This document provides information about a student named Tony for his 4th hour class. It includes details about his favorite colors, foods, family, friends, hobbies, movies, games, songs, sports and things he likes and dislikes. Tony enjoys activities like fishing, hunting and swimming and would like to meet an NBA player or buy a castle if he could have his favorite day.
Este documento fornece receitas de sobremesas para a Semana das Sobremesas, com foco em sobremesas à base de morango. As receitas incluem cucas, tortas, mousses, pavês e outros doces com ingredientes como morango, chocolate, creme de leite e outros. Ao todo, são fornecidas mais de 50 receitas de sobremesas variadas.
1. Consumer behavior is the study of how individuals, groups and organizations select, buy, use and dispose of goods, services, ideas or experiences to satisfy their needs and wants.
2. A consumer's buying behavior is influenced by cultural, social and personal factors.
3. Morale and welfare is not an important influence on consumer buying behavior.
HTML 5 and CSS 3 are the next generations of markup languages that will enhance the capabilities of the web. HTML 5 introduces new semantic tags that improve accessibility and structure, while CSS 3 adds features like rounded corners, drop shadows, gradients, columns, animations and 3D transformations. These technologies allow rich interfaces to be created without plugins, improve support for mobile devices, and provide new programming interfaces. While not fully supported yet, HTML 5 and CSS 3 will make the web interface more powerful and on par with native applications.
This document discusses two types of interiors - yacht interiors and airline interiors. Yacht interiors involve designing living spaces on luxury boats while considering factors like luxury, comfort and aesthetics. Airline interiors focus on designing passenger cabins on commercial airplanes to maximize passenger comfort and capacity while meeting various safety regulations.
The document provides a table of contents and introduction for a cookbook titled "20 Fresh, Light & Quick Dinners" published by Health-E-Meals.com. The table of contents lists 24 recipes ranging from appetizers to main dishes to soups/stews. The introduction provides background on Health-E-Meals.com and defines their approach to "healthy" recipes. It also provides publishing details and contact information for the author.
This document provides information about a student named Tony for his 4th hour class. It includes details about his favorite colors, foods, family, friends, hobbies, movies, games, songs, sports and things he likes and dislikes. Tony enjoys activities like fishing, hunting and swimming and would like to meet an NBA player or buy a castle if he could have his favorite day.
Este documento fornece receitas de sobremesas para a Semana das Sobremesas, com foco em sobremesas à base de morango. As receitas incluem cucas, tortas, mousses, pavês e outros doces com ingredientes como morango, chocolate, creme de leite e outros. Ao todo, são fornecidas mais de 50 receitas de sobremesas variadas.
1. Consumer behavior is the study of how individuals, groups and organizations select, buy, use and dispose of goods, services, ideas or experiences to satisfy their needs and wants.
2. A consumer's buying behavior is influenced by cultural, social and personal factors.
3. Morale and welfare is not an important influence on consumer buying behavior.
HTML 5 and CSS 3 are the next generations of markup languages that will enhance the capabilities of the web. HTML 5 introduces new semantic tags that improve accessibility and structure, while CSS 3 adds features like rounded corners, drop shadows, gradients, columns, animations and 3D transformations. These technologies allow rich interfaces to be created without plugins, improve support for mobile devices, and provide new programming interfaces. While not fully supported yet, HTML 5 and CSS 3 will make the web interface more powerful and on par with native applications.
This document discusses two types of interiors - yacht interiors and airline interiors. Yacht interiors involve designing living spaces on luxury boats while considering factors like luxury, comfort and aesthetics. Airline interiors focus on designing passenger cabins on commercial airplanes to maximize passenger comfort and capacity while meeting various safety regulations.
The document provides a table of contents and introduction for a cookbook titled "20 Fresh, Light & Quick Dinners" published by Health-E-Meals.com. The table of contents lists 24 recipes ranging from appetizers to main dishes to soups/stews. The introduction provides background on Health-E-Meals.com and defines their approach to "healthy" recipes. It also provides publishing details and contact information for the author.
