The reign of Aurangzeb

1. THE REIGN OF AURANGZEB
PRESENTED BY-YASH SINGH
ROLL NO.-2584

2. AURANGZEB: AN ELUSIVE LEADER (1658-1707)
• Aurangzeb, also known as Muhi-ud-din-Mohammad/Alamgir.
• Son of Shahjahan and Mumtaz Mahal and born in 1618.
• A good scholar and soldier.
• Compilation of ‘Fatawa-e-Alamgiri’ took during his reign.
• A staunch Muslim scholar, particularly the Sunni orthodox.
Aurangzeb was considered to be a Sunni orthodox or a
God-fearing Muslim. That’s why he was also
considered as Zindapir or ‘a living saint’.

3. AURANGZEB’S RELIGIOUS AND
ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY
• Abolition of the practice of Sati.
• Forbaded singing in courts.
• Discontinued the practice of ‘Jharoka Darshan’.
• Reimposition of ‘Jizyah’ (based on Islamic law).
• Demolition of Temples and religious idols.
• Forbaded the inscription of ‘Kalma’ on coins.
• Appointment of Muhtasibs for checking
and prohibiting the use of intoxicants, gambling, etc.
for the common masses.
Religious and administrative policies led to confrontation of Aurangzeb with different
communities.

4. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS (BATTLE OF
SARAIGHAT)
• Long confrontation between Aurangzeb and the Ahoms.
• Mir Jumla, the governor of Bengal, was appointed by Aurangzeb to lead the battle.
• Crushing defeat was inflicted on the Mughals by
the guerrilla warfare tactics of the Ahoms.
The events in Assam (the confrontation
with Ahoms) showed the limits of Mughal
power in far-flung areas.

5. TERRITORIES UNDER AURANGZEB

6. ARCHITECTURE AND ARTIFACTS
BIBI KA MAQBARA
BADSHAHI
MOSQUE IN
LAHORE
A COPPER DAM OF
AURANGZEB

7. AURANGZEB AND THE JATS, AFGHANS AND
SIKHS
• JATS
• Conflict between Aurangzeb and Jats on peasant-agrarian issues.
• When there came a conflict between the Jats and the Rajputs on zamindari issue, peasant
rebellion culminated into a different state in which, Jats formed the ruling class.
• AFGHANS
• Conflict between Aurangzeb and Afghans on religious issues.
• Appointment of Amir Khan by Aurangzeb to lead the battle.
• Bhagu (Yusufzai tribe) led the Afghan’s side.
• The Afghan uprising in a way, helped to relax Mughal pressure on Shivaji during a crucial period.

8. AURANGZEB AND THE JATS, AFGHANS AND
SIKHS
• SIKHS
• Confrontation between Aurangzeb and
Sikhs on religious issues.
• Aid of Wazir Khan and the Rajputs for battle.
• Guru Tegh Bahadur executed and
succeded by Guru Gobind Singh.
The war between Aurangzeb and the Sikhs showed how an
egalitarian religious movement could,
under certain circumstances, turn into a political and
militaristic movement, and subtly move towards
regional independence.

9. TREATY OF PURANDAR AND REVOLT AGAINST
SHIVAJI
• Shaista Khan (governor of Deccan) appointed
to invade Chhatrapati Shivaji’s dominions.
• Shaista Khan, on receiving a crushing defeat,
was succeded by Raja Jai Singh of Amber to
wage war against Shivaji.
• Shivaji, on being besieged in Purandar by
Jai Singh forces, started negotiations with Jai
Singh, which is known as Treaty of Purandar (1665).
TREATY OF PURANDARTreaty of Purander

10. TREATY OF PURANDAR AND REVOLT AGAINST
SHIVAJI
• In 1666, as Shivaji felt insulted to be included
in the rank of Mansabdars, he escaped from detention
and started revolting against Aurangzeb.
• Shivaji invaded many territories and reinvaded
the fort of Purandar and territories like
Berar and Khandesh.

11. AURANGZEB’S POLICY FOR DECCANI STATES
• Different factions united against the Mughal cause.
• Lasted efforts were made to annex Golconda and
Bijapur by the forces of Aurangzeb and the union of
Deccani factions gave a tough rebellion to Aurangzeb.
• In 1689, Sambhaji was persecuted but, Aurangzeb
persistently failed against the Marathas and Deccan union.
Aurangzeb had triumphed but he soon found that the extinction
of Bijapur and Golconda was only the beginning of his difficulties.
Aurangzeb at the siege of Golcondathe

12. CONCLUSION
• The death of Aurangzeb marked the decline of
Mughal empire as a sense of factionalism emerged
among the nobles of the empire.
• Execution of Sambhaji and failure to unite Deccanis
against the Marathas declined his empire.
• Thus, his religious and political policies and the social,
political and institutional factors prevailing from the
past led to the decline of his and the Mughal empire.
Aurangzeb’s tomb in Khuldabad,
Maharashtra