The Role Of Centralized Policies On The State Capacities

The Role Of Centralized Policies On The State Capacities
This part explains the centralized policies with focus on the state capacities, which is the vital factor
of developmental states model, and emphasizes on implications of the centralization for resource–
rich developmental states. The initial stage of the extractive industry demands the centralization in
which the government exerts the strong state capacities, such as abilities to autonomously have its
policy ownership (e.g. design and implement industrial policies), to efficiently mobilize resources
and to rationally allocate revenues from the resources to more productive sectors in a given society
(Arellano–Yanguas and Mejía–Acosta, 2014). Such a state–led development often results from
political leadership based on a strong ideology called 'developmentalism' and requires the trained
and efficient bureaucracy to devise national development schemes and implement relevant legal
frameworks (Reinert, 2010).
In addition to the capacities of setting up development plans, the successful development in
resource–based economy depends on their ability to save all or part of the revenues from the
extractive industries (Lewin, 2011). Since the non–renewable resources are destined to be depleted
in the future, the mineral–wealth is limited, and it means the state should save the revenues as much
as possible to prepare for the future depletion (Lange and Wright, 2002). Moreover, the natural
resources tend to have volatile prices, so the countries need to stabilize the income, for
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United States Drug Policy
The United States Drug Policy evolved after the 1900s when laws dictating drug abuse became
prevalent. The targeted audience for the War on Drugs was aimed at helping the upper–class citizens
and not the lower–class citizens which ultimately caused the government to become hypocrites. The
United States War on Drug Policy was supposed to help America as a whole and not select classes.
The supply of drugs entering into the United States did not seem to be affected after numerous
different strategies were instilled by different presidents and government officials. Without a
successful strategy to end the spread of drug usage we as a country have lost the War on Drugs. An
unintended consequence from the United States drug policies to thwart drug ... Show more content
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The horrific increase of HIV/AIDS was one of many unintended consequences resulting from the
United States Drug Policies to end drug use. Clinton's decision to put the main emphasis of the
policy toward law enforcement played a helping hand in the expansion of spreading HIV/AIDS.
When increasing the presence of police on the street this started to drive up the cost of illegal drugs
because more individuals were being put behind bars even though production did not increase in
price. Majority of the drug abusers could not afford the price of the narcotics which lead them to
become prostitutes or enact in criminal activities. The ramification of their actions contributed to the
disperse of HIV/AIDS from unprotected sexual activities. A consequence that the United States did
not intend on happening with the Drug Policy was drug producers and distributors adapting to
interdiction and other tensions against their products. The drug addicts had to learn how to adapt to
the change in drugs available to them just like their suppliers. When the United States "forces
pushed hard against Afghan poppy–growers, farmers switched to marijuana." The United States
needed to realize that there are always substitutes and alternatives to drugs. Also, when the United
States decided to emphasis the law enforcement presence in Miami and the Caribbean's during the
1980s in hopes of ending the cocaine trade only caused the cocaine trade to relocate. When a drug
supplier must relocate this gives them the opportunity to gain new clients and continue to spread
narcotics undetected. Both of these consequences were not intended by the United States Drug
Policy to end drug use but, occurred. Law enforcement was rushed, harsh, and unbearable which
caused Americans to react in questionable ways. The United States Drug policy was an

Foreign Policy, Reformed, And The United States
Stefan Danilov
Pol S 321 B
Professor Robin Datta
Response Paper 1, Prompt 1
October 18, 2015
Foreign Policy, Reformed
Looking back at the history of the United States, we find ourselves in the midst of a revelation. The
country of grandiose influence and excessive wealth, that we have come to know during our
lifetimes, actually had quite humble beginnings. At a time when most of us are used to having most
countries come to the US to inquire for help and assistance, we may not be all too aware that our
own country was once asking for assistance as well. Yes, the US and our people, were once greatly
dependent upon investors from the other side of the world. Our land, railroads, canals, and countless
other projects were once financed and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The notion that we do not need foreign policy, or that it is an antiquated concept is greatly
misleading. In fact, we need a strong foreign policy now more than ever. We are living at a time
when the world's geographical divides are shrinking due to ever increasing advancements in
communication, technology, trade, and a strong global economic interdependence. Even though the
notion that we are somehow economically dependent upon other countries is not something new for
the US, we still see a strong indifference to foreign policy. In order to understand the problems, let
us take a step back and examine the history of US foreign policy.
For the most of the twentieth century we have defined our foreign policy in regards to our
competition with the Soviet Union up until the end of the Cold War. Even though we never directly
went to war with the Soviet Union, we were still engaged in a race to the top. However, once the
Soviet Union collapsed, we saw a drastic change and a shifting away from foreign policy towards
domestic policy. It was not until 9/11 that we have started to focus our attention back again towards
foreign policy.
In other instances, throughout the history of the US, we have always been dependent upon other
nations. Mead and Kaufman gives us thorough history lessons on our economic interdependence or
even co–dependence with other nations during our formative years as a nation. We would not be the
nation that we are today if it was not

The Essential Role Of Foreign Policy In The United States
Foreign Policy is the way a country goes about handling other countries in a variety of ways. This
includes war efforts, foreign aid, and diplomatic policies. Foreign policy in a sense represents a
countries wants and needs and uses strategies to achieve these goals with other countries. The power
of foreign policy is split up between the Executive Branches and Congress. Although the President
is the dominant force in foreign policy making congress does play key roles into the finalizing of
foreign policy tools and even can manipulate laws which can change foreign policy in return. The
process of foreign policy include first having a foreign issue arise, having policies debated and
made, government deciding to adopt one policy, the policy gets ... Show more content on
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Although many are against military force each situation is unique in that there is no single set of
fixed rules on when and when not military force should be used however it is up to the president to
decide when the action is best to take place. A professor of Standford University has his philosophy
of when military force is made , "when the stakes warrant, where and when force can be effective,
where no other policies are likely to be effective, where its application can be limited in scope and
time, and where the potential benefits justify the potential costs and sacrifice" (George 1) . When all
other tools are used such as diplomacy efforts which include negotiations and foreign aid efforts the
last result is to go about it with none other than military force. Our strategy here in America is to
always work hard for peace and I believe the president does his job at that. However, the president
is aware of attacks on us and it always ready for war if it be necessary. The most famous example of
military force is the American attack on Japan when two atomic bombs were dropped on the small
island. The bombing of Hiroshima happened in March of 1945 where more than 10,000 citizens of
Japan had died. President Harry Truman at that time had demanded the five ton atomic bomb be
dropped to speed up the ending of the war. It worked because soon after the Japanese

