Regular readers of GFMT may recall that I am writing a series of articles which connect the 21st century flour roller-milling industry with its beginnings more than 150 years ago and its history.
Western Australia has four strategically located ports with some 15.8 million tonnes of shipping capacity to move its grain production from the region onto world markets.
The document discusses the African Milling School (AMS) located in Nairobi, Kenya. It was established by Bühler to train mill workers in Africa to become professional millers. Some key points:
1) AMS is the only school that caters specifically to English-speaking African countries and focuses on training experienced mill workers.
2) It has state-of-the-art facilities including a full-scale training mill, classrooms, and well-equipped laboratory.
3) The 27-student inaugural class represented 14 different mills from 9 African countries, demonstrating the school's important role in the region.
4) The two-year program combines classroom and practical training to
We all know that milling is an energy-intensive sector. Energy is the largest operating expense item after raw material costs. When lifetime costs are examined, we face amounts exceeding investment expenses. For example, if we assume the investment cost of a flour mill of 200 t/day capacity reaches 5 million TL (2 million EUR) and its life time would be 20 years in average, then the annual depreciation cost will be 250,000 TL (100,000 EUR). The annual energy cost of such a company will be around 500.000 TL (200,000 EUR), twice the depreciation cost.
This document discusses key considerations for planning and life safety in flour milling facilities. It covers regulatory codes around occupancy, construction type, height and area restrictions. Grain storage, cleaning towers, tempering bins and mills often use slipformed concrete construction. The document outlines the flour milling process and notes facilities must plan for flexible layouts and changing technology. Life safety focuses on OSHA, FDA, NFPA codes around equipment access, building envelope, fire protection and loads in mill structures. Sanitary construction aims to allow durable, cleanable surfaces throughout facilities.
This document provides an estimated cost breakdown for establishing a flour mill project called Farooq Flour Mill in Shahbaz Pur Road, Rahim Yar Khan. It estimates the following costs:
1) Land acquisition costs of Rs. 24,480,000
2) Building construction costs of Rs. 7,410,000
3) Local machinery costs of Rs. 11,397,000 and imported machinery costs of Rs. 0
4) Initial net working capital requirements of Rs. 40,035,000
5) Total estimated project cost of Rs. 89,584,000 to be financed 50% through debt of Rs. 44,792,000.
Revolution is a loaded word, particularly, for instance, if it is preceded by a definite article, an adjective like ‘Hungarian’ and date such as ‘1956.’ However, the Hungarian Revolution, or uprising against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic, is still in living memory but the Roller Flour Milling Revolution began more than 150 years ago. So why should readers of GFMT be concerned about it?
The Wright family has operated a mill in Ponders End, near Enfield in North East London for over 150 years. The mill utilizes two plants to produce flour from wheat sourced locally in East Anglia and Kent as well as from Canada. Flour is milled, packed, and distributed to both small artisan and large commercial bakers. In recent decades, the mill has expanded into value-added mixes and pre-packaged products to adapt to changing demands and markets. Wright's emphasizes high quality and maintains strong relationships with customers through a home baking club and reputation for ensuring successful baking results.
W&H Marriage & Sons Ltd is a fifth-generation family-run milling operation in Essex, UK that was established in 1824. In addition to flour milling, the company also operates a feed mill that was started in the 1970s and produces around 35,000 tonnes of feed annually, focusing on poultry. The mill sources wheat and other grains from local Essex farmers, including the Marriage family farms. It has stringent quality control processes and is accredited by several industry organizations. While modern equipment has been incorporated, traditional stone milling continues on-site.
Western Australia has four strategically located ports with some 15.8 million tonnes of shipping capacity to move its grain production from the region onto world markets.
The document discusses the African Milling School (AMS) located in Nairobi, Kenya. It was established by Bühler to train mill workers in Africa to become professional millers. Some key points:
1) AMS is the only school that caters specifically to English-speaking African countries and focuses on training experienced mill workers.
2) It has state-of-the-art facilities including a full-scale training mill, classrooms, and well-equipped laboratory.
