Highlights:
* Analysis of the two most viable options for renewable energy target-setting.
* One option is a ‘decarbonisation-only’ EU target with voluntary national targets for renewable energy.
* Alternative is an EU-wide renewable energy target, broken down into binding national targets.
* Analysis shows that the latter option is most suitable in facilitating a European low-carbon economy.
* It could help to keep energy costs for industry and society at sustainable levels.
Roadmap for moving to a low-carbon economy by 2050Leonardo ENERGY
If global warming is to be held below 2°C compared to pre-industrial times, then all major economies will need to make deep emissions reductions. By 2050, the European Union could cut most of its greenhouse gas emissions. The European Commission has looked at cost-efficient ways to make the European economy more climate-friendly and less energy-consuming. With its Roadmap for moving to a competitive low-carbon economy in 2050, the European Commission has looked beyond short-term objectives and set out a cost-effective pathway for achieving much deeper emission cuts by the middle of the century.
The Roadmap is the main long-term policy initiative put forward to move the EU towards using resources in a sustainable way. It states that, by 2050, the EU should cut its emissions to 80% below 1990 levels through domestic reductions alone. It sets out milestones which form a cost-effective pathway to this goal - reductions of 40% by 2030 and 60% by 2040. It also shows how the main sectors responsible for Europe's emissions - power generation, industry, transport, buildings and construction, as well as agriculture - can make the transition to a low-carbon economy most cost-effectively.
Giuseppe Desogus, Engeneer at FOSTEr in MED beneficiary DICAAR (Department of Architecture - University of Cagliari), presents the energy issue and the European Union energy policy.
###
FOSTEr in MED project kick-off meeting was held in Cagliari, on February 26th 2013.
The total budget of FOSTEr in MED project is 4,5 million Euro and it is financed for an amount of 4,05 milion Euro by European union through the ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme (www.enpicbcmed.eu).
For more information, please contact: Project Management Office DICAAR Via Marengo 2 – 09123 Cagliari (Italy) Ph. +39 070 6755811 email management@fosterinmed.eu | visibility@fosterinmed.eu
More than 20 years ago, the EU vowed to fight the newly identified danger of climate change. Over time, it has developed a policy which is two-fold: on one hand, it looks at ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions inside EU borders and now has 2050 as horizon; on the other hand, it tends to lead by example and to push other big emitters to gather around similar emission reduction objectives.
Pursuing the idea of giving a price to carbon, the EU has put in place an instrument that would lead it towards decarbonisation: the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Launched in 2005, it has today become a complex system which is being reproduced in other parts of the world. The ultimate vision is one of a global carbon market leading to a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and thus mitigating the impact of climate change.
Roadmap for moving to a low-carbon economy by 2050Leonardo ENERGY
If global warming is to be held below 2°C compared to pre-industrial times, then all major economies will need to make deep emissions reductions. By 2050, the European Union could cut most of its greenhouse gas emissions. The European Commission has looked at cost-efficient ways to make the European economy more climate-friendly and less energy-consuming. With its Roadmap for moving to a competitive low-carbon economy in 2050, the European Commission has looked beyond short-term objectives and set out a cost-effective pathway for achieving much deeper emission cuts by the middle of the century.
The Roadmap is the main long-term policy initiative put forward to move the EU towards using resources in a sustainable way. It states that, by 2050, the EU should cut its emissions to 80% below 1990 levels through domestic reductions alone. It sets out milestones which form a cost-effective pathway to this goal - reductions of 40% by 2030 and 60% by 2040. It also shows how the main sectors responsible for Europe's emissions - power generation, industry, transport, buildings and construction, as well as agriculture - can make the transition to a low-carbon economy most cost-effectively.
Giuseppe Desogus, Engeneer at FOSTEr in MED beneficiary DICAAR (Department of Architecture - University of Cagliari), presents the energy issue and the European Union energy policy.
###
FOSTEr in MED project kick-off meeting was held in Cagliari, on February 26th 2013.
The total budget of FOSTEr in MED project is 4,5 million Euro and it is financed for an amount of 4,05 milion Euro by European union through the ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme (www.enpicbcmed.eu).
For more information, please contact: Project Management Office DICAAR Via Marengo 2 – 09123 Cagliari (Italy) Ph. +39 070 6755811 email management@fosterinmed.eu | visibility@fosterinmed.eu
More than 20 years ago, the EU vowed to fight the newly identified danger of climate change. Over time, it has developed a policy which is two-fold: on one hand, it looks at ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions inside EU borders and now has 2050 as horizon; on the other hand, it tends to lead by example and to push other big emitters to gather around similar emission reduction objectives.
Pursuing the idea of giving a price to carbon, the EU has put in place an instrument that would lead it towards decarbonisation: the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Launched in 2005, it has today become a complex system which is being reproduced in other parts of the world. The ultimate vision is one of a global carbon market leading to a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and thus mitigating the impact of climate change.
Energy costs are fast increasing in the United Kingdom. This is a major concern that is being a significant political issue at present. The UK Government is not only striving to handle the costs issues but also wants to present a energy strategy that will serve as a complete transition to a mix of renewable energy sources. Given this context, this report outlines a few key elements of the UK energy strategy going forward towards 2050. Particular points included are that of the mixed energy sources that will be present in the UK, the costs issue and a SWOT on some of the factors affecting the energy sector.
Determining primary energy factors for electricityLeonardo ENERGY
A primary energy factor (PEF) for electricity describes the ratio between end-user consumption of electricity and primary energy consumption. In recent years, the EU has implemented regulatory use of PEFs in the energy policy framework. As a result, PEFs now play a role in the regulation of production and consumption of electricity throughout Europe.
A key challenge is the lack of professional and/or political agreement on how the PEF shall be determined. Up until today, approaches used to determine PEFs have lacked foundation in objective methodologies, and the discussions have often been plagued by sectorial interest and political goals. Regulatory application of PEFs can create enormous challenges for European authorities and other energy market interests in the future. Depending on the case, the determination of a PEF may push end-users to alter their consumption of energy, decisions on energy efficiency and/or choice of energy fuels. Thus, PEFs may affect European countries’ ability to achieve long-term energy- and climate goals.