The State 's Capacity Of Policy Making And Governance
Q Has the state's capacity in policy–making and governance been reduced with the advent of
different modes of governance like markets, networks or associations? For the last forty years it has
become an accepted notion that the state's capacity in policy–making and governance has changed
through the increasing use of different modes of governance, like markets, networks or associations.
This essay will argue that generalised or blanket statements are unhelpful when examining state
capacity in policy–making and governance and that we must begin to examine such questions on a
case by case basis. In arguing this point, a comparative analysis of five case studies will be used to
demonstrate why this approach is necessary in understanding the process of governance in
contemporary society. The first method of governance observed is hierarchy. Hierarchy focusses on
a more top down approach, where those in charge develop and implement policies from a top down
perspective (Jansen 2007: p 6). It must be understood that hierarchical forms of governance do not
just exist in government, but can be found in many forms, whether in private business organisations
or small non–government organisations (NGO's) (Benz and Papadopoulos 2006: p 182). This is
where most often the implementation of policy is top down with the leaders of the organisation
having final control over whether or not a policy is implemented (Morcol 2006: p 170–171). Taking
this into account, it must be shown that

United States Foreign Policy Analysis
The United States must have a solid international relations and an effective domestic policy in order
for the country to be well off and protected from any sorts of extortions.
International relations and United States foreign policy are different from domestic polices and
policymaking. Foreign policy is a way for the government to deliberate interactions with other
nations, but they usually work in a way to fulfill their own objective. Domestic focuses more with
policies that affects our country, such as taxes and healthcare. With domestic policies, government
officials decide on its activities. On the other hand, foreign deals with policies that allocates with
how our nation interacts with the rest of the world, such as war on terror, ... Show more content on
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The scale of American military authority, as well as our country's ability to deploy and use these
resources, is way beyond degree of any present or potential enemy (Greenberg & Page, 2014). Due
to our high budget spending in defense, the United States have exceeded other countries such as
China, France, Germany, Italy, and others in warfare. It is important because the military is our
security against our rivals. The more money that is involved with the military will only help
strengthen our nation and protection for the citizens of the United States. The military is what
protects us from hostile actions from any type of guerilla or terrorists threats. The United States
should use its positions as the major world power to influence international relations so it could be
idolized on the security of their nation, since we do exceed our budget on

Canadian United States Foreign Policy
Canadian–United States Foreign Policy, Consistent and Thriving I hypothesize that the current US
policy with Canada makes sense and is beneficial to both countries. Our current foreign policies
with Canada include, working "in partnerships within, at, and away from our borders to achieve
enhanced security and accelerate the legitimate flow of people, goods, and services between our two
countries." Our relationship with Canada, I would consider to be strong. The fact that we have a
very large, extensive border between our countries, a solid relationship is almost a necessity. Eve
with outr differences with regards to boundaries and oil reserve rights, the communications between
our country are strong and I would classify the United States relationship with Canada and strong
and thriving, but ore so consistent. The relationship between the US and Canada actually thrives off
of each other, for example, "Canada, absorbs 43% of U.S. exports, and half of their energy imports
come from the Western Hemisphere. (US Dept. of State 2013) With this, I would also go to say that
sharing a border with shared values and beliefs in our economic structure are key to successful
foreign relations. With strong relations with our neighboring country, we can rely on each other in
times of crisis and in peace. For example, "Canada is the US 's largest foreign supplier of energy,
including oil, gas, uranium, and electric power. (CIA Factbook) Without these natural resources
being imported,

The United States Federal Reserve 's Quantitative Easing...
INTRODUCTION
As part of our term project for the Topics in Macroeconomics class we were assigned the topic of
linking the Keynesian view with the Great Depression of the 1930s as well as using it to explain and
critically evaluate the United States Federal Reserve's Quantitative Easing policy, which was
employed in an effort to combat the downfall of the world economy in the wake of the financial
crisis of 2008.
The following resources were utilized to help us carry out our project:
Quantitative Easing: A Keynesian Critique By Thomas I. Palley
The History of Macroeconomics from Keynes's General Theory to the Present By M. De Vroey and
P. Malgrange
Macroeconomic Principles – Chapter 17 By Libby Rittenberg and Tim Tregarthen WHAT ... Show
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Policies that made the situation worst.
CAUSES OF GREAT DEPRESSION
The effect of great depression was mostly recorded in the United Nation. So we are going to discuss
the causes that affected the U.S economy with a brief look at how the world economy was affected
as a result. The main cause that is noted in history was the decline in the consumption level of the
consumer, this had a direct effect on the production output and the inventories increased as the
consumption level decreased to a great level. Due to this setback the U.S economy was brought
down to the bottom, the aggregate demand decreased at a substantial level. THE MAIN CAUSES
OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
Contrary to popular belief, the Great Depression did not originate from the stock market crash of
1929. Yes, the stock market crash did result in numerous people (mostly wealthy investors) losing a
lot of money, but despite the gravity of the stock market crash we are reluctant to blame the stock
market crash as a trigger.
The roots of the Great Depression can be traced back to the First World War, which saw a large
American infantry being mobilized. This mobilization meant that a larger number of resources were
required to sustain the war efforts. Farmers across the US started to raise their production and
consequently expanded rapidly to provide

The United States Foreign Policy
The United States Foreign policy in the Middle East
Since the United States became the world's sole superpower, the Middle East has been seen as the
most troublesome region in the world by US politicians. This view emanates from all the conflicts
going in the Middle East that have the potential to threaten numerous strategic interests for the
united Stated such as oil, terrorist, and Israel. Yet Middle East has never seen as problematic as it is
now due to the excessive flux of problems the Middle East is struggling with. This increasingly
conflicting nature of the region demands the US policymakers to reevaluate American policy in the
Middle East to secure US interests. Unfortunately, American policy in the past three decades toward
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Persian Gulf, Britain protected Saudi Arabia and the other small states in the Arabian
Peninsula especially when they became oil producers. British paid Jordan's bills, supplied, and ran
the army during 1950s'. London backed North Yemen to combat the rising threat of Egypt in the
Arabian Peninsula to Iraq's designs on Kuwait.
British view of the region was not the favorite to Americans. The United States prevented France
and Britain from overthrowing Gamal 'Abd al–Nasser in 1956. In part for that reason, when Britain
announced its withdrawal from "East of Suez" in 1971, Eisenhower Administration was reluctant to
their place.
The United States tried to invest into regional proxies primarily Israel, Iran, and Saudi Arabia to
serve protecting Western interests in the region. But in 1979, Shah of Iran was overthrown and
replaced Ayatollah Khomeini. The threat his revolutionary Iranian state posed to American allies
across the region led the United States to become militarily involved in the Persian Gulf for the first
time, a commitment expanded when Iran's defeat (with American assistance) in the Iran–Iraq War
created the opportunity for Saddam Hussain to invade Kuwait and pose a threat to the region's vital
oil exports.
Indeed, in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, George Bush Administration tried to eliminate some of
the region's problems perpetually by military