3) The 27-student inaugural class represented 14 different mills from 9 African countries, demonstrating the school's important role in the region.
4) The two-year program combines classroom and practical training to
We all know that milling is an energy-intensive sector. Energy is the largest operating expense item after raw material costs. When lifetime costs are examined, we face amounts exceeding investment expenses. For example, if we assume the investment cost of a flour mill of 200 t/day capacity reaches 5 million TL (2 million EUR) and its life time would be 20 years in average, then the annual depreciation cost will be 250,000 TL (100,000 EUR). The annual energy cost of such a company will be around 500.000 TL (200,000 EUR), twice the depreciation cost.
This document discusses key considerations for planning and life safety in flour milling facilities. It covers regulatory codes around occupancy, construction type, height and area restrictions. Grain storage, cleaning towers, tempering bins and mills often use slipformed concrete construction. The document outlines the flour milling process and notes facilities must plan for flexible layouts and changing technology. Life safety focuses on OSHA, FDA, NFPA codes around equipment access, building envelope, fire protection and loads in mill structures. Sanitary construction aims to allow durable, cleanable surfaces throughout facilities.
This document provides an estimated cost breakdown for establishing a flour mill project called Farooq Flour Mill in Shahbaz Pur Road, Rahim Yar Khan. It estimates the following costs:
1) Land acquisition costs of Rs. 24,480,000
2) Building construction costs of Rs. 7,410,000
3) Local machinery costs of Rs. 11,397,000 and imported machinery costs of Rs. 0
4) Initial net working capital requirements of Rs. 40,035,000
5) Total estimated project cost of Rs. 89,584,000 to be financed 50% through debt of Rs. 44,792,000.
Revolution is a loaded word, particularly, for instance, if it is preceded by a definite article, an adjective like ‘Hungarian’ and date such as ‘1956.’ However, the Hungarian Revolution, or uprising against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic, is still in living memory but the Roller Flour Milling Revolution began more than 150 years ago. So why should readers of GFMT be concerned about it?
The Wright family has operated a mill in Ponders End, near Enfield in North East London for over 150 years. The mill utilizes two plants to produce flour from wheat sourced locally in East Anglia and Kent as well as from Canada. Flour is milled, packed, and distributed to both small artisan and large commercial bakers. In recent decades, the mill has expanded into value-added mixes and pre-packaged products to adapt to changing demands and markets. Wright's emphasizes high quality and maintains strong relationships with customers through a home baking club and reputation for ensuring successful baking results.
W&H Marriage & Sons Ltd is a fifth-generation family-run milling operation in Essex, UK that was established in 1824. In addition to flour milling, the company also operates a feed mill that was started in the 1970s and produces around 35,000 tonnes of feed annually, focusing on poultry. The mill sources wheat and other grains from local Essex farmers, including the Marriage family farms. It has stringent quality control processes and is accredited by several industry organizations. While modern equipment has been incorporated, traditional stone milling continues on-site.
Ocrim, situated in the heart of Cremona, Italy will celebrate its seventieth anniversary next year. Founded in 1945 out of an ambitious project by Knight of Labour, Guido Grassi who sought to continue the tradition of his family operating in the milling industry for over a century, Ocrim has a rich Italian heritage.
The resurrection of the Irish milling industry throughout the 1930’s would not have been possible without the German company Miag, acquired by Bühler in 1972. Delving back through the past, a clear connection emerges between Irish flour milling and German engineering.
This document provides a summary of articles from the March/April 2014 issue of Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine. It includes summaries of several grain processing technologies and equipment articles, such as a high performance grain classifier from Buhler, an extreme duty elevator bucket from Tapco Inc., and a cloud-based hazard monitoring system. It also includes contact information for the magazine and instructions for advertisers.
This document provides information about export port and storage facilities. It includes advertisements from several companies that provide grain storage and handling equipment, such as Chief Industries, Sukup Manufacturing, and Vigan Engineering. It also mentions that Milling and Grain magazine has expanded its reach globally by adding additional language translations, and introduces new staff members at the magazine, including a managing editor and Asia-Pacific representative.
