The document summarizes several European conflicts that occurred from 1609 to 1621, including a twelve year truce between the Netherlands and Spain from 1609 to 1621, Poland's invasion of Russia as King Sigismund III claimed the Russian throne, and the Kalmar War from 1611 to 1613 where King Christian IV of Denmark invaded Sweden's city of Kalmar with 6000 men after King Charles IX of Sweden tried establishing new trade routes, resulting in a Danish victory.

1. The Thirty Years’ War Author: Geoffrey Parker By Tara Cooper

2. The Twelve Years’ Truce The twelve year truce between the Netherlands and Spain. (1609-1621)

3. Poland Invades Russia King Sigismund III of Poland claimed the Russian throne & declared war on Russia.

4. Kalmar War (1611-1613) King Charles IX of Sweden tried setting up new trade routes through northern Norway & Lapland. King Christian IV of Denmark was opposed & invaded the city of Kalmar with approximately 6000 men. Denmark was victorious & regained Norwegian control of the Sweden land route in Lapland.