The United States And Foreign Policy
The United States has always had an erratic view towards foreign policy. At its conception, it leaned
isolationist for about a century leading up to the First World War before opening up to the global
stage. In the interwar period, the United States retreated somewhat back into isolation but continued
to support Europe and Latin America. After World War 2, America was left to assume the role as the
global hegemonic power, both willingly and unwillingly. Unique circumstances such as the
destruction of most developed economies allowed the United States to exploit the situation to create
a world order with several differences from that of its predecessor, Great Britain. This new world
order allowed the U.S. to focus on two specific thoughts on their foreign policy, Wilsonianism and
Jeffersonianism, as it saw fit.
In the years that followed World War 2, the United States original desire to create global institutions
to lessen the burden that Washington had to bear changed significantly. It evolved into the United
States leading in most global affairs, creating a new form of liberal world order in which a leading
state creates international rules and institutions with the purpose of providing public services while
at the same time adhering to said rules and institutions. G. John Ikenberry referred to it as a liberal–
constitutional order. While similarities exist between this order and the other three that Ikenberry
refers to, there are stark contrasts that make the American order

The Importance Of Nation-State Policy
Along with the twenty–first century tagged an interconnected and globalized world, consociated by
instantaneous worldwide communication and the free dissemination of information. With this new
era of technology, economic policies of nation–states have become so interdependent that most
nation–state economies would be crippled without their respective international trading partners. As
such, one may wonder if an introspective national policy is appropriate, as argued for by the source.
For example, one may contend that international cooperation inevitably results in unequitable
compromise, with the more powerful nation–states forcing developing countries into partisan trade–
deals. This argument, however, does not take into account the ... Show more content on
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Furthermore, by stating that individuals, in general, do not appreciate others "telling [them] how to
deal with ... the seal hunt", the speaker alludes to the fact that each nation–state understands its own
eccentricities best, and that others cannot empathize because they simply do not have such
resources, such as seals. A nation–state that chooses to remain isolated from the world suffers
technologically. A prominent example of the detrimental effects of isolationism and the beneficial
effects of international trade can be observed through the period and abolition of Sakoku, better
known as the isolationist foreign policy of Japan. During isolation, the Japanese were only scarcely
aware of the technological advances in Western technology. As such, when U.S. Commodore
Matthew Perry's "black ships" arrived, the Japanese were shocked at just how advanced the
technology was, especially in shipbuilding and weaponry. Rather than closing off its borders and
potentially suffering the same fate as China, the Meiji government decided to rapidly Westernize the
nation, in terms of technology and in things like clothing and eating habits, in an attempt to
convince the Western powers that the Japanese were their equals. By the time the Meiji rule
concluded, Japan had a highly educated population and an established and rapidly growing

The Pros And Cons Of American Foreign Policy Of The United...
Dictionary.com defines foreign policy as "a policy pursued by a nation in its dealing with other
nations, designed to achieve national objectives (Dictionary.com, 2015)." According to U.S History
(2015), The United States American foreign policy is founded on interactions with foreign nations
and establish standards of collaboration for its governments, conglomerates and citizens. The
objectives of the foreign policy of the United States, plus all the Agencies and Bureaus in the United
States Department of State are "to shape and endure an additional democratic, safe, and affluent
domain for the advantage of the American societies and the global community." Jurisdictional goals
listed by the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs

The United States And Foreign Policy
America believed that it was isolated from the rest of the world, and its foreign policy reflected
these ideas and beliefs. The United States was on its way to becoming a world power and advancing
its own interest in the world, especially in the North and South America. Isolationism caused the
United States to avoid being involved in other countries politics and for the U.S. to remain neutral in
foreign policy Americans in the 19th century were more interested in domestic events than the
affairs of foreign countries. Economic growth and domestic problems fueled the American
imagination. Americans felt special, that they had their own destiny. They were separated by two
oceans, and America had the freedom of governing itself with little or no interference from other
world powers. The creation of legislation like the Monroe doctrine telling the European nations, that
to colonize land, or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of
aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. These policies were a reflection of how America viewed its
place in the world. America continued its expansion policies and enlarged its naval defense, and in
1883, Congress authorized construction of four steel ships and this was the beginning of a modern
navy. The victory in the Spanish–American war further expanded America territories into the
Caribbean and the Philippines and it gave Americans confidence that we did not need to be allied
with foreign powers, especially

United States Monetary Policy
In other words, Monetary policy can be looked at as a policy that is money–based that involves
banks that manage liquidity to create the growth of money. This includes the use of checks, cash,
and credit that are used in the money market as primary ways of investing money. The most
important of these is credit would be one of the most important tools used in the market because it
consist of loans that are written promises to pay money back. Within every policy that every nation
has there will always be an objective at hand. The U.S. Federal Reserve, like many other banks
around the world, has clearly stated targets for their goals. They look for a certain percent of people
who want to work but cannot find a job and the find that the rate of ... Show more content on
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Monetary Policy contains six different fundamental tools. All central banks have ways of obtaining
money through Monetary policy that are common. Most have many more. All banks work together
in a process of people making, selling, and buying things, by keeping track of banks' reserves. For
example, the Federal Reserve has many goals in place regarding Monetary Policy. In my
perspective, I feel as though this is an action that they take as a last option because this will consist
of an overload of paperwork that would be needed and demanded. However, after conducting
research based upon the topic at hand this is an easier way for banks to manage money. ". By doing
this, they can charge banks to lend out funds. Now, with the use of discount windows this usually
contains an amount of sets in a rating of discounts that maybe higher than the rate of the Federal
Reserve. This is not a coincidence, but instead preferred by the Federal Reserve in order for banks to
borrow from one