The London and South East Millers Society held another great meeting for its industry members in early September. This meeting was at a former flourmill, Holme Mills in the UK, which is now a heritage mill.
Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine is keenly aware of the rise of Turkey. In modern times, especially since the start of the 21st century, Turkey has become more and more important to the region and beyond.
This document provides a history and overview of the brand SITRAM. It summarizes the company's founding in 1960, key events and acquisitions. It also outlines SITRAM's target markets, product ranges, quality commitments, and manufacturing facilities in France and Asia. Visual communication codes emphasizing simplicity, durability and authenticity are presented.
Northern Europe has a unique place in the history of milling. Fortunately there are sufficient remnants of the distant past to stimulate interest. Although much is now consigned to museums and archives such as the Mills Archive (www.millsarchive.org), many European countries feature active groups of professionals and amateurs keeping traditional skills and techniques alive!
In 2012 Christy Turner celebrated 175 years of supplying high quality, robust and reliable flaking mills, hammer mills, pulverisers and associated plant equipment for industries around the world that process food for humans, feed for humans animals, biomass, waste recycling, minerals, chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
James murcott farm digester engineering closerstill may 13squalt
The document summarizes the history and development of on-farm anaerobic digestion (AD) in the UK from 1974-present. It describes how the author built early prototype digesters in the 1970s and formed a company to build farm-scale digesters using livestock manures and slurries. Over the decades, the company refined digester designs and built hundreds of farm and sewage digesters. More recent developments include automatic de-gritting systems, reduced capital costs, gas scrubbing and compression, and trials using food waste.
The document provides a summary of the Cereals event held in June 2013 in Lincolnshire, UK. It discusses the large turnout of over 25,850 visitors despite hardship in the agriculture sector. The event featured an arable conference focusing on increasing UK wheat yields. Several wheat growers were recognized as finalists in a milling wheat challenge. The Perendale Publishers Ltd staff enjoyed experiencing the event and meeting companies in the post-harvest technology cluster to help attune their publications to industry audiences. Rain disrupted the event on both afternoons. Exhibitors reported that despite the weather, spirits remained high for visitors and exhibitors.
This year’s GRAPAS Award for Milling Innovation is jointly shared by Alapala of Turkey and Bühler Group of Switzerland. Milling and Grain magazine, published by Perendale Publishers Limited, sponsors the GRAPAS Awards for Innovation in the cereal milling industries at the FIAAP-VICTAM-GRAPAS International Exhibition and GRAPAS Conference 2015 which was held in Cologne, Germany from June 9-11, 2015.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and later spread to other parts of Europe and the United States. Key factors that drove the Industrial Revolution included population growth, agricultural advances, increased trade, and technological innovations such as the steam engine. These developments led to industrialization in three main sectors: textiles, iron and steel production, and transportation. The Industrial Revolution transformed economies and societies as it shifted populations from rural to urban areas and introduced new forms of production.
As you travel through the beautiful Oxfordshire countryside, amongst the clusters of yellow-bricked houses, smatterings of wheat fields, braying cattle and leaping lambs, you may well chance upon the hidden gem that is FWP Matthew’s redbrick flourmill.
Fawema is a German packaging machinery manufacturer founded in 1920. It is headquartered near Cologne, Germany. Fawema started by manufacturing metalworking tools and machines and later specialized in developing packaging machines, particularly for dosing and portioning food. They are now a leading provider of packaging lines for foods like flour, animal feed, pet food, and rice. Fawema prides itself on high quality German engineering and rigorous testing of its machines before customer delivery. The company tours its facilities and production process to showcase its dedication to customers.
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century due to various agricultural, technological, and economic developments. More efficient farming led to a surplus rural population that moved to cities to work in new factories powered by steam engines. Britain had ample coal and other natural resources and entrepreneurs like James Watt who improved the steam engine. In the 19th century, industrialization spread across Europe, aided by new transportation networks like railroads and new technologies like mechanized factories. While industrialization increased production and wealth, it also led to urbanization, pollution, and difficult working conditions, especially for children.
