The PRIMARY structure of a protein isformed by alpha helices and .pdf
•
0 likes•7 views
The PRIMARY structure of a protein is: formed by alpha helices and beta sheets formed by multiple polypeptide chains binding to one another formed by dehydration reactions that join amino acids together all of the above are true The PRIMARY structure of a protein is: Solution option C. The primrary structure of a protein is formed by dehydration reactions that join amino acids together. dehydration reaction removes H2O between two amino acids to form peptide bond. this is the native primary structure that consists of a linear chain of amino acids. alpha and beta structures are secondary structures. tertiary structure involves the interaction between different polypeptide chains..
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Find the indicial roots then solve the following ODE using series. Yo.pdf
Find the indicial roots then solve the following ODE using series. You must show the first 4
terms of each series. xy\" + 2y\' + xy = 0
Solution
Ans-
Let X be a set and let be a family of subsets of X. Then is called a topology on X if:[1][2]
If is a topology on X, then the pair (X, ) is called a topological space. The notation X may be
used to denote a set X endowed with the particular topology .
The members of are called open sets in X. A subset of X is said to be closed if its complement is
in (i.e., its complement is open). A subset of X may be open, closed, both (clopen set), or
neither. The empty set and X itself are always both closed and open.
Basis for a topology
Main article: Basis (topology)
A base (or basis) B for a topological space X with topology T is a collection of open sets in T
such that every open set in T can be written as a union of elements of B.[3][4] We say that the
base generates the topology T. Bases are useful because many properties of topologies can be
reduced to statements about a base that generates that topology—and because many topologies
are most easily defined in terms of a base that generates them.
Subspace and quotient
Every subset of a topological space can be given the subspace topology in which the open sets
are the intersections of the open sets of the larger space with the subset. For any indexed family
of topological spaces, the product can be given the product topology, which is generated by the
inverse images of open sets of the factors under the projection mappings. For example, in finite
products, a basis for the product topology consists of all products of open sets. For infinite
products, there is the additional requirement that in a basic open set, all but finitely many of its
projections are the entire space.
A quotient space is defined as follows: if X is a topological space and Y is a set, and if f : XY is
a surjective function, then the quotient topology on Y is the collection of subsets of Y that have
open inverse images under f. In other words, the quotient topology is the finest topology on Y for
which f is continuous. A common example of a quotient topology is when an equivalence
relation is defined on the topological space X. The map f is then the natural projection onto the
set of equivalence classes.
Examples of topological spaces
A given set may have many different topologies. If a set is given a different topology, it is
viewed as a different topological space. Any set can be given the discrete topology in which
every subset is open. The only convergent sequences or nets in this topology are those that are
eventually constant. Also, any set can be given the trivial topology (also called the indiscrete
topology), in which only the empty set and the whole space are open. Every sequence and net in
this topology converges to every point of the space. This example shows that in general
topological spaces, limits of sequences need not be unique. However, often topological spaces
must b.
Design verilog code [in ISE Project Navigator Verilog Module, Veril.pdf
Design verilog code [in ISE Project Navigator: Verilog Module, Verilog Text Fixture_TB] for:
4-bits synchronous up/down counter with an enable. This counter has three inputs Clock,
ENABLE, and UP/DOWN’ and four outputs O3 (MSB),O2,O1, and O0 (LSB). The table below
defines the circuit behavior: ENABLE UP/DOWN\' Function 0 X Stop counting 0 Count down:
15,14,...,1,0,15,14, Count up: 0,1,...,14,15,0,1
Solution
What is the verilog code for 4-bit updown counter with synchronous clear?
2 ANSWERS
[Sanket Naik]
Sanket Naik, been there, done that...!
1.7k Views
module up_dn_cnt (
input clk,
input clr, //Active high clear
input up, //Active high up count enable
input dn, //Active down up count enable
output [3:0] count
);
always @(posedge clk, posedge clr) begin
if(clr == 1) begin
count <= \'b0;
end else begin
if(up == 1) begin
count <= count + 1;
end else if(dn == 1) begin
count <= count - 1;
end
end
end
endmodule.
DNA and RNA are both stands of nucleotides but RNA can carry out for .pdf
DNA and RNA are both stands of nucleotides but RNA can carry out for more functions than
DNA. How docs the structure of RNA differ from DNA? What additional activities/function can
RNA do that DNA cannot?
Solution
The structure of ribonucleic acid is single stranded in which thymine replaces uracil as
complimentary base and other adenine, guanine, cytosine are the nucleotides but
deoxyribonucleic acid is double stranded & duplex.
The additive activities can RNA performing are to undergo \"translation\" to code for proteins
the following are the other functions where as DNA cannot undergo translation directly to code
for proteins
Small nuclear ribonucleic acid (snRNA): It is also known as U-RNA as it contains many uridine
contents in its complex structure. This is composed of 150 nucleotides nearly to produce
spliceosomes and to act along with snRNP. This snRNA has a predominant role in splicing.
mRNA: It is produced by the transcription of DNA in the presence of RNA polymerase enzyme
and it has amino acid coding exons to code for specific proteins as per genetic code.
rRNA (ribosomal RNA): It has 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits which have aminoacyl site and
peptidyl site to carry out translation process during protein synthesis with mRNA.
tRNA (transfer RNA): It has clover leaf structure & common to all tRNA structure. It has
anticodon site to bind to the mRNA and to displace mRNA transcript from nuclear region onto
the rRNA for protein synthesis. It is considered as an adaptor molecule mainly consist of 76 to
90 ribonucleotides in length
piRNA:
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA) are the small non-coding RNA molecules with 26 to 31
nucleotides that are expressed in many of the germ lines of eukaryotic animals. piRNAs interact
with piwi proteins to form RNA-protein complexes..
Distinguish between the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice, and dis.pdf
Distinguish between the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination.
***PSYCHOLOGY
Solution
Stereotyping: generalised belief about a group of people in which identical characters are
assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless actual variation among the members.
Prejudice: it is attitude or feeling, favourable or unfavorable towards a person or group of people,
prior to, or not based on, actual experience. Discrimination: negative or harmful beheaviour
towards the member or members of a group simply because of their membership in that group..
38 Cats eat only animals. Something fuzzy exists. Everything thats .pdf
38 Cats eat only animals. Something fuzzy exists. Everything that\'s fuzzy is a cat. And
everything eats some- thing. So animals exist. C(a), E(r, y), A(x),Fx)
Solution
Cats eat only animals.C(x)
Somthing fuzzy exists E(x,y)
Everything that is a fuzzy is a cat. A(x)
Everything eats something F(x)
E(x,y) implies A(x)
If F(x) is true then A(x) is also true.
Since A(x) is true, C(x) implies there exist animals..
An octapeptide was hydrolyzed and the amino acids separated. It was .pdf
An octapeptide was hydrolyzed and the amino acids separated. It was found to have the
following amino acid composition: Gly (1); Ala (2); Val (1); Lys (2); Met (1); Asp (1). After
incubation with FDNB and hydrolysis, 2,4-dinitrophenylalanine was detected. Treatment with
cyanogen bromide, which cleaves at M, resulted in two fragments: a pentapeptide containing two
K residues and a tripeptide containing V, G, and A. (The residues are not listed in any particular
order.) After treatment with trypsin, which cleaves at R and K, there were 3 fragments: two
dipeptides and MGAV. What is the sequence of the peptide? Use the one-letter abbreviations for
the amino acids, and do not use dashes. An octapeptide was hydrolyzed and the amino acids
separated. It was found to have the following amino acid composition: Gly (1), Ala (2); Val (1),
Lys (2), Met (1), Asp (1). After incubation with FDNB and hydrolysis, 2,4-dinitrophenylalanine
was detected. NO2 NO2 NH H3C-CH OO Treatment with cyanogen bromide, which cleaves at
M, resulted in two fragments: a pentapeptide containing two K residues and a tripeptide
containing V, G, and A. (The residues are not listed in any particular order.) After treatment with
trypsin, which cleaves at R and K, there were 3 fragments: two dipeptides and M What is the
sequence of the peptide? Use the one-letter abbreviations for the amino acids, and do not use
dashes.