A empresa anunciou um novo produto que combina hardware e software para fornecer uma solução completa para clientes. O produto oferece recursos avançados de inteligência artificial e aprendizado de máquina para ajudar os usuários a automatizar tarefas complexas. Analistas acreditam que o produto pode ser um sucesso comercial se for fácil de usar e tiver um preço acessível.
The document is a table of contents for recipes that use plum or plum oil. It lists ingredients for muffins, tarts, cakes, salads, soups and other dishes. The recipes provided focus on using plum, plum oil or plum seed oil in different ways such as in dressings, toppings or as a flavoring agent. The document suggests various ways plum products can be incorporated into both sweet and savory dishes.
1) The S.T.R.E.T.C.H Camp was a 1-day health camp organized by the Health Promotion Centre for 30 students from SM SayyidinaHasan.
2) The camp aimed to train students to run health clubs through team-building activities and lessons on nutrition, dental health, and anti-tobacco.
3) Activities included team cheers, a food pyramid game, a dental maze, an anti-tobacco pledge, building a healthy tower, and a health relay race.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang Nabi Muhammad SAW, termasuk tanggal kelahirannya, ayah dan ibunya, serta cara merayakan Maulid Nabi secara Islami seperti mengadakan forum keagamaan dan membaca Al-Quran. Dokumen tersebut juga membahas larangan merayakan Maulid secara berlebihan yang dapat mengarah pada bid'ah.
Este álbum de fotografías contiene imágenes tomadas por WinuE. Las fotos capturan momentos y lugares de interés como paisajes naturales, edificios históricos y retratos de personas. El álbum ofrece una colección variada de tomas que muestran diferentes aspectos de la vida y el mundo.
Change management is the process of managing the human aspect of business changes to effectively implement changes within a company's social structure. It works to translate business changes into reality in a sustainable way, helps individuals understand what changes mean for them, and uses creativity to reduce uncertainty when ambiguity exists. An effective change practitioner clarifies intentions, tests courage, uses both logical and creative thinking, manages perceptions of weirdness, and reduces anxiety.
Lasers were invented in 1960 by the United States government for experiments as a defense against nuclear missiles. Now lasers are used to identify targets but also have many applications in engineering, communications, medicine, and the arts. Lasers amplify and produce intense, directional beams of pure colored light and can be solid state, gas, semiconductor, or liquid. They have advantages such as precision and focus but also disadvantages such as safety issues.
Retail - conceptual design for interiorsAggi Designs
Some examples of our conceptual design briefs received from architects, interior designers and developers.
Using hand sketching and architectural perspectives to not only win commissions for these parties but also to enable a client to see a finished product.
A document was found at 10 degrees north latitude and 2 degrees west longitude, which is located in a city in Washington state with a population of approximately 50,000 people.
Corporate concept design for office fitouts, government offices and moreAggi Designs
Some examples of our conceptual design briefs received from architects, interior designers and developers.
Using hand sketching and architectural perspectives to not only win commissions for these parties but also to enable a client to see a finished product.
Cognitive theory is based on how the brain learns and processes information, as a reaction to behaviorism. It posits that people are not just programmed by their environment. Key figures who developed aspects of cognitive theory include Piaget, Bloom, Gardner, and Paivio. Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development outlined four stages from sensorimotor to formal operations. Bloom's taxonomy categorized six levels of cognitive skills. Gardner proposed eight multiple intelligences. Dual coding theory, developed by Paivio, asserted that both images and language are important for learning. Cognitive theory informs how teachers can engage students and scaffold new skills from simple to complex. It also supports strategies for exceptional education students.
A empresa de tecnologia anunciou um novo sistema operacional para computadores pessoais. O novo sistema operacional terá recursos aprimorados de segurança e privacidade para proteger os usuários. Além disso, o sistema operacional terá uma interface simplificada e intuitiva para tornar a experiência do usuário mais fácil e agradável.