A revamped conference programme at Cereals 2015 will provide growers with key information on some of the hottest topics in the arable sector while allowing them more time to explore the event.
Turning swords to ploughshares, a biblical quotations from Isaiah 2:3–4, took on a new meaning when I visited the popular tourists summer destination of Alicanti in mid-June to help celebrate a milestone for an international company called Balaguer Rolls.
Mexico's wheat production is forecast to increase slightly in 2016/17 to 3.9 million metric tons due to favorable weather conditions. Wheat consumption is also expected to increase due to population growth and continued popularity of wheat-based foods. Total wheat imports are estimated to rise to 4.45 million metric tons to meet higher demand for milling varieties. The majority of Mexico's wheat is produced in the northern states of Sonora and Baja California, with Sonora contributing nearly half of total production.
Ocrim, situated in the heart of Cremona, Italy will celebrate its seventieth anniversary next year. Founded in 1945 out of an ambitious project by Knight of Labour, Guido Grassi who sought to continue the tradition of his family operating in the milling industry for over a century, Ocrim has a rich Italian heritage.
The resurrection of the Irish milling industry throughout the 1930’s would not have been possible without the German company Miag, acquired by Bühler in 1972. Delving back through the past, a clear connection emerges between Irish flour milling and German engineering.
This document provides a summary of articles from the March/April 2014 issue of Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine. It includes summaries of several grain processing technologies and equipment articles, such as a high performance grain classifier from Buhler, an extreme duty elevator bucket from Tapco Inc., and a cloud-based hazard monitoring system. It also includes contact information for the magazine and instructions for advertisers.
This document provides information about export port and storage facilities. It includes advertisements from several companies that provide grain storage and handling equipment, such as Chief Industries, Sukup Manufacturing, and Vigan Engineering. It also mentions that Milling and Grain magazine has expanded its reach globally by adding additional language translations, and introduces new staff members at the magazine, including a managing editor and Asia-Pacific representative.
The London and South East Millers Society held another great meeting for its industry members in early September. This meeting was at a former flourmill, Holme Mills in the UK, which is now a heritage mill.
Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine is keenly aware of the rise of Turkey. In modern times, especially since the start of the 21st century, Turkey has become more and more important to the region and beyond.
This document provides a history and overview of the brand SITRAM. It summarizes the company's founding in 1960, key events and acquisitions. It also outlines SITRAM's target markets, product ranges, quality commitments, and manufacturing facilities in France and Asia. Visual communication codes emphasizing simplicity, durability and authenticity are presented.
Northern Europe has a unique place in the history of milling. Fortunately there are sufficient remnants of the distant past to stimulate interest. Although much is now consigned to museums and archives such as the Mills Archive (www.millsarchive.org), many European countries feature active groups of professionals and amateurs keeping traditional skills and techniques alive!
In 2012 Christy Turner celebrated 175 years of supplying high quality, robust and reliable flaking mills, hammer mills, pulverisers and associated plant equipment for industries around the world that process food for humans, feed for humans animals, biomass, waste recycling, minerals, chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
James murcott farm digester engineering closerstill may 13squalt
The document summarizes the history and development of on-farm anaerobic digestion (AD) in the UK from 1974-present. It describes how the author built early prototype digesters in the 1970s and formed a company to build farm-scale digesters using livestock manures and slurries. Over the decades, the company refined digester designs and built hundreds of farm and sewage digesters. More recent developments include automatic de-gritting systems, reduced capital costs, gas scrubbing and compression, and trials using food waste.