Solution
An octapeptide was hydrolyzed and the amino acids separated. It was found to have the
following amino acid composition: Gly (1); Ala (2); Val (1); Lys (2); Met (1); Asp (1).
After incubation with FDNB and hydrolysis, 2,4-dinitrophenylalanine was detected.
1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) is an reagent that always react with N-terminal aminoacid
of a peptide chain and after acid hydrolysis it produces 2.4-dinitrophenyl derivative of
aminoacid. As there is production of 2,4-dinitrophenylalanine, that means alanine is present at
the N-terminal end of the octapeptide.
Treatment with cyanogen bromide, which cleaves at M, resulted in two fragments: a
pentapeptide containing two K residues and a tripeptide containing V, G, and A. (The residues
are not listed in any particular order.)
Cyanogen bromide always cleaves the peptide at the carboxylic end of methionine and after
cleavage it gives two fragments of pentapeptide and tripeptide. So it indicates that methionine is
present at 5th position of the octapeptide.
After treatment with trypsin, which cleaves at R and K, there were 3 fragments: two dipeptides
and MGAV.
Trypsin always cleaves at the carboxy-terminal of arginine and lysine. After cleavage, two
dipeptide and one tetrapeptide (MGAV) is produced. So it is cleared that, the two dipeptide
would be AK and DK.
Therefore the final aminoacid sequence of the octapeptide would be H2N-AKDKMGAV-COOH
Answer: AKDKMGAV.
c. hydrophillic heads; sticking out toward the interior and exterior.pdf
c. hydrophillic heads; sticking out toward the interior and exterior of the cell
d. hydrophobic and hydrophylic sides, facing in toward another Properties of Phospholipids The
plasma membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer, with the of the phospholipids Multiple
Choice hydrophobic tails: sticking out toward the interior and exterior of the cell hydrophilic
heads facing in toward one another
Solution
(C).hydrophilic heads;sticking out toward the interior and exterior of the cell.
According to the fluid-mosaic model,the hydrophobic tails are present in between the
phospholipid bilayer and the hydrophilic heads facing outward top and bottom of the layer.These
heads are made up of phosphate and glycerol whereas the tail is made up of unsatuarated and
saturated fatty acids..
Biology Lab questions1. Units of amino acid are carried to the ri.pdf
Biology Lab questions:
1. Units of amino acid are carried to the ribosomes by (A) transfer RNA (B) radioactive uracil
(C) template RNA (D) messenger RNA
Solution
The units of amino acids are carried to the ribosomes by t-rna which is charged.. According to
the codon present in the ribosomes that charged t-rna of that particular amino acid are carried to
the ribosomes..!!.
Recommended
Find the indicial roots then solve the following ODE using series. Yo.pdf
Find the indicial roots then solve the following ODE using series. You must show the first 4
terms of each series. xy\" + 2y\' + xy = 0
Solution
Ans-
Let X be a set and let be a family of subsets of X. Then is called a topology on X if:[1][2]
If is a topology on X, then the pair (X, ) is called a topological space. The notation X may be
used to denote a set X endowed with the particular topology .
The members of are called open sets in X. A subset of X is said to be closed if its complement is
in (i.e., its complement is open). A subset of X may be open, closed, both (clopen set), or
neither. The empty set and X itself are always both closed and open.
Basis for a topology
Main article: Basis (topology)
A base (or basis) B for a topological space X with topology T is a collection of open sets in T
such that every open set in T can be written as a union of elements of B.[3][4] We say that the
base generates the topology T. Bases are useful because many properties of topologies can be
reduced to statements about a base that generates that topology—and because many topologies
are most easily defined in terms of a base that generates them.
Subspace and quotient
Every subset of a topological space can be given the subspace topology in which the open sets
are the intersections of the open sets of the larger space with the subset. For any indexed family
of topological spaces, the product can be given the product topology, which is generated by the
inverse images of open sets of the factors under the projection mappings. For example, in finite
products, a basis for the product topology consists of all products of open sets. For infinite
products, there is the additional requirement that in a basic open set, all but finitely many of its
projections are the entire space.
A quotient space is defined as follows: if X is a topological space and Y is a set, and if f : XY is
a surjective function, then the quotient topology on Y is the collection of subsets of Y that have
open inverse images under f. In other words, the quotient topology is the finest topology on Y for
which f is continuous. A common example of a quotient topology is when an equivalence
relation is defined on the topological space X. The map f is then the natural projection onto the
set of equivalence classes.
Examples of topological spaces
A given set may have many different topologies. If a set is given a different topology, it is
viewed as a different topological space. Any set can be given the discrete topology in which
every subset is open. The only convergent sequences or nets in this topology are those that are
eventually constant. Also, any set can be given the trivial topology (also called the indiscrete
topology), in which only the empty set and the whole space are open. Every sequence and net in
this topology converges to every point of the space. This example shows that in general
topological spaces, limits of sequences need not be unique. However, often topological spaces
must b.
Design verilog code [in ISE Project Navigator Verilog Module, Veril.pdf
Design verilog code [in ISE Project Navigator: Verilog Module, Verilog Text Fixture_TB] for:
4-bits synchronous up/down counter with an enable. This counter has three inputs Clock,
ENABLE, and UP/DOWN’ and four outputs O3 (MSB),O2,O1, and O0 (LSB). The table below
defines the circuit behavior: ENABLE UP/DOWN\' Function 0 X Stop counting 0 Count down:
15,14,...,1,0,15,14, Count up: 0,1,...,14,15,0,1
Solution
What is the verilog code for 4-bit updown counter with synchronous clear?
2 ANSWERS
[Sanket Naik]
Sanket Naik, been there, done that...!
1.7k Views
module up_dn_cnt (
input clk,
input clr, //Active high clear
input up, //Active high up count enable
input dn, //Active down up count enable
output [3:0] count
);
always @(posedge clk, posedge clr) begin
if(clr == 1) begin
count <= \'b0;
end else begin
if(up == 1) begin
count <= count + 1;
end else if(dn == 1) begin
count <= count - 1;
end
end
end
endmodule.
DNA and RNA are both stands of nucleotides but RNA can carry out for .pdf
DNA and RNA are both stands of nucleotides but RNA can carry out for more functions than
DNA. How docs the structure of RNA differ from DNA? What additional activities/function can
RNA do that DNA cannot?
Solution
The structure of ribonucleic acid is single stranded in which thymine replaces uracil as
complimentary base and other adenine, guanine, cytosine are the nucleotides but
deoxyribonucleic acid is double stranded & duplex.
The additive activities can RNA performing are to undergo \"translation\" to code for proteins
the following are the other functions where as DNA cannot undergo translation directly to code
for proteins
Small nuclear ribonucleic acid (snRNA): It is also known as U-RNA as it contains many uridine
contents in its complex structure. This is composed of 150 nucleotides nearly to produce
spliceosomes and to act along with snRNP. This snRNA has a predominant role in splicing.
mRNA: It is produced by the transcription of DNA in the presence of RNA polymerase enzyme
and it has amino acid coding exons to code for specific proteins as per genetic code.
rRNA (ribosomal RNA): It has 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits which have aminoacyl site and
peptidyl site to carry out translation process during protein synthesis with mRNA.
tRNA (transfer RNA): It has clover leaf structure & common to all tRNA structure. It has
anticodon site to bind to the mRNA and to displace mRNA transcript from nuclear region onto
the rRNA for protein synthesis. It is considered as an adaptor molecule mainly consist of 76 to
90 ribonucleotides in length
piRNA:
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA) are the small non-coding RNA molecules with 26 to 31
nucleotides that are expressed in many of the germ lines of eukaryotic animals. piRNAs interact
with piwi proteins to form RNA-protein complexes..
Distinguish between the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice, and dis.pdf
Distinguish between the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination.
***PSYCHOLOGY
Solution
Stereotyping: generalised belief about a group of people in which identical characters are
assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless actual variation among the members.
Prejudice: it is attitude or feeling, favourable or unfavorable towards a person or group of people,
prior to, or not based on, actual experience. Discrimination: negative or harmful beheaviour
towards the member or members of a group simply because of their membership in that group..
