Cemeteries were the first urban parks in the US in the early 19th century as church graveyards filled up. Mount Auburn Cemetery in Massachusetts set a trend of "rural cemeteries" on city outskirts that provided green space. However, as attitudes toward death changed and dedicated city parks emerged, cemeteries fell out of favor. Now, facing space constraints and fewer burials as cremation rises, cemeteries like Green-Wood in Brooklyn are reopening their gates and embracing public uses like yoga, movies, and music to stay relevant in their communities.

1. Based on the American Forests (2014)
article by Tate Williams,
and my own experience
THE REVIVAL OF AMERICA’S
FIRST URBAN PARKS
http://www.americanforests.org/magazine/article/in-the-garden-cemetery-the-revival-of-americas-first-urban-parks/

2. IN THE 1820S, AMERICA’S CITIES HAD A PROBLEM:
• People kept dying, and church burial grounds were filling up.
• A group of horticulturists in Massachusetts had a solution and, in 1831,
Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge became the first modern cemetery.
• Other cities began to follow suit, dedicating rolling, scenic tracts of land on
the outskirts of town to honor the deceased.
• This “rural cemetery,” or “garden cemetery,” movement not only
temporarily solved the problem of where to put the dead, but it also gave
us the nation’s very first parks.
• BUT, over the decades, cemeteries fell out of vogue as cultural centers, but
their fall from favor was not to be permanent. Today, the practice of using
cemeteries for outdoor recreation is bubbling up once more, as urban
dwellers seek out nature in the city.
THE PROBLEM

3. “Mount Auburn Cemetery” by Thomas
Chambers; Courtesy of National Gallery of Art

4. • Early rural cemeteries were largely inspired by the Victorian style gardens of
Europe
• It was the cemeteries’ success that inspired the competition that edged them
out — city parks.
• Early cemetery topography, with its rolling hills and gently curving paths, also
highly influenced the first large city parks designed in the mid-19th century. As
urban destinations like Central Park and Prospect Park became more popular,
they edged their forerunners out.
• The time was ripe for these parks’ rise over the cemeteries.
EARLY PUBLIC PARKS

6. Attitudes toward death were shifting.
• In the Victorian Era, high mortality rates,
especially among children, had meant that
mourning and death were very much a
common presence in peoples’ lives.
• That culture, with its romanticized poems,
songs and rituals surrounding death and
mourning, had contributed to the elaborate
rural cemeteries and their popularity.
But the cemeteries haven’t gone anywhere.
After a generation of gated, astonishing
landscapes lying comfortably in the hearts
of major American cities, they’re ready for
their comeback!
ATTITUDES TOWARD DEATH

7. If you had walked up to the entrance of Green- Wood Cemetery in
Brooklyn as recently as the 1990s, unless you were there to leave flowers
with a loved one, you were more or less turned away, says cemetery
president Richard Moylan.
“We realized that that could be the end of us,” says Moylan, in light of the
increasing number of people opting for alternative arrangements like
cremation. “Because as we bury less, people will visit their loved ones less.
They might visit their parents a few times year, but are they going to visit
their grandparents or their great grandparents?” he asks. “So, that’s when
we started welcoming people in.”
REOPENING THE GATES

8. PEOPLE IN THE CEMETERY
Enjoying some fresh air at Oakland Cemetery’s
Sunday in the Park Festival in Atlanta; Credit:
Krista Turner Photography

9. Performance of “Angels and Accordions” at Green-
Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn; Credit: Michael Dolan

10. Now, you’re not only invited to tour the grounds, you can also sign up for
yoga classes or gather in the historic chapel to watch old movies and drink a
hot toddy.
Green-Wood is one of many cemeteries embracing more public use. While a
lot of the old cemeteries are still selling plots and burying the deceased,
even those with healthy endowments are increasingly aware that their days as
just a cemetery are numbered. Not only are cremation and other
arrangements increasing in popularity, but cemeteries eventually begin to
run out of space. Public use can mean the difference between succumbing
to degradation and becoming a thriving part of the community.
EMBRACING MORE PUBLIC USE

11. Atlanta band Mermaids plays at Oakland Cemetery’s “Tunes From the
Tombs” event. Credit: Nickmicholas/Flickr

12. Lantern lighting festival at Spring Grove Cemetery and
Arboretum; Credit: Mark Dumont

13. Debby DeVries Renna
Photo Credit: Debby DeVries Renna

14. Photo Credit: Debby DeVries Renna

15. Photo Credit to Chris Beasley

16. After reviewing this presentation, go back
to review your first reflection.
How are your thoughts changing about
what we can do in historic cemeteries?
YOUR EXPERIENCE