BIOMASS - A local ad renewable solution for energy securityAEBIOM2
During the AEBIOM Bioenergy Conference, AEBIOM dedicated one session to the Biomass Counts campaign which focused on biomass as a local and renewable solution for energy security.
The workshop which gathered more than 150 participants through live streaming and live presence, focused on how biomass can play an active role in reaching the EU’s energy security objectives, while tackling at the same time growth and climate change objectives.
Benedek Javór, member of the European Parliament presented the European Parliament initiative report on energy security mentioning that there is a clear lack of harmonization among EU energy policies and that the Initiative report bears too little attention to the important role of renewable energies such as biomass.
The event was reinforced by a factsheet which consists of facts and figures which support our statements.
This event was organized under the framework of the Biomass Counts Campaign, an initiative launched by the European Biomass Association (AEBIOM) to showcase the numerous benefits of biomass and highlight its key role in achieving EU’s objectives of economic growth, decarbonisation and energy dependency.
Energy efficiency, structural change and energy savings in the manufacturing ...Leonardo ENERGY
The first part of the presentations presents the energy efficiency improvements in the manufacturing sector since 2000, and the role of structural change between the different branches and energy savings. It will compare the improvements in Denmark and other countries with EU average. This part is based on ODYSSEE data.
The second part of the presentation presents the development in Denmark in more detail, and it will compare the energy efficiency improvement, corrected for structural change, with the reported savings from the Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme.
Recordings of the live webinar are on https://youtu.be/VVAdw_CS51A
Using Ground Source Heat Pumps for Renewable EnergyIJERA Editor
This paper provides background information on the current energy supply, energy demand, and energy sources in Kosovo. Moreover, it presents the country‟s current level of applying alternative energy sources. Additionally, this paper focuses on geothermal energy as a renewable energy resource with the potential to contribute to a sustainable use of resources to meet renewable energy and energy efficiency requirements of the European Union (EU), “EU 20 20 by 2020” policy. Hence, a careful analysis is included on how to approach the aforementioned targets through investments in geothermal energy through providing an energy consumption forecast and analysing geothermal energy projects in Europe and specifically in Kosovo. This paper carefully represents the potential usage of geothermal energy in Kosovo, renewable energy source targets, and it addresses the importance of laws, regulations, and reports regarding the utilization of this type of energy. Economic and environmental implications of investing in geothermal energy - geothermal heat pumps for the case of International Village are additionally analysed. Lastly, recommendations and conclusions, for future actions, are derived and addressed to relevant stakeholders, primarily policy-makers, and government representatives
Access to energy is at the heart of the economic development of any country. This slide shows the fundamental differences between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. To cope with climate change and to guarantee the planet survival, the world needs to take urgent action. In this scenario, solar energy is leading the energy shift. Furthermore, with declining investments cost, producing solar electricity for the purpose of self-consumption is on the rise. A solar self- consumption installation uses the PV electricity generated on-site to meet the energy needs of the consumer while minimizing or excluding the use of electricity from the utility grid.
Poyry - Europe’s energy future – the shape of the beast - Point of ViewPöyry
Decarbonisation requires large scale investment by European energy companies, but threatens their existing revenue streams. Financial investors are becoming wary of the power sector, and new sources of capital are urgently required. Meanwhile, Europe faces a policy dilemma; whether to rely on markets and a strong CO2 regime, or to build national solutions with government-channelled investment. Whichever way this dilemma is
resolved, the traditional role of the electricity companies must adapt: embracing innovation is the first necessary step to the future world.
Ya os hemos hablado en diferentes ocasiones de Renovate Europe, entre cuyos promotores se encuentra PU Europe, la asociación europea que promueve el uso del Poliuretano como solución eficiente en la construcción sostenible, y de la que IPUR es miembro activo.
Sus objetivos son claros y contundentes:
Triplicar la tasa de rehabilitación de los edificios existentes en 2020
Mejorar la eficiencia energética de los edificios existentes en un promedio del 80% sobre los niveles actuales de rendimiento
Recomendar soluciones efectivas como la financiación, la formación, etc.
Renovate Europe fomenta la rehabilitación del parque de edificios existentes europeo, a través de acciones de concienciación y diferentes programas de acción tanto a nivel nacional, regional y de políticas locales. Sus argumentos son claros y contundentes, y los encontramos condensados y recogidos en un decálogo que debería de convertirse en el manual que los principales responsables europeos deberían tener en la mesita de noche, 'It Pays to Renovate' ('Merece la pena rehabilitar')
Introduction to the EU Emission Trading SystemLeonardo ENERGY
The EU ETS Directive is the centrepiece of the European Union’s climate policy. It has created the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), which is a unique and quite com-plex system.
The EU ETS establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emissions allowances trading within 31 European countries. Its functioning is based on a “cap and trade” principle, which sets a cap on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations. Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances which they can trade with one another as needed.
Today, the EU ETS covers almost half of EU’s emissions and is part of the daily life of a large number of companies.
The EU ETS Directive represents the backbone of EU’s action against climate change, but it also works in combination with several other pieces of legislation in a delicate balance.
Our European system has very much evolved during the last 15 years. The existing legislation operates until 2020. It has set a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target in line with EU’s 2050 low carbon economy roadmap. The time has also come to discuss the post-2020 period and the European Commission will soon put forward a new proposal with a 2030 emissions reduction target.
Being the first one to have been setup, the European scheme is analysed and taken as exam-ple in other regions of the world where emissions trading starts being implemented.
This course aims at giving a presentation of the EU ETS Directive, the main features of the sys-tem, the balance with other pieces of EU legislation and at offering perspectives for the on-coming review of the scheme.
Energy efficiency first – retrofitting the building stock finalLeonardo ENERGY
Retrofitting the building stock is a challenging undertaking in many respects - including costs. Can it nevertheless qualify as a measure under the Energy Efficiency First principle? Which methods can be applied for the assessment and what are the results in terms of the cost-effectiveness of retrofitting the entire residential building stock? How do the results differ for minimization of energy use, CO2 emissions and costs? And which policy conclusions can be drawn?