The company aims to provide high quality products and excellent customer service. It strives to treat all customers and employees with respect. The goal is for customers to feel valued and want to keep coming back.
Luxury and High End Residential conceptual design and briefsAggi Designs
Some examples of our conceptual design briefs received from architects, interior designers and developers.
Using hand sketching and architectural perspectives to not only win commissions for these parties but also to enable a client to see a finished product.
Remembering the forgotten graves of ypsilanti’s native peoplessabsalom
The document summarizes the history of Native American peoples who originally inhabited the land around Ypsilanti, Michigan. It describes how their graves were built over or forgotten. It then discusses efforts to memorialize the Native American history and culture through various art installations along the Huron River paying tribute to creation myths and burial sites. It emphasizes that while cultures change over time, the intangible aspects like stories and traditions continue to be practiced by contemporary Native American groups in the area.
The revival of americas first urban parksSharon Pajka
Cemeteries were the first urban parks in the US in the early 19th century as church graveyards filled up. Mount Auburn Cemetery in Massachusetts set a trend of "rural cemeteries" on city outskirts that provided green space. However, as attitudes toward death changed and dedicated city parks emerged, cemeteries fell out of favor. Now, facing space constraints and fewer burials as cremation rises, cemeteries like Green-Wood in Brooklyn are reopening their gates and embracing public uses like yoga, movies, and music to stay relevant in their communities.
A empresa anunciou um novo produto que combina hardware e software para fornecer uma solução completa para clientes. O produto oferece recursos avançados de inteligência artificial e aprendizado de máquina para ajudar os usuários a automatizar tarefas complexas. Analistas acreditam que o produto pode ser um sucesso comercial se for fácil de usar e tiver um preço acessível.
The document is a table of contents for recipes that use plum or plum oil. It lists ingredients for muffins, tarts, cakes, salads, soups and other dishes. The recipes provided focus on using plum, plum oil or plum seed oil in different ways such as in dressings, toppings or as a flavoring agent. The document suggests various ways plum products can be incorporated into both sweet and savory dishes.
1) The S.T.R.E.T.C.H Camp was a 1-day health camp organized by the Health Promotion Centre for 30 students from SM SayyidinaHasan.
2) The camp aimed to train students to run health clubs through team-building activities and lessons on nutrition, dental health, and anti-tobacco.
3) Activities included team cheers, a food pyramid game, a dental maze, an anti-tobacco pledge, building a healthy tower, and a health relay race.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang Nabi Muhammad SAW, termasuk tanggal kelahirannya, ayah dan ibunya, serta cara merayakan Maulid Nabi secara Islami seperti mengadakan forum keagamaan dan membaca Al-Quran. Dokumen tersebut juga membahas larangan merayakan Maulid secara berlebihan yang dapat mengarah pada bid'ah.
Este álbum de fotografías contiene imágenes tomadas por WinuE. Las fotos capturan momentos y lugares de interés como paisajes naturales, edificios históricos y retratos de personas. El álbum ofrece una colección variada de tomas que muestran diferentes aspectos de la vida y el mundo.
Change management is the process of managing the human aspect of business changes to effectively implement changes within a company's social structure. It works to translate business changes into reality in a sustainable way, helps individuals understand what changes mean for them, and uses creativity to reduce uncertainty when ambiguity exists. An effective change practitioner clarifies intentions, tests courage, uses both logical and creative thinking, manages perceptions of weirdness, and reduces anxiety.
Lasers were invented in 1960 by the United States government for experiments as a defense against nuclear missiles. Now lasers are used to identify targets but also have many applications in engineering, communications, medicine, and the arts. Lasers amplify and produce intense, directional beams of pure colored light and can be solid state, gas, semiconductor, or liquid. They have advantages such as precision and focus but also disadvantages such as safety issues.