38 Cats eat only animals. Something fuzzy exists. Everything thats .pdf
38 Cats eat only animals. Something fuzzy exists. Everything that\'s fuzzy is a cat. And
everything eats some- thing. So animals exist. C(a), E(r, y), A(x),Fx)
Solution
Cats eat only animals.C(x)
Somthing fuzzy exists E(x,y)
Everything that is a fuzzy is a cat. A(x)
Everything eats something F(x)
E(x,y) implies A(x)
If F(x) is true then A(x) is also true.
Since A(x) is true, C(x) implies there exist animals..
An octapeptide was hydrolyzed and the amino acids separated. It was .pdf
An octapeptide was hydrolyzed and the amino acids separated. It was found to have the
following amino acid composition: Gly (1); Ala (2); Val (1); Lys (2); Met (1); Asp (1). After
incubation with FDNB and hydrolysis, 2,4-dinitrophenylalanine was detected. Treatment with
cyanogen bromide, which cleaves at M, resulted in two fragments: a pentapeptide containing two
K residues and a tripeptide containing V, G, and A. (The residues are not listed in any particular
order.) After treatment with trypsin, which cleaves at R and K, there were 3 fragments: two
dipeptides and MGAV. What is the sequence of the peptide? Use the one-letter abbreviations for
the amino acids, and do not use dashes. An octapeptide was hydrolyzed and the amino acids
separated. It was found to have the following amino acid composition: Gly (1), Ala (2); Val (1),
Lys (2), Met (1), Asp (1). After incubation with FDNB and hydrolysis, 2,4-dinitrophenylalanine
was detected. NO2 NO2 NH H3C-CH OO Treatment with cyanogen bromide, which cleaves at
M, resulted in two fragments: a pentapeptide containing two K residues and a tripeptide
containing V, G, and A. (The residues are not listed in any particular order.) After treatment with
trypsin, which cleaves at R and K, there were 3 fragments: two dipeptides and M What is the
sequence of the peptide? Use the one-letter abbreviations for the amino acids, and do not use
dashes.
Solution
An octapeptide was hydrolyzed and the amino acids separated. It was found to have the
following amino acid composition: Gly (1); Ala (2); Val (1); Lys (2); Met (1); Asp (1).
After incubation with FDNB and hydrolysis, 2,4-dinitrophenylalanine was detected.
1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) is an reagent that always react with N-terminal aminoacid
of a peptide chain and after acid hydrolysis it produces 2.4-dinitrophenyl derivative of
aminoacid. As there is production of 2,4-dinitrophenylalanine, that means alanine is present at
the N-terminal end of the octapeptide.
Treatment with cyanogen bromide, which cleaves at M, resulted in two fragments: a
pentapeptide containing two K residues and a tripeptide containing V, G, and A. (The residues
are not listed in any particular order.)
Cyanogen bromide always cleaves the peptide at the carboxylic end of methionine and after
cleavage it gives two fragments of pentapeptide and tripeptide. So it indicates that methionine is
present at 5th position of the octapeptide.
After treatment with trypsin, which cleaves at R and K, there were 3 fragments: two dipeptides
and MGAV.
Trypsin always cleaves at the carboxy-terminal of arginine and lysine. After cleavage, two
dipeptide and one tetrapeptide (MGAV) is produced. So it is cleared that, the two dipeptide
would be AK and DK.
Therefore the final aminoacid sequence of the octapeptide would be H2N-AKDKMGAV-COOH
Answer: AKDKMGAV.
c. hydrophillic heads; sticking out toward the interior and exterior.pdf
c. hydrophillic heads; sticking out toward the interior and exterior of the cell
d. hydrophobic and hydrophylic sides, facing in toward another Properties of Phospholipids The
plasma membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer, with the of the phospholipids Multiple
Choice hydrophobic tails: sticking out toward the interior and exterior of the cell hydrophilic
heads facing in toward one another
Solution
(C).hydrophilic heads;sticking out toward the interior and exterior of the cell.
According to the fluid-mosaic model,the hydrophobic tails are present in between the
phospholipid bilayer and the hydrophilic heads facing outward top and bottom of the layer.These
heads are made up of phosphate and glycerol whereas the tail is made up of unsatuarated and
saturated fatty acids..
Biology Lab questions1. Units of amino acid are carried to the ri.pdf
Biology Lab questions:
1. Units of amino acid are carried to the ribosomes by (A) transfer RNA (B) radioactive uracil
(C) template RNA (D) messenger RNA
Solution
The units of amino acids are carried to the ribosomes by t-rna which is charged.. According to
the codon present in the ribosomes that charged t-rna of that particular amino acid are carried to
the ribosomes..!!.
Why is it important to use several sources of power and influence, r.pdf
Why is it important to use several sources of power and influence, rather than relying on one or
two?
Solution
There are 5 various sources of influence that are as follows
1. Reward power
2. Coercive power
3. Legitimate power
4. Expert power
5. Recent power
Reward power is that in which we can provide reqare for obtaining power
Coercive power is that we can take a disciplinary action to obtain power or to influence for work.
Legitimate power is that which can be granted by your position or rights that as a MD of a
company have a power towards the employees who report him
Expert power is that which is received by your knowledge and experience of any work .
Referent power is that which is related to your reference when you know someone and feel that
you know him means you connect with him
All the five sources of power and influence are important because with the help of all the five
sources we can do the best of himself nothing has been left. And we know every person has
different different thoughts and views. Not all the person preferred same thing . And we don\'t
know the person clearly so if we use all the five sources it helps us to increase or obtaining good
and satisfactory results .
If we use only one or two and rely on it . May be it happens that person don\'t like these two
means these two sources are not good as per that person for obtaining good response. May be it
happens that we wants more position as compared to monetary benefits so if we can use all the
five sources then It makes more chance of better influencing..
What is special about the colugos teethLower incisors are comb-li.pdf
What is special about the colugos teeth?
Lower incisors are comb-like
Only two upper incisors
Upper canines are reduced
Only one lower molar
Solution
Lower incisor are comb like.
Upper incisors are 2 in each quadrant since dental formula for colugos is 2.1.2.3 for upper jaw.
Colugos has special feature that their incisor are comb shape,which has almost 20 tines on it.
These comb in incisors are used for grooming. As is seen in stepsirrihines they hav similar
function and appearance..
write simple program in c++ in which source reads a file of integers.pdf
write simple program in c++ in which source reads a file of integers and outputs the average
Solution
Average.cpp
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream inputFile;
inputFile.open(\"numbers.txt\");
int n;
int sum =0;
int count = 0;
double average = 0;
if (inputFile.is_open()) {
while (!inputFile.eof()) {
inputFile >> n;
sum = sum + n;
count++;
}
}
average = sum/(double)count;
cout<<\"The average is \"<.
Write an example of a unit test for a Class methods using JUnitfr.pdf
Write an example of a unit test for a Class methods using JUnitframework
Write an example of a unit test for a Class methods using JUnitframework
Solution
Example of test case java using JUnitframework:
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class TestJunit {
String message = \"Hello World\";
MessageUtil messageUtil = new MessageUtil(message);
@Test
public void testPrintMessage() {
assertEquals(message,messageUtil.printMessage());
}
}
Test suit Examples:
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.Suite;
//JUnit Suite Test
@RunWith(Suite.class)
@Suite.SuiteClasses({
TestJunit1.class ,TestJunit2.class
})
public class JunitTestSuite {
}
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class TestJunit1 {
String message = \"Robert\";
MessageUtil messageUtil = new MessageUtil(message);
@Test
public void testPrintMessage() {
System.out.println(\"Inside testPrintMessage()\");
assertEquals(message, messageUtil.printMessage());
}
}
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class TestJunit2 {
String message = \"Robert\";
MessageUtil messageUtil = new MessageUtil(message);
@Test
public void testSalutationMessage() {
System.out.println(\"Inside testSalutationMessage()\");
message = \"Hi!\" + \"Robert\";
assertEquals(message,messageUtil.salutationMessage());
}
}.
whats in plasmaSolutionAnswerBlood is the fluid connecti.pdf
what\'s in plasma?
Solution
Answer:
Blood is the fluid connective tissue possesses plasma (45%) and remaining blood cells such as
monocytes, macrophages, clotting factors, platelets, and nutrients. This plasma is composed of
protein compartment in which various serum albumins, globulins along with clotting factors are
existing. Plasma protein components such as “beta globulin” and “glycoproteins” have extensive
saturable binding affinity.