This presentation was used during the 18th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy on February 3, 2022.
A link to the recording: https://youtu.be/4pw_9hpA_64
Electric Vehicles - State of play and policy frameworkLeonardo ENERGY
The objective of this report is to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact of a transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in Europe and of the barriers that currently impede the realization of this potential. The research and analysis contained in this document indicates that the EV holds enormous environmental, social and economic benefits for Europe. However, it also shows that despite some progress in the right direction, we are currently a long way from realizing it. For this potential to be unlocked to a material extent within a 2050 horizon, a series of barriers need to be surpassed through collaboration by all stakeholders. Details of these findings are provided and recommendations on how to increase EV market uptake and to leverage the potential of EV benefits are presented.
Energy costs are fast increasing in the United Kingdom. This is a major concern that is being a significant political issue at present. The UK Government is not only striving to handle the costs issues but also wants to present a energy strategy that will serve as a complete transition to a mix of renewable energy sources. Given this context, this report outlines a few key elements of the UK energy strategy going forward towards 2050. Particular points included are that of the mixed energy sources that will be present in the UK, the costs issue and a SWOT on some of the factors affecting the energy sector.
Determining primary energy factors for electricityLeonardo ENERGY
A primary energy factor (PEF) for electricity describes the ratio between end-user consumption of electricity and primary energy consumption. In recent years, the EU has implemented regulatory use of PEFs in the energy policy framework. As a result, PEFs now play a role in the regulation of production and consumption of electricity throughout Europe.
A key challenge is the lack of professional and/or political agreement on how the PEF shall be determined. Up until today, approaches used to determine PEFs have lacked foundation in objective methodologies, and the discussions have often been plagued by sectorial interest and political goals. Regulatory application of PEFs can create enormous challenges for European authorities and other energy market interests in the future. Depending on the case, the determination of a PEF may push end-users to alter their consumption of energy, decisions on energy efficiency and/or choice of energy fuels. Thus, PEFs may affect European countries’ ability to achieve long-term energy- and climate goals.
BIOMASS - A local ad renewable solution for energy securityAEBIOM2
During the AEBIOM Bioenergy Conference, AEBIOM dedicated one session to the Biomass Counts campaign which focused on biomass as a local and renewable solution for energy security.
The workshop which gathered more than 150 participants through live streaming and live presence, focused on how biomass can play an active role in reaching the EU’s energy security objectives, while tackling at the same time growth and climate change objectives.
Benedek Javór, member of the European Parliament presented the European Parliament initiative report on energy security mentioning that there is a clear lack of harmonization among EU energy policies and that the Initiative report bears too little attention to the important role of renewable energies such as biomass.
The event was reinforced by a factsheet which consists of facts and figures which support our statements.
This event was organized under the framework of the Biomass Counts Campaign, an initiative launched by the European Biomass Association (AEBIOM) to showcase the numerous benefits of biomass and highlight its key role in achieving EU’s objectives of economic growth, decarbonisation and energy dependency.
Energy efficiency, structural change and energy savings in the manufacturing ...Leonardo ENERGY
The first part of the presentations presents the energy efficiency improvements in the manufacturing sector since 2000, and the role of structural change between the different branches and energy savings. It will compare the improvements in Denmark and other countries with EU average. This part is based on ODYSSEE data.
The second part of the presentation presents the development in Denmark in more detail, and it will compare the energy efficiency improvement, corrected for structural change, with the reported savings from the Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme.
Recordings of the live webinar are on https://youtu.be/VVAdw_CS51A
Using Ground Source Heat Pumps for Renewable EnergyIJERA Editor
This paper provides background information on the current energy supply, energy demand, and energy sources in Kosovo. Moreover, it presents the country‟s current level of applying alternative energy sources. Additionally, this paper focuses on geothermal energy as a renewable energy resource with the potential to contribute to a sustainable use of resources to meet renewable energy and energy efficiency requirements of the European Union (EU), “EU 20 20 by 2020” policy. Hence, a careful analysis is included on how to approach the aforementioned targets through investments in geothermal energy through providing an energy consumption forecast and analysing geothermal energy projects in Europe and specifically in Kosovo. This paper carefully represents the potential usage of geothermal energy in Kosovo, renewable energy source targets, and it addresses the importance of laws, regulations, and reports regarding the utilization of this type of energy. Economic and environmental implications of investing in geothermal energy - geothermal heat pumps for the case of International Village are additionally analysed. Lastly, recommendations and conclusions, for future actions, are derived and addressed to relevant stakeholders, primarily policy-makers, and government representatives
Access to energy is at the heart of the economic development of any country. This slide shows the fundamental differences between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. To cope with climate change and to guarantee the planet survival, the world needs to take urgent action. In this scenario, solar energy is leading the energy shift. Furthermore, with declining investments cost, producing solar electricity for the purpose of self-consumption is on the rise. A solar self- consumption installation uses the PV electricity generated on-site to meet the energy needs of the consumer while minimizing or excluding the use of electricity from the utility grid.
Poyry - Europe’s energy future – the shape of the beast - Point of ViewPöyry
Decarbonisation requires large scale investment by European energy companies, but threatens their existing revenue streams. Financial investors are becoming wary of the power sector, and new sources of capital are urgently required. Meanwhile, Europe faces a policy dilemma; whether to rely on markets and a strong CO2 regime, or to build national solutions with government-channelled investment. Whichever way this dilemma is
resolved, the traditional role of the electricity companies must adapt: embracing innovation is the first necessary step to the future world.
Ya os hemos hablado en diferentes ocasiones de Renovate Europe, entre cuyos promotores se encuentra PU Europe, la asociación europea que promueve el uso del Poliuretano como solución eficiente en la construcción sostenible, y de la que IPUR es miembro activo.
Sus objetivos son claros y contundentes:
Triplicar la tasa de rehabilitación de los edificios existentes en 2020
Mejorar la eficiencia energética de los edificios existentes en un promedio del 80% sobre los niveles actuales de rendimiento
Recomendar soluciones efectivas como la financiación, la formación, etc.