The document provides a summary of the Cereals event held in June 2013 in Lincolnshire, UK. It discusses the large turnout of over 25,850 visitors despite hardship in the agriculture sector. The event featured an arable conference focusing on increasing UK wheat yields. Several wheat growers were recognized as finalists in a milling wheat challenge. The Perendale Publishers Ltd staff enjoyed experiencing the event and meeting companies in the post-harvest technology cluster to help attune their publications to industry audiences. Rain disrupted the event on both afternoons. Exhibitors reported that despite the weather, spirits remained high for visitors and exhibitors.
This year’s GRAPAS Award for Milling Innovation is jointly shared by Alapala of Turkey and Bühler Group of Switzerland. Milling and Grain magazine, published by Perendale Publishers Limited, sponsors the GRAPAS Awards for Innovation in the cereal milling industries at the FIAAP-VICTAM-GRAPAS International Exhibition and GRAPAS Conference 2015 which was held in Cologne, Germany from June 9-11, 2015.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and later spread to other parts of Europe and the United States. Key factors that drove the Industrial Revolution included population growth, agricultural advances, increased trade, and technological innovations such as the steam engine. These developments led to industrialization in three main sectors: textiles, iron and steel production, and transportation. The Industrial Revolution transformed economies and societies as it shifted populations from rural to urban areas and introduced new forms of production.
As you travel through the beautiful Oxfordshire countryside, amongst the clusters of yellow-bricked houses, smatterings of wheat fields, braying cattle and leaping lambs, you may well chance upon the hidden gem that is FWP Matthew’s redbrick flourmill.
Fawema is a German packaging machinery manufacturer founded in 1920. It is headquartered near Cologne, Germany. Fawema started by manufacturing metalworking tools and machines and later specialized in developing packaging machines, particularly for dosing and portioning food. They are now a leading provider of packaging lines for foods like flour, animal feed, pet food, and rice. Fawema prides itself on high quality German engineering and rigorous testing of its machines before customer delivery. The company tours its facilities and production process to showcase its dedication to customers.
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century due to various agricultural, technological, and economic developments. More efficient farming led to a surplus rural population that moved to cities to work in new factories powered by steam engines. Britain had ample coal and other natural resources and entrepreneurs like James Watt who improved the steam engine. In the 19th century, industrialization spread across Europe, aided by new transportation networks like railroads and new technologies like mechanized factories. While industrialization increased production and wealth, it also led to urbanization, pollution, and difficult working conditions, especially for children.
A revamped conference programme at Cereals 2015 will provide growers with key information on some of the hottest topics in the arable sector while allowing them more time to explore the event.
Turning swords to ploughshares, a biblical quotations from Isaiah 2:3–4, took on a new meaning when I visited the popular tourists summer destination of Alicanti in mid-June to help celebrate a milestone for an international company called Balaguer Rolls.
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Mexico's wheat production is forecast to increase slightly in 2016/17 to 3.9 million metric tons due to favorable weather conditions. Wheat consumption is also expected to increase due to population growth and continued popularity of wheat-based foods. Total wheat imports are estimated to rise to 4.45 million metric tons to meet higher demand for milling varieties. The majority of Mexico's wheat is produced in the northern states of Sonora and Baja California, with Sonora contributing nearly half of total production.
The long-awaited Panama Canal expansion opened earlier this Summer with a ceremonial ship passing through the waterway. Based on extensive research including more than 100 studies on the economic feasibility, market demand, environmental impact and other technical engineering aspects, the Panama Canal expansion involved the construction of a ‘Third Set of Locks’ that will now allow larger ships to pass through the famous canal.
Family-owned Catalyst, formerly Pharm-Tech, custom formulates and manufactures feed and nutritional supplements for customers in the livestock, poultry, pet, wildlife and aquaculture industries. It operates five production plants, three in Idaho and two in Iowa. Its range of over 100 products includes digestive aids, mineral supplements and most recently Certified Organic blends and finished feeds.
Wholegrain Ingredient Producers EDME, based in England, has pioneered an innovative new category of ingredients. Michael Carr, Sales and Marketing Director of natural ingredient producer at EDME says, “We’ve identified a growing interest in sprouted foods and have developed a brand new product category to help bakers and food manufacturers meet that interest and demand.” Sprouted grains meet the demand for new wholegrain ingredients that are nutritious, soft and tender, as well as being more palatable and digestible.
