The document summarizes evidence of advanced technology in the Indus Civilization from around 3500-1300 BCE, including: 1) An extensive drainage system, the world's first, and standardized brick sizes showing urban planning. 2) Crafts like shell inlay work and copper/clay/shell bangles, indicating specialized artisans. 3) Terracotta objects like plows and bull figurines that resemble modern implements, suggesting advanced agriculture.

1. The Technology of the Indus Civilizations Done By: Goh JinYang(34) Vivian Cheah(3) Dayana(27)

2. How advanced was the technology in the Indus Civilizations? Evidence Their drainage system is the world’s first complex drainage systems. They have a writing system in that time. The bricks in the buildings in Harappa are exactly the same size and shape. Its streets have followed a grid pattern that is similar to the one still used by modern planners.

3. This shows that there are good craftsmanship in the Indus civilization. Interpretation For decoration What was it used for? Shell Question-What was it made of? The inlay shell Evidence

4. This shows that there are many people in the Indus civilization, that has talent in making crafts, as the bangles are common. Interpretation For people to use/wear. What was it used for? Copper, clay, shell and metal. Question-What was it made of? Part of a bangle. Evidence

5. Bullock or Ox carts The curved frame probably had wooden components for attaching the wheels and for protecting and containing load. People may have even used these carts to peddle pottery or other goods. Most figurines were handmade, but in few cases where intricate detail was desired, moulds were used. In the picture below, a bull figurine has been given almost life-like detail through the use of a mould for the head.

6. Terracotta Objects Triangular terracotta cakes were common at Indus sites. Earlier, some scholars said that they were used as toilet paper. However, since many of them have been found inside kilns and hearths, it is more likely that they were used for retaining heat during pottery firing or cooking. This model of a terracotta plow was almost in perfect condition, when recovered from the site of Banawali. It is S-shaped with a sharp edge near the point and a hole at the end of the central component to fasten it to a yoke. The shape of the plow is exactly like the shape of the plows used in modern villages in South Asia.

7. Copper and bronze implements Copper and bronze implements included farming implements and tools, fishhooks, weapons, ornaments and vessels. These metal implements might have served as status symbols. They were manufactured in two ways, 1) By casting, pouring molten metal into moulds. 2) By heating and hammering the metal into shape.

8. Animals in daily life. Cattle, water buffalo, sheep, dogs, elephants, rhinoceroses, monkeys, birds and other animals were represented in the figurines of the Indus Civilization. Some of the animals are familiar to us today, but others are no longer common or might have been mythical creatures, caricatures or representations of humorous characters in stories. The significance of these animals and the affection of people towards some of them are clear despite their relatively simple features.

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