Renovate Europe fomenta la rehabilitación del parque de edificios existentes europeo, a través de acciones de concienciación y diferentes programas de acción tanto a nivel nacional, regional y de políticas locales. Sus argumentos son claros y contundentes, y los encontramos condensados y recogidos en un decálogo que debería de convertirse en el manual que los principales responsables europeos deberían tener en la mesita de noche, 'It Pays to Renovate' ('Merece la pena rehabilitar')
Introduction to the EU Emission Trading SystemLeonardo ENERGY
The EU ETS Directive is the centrepiece of the European Union’s climate policy. It has created the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), which is a unique and quite com-plex system.
The EU ETS establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emissions allowances trading within 31 European countries. Its functioning is based on a “cap and trade” principle, which sets a cap on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations. Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances which they can trade with one another as needed.
Today, the EU ETS covers almost half of EU’s emissions and is part of the daily life of a large number of companies.
The EU ETS Directive represents the backbone of EU’s action against climate change, but it also works in combination with several other pieces of legislation in a delicate balance.
Our European system has very much evolved during the last 15 years. The existing legislation operates until 2020. It has set a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target in line with EU’s 2050 low carbon economy roadmap. The time has also come to discuss the post-2020 period and the European Commission will soon put forward a new proposal with a 2030 emissions reduction target.
Being the first one to have been setup, the European scheme is analysed and taken as exam-ple in other regions of the world where emissions trading starts being implemented.
This course aims at giving a presentation of the EU ETS Directive, the main features of the sys-tem, the balance with other pieces of EU legislation and at offering perspectives for the on-coming review of the scheme.
Energy efficiency first – retrofitting the building stock finalLeonardo ENERGY
Retrofitting the building stock is a challenging undertaking in many respects - including costs. Can it nevertheless qualify as a measure under the Energy Efficiency First principle? Which methods can be applied for the assessment and what are the results in terms of the cost-effectiveness of retrofitting the entire residential building stock? How do the results differ for minimization of energy use, CO2 emissions and costs? And which policy conclusions can be drawn?
This presentation was used during the 18th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy on February 3, 2022.
A link to the recording: https://youtu.be/4pw_9hpA_64
Electric Vehicles - State of play and policy frameworkLeonardo ENERGY
The objective of this report is to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact of a transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in Europe and of the barriers that currently impede the realization of this potential. The research and analysis contained in this document indicates that the EV holds enormous environmental, social and economic benefits for Europe. However, it also shows that despite some progress in the right direction, we are currently a long way from realizing it. For this potential to be unlocked to a material extent within a 2050 horizon, a series of barriers need to be surpassed through collaboration by all stakeholders. Details of these findings are provided and recommendations on how to increase EV market uptake and to leverage the potential of EV benefits are presented.
From Ugly Duckling to Superstar: how energy efficiency (almost) got to the to...FTI Consulting FR
Energy efficiency has long been promoted at European level. The European Commission has certainly made great efforts to support it and to ensure that energy savings can contribute to the EU’s energy priorities, namely reduction of carbon emissions, lowering of energy costs and increase of energy independence. The EU has introduced energy efficiency targets, created a regulatory framework to support energy efficiency and the uptake of energy efficient products and provided significant funding. However, so far energy efficiency has not lived up to its expectations, which is disappointing considering the huge amount of resources spent to promote it.
In this Energy Flash we look why the EU’s policies have so far have not had the desired effect, what is being done to change this and which sectors are best placed to benefit from the renewed efforts.
From Brussels to Paris and Beyond - ON Energy Report November '15MSL
MSLGROUP's latest edition of ON Energy Report looks at the evolving European Energy landscape in the context of the forthcoming jamboree that is COP21. With carbon reduction at the top of the agenda, we take a look at some of the challenges and opportunities that we face, and some of the communications needs that the industry has to grapple with.
For future updates, please contact Nick Bastin, Partner, CNC and Head of MSLGROUP’s EMEA Energy Practice at nick.bastin@cnc-communications.com.
Do share your queries/feedback with our team at @CNC_comms or reach out to us on twitter @msl_group.
2015: A Critical Year for the Energy Union - MSLGROUP Energy Report March '15MSL
MSLGROUP's latest edition of ON Energy Report looks at how 2015 will be a year of change for the European energy landscape across markets, politics, regulation and innovation.
The sixth report from MSLGROUP's European Energy practice, “2015: a year of unprecedented change?" carries in-depth commentary from the company's energy experts in Brussels, France, Italy, Sweden, the Netherlands and the UK. We hope you enjoy this latest snapshot from across the European energy communications landscape.
For future updates, please contact Nick Bastin, Partner, CNC and Head of MSLGROUP’s EMEA Energy Practice at nick.bastin@cnc-communications.com.
Do share your queries/feedback with our team at @CNC_comms or reach out to us on twitter @msl_group.
The EU must decide as soon as possible on an energy and climate policy framework for 2030. This is so investors continue to invest, wind energy continues to grow and deliver all its benefits, and the EU can meet its greenhouse gas reduction commitments of 80-95% by 2050 in the most cost-efficient way.
External Costs: Socio-Environmental Damages due to Electricity and Transport
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
A perspective on infrastructure and energy security in the transitionIngeteam Wind Energy
The report from consultants Artelys and Climact, backed by WWF and others, finds that the existing pan-European infrastructure can manage wide-ranging demand levels and potential supply disruptions. Adding much more gas infrastructure is not only unnecessary for security of supply, it also creates a risk of expensive stranded assets.
Discussion Paper on the European Commission’s Energy Union - A Union Based on...Leonardo ENERGY
Leonardo Energy welcomes the Commission’s Energy Union document. It sets out a positive perspective and structured view of how the EU’s energy policy should be developed and implemented in a coordinated manner over the coming decades. The vision of the document is laudable as are the diagnoses regarding the overarching necessity of strengthening energy policy coordination across the EU and of building up governance capacity. These are indeed important priorities if the EU is to succeed in meeting its policy goals set for 2020 to 2050.