The Influence Of Public Policy In The United States
Public Policy is the way that our Executive branch of government help maintain the order of the
country as well as the needs of its citizens. Of course, no one system can be individually perfect and
solve all issues. But the public policies in the United States have been molded on off racial
prejudices in the past, and off legacy racism in the present. Discrimination that affects the racial
dynamic of most urban cities in the nation. In this course we have discussed the necessity for public
policy and the ways in which it affects this nation. Public Policy –our government and the citizens
that have an impact through voting– help shape the economic and social system for the United
States. To go more into depth, that means that education, employment, housing, health(care), our
communities, and the criminal justice system are all impacted by the decisions made by our
government. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Public policy has influenced philanthropists to do some of the beneficial deeds they have done over
the years. That will not only benefit themselves, but also select communities and groups of people.
On the other hand, public policy has also helped with the creation of laws that do not necessarily
benefit "the people". Laws and bills passed such as the Bill of Rights or the Fair Housing Act of
1968. Although there are actions being executed by the government, sometimes they are not as
beneficial as they were intended to be. Regular citizens as well as executives of the law can
sometimes find ways to misuse or bypass the intentions of the law for their own personal purposes.
One thing I have learned is that racism, inequality, and inequity play a role in how the laws that
were created, are

The Foreign Policy Of The United States
Between 1918 and 1953 there was a major change regarding the foreign policy of the United States.
At the end of the First World War, we practiced a foreign policy that was first established by George
Washington in his Farewell Address back in 1796, which set a precedent of isolationism that was
adopted until the beginning of World War II. Following Washington 's Neutrality Proclamation, the
US did not engage in many global affairs such as the French Revolution and remained neutral
through all foreign affairs. At the end of World War I, we continued to practice isolationism by not
engaging in foreign affairs and limiting military spending believing that by pursuing this policy we
could maintain peace and avoid war. Unfortunately, this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As stated by Document B, many governmental employees, such as Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Sr.,
believed that after World War I we should stay out of foreign affairs such as the League of Nations.
The League of Nations was an alliance system similar to the one that was present before World War
I; the prior alliance system had ultimately played a role in the commencement of the war raising
concern to many citizens. This isolationist perspective was prompted by the large amount of
casualties and damages done from World War I, which led many to want to disengage from Europe
completely and work on rebuilding our own country. By engaging in the League of Nations, as
Woodrow Wilson had proposed, we would have created a second alliance system and this was
contradictory of itself as a method of maintaining peace because the first alliance system was one of
the key components that led to World War I. His perspective on the foreign policy topic was popular
among the citizens, expanding the influences of isolationism. With this expanding concept, the
government employed numerous strategies to maintain the peace. As displayed by Document A, one
method that they employed was to reduce military spending to an extreme minimum. As shown on
the graph, the amount of military spending spiked from 1918–1920, this was due to our participation
in World War I. Right after World War I, in the

Public Policy : The United States
The United States' government has a responsibility to ensure the safety and security of its citizens
and in doing so creates what is called public policy. The simplest way to describe public policy is an
action that is taken by a government in order to address issues that they are facing. Public policy as
its name states is generated through the government process such as the legislative branch. In order
to address these issues the legislative branch enacts laws and regulations.
Law is a major aspect of public policy because it can dictate how someone is treated following a
certain sequence of events. In the criminal justice world laws can regulate how an interrogation is
done and whether or not a stop is legitimate or not. The United States constitution can be seen as
public policy because it is a set of laws that must be followed or rights that must be granted. This
was a major step when the United States separated from the British. The United States Constitution
is one of the most obvious ways that external forces such as the British affect public policy. The first
ten amendments clearly show what the United States wanted that they were not receiving when the
British ruled. The first being freedom of speech which is something that we take for granted almost
every day. We are not scared of the government if we say that we disagree with what President
Obama is doing. There are countries where those who spoke out are killed or put in prison. This
public policy was made

Welfare Policies Of The Welfare States
The welfare state is a system through which a government provides services to its citizens. These
social policies are intended to reduce poverty, inequality, and increase economic security (King,
lecture, 10/31). Welfare states are generally categorized in one of three ways: christian democratic,
liberal, or social democratic. Social democratic states are superior in that they provide the most
services, and do so fairly, resulting in a more egalitarian society.
Social democratic states provide the most services to their citizens with the goal of increasing
wellbeing for all people equally (OD, 577). Policies of social democratic states focus on universal
entitlement programs, which guarantee services for all citizens. Citizens contribute to a mandatory
social insurance program, such as social security in the United States. Nordic countries (Sweden,
Denmark, Norway) are known in particular for their success with socialist democracy.
A liberal democracy (such as the U.S.) prioritizes individual autonomy over socioeconomic ... Show
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While this ensures that all voices have an equal say, it is hard to imagine in our country given how
uninformed the voting population is. Socialist democratic welfare policies also appear to succeed in
countries with more homogenous populations. The theoretical model would require a cultural shift
in our country, away from competition that we are so used to, having to fight for success despite the
slim chances of upward mobility. It requires empathy and compassion for those less fortunate to be
firmly embedded in our culture. However, a balance between capitalism and socialism which
provides healthcare, education, perhaps even a minimum income would go a long way towards
reducing inequality, which would perhaps create a more harmonious society. Socialist democracy is
about people, not profits, and this shows in equality

United States Foreign Policy
The United States foreign or defense policy rests on the US relations with other actors outside the
US. This is unlike the other areas of government policy that greatly deal with internal issues. As
described by Patterson (2013) "the cornerstone of foreign policy is the national interest" (p. 435).
The policy that defines the way in which the US interacts with foreign nations. It defines what is
best for the nations with respect to protecting its ways and its physical security. It even sets
standards of interaction and dealings for its nationals, both citizens and organizations with foreign
nations. One of the identified foreign policies pursued by the United State government is the
national interest to maintain a strong position in the global

Domestic Policy In The United States
In this course we have discussed several topics involving the American government. In this paper I
will discuss the American domestic policy and give some details about the goals of the domestic
policy. I will explain how domestic policy affects relationships between the United States and the
other nations. In addition, I will discuss how domestic policy affects the United States strategy on
internationalism and how the media influences such decision. Finally, I will discuss why the shared
power of the three branches of the government is sometimes referred to as an invitation to struggle
about policy making for foreign affairs.
Domestic policy
The domestic policy affects everyone in the United States and has been a huge debate topic in
regards ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mass media have a prominent role to play in modern society. The use of the media can bring about
unexpected changes and improve the social situation as it impact our social, civil, cultural,
political,economic and aesthetic outlook. Modernization has transformed media into a crucial
feature of human activity. In today's society, media influence issues such as the impact of global
warming, genetic engineering, deployment of military forces, religion, government spending,
nuclear testing and environmental legislations. The rise in the media has influenced international
policy and decision within the government. It is now more critical than ever that policy planners
understand the factors that encourage negative domestic reactions. Growing international concerns
have prompted many to establish, or consider establishing postings in allied countries, and future
deployments of this type are currently being