Retail - conceptual design for interiorsAggi Designs
Some examples of our conceptual design briefs received from architects, interior designers and developers.
Using hand sketching and architectural perspectives to not only win commissions for these parties but also to enable a client to see a finished product.
A document was found at 10 degrees north latitude and 2 degrees west longitude, which is located in a city in Washington state with a population of approximately 50,000 people.
Corporate concept design for office fitouts, government offices and moreAggi Designs
Some examples of our conceptual design briefs received from architects, interior designers and developers.
Using hand sketching and architectural perspectives to not only win commissions for these parties but also to enable a client to see a finished product.
Cognitive theory is based on how the brain learns and processes information, as a reaction to behaviorism. It posits that people are not just programmed by their environment. Key figures who developed aspects of cognitive theory include Piaget, Bloom, Gardner, and Paivio. Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development outlined four stages from sensorimotor to formal operations. Bloom's taxonomy categorized six levels of cognitive skills. Gardner proposed eight multiple intelligences. Dual coding theory, developed by Paivio, asserted that both images and language are important for learning. Cognitive theory informs how teachers can engage students and scaffold new skills from simple to complex. It also supports strategies for exceptional education students.
A empresa de tecnologia anunciou um novo sistema operacional para computadores pessoais. O novo sistema operacional terá recursos aprimorados de segurança e privacidade para proteger os usuários. Além disso, o sistema operacional terá uma interface simplificada e intuitiva para tornar a experiência do usuário mais fácil e agradável.
The company aims to provide high quality products and excellent customer service. It strives to treat all customers and employees with respect. The goal is for customers to feel valued and want to keep coming back.
Luxury and High End Residential conceptual design and briefsAggi Designs
Some examples of our conceptual design briefs received from architects, interior designers and developers.
Using hand sketching and architectural perspectives to not only win commissions for these parties but also to enable a client to see a finished product.
Remembering the forgotten graves of ypsilanti’s native peoplessabsalom
The document summarizes the history of Native American peoples who originally inhabited the land around Ypsilanti, Michigan. It describes how their graves were built over or forgotten. It then discusses efforts to memorialize the Native American history and culture through various art installations along the Huron River paying tribute to creation myths and burial sites. It emphasizes that while cultures change over time, the intangible aspects like stories and traditions continue to be practiced by contemporary Native American groups in the area.
The revival of americas first urban parksSharon Pajka
Cemeteries were the first urban parks in the US in the early 19th century as church graveyards filled up. Mount Auburn Cemetery in Massachusetts set a trend of "rural cemeteries" on city outskirts that provided green space. However, as attitudes toward death changed and dedicated city parks emerged, cemeteries fell out of favor. Now, facing space constraints and fewer burials as cremation rises, cemeteries like Green-Wood in Brooklyn are reopening their gates and embracing public uses like yoga, movies, and music to stay relevant in their communities.
This is the presentation I delivered at a GPR Conference in St. Augustine in June 2009. It details the development of St. Augustine’s oldest-visible cemetery and discusses current obstacles to its survival. This is the presentation notes.
This project aims to produce a collaborative archaeological study of Serpent Mound through both oral histories from the descendant Eastern Shawnee community and traditional archaeological methods. The project will update understandings of Serpent Mound by involving the Eastern Shawnee in archaeological work and creating a revamped museum and website to make information publicly accessible. The final products will better express the site's significance to both the public and Eastern Shawnee people.
This document summarizes a research paper about the struggle between urban development and preserving pioneer cemeteries in Los Angeles County. It discusses two pioneer cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery in Boyle Heights and El Monte Cemetery Pioneer Cemetery in Rosemead, that have faced encroachment from development. The document argues that pioneer cemeteries provide important cultural, social, and historic value as repositories of local history. They preserve the stories of ordinary citizens who contributed to the development of Los Angeles but have been excluded from the historical record. The document asserts that urban planning should strive to balance development with preserving these cultural landscapes and the histories they represent.