However, the challenges to achieving the EU’s energy policy objectives should not be understated or glossed over – they are quite profound and will require sustained efforts on a hitherto unprecedented scale to be addressed. In the end it is the detail of how the headline measures set out in the Energy Union document are designed and implemented, which will determine whether the energy policy objectives will be met or not. It is important to build on existing Directives and policy initiatives rather than starting afresh; but this process requires honest appraisal of the successes and limitations of the current initiatives and more fundamentally of the plethora of barriers to the development of the low carbon energy economy. In particular, the temptation to avoid or ignore difficult challenges will need to be resisted in favour of sustained and determined measures. This requires a collective effort by European policymakers at all levels.
Executive Summary for the IEA's annual World Energy Outlook, the 2016 edition. The Outlook predicts natural gas use will continue to rise, while coal will continue to fall. "We see clear winners for the next 25 years, natural gas, but especially wind and solar, replacing the champion of the previous 25 years, coal," said Fatih Birol, IEA's executive director.
A new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings performanceLeonardo ENERGY
What is the added value of monitoring the flexibility, comfort, and well-being of a building? How can occupants be better informed about the performance of their building? And how to optimize a building's maintenance?
The slides were presented during a webinar and roundtable with a focus on a new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings' performance, and their link with the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) for buildings as introduced in the EU's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD).
Link to the recordings: https://youtu.be/ZCFhmldvRA0
Addressing the Energy Efficiency First Principle in a National Energy and Cli...Leonardo ENERGY
When designing energy and climate policies, EU Member States have to apply the Energy Efficiency First Principle: priority should be given to measures reducing energy consumption before other decarbonization interventions are adopted. This webinar summarizes elements of the energy and climate policy of Cyprus illustrating how national authorities have addressed this principle so far, and outline challenges towards its much more rigorous implementation that is required in the coming years.
Auctions for energy efficiency and the experience of renewablesLeonardo ENERGY
Auctions are an emerging market-based policy instrument to promote energy efficiency that has started to gain traction in the EU and worldwide. This presentation provides an overview and comparison of several energy efficiency auctions and derives conclusions on the effects of design elements based on auction theory and on experiences of renewable energy auctions. We include examples from energy efficiency auctions in Brazil, Canada, Germany, Portugal, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, and US.
A recording of this presentation can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/aC0h4cXI9Ug
How auction design affects the financing of renewable energy projects Leonardo ENERGY
Recording available at https://youtu.be/lPT1o735kOk
Renewable energy auctions might affect the financing of renewable energy (RE) projects. This webinar presents the results of the AURES II project exploring this topic. It discusses how auction designs ranging from bid bonds to penalties and remuneration schemes impact financing and discusses creating a low-risk auction support framework.
This presentation discusses the contribution of Energy Efficiency Funds to the financing of energy efficiency in Europe. The analysis is based on the MURE database on energy efficiency policies. As an example, the German Energy Efficiency Fund is described in more detail.
This is the 17th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Recordings are available on: https://youtu.be/KIewOQCgQWQ
(see updated version of this presentation:
https://www.slideshare.net/sustenergy/energy-efficiency-funds-in-europe-updated)
The Energy Efficiency First Principle is a key pillar of the European Green Deal. A prerequisite for its widespread application is to secure financing for energy efficiency investments.
This presentation discusses the contribution of Energy Efficiency Funds to the financing of energy efficiency in Europe. The analysis is based on the MURE database on energy efficiency policies. As an example, the German Energy Efficiency Fund is described in more detail.
This is the 17th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Recordings are available on: https://youtu.be/KIewOQCgQWQ
Five actions fit for 55: streamlining energy savings calculationsLeonardo ENERGY
During the first year of the H2020 project streamSAVE, multiple activities were organized to support countries in developing savings estimations under Art.3 and Art.7 of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED).
A fascinating output of the project so far is the “Guidance on Standardized saving methodologies (energy, CO2 and costs)” for a first round of five so-called Priority Actions. This Guidance will assist EU member states in more accurately calculating savings for a set of new energy efficiency actions.
This webinar presents this Guidance and other project findings to the broader community, including industry and markets.
AGENDA
14:00 Introduction to streamSAVE
(Nele Renders, Project Coordinator)
14:10 Views from the EU Commission and the link with Fit-for-55 (Anne-Katherina Weidenbach, DG ENER)
14:20 The streamSAVE guidance and its platform illustrated (Elisabeth Böck, AEA)
14:55 A view from industry: What is the added value of streamSAVE (standardized) methods in frame of the EED (Conor Molloy, AEMS ECOfleet)
14:55 Country experiences: the added value of standardized methods (Elena Allegrini, ENEA, Italy)
The recordings of the webinar can be found on https://youtu.be/eUht10cUK1o
This webinar analyses energy efficiency trends in the EU for the period 2014-2019 and the impact of COVID-19 in 2020 (based on estimates from Enerdata).
The speakers present the overall trend in total energy supply and in final energy consumption, as well as details by sector, alongside macro-economic data. They will explain the main drivers of the variation in energy consumption since 2014 and determine the impact of energy savings.
Speakers:
Laura Sudries, Senior Energy Efficiency Analyst, Enerdata
Bruno Lapillonne, Scientific Director, Enerdata
The recordings of the presentation (webinar) can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/8RuK5MroTxk
Energy and mobility poverty: Will the Social Climate Fund be enough to delive...Leonardo ENERGY
Prior to the current soaring energy prices across Europe, the European Commission proposed, as part of the FitFor55 climate and energy package, the EU Social Climate Fund to mitigate the expected social impact of extending the EU ETS to transport and heating.
The report presented in this webinar provides an update of the European Energy Poverty Index, published for the first time in 2019, which shows the combined effect of energy and mobility poverty across Member States. Beyond the regular update of the index, the report provides analysis of the existing EU policy framework related to energy and transport poverty. France is used as a case study given the “yellow vest” movement, which was triggered by the proposed carbon tax on fuels.
Watch the recordings of the webinar:
https://youtu.be/i1Jdd3H05t0
Does the EU Emission Trading Scheme ETS Promote Energy Efficiency?Leonardo ENERGY
This policy brief analyzes the main interacting mechanisms between the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and the EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). It presents a detailed top-down approach, based on the ODYSSEE energy indicators, to identify energy savings from the EU ETS.