Global Public Policy Is Made By State And Non State Actors
Global public issues such as global climate change, international financial market, illicit
international trade, cross border migration, internet governance and cyber war, nuclear proliferation,
global public drug and etc cause a need of global public policy. Basically global public policy has
been designed in order to achieve desired goals in global public challenges. Global public policy is
made by state and non–state actors. In classical political science only the states were recognized as a
significant actors in public policy and international policies were made between states( Wimmer and
Schiller,2002), while in the recent decades non–state actors play important role in global
governance(Whitman, 2009,87). For instance, UN, UNDP, UNIDO are central in the global public
sphere (Kaul 2003).
Global public policy activities take place among non state actors and intergovernmental counterpart
in global agora (Stone, 2008, 5–8).Global public policy needs to be made in global agora.
Previously, global agora was a place for social, economical, political and cultural interaction of
states and non–states members. However, today global agora is evolving with various set of
networks , global public and private partnership and multilateral initiatives global agora is managed
by business and policy elites(Stone, 2008, 10).
Global public policy aim to respond to three types of policy problems (Soroos 1991):
Firstly, transboundary problems such as money laundry, drug trafficking and

The Federal Reserve : Inflation And Employry Policy In The...
The Federal Reserve is adjusting to what some call the "new normal." After the most recent
recession the United States has experiences a slow recovery which has a notable disconnect between
inflation and unemployment. Further, banks hold high excess reserves and the Fed has a balance
sheet which includes over $1.7 trillion in mortgage backed securities (Quarterly, 2017, p.4). As such
the Fed has had to rethink its past procedures in order to maintain its dual mandate of maintaining
unemployment and price levels. While it has been a decade since this recession began the economy
is just now showing signs of strength and such the Fed is beginning a process of "normalization." To
do this the Fed's has changed its stance on monetary policy in ... Show more content on
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4). This indicates that the Fed will gradually increase the interest rate target in the coming months to
sustain growth. Through normalization the Fed is attempting to decrease its balance sheet. They will
do this by not re–investing matured securities, this decline is capped at $6 billion per month for
treasuries and for private securities $4 billion. Yellen states "[b]y limiting the volume of securities
that private investors will have to absorb as we reduce our holdings, the caps should guard against
outsized moves in interest rates and other potential market strains" (FOMC 5). The gradualist aspect
will allow the private sector to slowly adapt their expectations of the Fed and inflation. Part of
"normalization" is the anticipated increase in the target rate. To increase the interest rate the Fed
must decrease the downward pressure their ownership and reinvestment of securities and treasuries
creates. Thus the fed will increase their capped decline in their balance sheet in the coming months
to over the current $10 billion. The re–investment in the Fed's profit from matured securities is an
injection into the market. By lowering this re–investment in increments the fed will decrease the
supply of investment funds, and thus the interest rate will increase. By gradually increasing their

The United State 's Foreign Policy
J. Lee Utter
11/19/14
American Foreign Policy
Essay
What will be the biggest future challenge for American foreign policy and what should be done to
address it?
Hypothesis: The United State's foreign policy will make a shift in the coming years to focus more
intently on suppressing individual groups that use terrorism as a political strategy, rather than
focusing on specific and identifiable States as in the past. The organizations mentioned before will
be using the Internet to coordinate attacks, as well as attempt to hack US Government systems to
their advantage. As a result, cyber security and antiterrorism stand to be the biggest future
challenges for American foreign policy. In order to understand the future of foreign policy for ...
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After World War II the United States was busy containing the spread of Communism and the Soviet
Union. In recent history foreign policy has not been specifically defined with one mission like
before. The duties of the agencies that oversee foreign policy are changing constantly to best suit the
nation's needs (USHistory). In the past hundred years human society has discovered flight, put a
man on the moon, created nuclear bombs, and developed a way for anyone to access all of human
discovery using a device that fits in their pocket. Life is changing at a absurd rate. There is no telling
what the next hundred years has in store. Foreign policy needs to keep up with the changing world
and the new ideas that come with change. What will become the next big challenge for foreign
policy makers? In the past 25 years the nation has experienced numerous terrorist attacks. These
attacks are designed to put fear in the average American's hearts and minds. Citizen's safety has
been placed in the spotlight so much more now than before September 11th 2001. Although these
attacks are on domestic soil, they often begin with planning and recruiting in places all around the
world. Terrorism has just recently become an issue for America. Foreign policy needs to be tailored
to this new type of combat. Another new trend changing the world is the Internet. The Internet has
revolutionized everyone's daily lives. From a foreign policy

Directive Principles of State Policy
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
Q. 1. What are the Directive Principles of State Policy ?
Ans. The Directive Principles of State Policy are those moral principles which are fundamental in
the governance of the country. They are the instruments of instructions for the guidance of the
rulers, both at the. Centre and the State levels, for the establishment of a just ond egalitarian society
in India.
Q. 2. What is the aim of Directive Principles of State Policy ?
Ans. Their aim is to establish a welfare state in our country.
Q. 3. From which country have we borrowed these Directive Principles of State Policy? Ans. We
have borrowed these Directive Principles from Ireland which itself had borrowed them from the
Republican Constitution ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(ii) Article 38 says "The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and
protecting as effectively as it may, a social order in which justice, social, economic and political,
shall inform all the institutions of the national life." and strive in particular, to minimise the
inequalities in income and endeavour to "eliminate in equalities in status, facilities and
opportunities". (iii) Article 39 says "The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing
(a) That the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood. (b)
That the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best
to sub serve the common good. (c) That the operation of the economic system does not result in the
concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment. (d) That there is equal
pay for equal work for both men and women. (e) That the health and strength of workers, men and
women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic
necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength.
That childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material
abandonment. (iv) Article 40 lays down that "The