What is a reason we want to write in a concise manner 1. To elimina.pdf
What is a reason we want to write in a concise manner? 1. To eliminate redundant and repetitive
words 2. To allow better use of bullets 3. To avoid jargon or industry language 4. To indicate the
main point of the message
Solution
4. To indicate main point of message
We write in a concise manner to brief eth content clearly using few words.
What are the advantages of Credit Suisse’s new supplier managemente.pdf
What are the advantages of Credit Suisse’s new supplier management/evaluation system?
Please write in your own words, and atlest 2 paragraphs
Solution
Historically, the IT industry has been mostly a reactive unit. Enterprise IT departments were
essentially order-takers that were quick to adopt the latest programs. Stephen Hilton, managing
director and CIO of technology infrastructure for Credit Suisse, will have none of that. Known
for his stick-to-itiveness and indifference to flavor-of-the-week technology, Hilton has shown
leadership in building a unified culture and developed a reputation for his steady pace of
improvement.
As most Industry leaders know, since 2007 capital markets revenues have decreased rapidly,
resulting in budget cuts across the board. At the same time, most financial institutions had built
up significant fixed costs during the prior decade when revenues were high and budgets were
bloated. \"People were surprised that IT was not as variable as they thought it would be,\" says
Hilton, whose firm has a market capitalization of $42 billion and $1.3 trillion in assets under
management.
At Credit Suisse, only 30% to 40% of IT cost was allocated to staffing, reports Hilton. \"A lot of
the budget covers other IT assets, obligations, liabilities and licensing costs we built up over the
years that just are not variable in a short period of time.\" The only way you can really drive the
cost base down is through business process reengineering, he says, and that\'s exactly what his
team has been working toward.
\"It was quite a learning process for people to understand that. And if I\'m honest, that
realization, a very good realization, has actually changed the business attitude,\" Hilton says.
\"They\'re having different conversations with us now.\" Business leaders are aware that asking
for \"please do it quickly and just get it in\"-style requests aren\'t acceptable anymore. \"They
have to be more patient and more strategic in their decisions.\"
Challenge Silliness
While the old way of approaching technology may have been fitting given the short lifespan of
IT and massive innovation cycles, things began to change in the mid-2000s. For Credit Suisse
the focus shifted to optimizing the company\'s massive, complex infrastructure and improving
end user productivity. As CIO of technology infrastructure, Hilton prepared to make tough
decisions to meet company goals.
\"My view is that at the scale we now run at, process efficiency is key. I am a technologist, but
my master\'s degree is in mechanical engineering and making manufacturing decisions. So I
learned back in the late \'80s about industrialized processes and how to optimize factories. Those
skill sets are what I\'ve applied in the last five years.\" He adds, \"I very much encourage my
teams to be challenging partners. I\'ve spent five years really empowering them, saying, \'Look,
you\'re the experts. Challenge inefficiencies whenever you see them.\'\".
The figure below shows the chromosomes in a cell for some species (.pdf
The figure below shows the chromosomes in a cell for some species (\"pretend\" that
chromosomes are always visible for this exercise & ignore any nuclear membrane). 1. How
many chromosomes do you see? ___________ Is this haploid or diploid? What do the letters
represent? ___________ Why does the letter \"g\" appear only as lower case but the letter \"F\"
appears as both upper- AND lowercase (F & f)
Solution
1.The number of chromosomes is equal to the number of centromeres.Here in this case ,it is 6
chromosomes.
2.This is haploid as only single chromosomes are seen.
3.The letters represent the alleles of gene.
4.The letter \'g \'appears in the lower case because it is present only in recessive form while \' F\'
appears as both upper and lower case as it is present in both dominant and recessive forms..
The addButton_Click procedure should perform the following three tas.pdf
The addButton_Click procedure should perform the following three tasks:
1.add the integer entered in the numTextBox to an accumulator
2. display the integer on a separate line in the ListTextBox
3. display the accumulator\'s value in the sumLabel.
How can I accomplish this using a TextBox instead of an InputBox(with prompts)?
Solution
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*
*/
public class Cal extends Applet
implements ActionListener
{
String msg=\" \";
int v1,v2,result;
TextField t1;
Button b[]=new Button[10];
Button add,sub,mul,div,clear,mod,EQ;
char OP;
public void init()
{
Color k=new Color(120,89,90);
setBackground(k);
t1=new TextField(10);
GridLayout gl=new GridLayout(4,5);
setLayout(gl);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
b[i]=new Button(\"\"+i);
}
add=new Button(\"add\");
sub=new Button(\"sub\");
mul=new Button(\"mul\");
div=new Button(\"div\");
mod=new Button(\"mod\");
clear=new Button(\"clear\");
EQ=new Button(\"EQ\");
t1.addActionListener(this);
add(t1);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
add(b[i]);
}
add(add);
add(sub);
add(mul);
add(div);
add(mod);
add(clear);
add(EQ);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
b[i].addActionListener(this);
}
add.addActionListener(this);
sub.addActionListener(this);
mul.addActionListener(this);
div.addActionListener(this);
mod.addActionListener(this);
clear.addActionListener(this);
EQ.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{
String str=ae.getActionCommand();
char ch=str.charAt(0);
if ( Character.isDigit(ch))
t1.setText(t1.getText()+str);
else
if(str.equals(\"add\"))
{
v1=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
OP=\'+\';
t1.setText(\"\");
}
else if(str.equals(\"sub\"))
{
v1=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
OP=\'-\';
t1.setText(\"\");
}
else if(str.equals(\"mul\"))
{
v1=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
OP=\'*\';
t1.setText(\"\");
}
else if(str.equals(\"div\"))
{
v1=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
OP=\'/\';
t1.setText(\"\");
}
else if(str.equals(\"mod\"))
{
v1=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
OP=\'%\';
t1.setText(\"\");
}
if(str.equals(\"EQ\"))
{
v2=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
if(OP==\'+\')
result=v1+v2;
else if(OP==\'-\')
result=v1-v2;
else if(OP==\'*\')
result=v1*v2;
else if(OP==\'/\')
result=v1/v2;
else if(OP==\'%\')
result=v1%v2;
t1.setText(\"\"+result);
}
if(str.equals(\"clear\"))
{
t1.setText(\"\");
}
}
}.
A mistake occurs during lambda phage excision from the E. coli genom.pdf
A mistake occurs during lambda phage excision from the E. coli genome: a portion of the E.
colichromosome is excised with the phage genome, leaving behind a portion of the lambda
genome that includes the int gene. This defective genome is packaged and infects an E. coli
strain that is recA- (it lacks RecA). What do you think happens to this genetic material?
1) injected DNA is degraded
2) integrates into new host genome
3) The transferred portion of E. coli chromosome recombines with the new host genome
4) All of these are possible
Solution
The answer is Option no 1 that is injected DNA is degraded.
The defective genome does not carry int gene. So, the lambda phge cannot insert its genetic
material into host genome.
Homologus recombination and DNA reapir does not possible because the host genome is recA-
Strain.(rec A protein plays a major role in homologus recombination)..
Assume a System Engineering class has 27 students, of which one thir.pdf
Assume a System Engineering class has 27 students, of which one third are female and two
thirds are male. There were a total of 17 students (4 female and 13 male) that got the correct
answer to the first problem in their 8th homework assignment. What is the probability that a
male student got the correct answer?
Solution
total correct 17 srudents
4 female and 13 male
probability that male student correct answer = 13/27 = 0.481.
1.) Explain what type of mechanism and application use a marine ste.pdf
1.) Explain what type of mechanism and application use a marine steam engine and why?
2.) Explain the history behind a marine steam engine? and compare how it is used in today
society?
Solution
1 a)
Basic operation of a simple reciprocating steam engine
Components of steam engines
There are two fundamental components of a steam engine: the boiler or steam generator, and the
motor unit, itself often referred to as a \"steam engine.\" The two components can either be
integrated into a single unit or can be placed at a distance from each other, in a variety of
configurations.
