The document summarizes the key steps towards independence in India, beginning with the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms which established elected assemblies but kept key powers with the viceroy. It discusses Jinnah's Fourteen Points demanding protections for Muslims, and the Round Table Conferences where leaders failed to agree on power sharing. The Government of India Act of 1935 established a federal system and provincial assemblies with the goal of full dominion status and self-governance in the future.

1. THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE
ABDUHU KHAN
7-A
30-10-15

2. INTRODUCTION
When the First World War took place
from 1914-18, the Muslim soldiers
were fighting against the Turks.
Muslims who were in the Indian
soldiers suffered many terrible things
so Lloyd George who was the British
Prime Minister promised with the
Indian people to rule on their own
people which leads to self-governance
but he did not say when he would do.

3. INTRODUCTION

4. THE MONTAGUE-CHELMSFORD REFORMS
 These reforms were basically the third major steps
towards independence. It listed some reforms as
follows:-
 A central assembly was to be set up for India, with 144
members of whom 103 were to be elected by the people
 The assembly could make laws but the viceroy could,
under certain circumstances, veto(forbid) them.
 All provinces would have mainly elected assemblies to
run health, local government, agriculture, education, and
transport. Defence , foreign affairs, police, and the
budget were still to be the responsibility of the viceroy
and his council.
 There were to be two or three Indian members of the
viceroy’s close inner cabinet.

5. THE FOURTEEN POINTS
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah said that the essential parts for
the Muslims include the Fourteen points from which
some of them are listed below:
 The government of India must be a federal one i.e. a
central assembly for issues which affected the whole of
the subcontinent , and provincial assembly for regional
affairs.
 There must be separate electoral rolls for minorities, and
Muslims must have at least one third of the seats in the
central assembly.
 There must be freedom of religion, education, language
and customs for everyone.
 Muslims and other minorities must have a fair share of
senior offices in both central and provincial
governments.

6. ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES
 Round Table Conferences were organized by
British government in London from 1930-32. In the
first Round table conference Mr. Gandhi didn’t
come and MA Jinnah came and attended the
Conference and discussed about the Muslim
people. But in the second conference Mr. Gandhi
came and talked about Hindu Majority Rule. But in
the third conference none of the leaders came. In
1932 British Government proposed the Communal
award which explained that the Muslims would get
one-third of the seats on any Central Legislative
Assembly. But the Hindus became violent and their
was violence all over the subcontinent.

7. THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935
 Now in this act Britain decided to solve the problem
which led to independence of India. The solution
was the Government of India Act which was passed
in 1935. It stated the following points:-
 India should become a self-governing dominion as
soon as possible.
 It should have a federal system- a central
government for the whole of the subcontinent with
provincial assemblies for different regions.
 There would be eleven provinces, with Sindh ,
Bombay, and Orissa being separate provinces.

8.  Ministers in the viceroy’s cabinet, the real
powerhouse of government, would be responsible
to the mainly elected Central Legislative Assembly.
 Except for defence and foreign affairs, everything
would be in the hands of the provincial assemblies.
 Full dominion status, with all powers in the hands of
the people of the subcontinent, would come in the
near future.

9. THE END……….