The document discusses holy wells in Ireland. Holy wells are springs or wells associated with saints that are believed to have healing properties. There are estimated to be over 2,900 holy wells documented in Ireland. People would visit holy wells on saints' feast days to seek cures, leave tokens or offerings, and engage in rituals like circling the well. While some holy wells may have origins in pre-Christian pagan sites, most are now associated with Christian saints. The document examines debates around the pagan or Christian origins of holy wells and describes some contemporary patterns of use and legends associated with individual holy wells in Ireland.
5. Professor Chris Gerrard - Shapwick in LindisfarneDigVentures
This document summarizes an interview with archaeologist Mick Aston and discusses his archaeological work at Shapwick, England. It provides details on Aston's favorite music, books, films and hobbies. It also describes the archaeological techniques used at Shapwick such as field walking, geophysical surveying, test pits and excavation. The document discusses the landscape transformation around Shapwick from 800 AD to 1000 AD when a new village was established and an open field system was laid out.
The document provides information on various burial and funeral practices from around the world, including burial in the ground, entombment, cremation, exposure burials, and excarnation. Images and descriptions are given for practices such as burial mounds, catacombs, pyres, sky burials, and more. Locations highlighted include Stonehenge, Egypt, India, Tibet, Mexico, and various European countries.
Voodoo Cemetery Tour New Orleans Unveiling a Mystical NarrativeNewOrleansGhostAdven
New Orleans cemeteries exude an allure quite unlike any other. Row after row of elaborate stone tombs, many richly ornamented with symbolic carvings, appear almost like miniature stone cities of the dead. The cities of the living and departed merge into one realm.
Voodoo Cemetery Tour New Orleans Unveiling a Mystical Narrative.pdfNewOrleansGhostAdven
New Orleans cemeteries exude an allure quite unlike any other. Row after row of elaborate stone tombs, many richly ornamented with symbolic carvings, appear almost like miniature stone cities of the dead. The cities of the living and departed merge into one realm.
An architecture of the ozarks the works of marlon blackwellNikhil Mehare
This document provides context about the Ozark Mountains region of northwest Arkansas where the architect Marlon Blackwell lives and works. It describes the landscape and culture of the area, noting the natural beauty amongst constructed ugliness. It discusses the mix of rural and commercial development, as well as the religious influences. The author presents Blackwell as an architect who works within these complex conditions, drawing inspiration from the landscape and seeking to improve on the worst of the commercial architecture around him.
This document provides a historical overview of cemeteries in South Carolina from the 18th through 20th centuries. It describes the types of burial grounds that existed, such as family plots and church graveyards. Gravestone materials and styles evolved over time, from simple fieldstones and wooden markers in the 1700s to elaborate marble monuments in the 1800s reflecting popular architectural revival styles. Cemeteries became more formal landscaped spaces where wealthy families could display their status. The document lays the groundwork for understanding the historical significance and proper preservation of South Carolina's historic cemeteries.
The document announces a flag raising ceremony at St. Mary's Cemetery in Ventura on Veteran's Day to honor the approximately 3,000 people buried there without grave markers. The cemetery was converted to a park in the 1960s and many headstones were removed. A historical preservationist founded the Restore St. Mary's Cemetery movement to research the cemetery's history and restoration. The event aims to place flags at the graves of 72 veterans from various American wars to honor their service.
The document summarizes a study of the Live Oak Memorial Park Cemetery. It discusses how cemeteries can reveal cultural history and the methodology used. Key findings included different burial areas labeled by religion or affiliation, headstones made of materials like granite and marble dating back to 1816, and ages of the deceased ranging from infants to 102 years old. The cemetery shows signs of age but is otherwise well-maintained, serving as the final resting place for many families in the local military community.