Last month, we outlined the new regulations that grain processors needed to be aware of. This included the new NFPA 652 and OSHA initiatives. This month we delve into the array of options available to control combustible dust. Grain processors need to be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of each before choosing the smartest approach.
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3. F 50 | September - October 2014 GRAIN&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY
July 5, 1880. THE MILLER page 217
HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE – Chancery Division
(Before Mr Justice Stirling)
THE GERM MILLING CASE
The Germ Milling Company v. Robinson
THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL: I appear for the Company who are, as their
name indicates, a milling company carrying on their business in Glasgow
and the defendant, Mr Robinson, is also a miller carrying on business at
Deptford.
I should like, in a few words, to give your Lordship a general idea of
the modes in which milling was carried out in this country until recent
years, and how it has been carried on in foreign countries. In this country
the system generally adopted has been what is called “low grinding.” The
machinery still in use in the greatest number of mills in this country is the
upper and lower millstone. Figures show that there are about 8,000 mills
in this country and that there are not more than 500 of what are called
roller mills. But although the number of roller mills is small that does not
represent their importance for in them is produced a far greater quantity
of flour and meal than in the others. The ordinary stones, made of French
burrs, consist of a nether millstone, which is fixed, and an upper millstone
which rotates, the face of each stone being marked by what are called
“land” and “furrow” marks which in the rotating action of the upper
stone – the stones being so closely set that the distance between them
is not more than the thickness of a sheet of ordinary paper – crushes and
also cuts and grinds the wheat berries between them.
This outline of “traditional” flour milling practice was a
reflection of the times – late 19th century – but a ‘Revolution,’
implies change and the increasingly successful flour mills were
within the 500 to which the Attorney-General refers.
One of the principal “foot-soldiers” or facilitators of the Roller
Flour Milling Revolution was Henry Gustav Simon (1835 – 1899), a
German-born engineer. Armed solely with an Engineering Diploma
from the Zurich Technical Polytechnical School and a ‘surcharge of
mental energy and business initiative’ he moved to Manchester in
1860; by 1867 he was a naturalised British Subject with his own office
as a consulting engineer. His first
real success was in 1878 and the
introduction of a roller milling
plant for McDougall Brothers in
Manchester. (from Wikipaedia
entry, edited by Bryan McGee).
By January 1885, only 5 years
after the Attorney-General pero-ration
in the Germ Milling Case,
Simon paid for this double page
advertisement in THE MILLER
which illustrates the rapid pro-gress
of the Roller Flour Milling
Revolution (Figure 2)
The Germ Milling Case illus-trated
of the importance of the
separation of the wheat germ
from the bran and endosperm
in the roller milling process. The
Attorney-General explained to
the Court that:
“... the germ should be
abstracted [because], from its
oleaginous character, if is allowed
to remain in the flour it contains
elements which by fermenting
would lead to sourness in the
flour. . . . This elimination of
the germ has commanded great
RESEARCHING
AND REPORTING
THE ROLLER FLOUR MILLING REVOLUTION
by Rob Shorland-Ball
Keeping up-to-date
Regular readers of GFMT may recall that I am writing a
series of articles which connect the 21st century flour
roller-milling industry with its beginnings more than 150
years ago and its history.
New readers, and perceptive ‘regulars,’ may have noticed
that GFMT’s title has been enhanced to become global and to
acknowledge the importance of storage. So this is No 1 in a new
volume of a journal first published in 1891 as MILLING and still
providing a valuable source of reference.
So how can my research output be as up-to-date and relevant
as GFMT? I think the fact there was a revolution in this industry is
a key factor because it was a social and a technological revolution
which had an impact that is still significant – and relevant – today.
My researches are discovering much data: in text, input and
output figures, pictures, map evidence, publications, memories
including some oral history from millers and mill engineers and
more memories from retired folk. The databank which will hold
this material, and make it available to enquirers and teachers, is
The Mills Archive Trust [MAT] in Reading and it illustrates the
relevance of the data that Perendale Publishers Ltd have become
a MAT Patron so we are working together.