The main task consists in isolating those factors that contribute to the change in energy consumption of industrial branches covered by the EU ETS, and the energy transformation sector (mainly the electricity sector).
Speaker:
Wolfgang Eichhammer (Head of the Competence Center Energy Policy and Energy Markets @Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI)
The recordings of this webinar can be watched via:
https://youtu.be/TS6PxIvtaKY
Energy Sufficiency Indicators and Policies (Lea Gynther, Motiva)Leonardo ENERGY
This policy brief looks at questions ‘how to measure energy sufficiency’, ‘which policies and measures can be used to address energy sufficiency’ and ‘how they are used in Europe today’.
Energy sufficiency refers to a situation where everyone has access to the energy services they need, whilst the impacts of the energy system do not exceed environmental limits. The level of ambition needed to address energy sufficiency is higher than in the case of energy efficiency.
This is the 13th edition of the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy, and number 519 in the Leonardo ENERGY series. The recording of the live presentation can be found on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEAdYbI0wDI&list=PLUFRNkTrB5O_V155aGXfZ4b3R0fvT7sKz
The Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative Prod...Leonardo ENERGY
The Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative Product Efficiency Call to Action, by Melanie Slade - IEA and Nicholas Jeffrey - UK BEIS
Towards a systems approach in Ecodesign and Energy Labelling: How to make the...Leonardo ENERGY
View recordings of the workshop at https://youtu.be/06U1MXlLaNs
It is widely recognised that there are substantial additional energy savings to be made from taking a system approach – considering how products are combined and operate together. However, political ambition has not resulted in regulation. During this workshop, policy makers and key stakeholders will discuss implementation barriers and explore possible remedies.
The European Copper Institute commissioned research to look into the experience with developing system related ecodesign and energy labelling regulations to date (Brocklehurst, 2021). In their review, the authors analysed the common characteristics and challenges related to ecodesign and energy labelling of eight product groups that, at least to some extent, go beyond a ‘simple’ product.
During this workshop, the authors will present the findings of their study. Policy makers will be invited to present their views on taking the systems approach in ongoing product regulation initiatives. During a debate, we will invite stakeholders to share their experiences and views on systems approach in product regulation. We will evaluate implementation barriers and explore possible remedies.
PRESENTATIONS
* Welcome and introduction (Diedert Debusscher, ECI)
* A review of systems approaches in Ecodesign and Energy Labelling (Fiona Brocklehurst, Ballarat Consulting)
* Transforming product efficiency policy into system efficiency policy (Hans-Paul Siderius, Netherlands Enterprise Agency)
* Views from the EU Commission (Ronald Piers De Raveschoot, ENER.B3)
* Case study: Pump systems (Michael Könen, Europump)
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
Up the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our Organizationuptheratios
Up the Ratios is a non-profit organization dedicated to bridging the gap in STEM education for underprivileged students by providing free, high-quality learning opportunities in robotics and other STEM fields. Our mission is to empower the next generation of innovators, thinkers, and problem-solvers by offering a range of educational programs that foster curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking.
At Up the Ratios, we believe that every student, regardless of their socio-economic background, should have access to the tools and knowledge needed to succeed in today's technology-driven world. To achieve this, we host a variety of free classes, workshops, summer camps, and live lectures tailored to students from underserved communities. Our programs are designed to be engaging and hands-on, allowing students to explore the exciting world of robotics and STEM through practical, real-world applications.
Our free classes cover fundamental concepts in robotics, coding, and engineering, providing students with a strong foundation in these critical areas. Through our interactive workshops, students can dive deeper into specific topics, working on projects that challenge them to apply what they've learned and think creatively. Our summer camps offer an immersive experience where students can collaborate on larger projects, develop their teamwork skills, and gain confidence in their abilities.
In addition to our local programs, Up the Ratios is committed to making a global impact. We take donations of new and gently used robotics parts, which we then distribute to students and educational institutions in other countries. These donations help ensure that young learners worldwide have the resources they need to explore and excel in STEM fields. By supporting education in this way, we aim to nurture a global community of future leaders and innovators.
Our live lectures feature guest speakers from various STEM disciplines, including engineers, scientists, and industry professionals who share their knowledge and experiences with our students. These lectures provide valuable insights into potential career paths and inspire students to pursue their passions in STEM.
Up the Ratios relies on the generosity of donors and volunteers to continue our work. Contributions of time, expertise, and financial support are crucial to sustaining our programs and expanding our reach. Whether you're an individual passionate about education, a professional in the STEM field, or a company looking to give back to the community, there are many ways to get involved and make a difference.
We are proud of the positive impact we've had on the lives of countless students, many of whom have gone on to pursue higher education and careers in STEM. By providing these young minds with the tools and opportunities they need to succeed, we are not only changing their futures but also contributing to the advancement of technology and innovation on a broader scale.
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Canadian Immigration Tracker March 2024 - Key SlidesAndrew Griffith
Highlights
Permanent Residents decrease along with percentage of TR2PR decline to 52 percent of all Permanent Residents.
March asylum claim data not issued as of May 27 (unusually late). Irregular arrivals remain very small.
Study permit applications experiencing sharp decrease as a result of announced caps over 50 percent compared to February.
Citizenship numbers remain stable.
Slide 3 has the overall numbers and change.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 37
The Need and Necessity of an EU-wide Renewable Energy Target for 2030
1. DISCUSSION PAPER
THE NEED AND NECESSITY OF AN EU-WIDE
RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGET FOR 2030
Rolf de Vos, Thomas Winkel, Corinna Klessmann, Ecofys
April 2013
ECI Publication No Cu0186
Available from www.leonardo-energy.org
3. Publication No Cu0186
Issue Date: April 2013
Page ii
CONTENTS
Setting the scene: the debate on a post-2020 low-carbon policy portfolio is heating up......................................1
Defining 2030 energy and climate targets ...............................................................................................2
Why Europe needs renewable energy targets .......................................................................................................2
Two 2030 target portfolios are most prominent in the European debate.............................................................4
Case A: EU carbon target; EU-wide and binding national targets for renewable energy .......................5
Case B: EU decarbonisation target only, voluntary national renewables targets ...................................6
Aligning renewables targets with other energy and climate targets .....................................................................7
Required ranges of ambitions.................................................................................................................................7
Renewable electrification.......................................................................................................................................9
Conclusions...........................................................................................................................................................10
Recommendations................................................................................................................................................11
4. Publication No Cu0186
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The need and necessity of an EU-wide
renewable energy target for 2030
In 2020, some leading EU energy and climate policies will expire. At present, the EU and its Member States are
discussing the design of a post-2020 policy portfolio regarding greenhouse gas emissions and low-carbon energy.