Aboriginal Australia Colonization and History Hafsa Usmani
This document provides information about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. It discusses their history prior to British colonization, the impact of colonization, including the appropriation of their lands and culture. It provides details on terminology, flags, and key historical periods. It also examines the portrayal of Aboriginal life through European eyes and the disease and devastation that resulted from colonization.
John Stanmeyer spent five years living in Bali, creating this reportage through the uninhibited and timeless lens of a Holga. His photographs capture practices from decades past, transcending the temporal as they live on today and into the unforeseen future. This body of work only stresses the historicity of spiritual life of Bali, consisting of deeply layered imagery that is witnessed, under- stood and explained in full by few, yet practiced by millions.
Published by Afterhours Books (info@afterhoursgroup.com), the book is available in both Regular Bookstore Edition and Special Signed Limited Edition of 150.
The document summarizes archaeological discoveries from 4022 CE that shed light on a mysterious ancient civilization called the "Usa" that existed approximately 5,000 years ago. A burial site from the "Toot 'n' C'mon" death culture was uncovered by archaeologist Howard Carter. Inside were elaborate burial chambers containing preserved artifacts that revealed details about the society's religious rituals and burial practices, such as ceremonial headdresses, musical instruments, and plants believed to have eternal life. The finds provided new insights about the lost civilization of the "Usa".
Copy of World Religion Thesis by Slidesgo.pdfMuammarSaudi1
The document discusses sacred spaces, art, heritage, and material culture in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes key architectural features of synagogues, mosques, and churches. It also discusses important religious objects used in worship and rituals, such as Torah scrolls, prayer shawls, and crosses in Judaism and relics of saints in Christianity. The history of the Jewish community in Indonesia is also briefly outlined.
This document provides an overview of the course ARCH 405 - Landscape Design. It begins with learning outcomes and definitions of key terms like garden and landscaping. It then discusses the historical timeline of landscape design from pre-history through the 21st century. Some notable examples discussed from different eras include the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, gardens of ancient Egypt and Rome, Zen gardens of Japan, and the gardens of Versailles. The document provides context on the reasons gardens developed and how they reflected the cultures and time periods in which they were made.
The document is a presentation about the Orisha tradition, a living culture originating from Africa that was brought by slaves to the Caribbean. It discusses the origins of the tradition in Trinidad, how the practices were conducted secretly under persecution but have lasted 500 years. It describes some of the deities, ceremonies, syncretism with Christianity, and how the tradition has evolved, influencing music genres like reggaeton. It provides videos of Orisha ceremonies and music as examples.
1. Faith Stories from an Irreverent Architect Building Christ the Light Notes On Loss & Funerary Architecture
Sacred San Francisco What We Lost When We Came Here In Praise of Fallow Fields
Kings’ Day, 2008 In Memory: John Leighton Chase
the journal of the american institute of architects
10.4
Fernwood Cemetery, Marin County, Historical Section
architecture california
works/sectors issue
california council
fa i t h & l o s s
3. WithoutA Trace
Elizabeth Ranieri, FAIA
I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and
see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.
— Henry David Thoreau, Walden
High on the hills of Marin County lies a new sacred ground, a sustainable cemetery where one
pays a premium to be buried in unencumbered open space—as an act of land preservation—to
return to the earth without toxicity and without markers, in a final exchange between man and
nature. This ecological participation is an active call to feed the earth, rather than forge a memory
within it.
The Bay Area has long been a hotbed of cultural change, from home birthing to the Sierra
Club, the Whole Earth Catalog, the progressive Edible Garden project, and most notably the
organic movement. If this boomer generation has rewritten the practices of birth, created the
eternal summer of love, and brought us back to regional living, why wouldn’t it rewrite the ritu-
als of dying and death? Green burial highlights the debatable loss of our last landscapes, their
architecture of remembrance, and the brave act of dying without a trace.