United States Security Policy
Introduction
Throughout the twenty–first century, the global balance of political, economic, and military power
underwent several paradigm shifts. Each of these transitions defined the security policy of the
United States and changed the course of America's grand strategy for advancing its interests and
defending its territory. At the beginning of the century, the United States tried to avoid being drawn
into two major European military conflicts yet found itself emerging victorious and relatively
composed and powerful. World War II effectively ended a multipolar world with several great
powers and replaced it with a bipolar international environment with only two superpowers. For
more than five decades, the United States faced only one true rival, the Soviet Union, which not
only mirrored the United States in military power but also opposed it ideologically, creating a high
risk of major power war. Throughout the Cold War, United States security policy had but two key ...
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The American military conducted countless humanitarian missions and forceful interventions across
the world. But as developing countries rise, the international environment quickly approaches a
more multipolar balance of power. Given this trend, some argue that America's broad and arguably
invasive security policy is unsustainable, and that military spending and foreign military operations
need to be scaled–back. Others argue that the United States has a unique and important place in the
world and must take measures to retain its leadership position, even at the cost of developing
nations. Today, analysts of United States security policy debate an important question. Should the
United States revert back to a one–dimensional security agenda with one clear objective? Moreover,
should the United States direct its attention and energy towards China, its most formidable

United States Foreign Policy
Flynn 2
Introduction
In light of the previous United States presidential elections, much emphasis has been placed upon
Americas global relationships with other nations through foreign policy. With the sizeable influence
that the United States has globally in regards to trade, economics and international treaties, a shift
within ideological belief about these aforementioned concepts will greatly change the current
stance, and future action of the American government. In theory, when looking into Republican
ideologies on trade, tariffs and treaties, a major shift away from their previous historical beliefs are
notable. Because of the large differences in foreign policy ideology between the Republican party
and Democratic party, if theory is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The small government, small business and hostile globalization economic ideology that is present
throughout the ideals of the current Republican party will lead America into an entirely new
relationship with other super powers economically. Thorough reviewing both Democratic and
Republican ideology around foreign policy, trade, the economy, and relatable international relations,
the answer to the research question can be correctly concluded.
Research has shown that "ideology is an important influence on preferences over a wide range of
issues, including free trade (Kucik et al. 2016)." "Divided Government and U.S. Trade Policy: Much
Ado About Nothing? (Karol 2000)," has asserted the notion that many scholars have looked over the
impact that party affiliation has to trade policy.
Looking into historical instances of action in regards to trade within party lines will allow one to see
past trends and likely future tendencies. Party affiliation has a major effect on
the way in which governments conduct trades, as well, how various Global agreements are

United States Immigration Policy
*The immigration policy of the United State is complex with a lot of elements to it; there is just as
many as complex laws that govern the polices. The Immigration and Nationality Act was formed in
1952 and had been amended several times over the years, however the it still is one of the basic
policy used when decisioning immigration law in the United States. The INA also places a limit on
how many immigrants can come to the United States from any one country; currently no group of
permanent immigrants from a single country can exceed sever percent of the total amount of people
immigrating to the United States in a single fiscal year. (American Immigration Council,2016) The
theory behind the immigration policies in the United State is based ... Show more content on
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In many cases individuals are label as refugees after being permitted to stay in the United States
after applying for admission. Most of these immigrants have fled due of the fear of persecution due
to their race, social clique, political officially, religion, or national origin. The admission of refugees
turns on numerous factors, such as the degree of risk they face, membership in a group that is of
special concern to the United States (designated yearly by the President of the United States and
Congress), and whether or not they have family members in the United States. (American
Immigration Council, 2016) After the events of September 11,2001, the number of approved
admissions fell due to the increase in the complexity of security checks. The Department of
Homeland Security determined the total amount of refugees' admission permitted into the United
States for 2016 was approximately 85,000. For those that individuals that reach the United Stated
before applying for refugee; there is option for them to seek out asylum within the country. The
individual must declare that they are seeking asylum at any port of entry or within one year after
arriving in the United States. Currently, the immigration policies don't limit the number of
individuals who are granted

United States Drug Policy
US Drug Policy Introduction Drug policy is a crucial topic in the country today. Substance abuse, as
well as drug–related crime rates, are a huge problem. This is a fact. The way to fix the problem of
substance abuse, however, is widely disagreed upon. Some think that stricter laws regarding drug
possession and use would solve the problem, while others believe that loosening the restrictions
would be a better option. The issue of legalizing drugs, especially marijuana, is one that is debated
all the time. In fact, in 1995, a survey was conducted on the most important policy issues and eighty
five percent of the country placed drugs at the top of the list (Falco 1996). Many states are actually
beginning to decriminalize, and even ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Boyum and Reuter 2005) Many people do not know that so much government money is going to
this, and everybody should be aware of what their government is spending their money on. Inciardi
says that this issue may be so important to people because of the media. He says that the media
portraying so much drug use brings this type of behavior to the attention of people including law
officials as well as civilians. It is sort of glamorized on television, with stories of celebrities being
sent to rehabilitation centers. (Inciardi 1999) Besides this, many people are concerned because of
the influx of hard drugs, especially heroin, to the mainstream rather than being hidden in the
poverty–stricken inner cities. In recent years, crack, cocaine, and heroin have been more prevelant
than ever, especially among the wealthy. Drugs are no longer something that only gang members
and bad guys do, everybody is doing them. (Inciardi 1999) Because it is so prevalent in pop culture
and in the news, everybody should be up to date and aware of the current drug policy in their area.
America's "War on Drugs" The term "War on Drugs" was first used by the Nixon administration in
the 1970's, but the country has been enforcing policies against drug use, possession, and distribution
since 1914, with the passing of the Harrison Act. They do this mainly through deterrence. The
government makes laws and regulations against this kind of behavior and

Monetary Policy Of The United States And. How It Plays Out
Monetary Policy in the United States and
How it Plays Out in Today's Society
By: Jessica Garrett
MBA FINC 5103: Financial Services
Oklahoma Christian University
Submitted to: Prof. Mel Stewart
April 28, 2016
Monetary Policy in the United States and
How it Plays Out in Today's Society
Introduction
Monetary policy focuses on keeping interest rates at a modest level, keeping prices steady, and
keeping unemployment low. The Federal Open Market Committee is responsible for making the
necessary monetary policy changes. These changes influence both the markets within the United
States and the markets internationally. Currently, there is a lot of volatility within the markets, and
there is a lot of speculation about if and when the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates. There is
also speculation about whether a negative interest rate would work to get the economy back on
target. Also, many worry about whether the current government debt level will continue, and with
the number of people entering retirement increasing, whether there will be enough money coming in
to cover the costs of the social programs, such as Social Security and Medicare.
Monetary Policy The main goals of monetary policy are to have modest long–term interest rates,
steady prices, and the lowest level of unemployment. The Federal Open Market Committee is
responsible for setting the goal amount of the federal funds rate, which is the rate at which banks
can