The central question is: which portfolio provides the most cost-efficient pathways towards a low-carbon energy
system by 2050? This paper addresses the need and necessity of an EU-wide renewable energy target for 2030.
It analyses the two most viable portfolio options for renewable energy, target-setting in particular: one
‘decarbonisation-only’ EU target with voluntary national targets for renewable energy, and one that includes an
EU-wide renewable energy target, broken down into binding national targets. The analysis shows that the latter
option, when supported by appropriate and improved EU and Member States’ policies and measures, is most
suitable in facilitating a European low-carbon economy while keeping energy costs for industry and society at
sustainable levels.
SETTING THE SCENE: THE DEBATE ON A POST-2020 LOW-CARBON POLICY PORTFOLIO IS
HEATING UP
Currently, EU policies regarding climate change and energy are collected in the EU Climate and Energy Package,
also known as the Climate Action or ‘20-20-20’ package: 20% greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reduction, 20%
reduction in primary energy compared to baseline developments and a 20% share of renewables in energy
demand, all by 2020. Climate Action expires in 2020, except for some elements such as the emissions cap of the
EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which is set to decrease by 1.74% beyond 2020. The EU also has the
ambition to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% in 2050, compared to 1990, and limit global warming
to 2°C.
Most Directives in the package foresee a post-2020 update, ultimately by 2018. However, many stakeholders—
not in the least the European Commission itself—are urging to have earlier clarity on post-2020 targets and
policies. Investors need security and reduced regulatory risk as investment cycles are long. Also, clarifying the
objectives for 2030 will support continuous progress towards a competitive low-carbon economy and a diverse
and secure energy system. It will continue creating demand for efficient and low-carbon technologies, propelling
research, development and innovation. This creates new opportunities and economic growth.
Pathways for reaching the EU 2050 carbon target have been explored in the 2050 Roadmaps published by the
European Commission in 2011 (on the low-carbon economy and on energy). Meanwhile, almost 200 countries
within the UN framework of the climate change convention (UNFCCC) agreed to aim at international post-2020
agreements by 2015 (only two years from now).
An EU greenhouse gas emissions target for 2030 and beyond, with the Emissions Trading System (ETS) as the
main instrument, receives broad consensus. The debate now is primarily about the need to substantiate a carbon
target by specific renewables and energy efficiency targets. Some stakeholders and Member States prefer a
decarbonisation target only, while others argue in favour of a 3-target package: for carbon, renewable energy
and energy efficiency.
5. Publication No Cu0186
Issue Date: April 2013
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DEFINING 2030 ENERGY AND CLIMATE TARGETS
In the light of these backgrounds, we aim to answer the central questions:
Which portfolio for 2030 would be most effective in driving the objectives of climate and energy policy?
Why do we need specific renewable energy targets?
At what level should renewable energy targets apply (EU, Member States)?
What level of ambition is needed?
This paper analyses and explains the need for specific renewable energy targets for 2030. The analysis provides
evidence why specific renewable energy targets and supporting policies are inevitable and required,
complementary to an overarching greenhouse gas emissions reduction framework.
WHY EUROPE NEEDS RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS
There are a number of arguments that would favour specific renewable energy targets and policies,
complementary to targets and policies for greenhouse gas emissions and energy efficiency.
Renewables are the backbone of decarbonisation
Greenhouse gas emissions targets of any ambition will require the increase of renewable energy capacity. Most
scenarios show that cost-optimisation will lead to renewable energy sources to become the dominant
technology for emissions reduction. For example, the Impact Assessment of the EU Energy Roadmap (leading to
80-95% emissions reduction in 2050) shows that the optimal share of renewable energy (in gross final energy
consumption) in the EU will range from 55 to 75% in 2050 (28 to 31% in 2030). Other scenarios show more
ambition, with targets ranging from respectively 41%1
, to 42% and 48%2
renewable energy in 2030 (also see
section Required ranges of ambition). Renewable energy targets and policies are needed as signal of political
commitment and for investment certainty in order to encourage sufficient investments in renewable energy
(which are usually capital intensive and have long cycles).
National targets policies trigger local action
National renewable energy policies and targets are the umbrella over many existing local initiatives. Especially
in the last decade, many national, regional and local initiatives have brought renewable energy systems closer
to the market and the public. For instance, many municipalities and cities want to become ‘climate-neutral’ or
‘energy-neutral’ in the next decades.
High renewable energy shares have economic and other benefits
High renewable energy shares have economic and other benefits: for the environment (air quality), diversity and
security of the energy supply3
. The Impact Assessment of the Energy Roadmap 2050 confirms that energy
security and employment improve in scenarios with higher shares or renewables, while energy system costs are
comparable in all decarbonisation scenarios, and even lower than in a business-as-usual scenario. Meeting the
20% renewable energy target by 2020 is already estimated to create around 410,000 net additional jobs in the
1 Ecofys (2013) Renewable energy: a 2030 scenario for the EU. By the order of WWF – EPO. Available online at:
http://www.ecofys.com/files/files/ecofys-2013-renewable-energy-2030-scenario-for-the-eu.pdf
2 EREC (2012) 45% by 2030. Towards a truly sustainable energy system in the EU. Available online at:
http://www.erec.org/media/publications/45-by-2030.html
3 Import dependency is reduced to 35% in 2050 in the high RES scenario in the 2050 Energy Roadmap of the European Commission (compared to 40% in case of
a decarbonisation target only).
6. Publication No Cu0186
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EU4
. The related total gross added value of the renewable energy sector in the EU in 2020 would amount to a
substantial 99 to 129 billion EUR (0.8-1.1% of total GDP).