Forever Fernwood is situated in Mill Valley off of Tennessee Valley Road, a provider of green
burials since 2004 and the only sustainable burial cemetery in Northern California. The 32-acre
parcel backs up on the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and is open to the public 24/7,
accessed by car through a limited network of hill roads or via hiking trails connecting the grounds
to open space. Because the cemetery has existed since the late 1800s, the traditional section and
the natural section lie side by side, yet are two distinct landscapes, one cultivated, requiring irri-
gation, the other a native landscape that is lush in the spring and brown in the heat of summer.
In both sections, every grave is dug by hand to limit noise and disruption of the sloped land.
Courtesy Kuth/Ranieri Architects In 2009, Fernwood opened what is the first green Jewish cemetery in the United States.
41 arcCA 10.4
4. Left to right: Woodland Cemetery, near Stockholm, Sweden, photo courtesy Kuth/Ranieri Architects; an Andy Goldsworthy “Cone,” photo by Ron Lutsko.
Situated along its western edge, it is delin- coffined in a pine box, basket, or biodegradable esque cobbled streets dense with trees, mauso-
eated in three sections: orthodox, conservative, urn. No chemicals are used, and no markers. leums, tombs, and miniature civic structures,
and renewal reform. The natural process of Bodies are identified only through a GPS grave it is a fiction of the city at rest, romantically
green burial is not new to the Jewish tradi- locator. One caveat is that the baskets available depicting the tragic narrative of mortality and
tions, but merely consistent with historic prac- to purchase at Fernwood were made in and eternity. The Mt. Auburn Cemetery in Water-
tice; embalming and viewing are avoided, and shipped from China. town, Massachusetts, close to Walden Pond,
the body is buried in a plain white shroud, Cremation negatively impacts the atmo- was established in the 1830s with the rise of
because cremation is against teachings. The sphere, both in the amount of energy—natural American Transcendentalism. It is an Arca-
belief is that the body is a gift from God, and gas fueling a three- to four-hour process at dian thereafter, with the traces of human exis-
we should return it as soon as possible and 1,800 degrees F for one cremation—and in the tence set within a lush garden context. The
in the best condition possible. Islamic burials high level of emissions. The choices here are cemetery was a cultivated landscape in the
are green as well, and, in addition, the body personal, spiritual, and economic. With green great outdoors, an intersection of leisure and
is placed to face Mecca. Christian customs, burials, western rituals of internment come sacred space depicting death in an idealized
however, often include a funeral home service, full circle. In the wave of living simply, we are harmony with the earth and stars beyond. The
which at the Fernwood facility is more typically merely embracing what was done before— beginnings of sustainability can be found in
used as a memorial rather than as a viewing or simple living. Transcendentalism, as well, in the 1836 publi-
wake. All families are offered a virtual memo- The graveyard and cemetery are part of cation of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Nature, a life
rial, a biographical filmic story created by a our regional memories as places of remem- philosophy reuniting man with nature.
partner company. brance, landscapes of quietude and of retreat However, many American cemeteries
Our choices in death have a wide range from the intensity of urbanity. They offer today have fallen into disrepair, been aban-
of effects on the earth. Traditional inhumation specificity within the endlessness of the rural doned, or been completely reinvented. The
(to bury or entomb), common to Christian and landscape and provide sacredness to the pro- Ventura Cemetery Memorial Park in Ventura,
Anglo traditions, generates the greatest impact fane commercial strip of the American sub- California, for example, opened in the late 19th
to the environment, due to toxic formalde- urb. They are where we have gone to think century as St. Mary’s Cemetery and later reli-
hydes for embalming, and it requires the high- back and look forward, yet the distinct role of giously diversified. It fell into disrepair after
est amounts of embedded energy for the pro- these fields of rest is to put us reverently in the last body was buried in 1943. The property
duction of caskets, concrete or polycarbonate the present—and that has been inherently a was sold to the county in 1964 after many of
vaults, and foundational headstone footings. function of their design and architecture. The its headstones were removed. Now renamed
These practices sit in contrast to green buri- historic Pere-Lachaise Cemetery, the largest Cemetery Park, with a field of unmarked
als, where the shrouded body is either lowered park in Paris, is precursor to the city public graves, it is presently used for recreation under
into the ground by hand with cotton straps or parks of the United States. With its pictur- the shadow of its hidden sacred history. The
