The document discusses the science behind empathy. It summarizes that empathy involves three key processes: mind reading to decode others' emotions, affect matching to share the emotions, and empathic motivation to have sustained positive regard. It also discusses how mirror neurons activate our brain's mirror system to unconsciously mimic and match others' actions, emotions, and intentions. Active listening is important for empathy and involves minimizing internal chatter to listen with understanding and focus on the other person.