Other components are often present; pumps (such as an injector) to supply water to the boiler
during operation, condensers to recirculate the water and recover the latent heat of vaporization,
and superheaters to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapor point, and
various mechanisms to increase the draft for fireboxes. When coal is used, a chain or screw
stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included to move the fuel from a
supply bin (bunker) to the firebox.
Heat source
The heat required for boiling the water and supplying the steam can be derived from various
sources, most commonly from burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air in
a closed space (called variously combustion chamber, firebox). In some cases the heat source is a
nuclear reactor or geothermal energy.
Cold sink
As with all heat engines, a considerable quantity of waste heat is produced at relatively low
temperature. This must be disposed of.
The simplest cold sink is simply to vent the steam to the environment. This is often used on
Steam locomotives, but is quite inefficient. Steam locomotive condensing apparatus can be
employed to improve efficiency.
Steam turbines in power stations often use cooling towers which are essentially one form of
condenser.
Sometimes the \"waste heat\" is useful in and of itself, and in those cases very high overall
efficiency can be obtained; for example combined heat and power uses the waste heat for district
heating.
Boilers
Boilers are pressure vessels that contain water to be boiled, and some kind of mechanism for
transferring the heat to the water so as to boil it.
The two most common methods of transferring heat to the water according are:
Once turned to steam, some boilers use superheating to raise the temperature of the steam
further. This allows for greater efficiency.
Motor units
A motor unit takes a supply of steam at high pressure and temperature and gives out a supply of
steam at lower pressure and temperature, using as much of the difference in steam energy as
possible to do mechanical work.
A motor unit is often called \"steam engine\" in its own right. They will also operate on
compressed air or other gas.
Simple expansion
This means that a charge of steam works only once in the cylinder. It is then exhausted directly
into the atmosphere or into a condenser, but remaining heat can be recuperated if needed.
Stars from what part of the main sequence are likely to become black .pdf
Stars from what part of the main sequence are likely to become black holes? Explain your
answer (You may need to look for additional information to answer this question) b)If you were
to look up into the sky for a few hours, and see 100 stars (or take a picture of 100 stars making
up a starfield), why would you see the particular stars that you see out of the billions of stars in
the Universe\'? Include two main reasons (Thinking about magnitude might help you answer this
question) C)Many variable stars are stars in the Yellow or Red Giant stages List at least two such
categories of variable stars.
Solution
a) Most black holes form from the remnants of a large star that dies in a supernova explosion.
(Smaller stars become dense neutron stars, which are not massive enough to trap light.) If the
total mass of the star is large enough (about three times the mass of the Sun), it can be proven
theoretically that no force can keep the star from collapsing under the influence of gravity.
However, as the star collapses, a strange thing occurs. As the surface of the star nears an
imaginary surface called the \"event horizon,\" time on the star slows relative to the time kept by
observers far away. When the surface reaches the event horizon, time stands still, and the star
can collapse no more - it is a frozen collapsing object.
b)
Whether we are able to see an object or not just depends only on the amount of light that is
reaching us and is independent of its size. If you cannot see an object, it just means that the
amount of light coming is not enough for your eye to discern it.
It is true that the angular size of stars is extremely small and that is the reason why no telescope
has ever taken a well resolved picture of a star. For us at the Earth, the atmosphere causes an
angular blurring by scintillation (which is why stars twinkle) and smears their size to about 1
arcsecond (which is 1/3600 of a degree).
Even for telescopes like Hubble which is above the Earth\'s atmosphere, the star\'s angular size is
too small to be resolved. But remember that each star produces a lot of light which is more than
enough for the eye to discern them. Hence we see stars; However they are too small; so we see
them as points and not disks (as you would with planets).
c)
Variable stars may be either intrinsic or extrinsic.
These subgroups themselves are further divided into specific types of variable stars that are
usually named after their prototype. For example, dwarf novae are designated U Geminorum
stars after the first recognized star in the class, U Geminorum..
List what you feel are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual ver.pdf
List what you feel are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual versus asexual reproduction,
and hypothesize what the mode of reproduction tells us about the stability of the environment
each of these types of organisms live integral
Solution
Sexual
Advantages: Increased genetic diversity
Disadvantages: Depending on availability of the other members of the species, it can be
impractical.
Asexual:
Advantages: Can always do it. No need for other individuals.
Disadvantages: Offspring are clones, decreased genetic diversity, which is potentially not ideal
for a population.
If the environment is stable and favorable, organisms prefer sexual reproduction to Asexual
reproduction..
Practice Problem 85 During Drosophila development, adult structures a.pdf
Practice Problem 85 During Drosophila development, adult structures are formed from clusters
of cells called imaginal discs, which are recognizable during larval and pupal stages. You are
interested in the genes expressed in imaginal discs, and you have identified two such genes that
are closely linked together Gene 1 is expressed in the imaginal discs that will become the adult
antennae Gene 2 is expressed in the discs that will become the adult wings and legs. A map of
the two genes is shown here. The arrows indicate the start of transcription. Gene 1 Gene 2
Solution
1. Insulator region acts as an insulator for the construct 13 where it is hiding the I band of
construct 8 . In the table it is showing presence in GFP in antennal discs only. And antennal discs
are expressed by Gene 1 only. So the answer is Gene 1 only.
2. Two enhancers, one for each disc type. In the wing type, it is present for construct 10 and in
leg discs it is present for construct 9..
Question 25 What disinfection treatment technology is most common for.pdf
Question 25 What disinfection treatment technology is most common for US municipal
wastewater treatment plants? Oa. UV light b. chilorine dioxide .sodum and calcium hypochlorite
d.ozone o disinfoction with chiorine
Solution
Ans disinfection with chlorine
In us municipal waste water treatment chlorine widely used for disinfection.
Marbles There are 3 red marbles and 2 blue marbles in a box. Two mar.pdf
Marbles: There are 3 red marbles and 2 blue marbles in a box. Two marbles are randomly drawn
from the box. What is the probability that both marbles are red? What is the probability that
there will be at least one blue marble?
Solution
Total=4+1+6=11 The probability is (1C4* 1C7)/2C11 =(4*7)/(11*10/2)
=0.5090909.
Name the two laws of inheritance proposed by Gregor Mendel and brief.pdf
Name the two laws of inheritance proposed by Gregor Mendel and briefly describe what they are
(2 pts each).
Solution
Mendels law of inheritance
First law : Law of seggregation states that two members of a gene pair called allels separatefrom
each other in formation of gametes. half of the gametes carry one allele and other half carry
another allele.
Second law : Law of independant asssortment states that genes for different traints assort
independantly of one another in the formation of gametes.
Third law ; Law of dominance states that one of the alleles is dominant and other is recessive
which is expressed only when both recessive alleles are present..
In the accompanying figure, note the variation in these closely relat.pdf
In the accompanying figure, note the variation in these closely related birds. What does this
illustrate? hybridization macroevolution hybrid inviability adaptive radiation allometric
radiation One critical requirement for life to arise on Earth was time for which to occur? The
salinity of the oceans to stabilize The Earth\'s various climates to stabilize Molecules to
accumulate and react with one another The atmospheric temperature to increase sufficiently
The ozone layer to form, so that the level of ultraviolet radiation was reduced What is most
likely to occur if a parasite accidentally introduced into the Great Lakes kills 95% of all living
organisms living in the lakes? fusion in a hybrid zone evolution of a surviving organism mass
extinction of the surviving organisms adaptive radiation of the surviving populations: allopatric
speciation in the surviving organisms.
Solution
Answer:
7. (d) Adaptive radiation
Adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species
into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new
resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches.
An example of adaptive radiation would be the avian species of the Hawaiian honeycreepers.
Through natural selection, these birds adapted rapidly and converged based on the different
environments of the Hawaiian islands..
In a library of 3000 songs, 50 are from a particular group. Library .pdf
In a library of 3000 songs, 50 are from a particular group. Library is shuffled and played until the
kth song from this group appears. Let Y denote the number of the song in shuffle where the kth
song from this group is played.
1. What is distribution of random variable Y? What values can the random variable Y take?
Solution
1.The distribution of the random variable Y is discrete probability distribution.
The values of Y can take any number from 0 to 50..
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Event Link:-
https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-exploring-gemini-ai-and-integration-with-mulesoft/
Agenda
● Java 17 Upgrade Overview
● Why and by when do customers need to upgrade to Java 17?