42
5. Above: Fernwood Cemetery, photo courtesy Kuth Ranieri.
Bayside/Acacia Cemetery in Queens, New architecture have, if any, in representing us in tury, as well; the works of Michael Heizer, Wal-
York, is another ruinous beauty. Overgrown death? In the drive to conserve resources, we ter De Maria, James Turrell, Maya Lin, Andy
with chest-high weeds and filled with over- may choose no longer to leave the evidence of Goldsworthy, and Bill Fontana, environmental
turned headstones, it is a restoration challenge marks on the earth. interventions made with the site’s soil, rock,
overwhelmed by both vandalism and nature’s Green burials offer new opportunities for and water, as well as climatic elements and
aggressive repossession; maintaining the yards merging contemporary sensibilities with envi- ambient sounds, bring forth ideas in art and
for its 35,000 residents has been difficult with- ronmental politics and artistic expressions; culture through the rearrangement of ordinary
out a sufficient operating budget. Hollywood at their highest level of commitment, these ground. Heizer’s Double Negative at Mormon
Forever, on the other hand, is thriving as a new sacred acts are basic ecological unions that Mesa, Nevada, is a land excavation project of
financial model. Located on 64 acres in Los thrive on pure participation with the earth’s two massive trenches cut in alignment at a
Angeles, and home to such residents as Cecil natural systems—without the traces of mem- great distance from each other to imply an
B. DeMille, Jayne Mansfield, and Rudolph ory. However, as creators of the built environ- invisible and unattainable connection. Gold-
Valentino, the cemetery is an active tourist and ment, we have every reason to invest in the sworthy’s Cone sculptures, constructed with
event destination. The grounds have recently new architecture of death and its markings. small fragments of rock and wood found
been restored, but, more importantly, they Will future memorials embrace new cultural within a site, are arranged in massive primi-
have been renewed as public space. programs to integrate virtual and visceral geog- tive totems to heighten our perceptions of
The globalization of our cities and the raphy; explore radical and global visions for the organic world around us. Turrell’s Roden
increasing migration from places of birth have cemetery planning; embrace the abstraction Crater (not yet completed) centers our physical
changed the ethos of the cemetery, and a new and emotion of death; and reclaim the univer- relationship with the sky. And Bill Fontana’s
virtual geography has emerged, with online sal desire to be physically remembered in our Sound Island, a live auditory transmission
memorial sites like the worldwidecemetery.com, last exchange with the sublime stretch of the from France’s Normandy coast at the Arc De
foreverlifestories.com, and myspaceafter.com. American landscape? Triomphe in Paris, provides an unexpected
The act of “visiting the grave” and the intimacy Oddly enough, some partial answers may sense of memory. Like the 19th-century pictur-
of grieving can be experienced from anywhere lie in the past. Monumental acts of funer- esque, these works intensify our relationship
in the world, and the space between us and ary architecture, from the indigenous burial with nature, yet the artists’ approaches are sen-
our dearly departed have both collapsed and mounds in North America to the engineered sual and existential, driven by process versus
expanded to immeasurable distances. How- Egyptian pyramids, speak through impressive product and abstraction versus representation.
ever, within the striking contradiction—the reformations of the land itself and interrupt Might these tactile physical gestures combined
sobering task to sustain our natural world and our understanding of the world. with virtual remembrance be our precedents
the unconditional promise of virtual immor- Transfiguration of the land is familiar for sacred traces and replace the tombstone
tality—lies a new question: what role will territory to the land artists of the late 20th cen- tracings of the past?
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