The document outlines the key chapters and sections of The Sales Tax Act of 1990 in Pakistan. It covers preliminary aspects like short title and commencement, definitions of terms. It also covers the scope and payment of tax, including exemptions, rates, time and manner of payment, determination of tax liability, input tax credits, refunds and assessments. Other sections address registration requirements, record keeping, returns, appointment of tax authorities and their powers, offences and penalties, appeals, recovery of arrears, and general administration matters like service of notices and rectification of mistakes.
The word tax is derived from the Latin word “taxo” which means “rate”.
It is a financial charge Upon Taxpayer. Taxpayer may be individual or legal entity.
Types of tax:
If tax is charged on personal or corporate income, then it is a direct tax.
If tax is charged on the price of a good or service, then it is called an indirect tax.
This is a short presentation for beginners wanting to learn a bit about the Indian Income-tax Act. It gives a snapshot of some of the basic terms in the Indian income-tax law. Hard core tax practitioners may kindly stay away! It's only the common man.
The word tax is derived from the Latin word “taxo” which means “rate”.
It is a financial charge Upon Taxpayer. Taxpayer may be individual or legal entity.
Types of tax:
If tax is charged on personal or corporate income, then it is a direct tax.
If tax is charged on the price of a good or service, then it is called an indirect tax.
This is a short presentation for beginners wanting to learn a bit about the Indian Income-tax Act. It gives a snapshot of some of the basic terms in the Indian income-tax law. Hard core tax practitioners may kindly stay away! It's only the common man.
A comparative study of Sales Tax Acts of the Provinces. The Constitutional Backing and issues involved. Also included are changes introduced through Finance Acts 2016 of the Provinces
To understand the rationale and purpose for which tax audit report is being prepared, the contents which the professional certifies in that and the gray areas which needs to be appropriately considered by the assessee and the professionals. The session shall cover the guidance note issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ("ICAI") for better clarity and understanding, the recent amendments in the reporting format and the practical advices in relation to certification for professionals as well as assessee.
Chapter 1 Principles of economics· Opportunity costs· Tra.docxsleeperharwell
Chapter 1: Principles of economics
· Opportunity costs
· Trade-offs/decisions at the margin
· Assignment 1, part 1
Chapter 2: Trade-offs and trade:
· Production possibilities frontier (PPF)
· The theory of comparative advantage
· Absolute advantage
· Assignment 1, part 2
Chapter 3: Supply and Demand
· Laws of demand and supply
· Shifters of demand and supply versus movements along the curves
· Equilibrium and disequilibrium (excess and shortage)
· Assignment 2, part 1
Chapter 6: Elasticity
· Calculation and interpretation of elasticity
· Impacts of price changes when a good is elastic/inelastic
· Impacts of price changes on related goods
· Impacts of changes in income on demand for goods
· Assignment 2, part 2
Chapter 4: Consumer and producer surplus
· Consumer surplus
· Producer surplus
· Market efficiency
· Assignment 3, Q1
Chapter 5: Price Controls and Quotas
· Price ceilings and floors
· Impacts of price controls (side effects and DWL)
· Quotas, quota rent and DWL
· Assignment 3, Qs 2 – 7
Chapter 7: Taxes
· Impacts of taxes and prices and quantities
· Impacts of taxes on society (DWL)
· Tax burden (impacts of elasticity)
· Tax revenue
· Assignment #3, Qs 9-10
Chapter 8: International Trade:
· Import competing versus export oriented economies
· Autarky versus free trade
· Impacts of opening borders on welfare
· Impacts of tariffs on domestic economy (domestic production, consumption, prices and welfare)
· Arguments for trade protection
· The Hecsher-Ohlin Model
· Assignment #4
Production Theory
· The production function (TPP, MPP, APP)
· The Law of Diminishing Returns
· Stages of production
· Cost concepts (fixed, variable, marginal, total, average, minimum-cost output)
· Assignment #5 (paper airplane company)
· Assignment #6, part 1, Q1
Chapter 12: Perfect Competition
· Characteristics of perfect competition
· Optimal production under perfect competition
· Assumptions regarding prices in perfect competition
· Profit, loss and breakeven
· The supply curve (short run versus long-run)
· Assignment #6, part 1, Qs 2-4
Chapters 13: Monopoly
· Monopolies and market power (as opposed to perfect competition or monopolistic competition)
· Decision making of the monopolist regarding quantity and prices
· Impacts of a monopoly on welfare
· Assignment #6, part 2, Qs 1-3
Chapters 14/15: Imperfect Competition
· Oligopolies and duopolies
· Game theory—Prisoners dilemma
· Cooperative versus non-cooperative behavior
· Characteristics of monopolistic competition
· Assignment #6, part 2, Qs 3-5
FASB Accounting Standards Codification Quick Reference Guide
The FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC or the "Codification") organizes nongovernmental U.S. GAAP
using a topic-based model consisting of 90 individual Topics. Each Topic contains at least one Subtopic. Subtopics
contain Sections, which include the actual accounting guidance. Sections are based on the nature of the content (e.g.,
scope, recognition, measurement, etc.) and are stan.