● Is there any immediate impact to upgrading to Mule Runtime 4.6 and beyond?
● Which MuleSoft products are in scope?
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/
YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Shyam Raj Prasad-
https://www.linkedin.com/in/shyam-raj-prasad/
More Related Content
More from arbaazrabs
Why is it important to use several sources of power and influence, r.pdf
Why is it important to use several sources of power and influence, rather than relying on one or
two?
Solution
There are 5 various sources of influence that are as follows
1. Reward power
2. Coercive power
3. Legitimate power
4. Expert power
5. Recent power
Reward power is that in which we can provide reqare for obtaining power
Coercive power is that we can take a disciplinary action to obtain power or to influence for work.
Legitimate power is that which can be granted by your position or rights that as a MD of a
company have a power towards the employees who report him
Expert power is that which is received by your knowledge and experience of any work .
Referent power is that which is related to your reference when you know someone and feel that
you know him means you connect with him
All the five sources of power and influence are important because with the help of all the five
sources we can do the best of himself nothing has been left. And we know every person has
different different thoughts and views. Not all the person preferred same thing . And we don\'t
know the person clearly so if we use all the five sources it helps us to increase or obtaining good
and satisfactory results .
If we use only one or two and rely on it . May be it happens that person don\'t like these two
means these two sources are not good as per that person for obtaining good response. May be it
happens that we wants more position as compared to monetary benefits so if we can use all the
five sources then It makes more chance of better influencing..
What is special about the colugos teethLower incisors are comb-li.pdf
What is special about the colugos teeth?
Lower incisors are comb-like
Only two upper incisors
Upper canines are reduced
Only one lower molar
Solution
Lower incisor are comb like.
Upper incisors are 2 in each quadrant since dental formula for colugos is 2.1.2.3 for upper jaw.
Colugos has special feature that their incisor are comb shape,which has almost 20 tines on it.
These comb in incisors are used for grooming. As is seen in stepsirrihines they hav similar
function and appearance..
write simple program in c++ in which source reads a file of integers.pdf
write simple program in c++ in which source reads a file of integers and outputs the average
Solution
Average.cpp
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream inputFile;
inputFile.open(\"numbers.txt\");
int n;
int sum =0;
int count = 0;
double average = 0;
if (inputFile.is_open()) {
while (!inputFile.eof()) {
inputFile >> n;
sum = sum + n;
count++;
}
}
average = sum/(double)count;
cout<<\"The average is \"<.
Write an example of a unit test for a Class methods using JUnitfr.pdf
Write an example of a unit test for a Class methods using JUnitframework
Write an example of a unit test for a Class methods using JUnitframework
Solution
Example of test case java using JUnitframework:
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class TestJunit {
String message = \"Hello World\";
MessageUtil messageUtil = new MessageUtil(message);
@Test
public void testPrintMessage() {
assertEquals(message,messageUtil.printMessage());
}
}
Test suit Examples:
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.Suite;
//JUnit Suite Test
@RunWith(Suite.class)
@Suite.SuiteClasses({
TestJunit1.class ,TestJunit2.class
})
public class JunitTestSuite {
}
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class TestJunit1 {
String message = \"Robert\";
MessageUtil messageUtil = new MessageUtil(message);
@Test
public void testPrintMessage() {
System.out.println(\"Inside testPrintMessage()\");
assertEquals(message, messageUtil.printMessage());
}
}
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class TestJunit2 {
String message = \"Robert\";
MessageUtil messageUtil = new MessageUtil(message);
@Test
public void testSalutationMessage() {
System.out.println(\"Inside testSalutationMessage()\");
message = \"Hi!\" + \"Robert\";
assertEquals(message,messageUtil.salutationMessage());
}
}.
whats in plasmaSolutionAnswerBlood is the fluid connecti.pdf
what\'s in plasma?
Solution
Answer:
Blood is the fluid connective tissue possesses plasma (45%) and remaining blood cells such as
monocytes, macrophages, clotting factors, platelets, and nutrients. This plasma is composed of
protein compartment in which various serum albumins, globulins along with clotting factors are
existing. Plasma protein components such as “beta globulin” and “glycoproteins” have extensive
saturable binding affinity.
What is a reason we want to write in a concise manner 1. To elimina.pdf
What is a reason we want to write in a concise manner? 1. To eliminate redundant and repetitive
words 2. To allow better use of bullets 3. To avoid jargon or industry language 4. To indicate the
main point of the message
Solution
4. To indicate main point of message
We write in a concise manner to brief eth content clearly using few words.
What are the advantages of Credit Suisse’s new supplier managemente.pdf
What are the advantages of Credit Suisse’s new supplier management/evaluation system?
Please write in your own words, and atlest 2 paragraphs
Solution
Historically, the IT industry has been mostly a reactive unit. Enterprise IT departments were
essentially order-takers that were quick to adopt the latest programs. Stephen Hilton, managing
director and CIO of technology infrastructure for Credit Suisse, will have none of that. Known
for his stick-to-itiveness and indifference to flavor-of-the-week technology, Hilton has shown
leadership in building a unified culture and developed a reputation for his steady pace of
improvement.
As most Industry leaders know, since 2007 capital markets revenues have decreased rapidly,
resulting in budget cuts across the board. At the same time, most financial institutions had built
up significant fixed costs during the prior decade when revenues were high and budgets were
bloated. \"People were surprised that IT was not as variable as they thought it would be,\" says
Hilton, whose firm has a market capitalization of $42 billion and $1.3 trillion in assets under
management.
At Credit Suisse, only 30% to 40% of IT cost was allocated to staffing, reports Hilton. \"A lot of
the budget covers other IT assets, obligations, liabilities and licensing costs we built up over the
years that just are not variable in a short period of time.\" The only way you can really drive the
cost base down is through business process reengineering, he says, and that\'s exactly what his
team has been working toward.
\"It was quite a learning process for people to understand that. And if I\'m honest, that
realization, a very good realization, has actually changed the business attitude,\" Hilton says.
\"They\'re having different conversations with us now.\" Business leaders are aware that asking
for \"please do it quickly and just get it in\"-style requests aren\'t acceptable anymore. \"They
have to be more patient and more strategic in their decisions.\"
Challenge Silliness
While the old way of approaching technology may have been fitting given the short lifespan of
IT and massive innovation cycles, things began to change in the mid-2000s. For Credit Suisse
the focus shifted to optimizing the company\'s massive, complex infrastructure and improving
end user productivity. As CIO of technology infrastructure, Hilton prepared to make tough
decisions to meet company goals.
\"My view is that at the scale we now run at, process efficiency is key. I am a technologist, but
my master\'s degree is in mechanical engineering and making manufacturing decisions. So I
learned back in the late \'80s about industrialized processes and how to optimize factories. Those
skill sets are what I\'ve applied in the last five years.\" He adds, \"I very much encourage my
teams to be challenging partners. I\'ve spent five years really empowering them, saying, \'Look,
you\'re the experts. Challenge inefficiencies whenever you see them.\'\".
The figure below shows the chromosomes in a cell for some species (.pdf
The figure below shows the chromosomes in a cell for some species (\"pretend\" that
chromosomes are always visible for this exercise & ignore any nuclear membrane). 1. How
many chromosomes do you see? ___________ Is this haploid or diploid? What do the letters
represent? ___________ Why does the letter \"g\" appear only as lower case but the letter \"F\"
appears as both upper- AND lowercase (F & f)
Solution
1.The number of chromosomes is equal to the number of centromeres.Here in this case ,it is 6
chromosomes.
2.This is haploid as only single chromosomes are seen.
3.The letters represent the alleles of gene.
4.The letter \'g \'appears in the lower case because it is present only in recessive form while \' F\'
appears as both upper and lower case as it is present in both dominant and recessive forms..
The addButton_Click procedure should perform the following three tas.pdf
The addButton_Click procedure should perform the following three tasks:
1.add the integer entered in the numTextBox to an accumulator
2. display the integer on a separate line in the ListTextBox
3. display the accumulator\'s value in the sumLabel.
How can I accomplish this using a TextBox instead of an InputBox(with prompts)?
