the process of evolution by charles darwin.pptx

1. The Process
of Evolution

2. Mechanisms of
Evolutionary Changes

3. GENETIC DRIFT
Genetic drift is a change in the
gene pool of a population due to
chance.

4. Bottleneck effect takes place when
population decreases due to various
environmental factors such as fires,
earthquakes and floods.
The founder effect happens when a
small population of organisms separates
from the larger group to invade a new
area.

5. GENE FLOW
Gene flow is described as the
movement of genes from one
population to another. When
this happens, there is a
tendency to increase the gene
diversity in the populations.

6. MUTATION
Mutation occurs when there is a
change in the genetic makeup
caused by environmental
stressors. This process expands
diversity of organisms.

7. NATURAL SELECTION
Natural selection explains
the difference in survival of
individual and reproduce in
a particular environment.

9. NONRANDOM MATING
Non-random mating increases
the frequency of animals with
desirable traits. It causes
evolution because it intrudes on
the natural pool of gene
variations.

10. Lamarckian vs. Darwinian Evolution
According to Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution,
organisms change during their lifetime to
survive then pass these changes to their
offspring. On the other hand, Darwin’s theory
involves natural selection and struggle for
existence. When an organism is fit and can
adapt to its environment, it has a better chance
to survive and more chance to reproduce.

14. Carolus Linnaeus is regarded as the
‘father of taxonomy’

15. Taxonomy deals with
the study of naming,
classifying, and
comparing them based
on similarities and
dissimilarities.

17. In 1835, when Darwin visited the Galapagos
Islands, evidence has been found to indicate
that living things have changed gradually
during their natural history. The study of
fossils as well as biogeography, embryology,
molecular evidence, and comparative
anatomy such as homologous structure,
analogous structure and vestigial structure
provide evidence for evolution.