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Analyzing Gravestone Motifs:
Changing Attitude Towards Death
Plain Style Motif*
• Time Period: 1640-
1710
• Attitude: “resignation”
• Characteristics: name,
date, little or no
decoration
• Reason: few tools,
skills or money
* a decorative design or pattern
Death’s Head Motif
• Time Period: 1670-1770
• Attitude: “fear” and
“religious reverence”
• Characteristics: human
skull, wings, name, dates
• Reason: In New England
the Puritan religion was
popular and emphasized
a fear of death that
focused on the
deceased’s chances of
getting into heaven
Cherub Motif
• Time Period: 1740-1820
• Attitude: “confidence”
• Characteristics: human
face, wings, name,
dates
• Reason: Between c.
1735-1750 the Great
Awakening (a religious
revival) changed
attitudes towards death
from the grim Death’s
Head to the more
optimistic, angelic
cherub
Urn and Willow Motif
• Time Period: 1780-
1850
• Attitude: “mourning”
• Characteristics:
drooping tree, urn,
name, dates
• Reason: Sorrow for
the death of a person
Monuments
• Time Period: 1840-1920
• Attitude: “defiance” and
“wealth”
• Characteristics: large
shapes, statues,
sculptures, columns or
crosses,
accomplishments,
names, dates
• Reason: To remind us,
not of a person’s death,
but of their past life
Garden Style Markers
• Time Period: 1900-
Present
• Attitude: “denial”
• Characteristics: small,
flat, name, dates, little
or no decoration
• Reason: Does not draw
attention to the dead;
cemeteries resemble
gardens or parks, not
burial grounds
Highgate Cemetery

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Cemetery Motif

  • 1. Analyzing Gravestone Motifs: Changing Attitude Towards Death
  • 2. Plain Style Motif* • Time Period: 1640- 1710 • Attitude: “resignation” • Characteristics: name, date, little or no decoration • Reason: few tools, skills or money * a decorative design or pattern
  • 3. Death’s Head Motif • Time Period: 1670-1770 • Attitude: “fear” and “religious reverence” • Characteristics: human skull, wings, name, dates • Reason: In New England the Puritan religion was popular and emphasized a fear of death that focused on the deceased’s chances of getting into heaven
  • 4. Cherub Motif • Time Period: 1740-1820 • Attitude: “confidence” • Characteristics: human face, wings, name, dates • Reason: Between c. 1735-1750 the Great Awakening (a religious revival) changed attitudes towards death from the grim Death’s Head to the more optimistic, angelic cherub
  • 5. Urn and Willow Motif • Time Period: 1780- 1850 • Attitude: “mourning” • Characteristics: drooping tree, urn, name, dates • Reason: Sorrow for the death of a person
  • 6. Monuments • Time Period: 1840-1920 • Attitude: “defiance” and “wealth” • Characteristics: large shapes, statues, sculptures, columns or crosses, accomplishments, names, dates • Reason: To remind us, not of a person’s death, but of their past life
  • 7. Garden Style Markers • Time Period: 1900- Present • Attitude: “denial” • Characteristics: small, flat, name, dates, little or no decoration • Reason: Does not draw attention to the dead; cemeteries resemble gardens or parks, not burial grounds