The Monetary Policy Of The United States Central Bank
The monetary policy is among the most crucial tools the United States central bank can put into use
so as to achieve the various economic objectives. The outlook of the US economy should underline
the progress that the Fed reserve has initiated towards the mentioned dual mandate which has been
put into place by the Fed reserve towards the constant dual mandate goals of employment to the
maximum in the price stability context (Steven, 2011). Over the recent times or years, the US
economy has progressed towards the outlined goals. However, in the context of the United States
monetary policy, the rate of unemployment is still at high levels while the rate of inflation is too
low. Due to the uncertainty of the US monetary policy, normalization can be determined since it is
data dependent (Axilrod, 2011). Whenever there is a shift in monetary policy, it is crucial to be
mindful of the most likely occurrences since they come alongside by certain degrees of market
turbulence and stress. Additionally, if the US monetary policy is normalized, some certain
challenges will be formed for the economies in the emerging markets (Steven, 2011). It is upon the
Federal Reserve therefore to address the risks that come with the US monetary policies.
There are therefore key factors that have an influence on the amount of money that people hold
desirably. One of them is consumer spending which is related directly to the demand of goods and
services. During the periods whereby customers spend a

Current Economic Conditions: the Role of Fiscal and...
Current Economic Conditions: The Role of Fiscal and Monetary Policies In the United States July
25th, 2012 Over the past ten years, we have seen a weary world with uncertain economic turns with
more downswings than upswings. Some might say the worst affected economies have been the once
invincible super–powers of the western world such as Western Europe and the United States. The
ongoing uncertainties of the Euro as well as numerous bailouts have caused more speculation and
fewer expectations. Critics argue that with proper policies and regulations the financial meltdown
could have been assessed more efficiently or altogether prevented. The realization of uncontrollable
powers such as political environments, foreign economies, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Governments may not be able to control foreign or internal economic shocks, but they can ease and
regulate through their fiscal spending, tax policies, and monetary policies. Fiscal stimulus such as
tax cuts or spending hikes by the government are intended to close the recessionary gap that we are
experiencing and bring the economy to a full employment GDP. Keynes believed that the way to get
out of a recession was obvious and it was to get someone to spend more on goods and services
(Schiller). Even if it is the apparent way to help a recession, people are not going to go spend when
their jobs are at risk. The policy constraint of expectations plays a huge role in the future of the
economy. We have seen this because the unemployment rate is still around the same percentage as it
was four years ago. The process is a cycle; if unemployment is low then so are GDP, production,
and income even if interest rates are low and the government cutting taxes. No matter how much the
government reassures the public, the change will not be instantaneous and it will take time to
recover. To add to all of these factors, we must also look at tax policies. We have seen in the past tax
incentives stimulate growth through saving, investment, and work; however, deciding the best
approach will be debated by economists and politicians. Two views for tax incentives are the
supply–side theory and the Keynesian theory. Both of these theories end up

The United States And Foreign Policies
Durning 1913 and 1916 Woodrow Wilsons domestic and foreign policies weren 't both equally
successful but both were successful. AlthoughWilson had primarily been elected to reform national
politics and initiate new progressive policies in Washington, he spent the majority of his time as
President dealing with foreign policy rather than domestic. Wilson 's predecessors, including
McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, and Taft, had viewed the United States as an emerging power that
needed to extend its influence throughout the world in order to serve national interests. This
imperialist policy was justified by the commonly held belief that it was America 's duty as a
Christian republic to spread democracy throughout the world. These three Presidents significantly
expanded America 's influence abroad with the annexation of colonies throughout the world, such as
the Philippines and Cuba. First, Wilson however, abandoned this imperialist policy and brought to
the White House a new way of looking at America 's relations with the outside world. Even though
he too believed that the United States was the most politically enlightened nation under God, he felt
that all peoples throughout the world had the right to self–determination–that the people in every
country should have the right to choose their own governments. Wilson, along with his Secretary of
State Bryan, felt that it was America 's duty to protect democracy and free peoples in other countries
rather than to spread it

Prioritizing Policy On A State Government Essay
Name
Course
Tutor
Date
Prioritizing Policy Issues in a State Government
Since the great recession, most economies the US economy has gone five years without full
recovery. The labor market and incomes of low–and middle class was severely affected, which later
dented the growth of the economy. Nonetheless and somehow surprising, the recession was as a
result of a shortfall in household economies and demand for goods and services, which would be
solvable to avert such a situation
Arguably the best summary measure to define today's economy is the "jobs gap"–the number of jobs
necessary to restore prerecession labor market health. Filling the jobs gap would take more than
three years of annual economic growth averaging at least 5 percent–growth rates that will not
materialize without an abrupt change in fiscal policy. If the average monthly gains of 181,000 jobs
throughout 2012 persist, this jobs gap would not close until 2019. In short, five years after the onset
of the Great Recession, full economic recovery still remains years and years away.
Unemployment is another symptom of the Great Recession. Here, unemployment stood at 7.8
percent in December 2012, more than three percentage points higher than the 4.6 percent average of
2006 and 2007. That is also higher than the peak unemployment rate following the recession of
2001, and equal to the peak rate following the recession of 1990–1991. Due this, increasing
attention has been paid to those states that, despite the urban

The Central Banking Authority Of The United States And Is...
The Federal Reserve is the central banking authority of the United States and is responsible for
regulating monetary policy. The Federal Reserve's main goal is to focus on price stability when
creating monetary policies. Along with this, they must also keep in mind high employment and
output stability, economic growth, stability of financial markets, interest–rate stability and stability
in foreign exchange markets. They do this with the intention to help the economy as a whole, not
one specific sector. Unfortunately, it is difficult to do all this for the entire economy with money
constantly changing hands. These results of the redistribution of money are known as redistributive
consequences of monetary policy. These consequences can be seen throughout many different parts
of monetary policies, and some are even significant enough that policy makers have started taking
them into account when debating monetary policy. Makoto Nakajima talks about the redistributive
consequences of monetary policy in his article in the business review of the Federal Reserve Bank
of Philadelphia. He states that redistributive consequences may have small or rather large impacts
on the overall economy. When the economy is doing well, small, conventional monetary policy is
used because the economy does not need to be changed as much. This results in less important
redistributive consequences that are not big enough to be taken into account when making policy
changes (Nakajima pg. 9). The opposite