Solution
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*
*/
public class Cal extends Applet
implements ActionListener
{
String msg=\" \";
int v1,v2,result;
TextField t1;
Button b[]=new Button[10];
Button add,sub,mul,div,clear,mod,EQ;
char OP;
public void init()
{
Color k=new Color(120,89,90);
setBackground(k);
t1=new TextField(10);
GridLayout gl=new GridLayout(4,5);
setLayout(gl);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
b[i]=new Button(\"\"+i);
}
add=new Button(\"add\");
sub=new Button(\"sub\");
mul=new Button(\"mul\");
div=new Button(\"div\");
mod=new Button(\"mod\");
clear=new Button(\"clear\");
EQ=new Button(\"EQ\");
t1.addActionListener(this);
add(t1);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
add(b[i]);
}
add(add);
add(sub);
add(mul);
add(div);
add(mod);
add(clear);
add(EQ);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
b[i].addActionListener(this);
}
add.addActionListener(this);
sub.addActionListener(this);
mul.addActionListener(this);
div.addActionListener(this);
mod.addActionListener(this);
clear.addActionListener(this);
EQ.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{
String str=ae.getActionCommand();
char ch=str.charAt(0);
if ( Character.isDigit(ch))
t1.setText(t1.getText()+str);
else
if(str.equals(\"add\"))
{
v1=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
OP=\'+\';
t1.setText(\"\");
}
else if(str.equals(\"sub\"))
{
v1=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
OP=\'-\';
t1.setText(\"\");
}
else if(str.equals(\"mul\"))
{
v1=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
OP=\'*\';
t1.setText(\"\");
}
else if(str.equals(\"div\"))
{
v1=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
OP=\'/\';
t1.setText(\"\");
}
else if(str.equals(\"mod\"))
{
v1=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
OP=\'%\';
t1.setText(\"\");
}
if(str.equals(\"EQ\"))
{
v2=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
if(OP==\'+\')
result=v1+v2;
else if(OP==\'-\')
result=v1-v2;
else if(OP==\'*\')
result=v1*v2;
else if(OP==\'/\')
result=v1/v2;
else if(OP==\'%\')
result=v1%v2;
t1.setText(\"\"+result);
}
if(str.equals(\"clear\"))
{
t1.setText(\"\");
}
}
}.
A mistake occurs during lambda phage excision from the E. coli genom.pdf
A mistake occurs during lambda phage excision from the E. coli genome: a portion of the E.
colichromosome is excised with the phage genome, leaving behind a portion of the lambda
genome that includes the int gene. This defective genome is packaged and infects an E. coli
strain that is recA- (it lacks RecA). What do you think happens to this genetic material?
1) injected DNA is degraded
2) integrates into new host genome
3) The transferred portion of E. coli chromosome recombines with the new host genome
4) All of these are possible
Solution
The answer is Option no 1 that is injected DNA is degraded.
The defective genome does not carry int gene. So, the lambda phge cannot insert its genetic
material into host genome.
Homologus recombination and DNA reapir does not possible because the host genome is recA-
Strain.(rec A protein plays a major role in homologus recombination)..
Assume a System Engineering class has 27 students, of which one thir.pdf
Assume a System Engineering class has 27 students, of which one third are female and two
thirds are male. There were a total of 17 students (4 female and 13 male) that got the correct
answer to the first problem in their 8th homework assignment. What is the probability that a
male student got the correct answer?
Solution
total correct 17 srudents
4 female and 13 male
probability that male student correct answer = 13/27 = 0.481.
1.) Explain what type of mechanism and application use a marine ste.pdf
1.) Explain what type of mechanism and application use a marine steam engine and why?
2.) Explain the history behind a marine steam engine? and compare how it is used in today
society?
Solution
1 a)
Basic operation of a simple reciprocating steam engine
Components of steam engines
There are two fundamental components of a steam engine: the boiler or steam generator, and the
motor unit, itself often referred to as a \"steam engine.\" The two components can either be
integrated into a single unit or can be placed at a distance from each other, in a variety of
configurations.
Other components are often present; pumps (such as an injector) to supply water to the boiler
during operation, condensers to recirculate the water and recover the latent heat of vaporization,
and superheaters to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapor point, and
various mechanisms to increase the draft for fireboxes. When coal is used, a chain or screw
stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included to move the fuel from a
supply bin (bunker) to the firebox.
Heat source
The heat required for boiling the water and supplying the steam can be derived from various
sources, most commonly from burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air in
a closed space (called variously combustion chamber, firebox). In some cases the heat source is a
nuclear reactor or geothermal energy.
Cold sink
As with all heat engines, a considerable quantity of waste heat is produced at relatively low
temperature. This must be disposed of.
The simplest cold sink is simply to vent the steam to the environment. This is often used on
Steam locomotives, but is quite inefficient. Steam locomotive condensing apparatus can be
employed to improve efficiency.
Steam turbines in power stations often use cooling towers which are essentially one form of
condenser.
Sometimes the \"waste heat\" is useful in and of itself, and in those cases very high overall
efficiency can be obtained; for example combined heat and power uses the waste heat for district
heating.
Boilers
Boilers are pressure vessels that contain water to be boiled, and some kind of mechanism for
transferring the heat to the water so as to boil it.
The two most common methods of transferring heat to the water according are:
Once turned to steam, some boilers use superheating to raise the temperature of the steam
further. This allows for greater efficiency.
Motor units
A motor unit takes a supply of steam at high pressure and temperature and gives out a supply of
steam at lower pressure and temperature, using as much of the difference in steam energy as
possible to do mechanical work.
A motor unit is often called \"steam engine\" in its own right. They will also operate on
compressed air or other gas.
Simple expansion
This means that a charge of steam works only once in the cylinder. It is then exhausted directly
into the atmosphere or into a condenser, but remaining heat can be recuperated if needed.
Stars from what part of the main sequence are likely to become black .pdf
Stars from what part of the main sequence are likely to become black holes? Explain your
answer (You may need to look for additional information to answer this question) b)If you were
to look up into the sky for a few hours, and see 100 stars (or take a picture of 100 stars making
up a starfield), why would you see the particular stars that you see out of the billions of stars in
the Universe\'? Include two main reasons (Thinking about magnitude might help you answer this
question) C)Many variable stars are stars in the Yellow or Red Giant stages List at least two such
categories of variable stars.
Solution
a) Most black holes form from the remnants of a large star that dies in a supernova explosion.
(Smaller stars become dense neutron stars, which are not massive enough to trap light.) If the
total mass of the star is large enough (about three times the mass of the Sun), it can be proven
theoretically that no force can keep the star from collapsing under the influence of gravity.
However, as the star collapses, a strange thing occurs. As the surface of the star nears an
imaginary surface called the \"event horizon,\" time on the star slows relative to the time kept by
observers far away. When the surface reaches the event horizon, time stands still, and the star
can collapse no more - it is a frozen collapsing object.
b)
Whether we are able to see an object or not just depends only on the amount of light that is
reaching us and is independent of its size. If you cannot see an object, it just means that the
amount of light coming is not enough for your eye to discern it.
It is true that the angular size of stars is extremely small and that is the reason why no telescope
has ever taken a well resolved picture of a star. For us at the Earth, the atmosphere causes an
angular blurring by scintillation (which is why stars twinkle) and smears their size to about 1
arcsecond (which is 1/3600 of a degree).
Even for telescopes like Hubble which is above the Earth\'s atmosphere, the star\'s angular size is
too small to be resolved. But remember that each star produces a lot of light which is more than
enough for the eye to discern them. Hence we see stars; However they are too small; so we see
them as points and not disks (as you would with planets).
c)
Variable stars may be either intrinsic or extrinsic.
These subgroups themselves are further divided into specific types of variable stars that are
usually named after their prototype. For example, dwarf novae are designated U Geminorum
stars after the first recognized star in the class, U Geminorum..
List what you feel are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual ver.pdf
List what you feel are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual versus asexual reproduction,
and hypothesize what the mode of reproduction tells us about the stability of the environment
each of these types of organisms live integral
Solution
Sexual
Advantages: Increased genetic diversity
Disadvantages: Depending on availability of the other members of the species, it can be
impractical.
Asexual:
Advantages: Can always do it. No need for other individuals.