I find it helpful to have an intellectual framework for the
research data and here is a start (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Intellectual framework for the research data
FRAMEWORK STRUCTURE FRAMEWORK DETAILS
u Growing – wheat
• Processing – turning the wheat to flour
• Stone milling – the traditional ‘sudden death’ process
• Experimenting – with milling processes
• Globalising – wheat from central Europe and North America
• milling machinery from Hungary and the USA
ROLLER FLOUR MILLING REVOLUTION starts in the UK from 1850s
• Designing and building new machinery and new mills
• Transporting – wheat [roads, canals, railways, rivers, sea-ways]
u Storing – silos at the mill
u Receiving, cleaning and conditioning – wheat at the mill
u Blending – mixing English and overseas wheat
u Blending – mixing English and overseas wheat
u Grading and packing stocks – flour and other products
u Advertising – marketing the stocks
u Distributing – stocks to market
• Transporting – wheat [bulk by roads and sea-ways]
u Baking – bread is the single largest market for flour
• Branding – HOVIS; HOMEPRIDE
TELLING THE ROLLER FLOUR MILLING STORY in the 21st CENTURY
4. GRAIN&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY September - October 2014 | 51
GRAIN&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY September - October 2014 | 19
9 - 11 DECEMBER 2014 4
We have not seen before a Show of such international standard in the livestock
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Excellent firms don’t believe in excellence
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Vice Chairman
Myanmar Livestock Federation
—Tom Peters
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Figure 2
Results and Discussion
Part 1: Sample preparation and
spectra collection
In the initial testing phase the appli-cability
of the unit to predict moisture,
protein and fat was evaluated using an ini-tial
set of materials received from Aunir.
This set consisted of 20 samples each of
ground wheat, soy and corn, covering an
appropriate range of parameters.
The parameters evaluated for wheat
and soy are indicated in Table 2 and
Table 3. For initial testing wheat was
used as an indication of the performance
of cereals (Aunir Group 10) and soy was
used as indication of the performance of
high protein-low oil (Aunir group 30)
All samples were used as received
(ground) and placed in the quartz sample
cup for NIR spectra collection. Spectra
were collected on microPHAZIR AG
analysers, each over a wavelength range
from 1595-2395nm, in diffuse reflectance
mode.
Spectra were collected over six posi-tions
of the sample cup in order to
compensate for sample inhomogeneity.
In total, this resulted in six spectra col-lected
per sample and each sample was
also tested three times, with replace-ment,
resulting in 24 spectra collected
for each sample. This sampling process
was repeated for each of the 20 samples.
Samples were scanned in a randomised
manner to compensate for any sampling
correlations.
The spectral data were then evalu-ated
and quantitative individual PLS-1 mod-els
were constructed using our internal
chemometrics software package Thermo
Method GeneratorTM software (TMG). This
software was developed for use with the
microPHAZIR analyser. An example of the
spectra collected on each microPHAZIR
analyser is shown in Figure 1.
Aside from baseline offset, all spectral
features were similar across the different
microPHAZIR analysers, with no obvi-ous
spectral non-conformities. Based on
one microPHAZIR analyzer, the resulting
spectra collected from the 20 wheat
samples are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 1: Example of wheat spectra
from 4 different instruments
Figure 2: Spectra of wheat across the
full range for protein reference values
Figure 3: Preprocessed spectra of
wheat samples
Figure 4: Correlation plot of the
reference and the predicted values for
wheat protein
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6. GRAIN&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY September - October 2014 | 53
24/7
Protection
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September - October 2014
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first published in 1891
In this issue:
• STORAGE
Silo design &
construction
• Weighbridges
crucial
factors and
considerations
• Irish Flour
Milling and
the German
connection
• Bagging systems
chosing the right
one for your needs
• Burundi’s
women of war
turn to rice
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