United States And Foreign Policy
United States (US) interference of foreign policy is a complex and much debated issue in the United
States. The major topics to be evaluated include the benefits and costs in the areas of national
security, humanitarian causes, trade, alliance, and economic impacts. Additional concerns involve
the loss of human life and the animosity generated toward the US when the country decides to
provide aid to another. US interference can have positive and negative effects if acted upon by
interceding in foreign affairs. The United States should not be allowed to intercede in foreign affairs
unless the US is trying to promote and preserve peace. US interference consists of preserving
national security, promoting world peace and a secure global environment, maintaining a balance of
power among nations, working with allies to solve international problems, promoting democratic
values and human rights, and furthering cooperative foreign trade and global involvement in
international trade organizations (ushistory, 2013). One way the United States can secure the
national security is by protecting the borders from terrorists, instead of spending money for foreign
wars. The US should invest money to secure the border. Securing the border would require fewer
troops and would utilize unmanned surveillance technology called the Predator B drone, which costs
$3,234 per hour to operate (Isacson, 2014). If the US would secure the borders, would provide a
boost to the economy, employment would

United States Government Policy Analysis
The role of the United States government has increased to detrimental levels over the last century.
Our nation is currently over 18 trillion dollars in debt and this number continues to grow everyday.
Social programs are leading our nation's people under a constraining weight of debt and forced
dependency on the government. Our government needs to refocus on serving the people instead of
enslaving them. Adam Smith, an eighteenth–century Scottish moral philosopher said "the ideal
functions of the government are few and well defined." (Lipford, Slice, 2007) Smith named three
important functions, national defense, administration of justice, and the provision of public goods.
One of the largest reasons our country is in so much debt is from government expansion to include
many socialistic programs. Many of these programs were started by President Franklin D. Roosevelt
between 1933 and 1938 in response to the great depression of 1929, and are still in ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Going trillions of dollars in debt and having social programs, (that most americans are basically
forced into applying for) that may be bankrupt by the time individuals need to utilize them is not
serving its people. It's putting the people in a limbo of not knowing what to do, the government
making it almost impossible to be independent, but having unreliable sources of federal health
insurance, is making it harder for the nation to trust its government. The government is going in a
downward spiral, and it's up to the people to look at the facts, and make a decision to change the
fate of our nation. The best thing we can do for ourselves is educate us, and future generations,
because the more knowledge we gain, the more power the people have. Then we, our nation, can
come together and stand up to the misuse of power in our

United States Foreign Policy During The Cold War
All of the stands and actions that a nation takes in from its relationships with other countries is
foreign policy. It involves treaties, alliances, trade, defense budget, foreign economic and military
aid, United Nations, nuclear weapon testing and negotiations. Foreign policy has great other matters
to, but the basic purpose of this policy has always been for it to protect the security of the United
States as whole. From the start of Foreign Policy to 150 years later, this policy was built largely
around the policy of isolationism. This policy or in other words, doctrine, isolated a country from
the affairs of other nations by declining alliance entrance, economic commitment, and international
agreements. Foreign policy has provided countries ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The war lasted longer than three years. "It pitted the United Nations Command, largely made up of
American and South Korean forces, against Soviet–trained and Soviet–equipped North Korean and
communist Chinese troops" (McClenaghan 487). Even after Cease–fire negotiations beginning in
July 1951, fighting continued "until an armistice was signed on July 27th, 1953" (McClenaghan
487). Peace terms were never agreed on. This long, bitter war with Korea put the United States in
157,530 causality debt, including 20 billion dollars in debt, and 33,629 war fighters dead. Korea on
the other hand was in much destruction in both the North and

Monetary Policy in the United States Essay
Monetary Policy in the United States
1. Identify at least three problems facing the FED in achieving its goals of monetary policy and give
your recommendations on how to deal with each of the problems you list.
Inflation presents a problem for the FED achieving it's goal of price stability. Inflation is
unavoidable as far as the natural progression of an economy is concerned. Supply and demand also
affect inflation. While the FED cannot control supply and demand of a product, I would suggest that
they try to control price stability by creating regulations of what a company can charge related to the
supply and value of a product. A high unemployment rate negatively affects the FED's goal of a high
employment rate. The employment rate is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. Explain how changes in reserve requirements and the discount rate affect the operations of banks
and other depository institutions.
Changes in reserve requirements and the discount rate affect the operations of banks and other
depository institutions by changing the amount of actual funding that they have available to them. If
they are required to hold more actual money, they may have less financial instruments such as gold
to back up the value of the money. If the discount rate fluctuates, banks may have to adjust interest
rates on their loans to compensate for the money they are gaining or losing.
4. Explain why the FED cannot set intermediate targets in terms of both monetary aggregates and
interest rates.
The FED can only pursue one target at any given time. For example, if they are targeting interest
rates, exchange rates will fluctuate and vice versa. The FED's influence over real interest rates is
weaker than that of nominal interest rates and stabilizing the economy is more important than
stabilizing interest rates.
5. Update the case information by using at least two (2) data sources in addition to the text.
Modern monetary policy does not involve gold as much as it used to in the past. In 1968, the United
States reneged on it's guarantee to pay in gold and effectively removed itself

The Importance Of Foreign Policy In The United States
Foreign Policy is an issue that affects most, if not all, of the people in the United States of America
today. Foreign policy, for us, mainly consists of three things in our country. We work with our allies,
we help those who share the same values that we hold dear to us, and we fight against terror,
tyranny, and hatred among other countries, and even internally within our own. Many people have
different ideas of what foreign policy is, but many can agree about the three listed above. Although,
many can also agree that our ideology and our actions can be very separate from each other.
Sometimes we say we do one thing, and do another thing that can be the polar opposite from the 3
values listed above,
Foreign policy affects us all, as American citizens, because every action we take with a country
other than ourselves can make or break our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Americans have the right to vote on laws that pertain to any aspect of our country's well being and
decisions. We as voters should be making the best decisions we can to make our country the best it
can be and pave the superior path for our children, because this issue affects them just as much, if
not more, than it affects us. Foreign policy decisions often have long–lasting consequences. Even
more often, the people making those decisions won't live long enough to experience the full effects
of them. We most likely will. We will have to pay in the future for the decisions being made today..
We are already paying through taxes for the actions of generations before us. The costs of the war in
Iraq is a big factor in our national debt, and national debt and interest payments are rapidly
increasing because of this war and many others we take part in. The consequences for these
decisions are also hard to reverse, and our children will probably be suffering still from the
decisions that the generation befor us has

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