Presentation covers QBCC Compliance audits / QBCC Minimum Financial Requirements for licensees and how accountants can assist including:
Notice of reasons for proposed suspensions of licence;
Notice of reasons for proposed cancellations of licence;
Consequences of suspensions and cancellations of licence on the builder/client;
Methods for recovering money in uncertain times; and
Key upcoming changes to the QBCC licencing regime.
Mia Mia is one of the best listing website for IPCC Classes in Mumbai. We are also known for our systematic listing of various IPCC, CA Final and CPT CLasses in Mumbai. QLI is a class where each student is our priority. We are one of the best listing website for CA Classes in Mumbai.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
4. CHAPTER 2 (SCOPE AND PAYMENT OF TAX)
Section 3
Scope of tax
3B: Collection of excess sales tax
etc
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5. CHAPTER 2 (SCOPE AND PAYMENT OF TAX)
Section 4
Zero rating
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6. CHAPTER 2 (SCOPE AND PAYMENT OF TAX)
Section 5
Change in the rate of tax
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7. CHAPTER 2 (SCOPE AND PAYMENT OF TAX)
Section 6
Time and manner of payment
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8. CHAPTER 2 (SCOPE AND PAYMENT OF TAX)
Section 7
Determination of tax liability
7A. Levy and collection of tax on
specified goods on value
addition
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9. CHAPTER 2 (SCOPE AND PAYMENT OF TAX)
Section 8
Tax credit not allowed
8A. Joint and several liability of
registered persons in supply chain
where tax unpaid
8B. Adjustable input tax
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10. CHAPTER 2 (SCOPE AND PAYMENT OF TAX)
Section 9
Debit and credit note
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11. CHAPTER 2 (SCOPE AND PAYMENT OF TAX)
Section 10
Refund of input tax
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12. CHAPTER 2 (SCOPE AND PAYMENT OF TAX)
Section 11
Assessment of tax and recovery of
tax not levied or short levied or
erroneously refunded
11A. short paid amounts recoverable
without notice
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13. CHAPTER 2 (SCOPE AND PAYMENT OF TAX)
Section 13
Exemption
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24. CHAPTER 6 (APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS OF SALES TAX & THEIR POWERS)
Section 30
• Appointment of authorities
• 30A. directorate General (Intelligence and Inland Revenue)
• 30B. Directorate General Internal Audit
• 30C. directorate General of Training and Research
• 30D. Directorate General of Valuation
• 30DD. Directorate of Post Clearance Audit
• 30E. Powers and Functions of Directorate, etc
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25. CHAPTER 6 (APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS OF SALES TAX & THEIR POWERS)
Section 31
Powers
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26. CHAPTER 6 (APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS OF SALES TAX & THEIR POWERS)
Section 32
Delegation of powers
32A. Special audit by Chartered
Accountants or cost Accountants
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28. CHAPTER 7 (OFFENCES AND PENALTIES)
Section 34
Default surcharge
34A. Exemption from penality and
default surcharge
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29. CHAPTER 7 (OFFENCES AND PENALTIES)
Section 37• Power to summon persons to give evidence and produce documents in inquiries under
the Act
• 37A. Power to arrest and prosecute
• 37B. Procedure to be followed on arrest of a person
• 37C. Special Judges
• 37D. Cognizance of offences by special judges
• 37E. Special judge, etc. to have exclusively jurisdiction
• 37F. Provisions of code of criminal procedure, 1898, to apply
• 37G. Transfer of cases
• 37H. Place of sittings
• 37I. Appeal to the High Court
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30. CHAPTER 7 (OFFENCES AND PENALTIES)
Section 38
•Authorized officers to have access to
premises, stocks, accounts and records
•38A. Power to call for information
•38B. Obligation to produce documents and
provide information
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31. CHAPTER 7 (OFFENCES AND PENALTIES)
Section 40
•Searches under warrant
•40B. Posting of Inland Revenue Officer
•40C. Monitoring or tracking Electronic or
other means
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32. CHAPTER 8 (APPEALS)
Section 45
•45A. Power of the Board and
Commissioner to call for records
•45B. Appeals
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45. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 58
•Liability for payment of tax in the case of
private companies or business
enterprises
•58A. Representative
•58B. Liability and obligations of
representatives
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46. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 59
•Tax paid on stocks acquired
before registration
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47. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 60
Powers to deliver certain goods
without payment of tax
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48. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 61
•Repayment of tax in certain cases
•61A. Repayment of tax to persons
registered in Azad Jammu and
Kashmir
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49. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 62
•Drawback allowable on re-
export
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50. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 63
•Drawback on goods taken into
use between importation and
re-exportation
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51. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 64
•Power to declare what goods
are identifiable and to prohibit
drawback in case of specified
foreign territory
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52. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 65
•Exemption of tax not levied or
short levied as a result of
general practice
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53. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 66
•Refund to be claimed within one
year
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59. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 72
•Officers of sales tax to follow Board’s orders, etc
•72A. Reference to the authorities
•72B. Selection of audit by the board
•72C. Reward to Inland Revenue Officers and
Officials
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60. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 73
•Certain transactions not
admissible
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61. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 74
•Condonation of time limit
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62. CHAPTER 9 (RECOVERY OF ARREARS)
Section 75
•Application of the provisions of Act
IV of 1969 to sales tax
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63. Note
Sections 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 35, 36, 41,42,43,44 are
omitted by amendments
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