Disadvantages: Offspring are clones, decreased genetic diversity, which is potentially not ideal
for a population.
If the environment is stable and favorable, organisms prefer sexual reproduction to Asexual
reproduction..
Practice Problem 85 During Drosophila development, adult structures a.pdf
Practice Problem 85 During Drosophila development, adult structures are formed from clusters
of cells called imaginal discs, which are recognizable during larval and pupal stages. You are
interested in the genes expressed in imaginal discs, and you have identified two such genes that
are closely linked together Gene 1 is expressed in the imaginal discs that will become the adult
antennae Gene 2 is expressed in the discs that will become the adult wings and legs. A map of
the two genes is shown here. The arrows indicate the start of transcription. Gene 1 Gene 2
Solution
1. Insulator region acts as an insulator for the construct 13 where it is hiding the I band of
construct 8 . In the table it is showing presence in GFP in antennal discs only. And antennal discs
are expressed by Gene 1 only. So the answer is Gene 1 only.
2. Two enhancers, one for each disc type. In the wing type, it is present for construct 10 and in
leg discs it is present for construct 9..
Question 25 What disinfection treatment technology is most common for.pdf
Question 25 What disinfection treatment technology is most common for US municipal
wastewater treatment plants? Oa. UV light b. chilorine dioxide .sodum and calcium hypochlorite
d.ozone o disinfoction with chiorine
Solution
Ans disinfection with chlorine
In us municipal waste water treatment chlorine widely used for disinfection.
Marbles There are 3 red marbles and 2 blue marbles in a box. Two mar.pdf
Marbles: There are 3 red marbles and 2 blue marbles in a box. Two marbles are randomly drawn
from the box. What is the probability that both marbles are red? What is the probability that
there will be at least one blue marble?
Solution
Total=4+1+6=11 The probability is (1C4* 1C7)/2C11 =(4*7)/(11*10/2)
=0.5090909.
Name the two laws of inheritance proposed by Gregor Mendel and brief.pdf
Name the two laws of inheritance proposed by Gregor Mendel and briefly describe what they are
(2 pts each).
Solution
Mendels law of inheritance
First law : Law of seggregation states that two members of a gene pair called allels separatefrom
each other in formation of gametes. half of the gametes carry one allele and other half carry
another allele.
Second law : Law of independant asssortment states that genes for different traints assort
independantly of one another in the formation of gametes.
Third law ; Law of dominance states that one of the alleles is dominant and other is recessive
which is expressed only when both recessive alleles are present..
In the accompanying figure, note the variation in these closely relat.pdf
In the accompanying figure, note the variation in these closely related birds. What does this
illustrate? hybridization macroevolution hybrid inviability adaptive radiation allometric
radiation One critical requirement for life to arise on Earth was time for which to occur? The
salinity of the oceans to stabilize The Earth\'s various climates to stabilize Molecules to
accumulate and react with one another The atmospheric temperature to increase sufficiently
The ozone layer to form, so that the level of ultraviolet radiation was reduced What is most
likely to occur if a parasite accidentally introduced into the Great Lakes kills 95% of all living
organisms living in the lakes? fusion in a hybrid zone evolution of a surviving organism mass
extinction of the surviving organisms adaptive radiation of the surviving populations: allopatric
speciation in the surviving organisms.
Solution
Answer:
7. (d) Adaptive radiation
Adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species
into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new
resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches.
An example of adaptive radiation would be the avian species of the Hawaiian honeycreepers.
Through natural selection, these birds adapted rapidly and converged based on the different
environments of the Hawaiian islands..
In a library of 3000 songs, 50 are from a particular group. Library .pdf
In a library of 3000 songs, 50 are from a particular group. Library is shuffled and played until the
kth song from this group appears. Let Y denote the number of the song in shuffle where the kth
song from this group is played.
1. What is distribution of random variable Y? What values can the random variable Y take?
Solution
1.The distribution of the random variable Y is discrete probability distribution.
The values of Y can take any number from 0 to 50..
More from arbaazrabs (20)
Why is it important to use several sources of power and influence, r.pdf
Why is it important to use several sources of power and influence, r.pdf
What is special about the colugos teethLower incisors are comb-li.pdf
What is special about the colugos teethLower incisors are comb-li.pdf
write simple program in c++ in which source reads a file of integers.pdf
write simple program in c++ in which source reads a file of integers.pdf
Write an example of a unit test for a Class methods using JUnitfr.pdf
Write an example of a unit test for a Class methods using JUnitfr.pdf
whats in plasmaSolutionAnswerBlood is the fluid connecti.pdf
whats in plasmaSolutionAnswerBlood is the fluid connecti.pdf
What is a reason we want to write in a concise manner 1. To elimina.pdf
What is a reason we want to write in a concise manner 1. To elimina.pdf
What are the advantages of Credit Suisse’s new supplier managemente.pdf
What are the advantages of Credit Suisse’s new supplier managemente.pdf
The figure below shows the chromosomes in a cell for some species (.pdf
The figure below shows the chromosomes in a cell for some species (.pdf
The addButton_Click procedure should perform the following three tas.pdf
The addButton_Click procedure should perform the following three tas.pdf
A mistake occurs during lambda phage excision from the E. coli genom.pdf
A mistake occurs during lambda phage excision from the E. coli genom.pdf
Assume a System Engineering class has 27 students, of which one thir.pdf
Assume a System Engineering class has 27 students, of which one thir.pdf
1.) Explain what type of mechanism and application use a marine ste.pdf
1.) Explain what type of mechanism and application use a marine ste.pdf
Stars from what part of the main sequence are likely to become black .pdf
Stars from what part of the main sequence are likely to become black .pdf
List what you feel are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual ver.pdf
List what you feel are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual ver.pdf
Practice Problem 85 During Drosophila development, adult structures a.pdf
Practice Problem 85 During Drosophila development, adult structures a.pdf
Question 25 What disinfection treatment technology is most common for.pdf
Question 25 What disinfection treatment technology is most common for.pdf
Marbles There are 3 red marbles and 2 blue marbles in a box. Two mar.pdf
Marbles There are 3 red marbles and 2 blue marbles in a box. Two mar.pdf
Name the two laws of inheritance proposed by Gregor Mendel and brief.pdf
Name the two laws of inheritance proposed by Gregor Mendel and brief.pdf
In the accompanying figure, note the variation in these closely relat.pdf
In the accompanying figure, note the variation in these closely relat.pdf
In a library of 3000 songs, 50 are from a particular group. Library .pdf
In a library of 3000 songs, 50 are from a particular group. Library .pdf
Recently uploaded
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Event Link:-
https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-exploring-gemini-ai-and-integration-with-mulesoft/
Agenda
● Java 17 Upgrade Overview
● Why and by when do customers need to upgrade to Java 17?
● Is there any immediate impact to upgrading to Mule Runtime 4.6 and beyond?
● Which MuleSoft products are in scope?
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/
YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Shyam Raj Prasad-
https://www.linkedin.com/in/shyam-raj-prasad/
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Answers to Home assignment on UV-Visible spectroscopy: Calculation of wavelength of UV-Visible absorption
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptx
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students mobility to the Czech Republic within eTwinning project "Medieval adventures with Marco Polo"
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Presentation required for the master in Education.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS.
The geography of Taylor Swift - some ideas
Geographical themes connected with Taylor Swift's ERAS tour - coming to the UK in June 2024
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of other biological materials, Ownership and period of protection
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
This slide describes the research aptitude of unit 2 in the UGC NET paper I.
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/hqnndn05v4q5a4k4jd597rkdbda0fniiThe French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Recently uploaded (20)
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The PRIMARY structure of a protein isformed by alpha helices and .pdf
- 1. The PRIMARY structure of a protein is: formed by alpha helices and beta sheets formed by multiple polypeptide chains binding to one another formed by dehydration reactions that join amino acids together all of the above are true The PRIMARY structure of a protein is: Solution option C. The primrary structure of a protein is formed by dehydration reactions that join amino acids together. dehydration reaction removes H2O between two amino acids to form peptide bond. this is the native primary structure that consists of a linear chain of amino acids. alpha and beta structures are secondary structures. tertiary structure involves the interaction between different polypeptide chains.