Creation of business opportunities
Renewable energy targets and policies support business in the supply chain, in manufacturing and in services.
Development of these domestic industries in the field of renewable energy is often the starting point for broader
business and international trade5
.
End-user prices are expected to increase independent of the decarbonisation path chosen
Current prices are primarily determined by the global price of fossil fuels, which is arguable difficult to control.
But well-embedded targets and policies as well as further levelling the playing field, will indeed drive down costs
of renewable energy, making energy price fluctuations less dependent of imports and global prices. Instead of
increasing costs, renewables have the potential to hedge the energy price risks for EU society and industry in
the medium and long term.
Cost reduction and learning
Globally, renewable energy targets have been set in many countries. These targets and related policies have
contributed to rapid price drops in wind and solar energy in the last decade6
.
Removal of (non-)economic barriers
Renewable energy targets and specific policies remove economic barriers. Policies that internalize external costs
(like health effects, environmental damage, and adaptation to climate change) already make renewable energy
more competitive by levelling the playing field. In addition, specific policies for low-carbon technologies address
specific economic barriers. Examples: research innovation subsidies, feed-in tariffs, obligations and other
instruments. See more about this in the text box ‘Looking for innovation’. Specific targets and policies also
contribute to the removal of non-economic barriers. Smoother procedures, improved spatial planning and grid
access procedures all contribute to increased competitiveness of renewable energy sources.
Looking for innovation
Greenhouse gas targets combined with carbon-neutral policy instruments like the EU emission trading scheme
will first trigger the deployment of more mature and relatively inexpensive low-carbon technologies (the low-
hanging fruit). There is a risk that currently more-expensive, innovative technologies are not developed in time,
which will increase the cost later on when they are needed (low dynamic efficiency). Specific targets and policy
instruments for renewable energy (and for energy efficiency) provide a strong incentive for an innovative
‘undertow’ of less mature technologies that have higher upfront costs or bump into other barriers, but have a
relevant long-term climate change mitigation potential (see Figure 1).
4 Ragwitz et al (2009) The impact of renewable energy policy on economic growth and employment in the European Union. Commissioned by the European
Commission, DG Energy and Transport, under tender TREN/D1/474/2006. Available online at:
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/studies/doc/renewables/2009_employ_res_summary.pdf
5 This especially applies to technologies for generating electricity from renewable sources.
6 IRENA (2012) Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2012. Available online at:
http://irena.org/menu/index.aspx?mnu=Subcat&PriMenuID=36&CatID=141&SubcatID=277
7. Publication No Cu0186
Issue Date: April 2013
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Figure 1 In order to reach the long-term GHG reduction ambitions
(-80% compared to 1990 levels), also less mature technologies need to be developed and deployed.
TWO 2030 TARGET PORTFOLIOS ARE MOST PROMINENT IN THE EUROPEAN DEBATE
Following the reasons for having renewable energy targets—at whatever level of ambition—we consider two
post-2020 low-carbon policy portfolios as most viable and realistic:
Case A concerns a combination of an EU decarbonisation target with an EU renewable energy target and an EU
energy efficiency target (the latter is not analysed here). This EU target will be broken down into mandatory
national targets for renewable energy for each Member State. This option therefore largely represents a
continuation of the present policy package until 2020, but with the incorporation of lessons learned on for
example (cost-) efficient policies and measures.
Case B is an EU decarbonisation target only. Renewable energy targets are only set on a voluntary basis on
national levels. Here a formal overall EU target for
renewable energy lacks, which implies that the
present mandatory national targets for renewables will expire by 2020.
An EU decarbonisation target is not or hardly disputed, as the EU has already set a decarbonisation target for
2050.
The next sections touch upon the added value of a renewable energy policy portfolio and the pros and cons of
Case A versus B.
The political climate is changing
The economic recession has put many national budgets under serious pressure and scrutiny. Short-term economic gains are prevalent
over long-term benefits, including climate change mitigation. While Denmark and others openly advocate a 3-target approach
(greenhouse gases, efficiency and renewable), countries like the UK, Poland, France and the Czech Republic prefer one ‘technology-
neutral’ greenhouse gas emission target with the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) as the main EU instrument. Similar differences
occur among market players, such as manufacturers, energy producers, suppliers and energy-intensive industries.
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
- 80% GHG
Mature
technologies
Less mature
technologies
8. Publication No Cu0186
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CASE A: EU CARBON TARGET; EU-WIDE AND BINDING NATIONAL TARGETS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
Case A basically concerns a continuation of the current 2020 Climate Action package: an overall 20% emissions
reduction target, supported by a 20% renewable energy target and a 20% energy efficiency target. The key
arguments regarding Case A are provided below.
Binding targets stabilize policies and create momentum
One of the most effective impacts of mandatory renewables targets at the EU-level is that (minimum) national
targets become more obligatory or even binding. As seen in recent years, this obligation stabilizes policies and
guides governments and the market. Without a framing EU target that is binding at the national level, countries
are able to lower their renewable energy ambitions. In the period 1995 – 2000, when there was no regulatory
framework in place, the share of renewable energy in the EU grew by 1.9% per year. After the introduction of
indicative and voluntary targets (2001 – 2010), the share of renewable energy grew yearly by 4.5%. With legally
binding national targets (2009 – 2020), the growth has further increased and will need to average 6.3% per year
in order to meet the 2020 targets.
Already in place
Most design elements of an EU-wide post-2020 renewables policy portfolio are already in place, like trajectories,
cooperation mechanisms, and a monitoring and reporting protocol for Member States.
Optimization of support through policy convergence and cooperation
Case A allows for a better alignment of support between Member States than in case B. An EU-wide target
provides more opportunities for balancing national renewables targets and policy instruments, among each
other and with the EU targets for renewable energy and greenhouse gases. Further convergence of policies and
support instruments through mutual learning or increased use of the cooperation mechanisms in the Renewable
Energy Directive (articles 7-11) has a large potential to reduce support cost, but only works if ambitions are
somewhat similar. In the context of the 2020 targets, enforced cooperation is estimated to save up to 6% of
capital costs and support expenditures for the EU as a whole7
. Also increased cooperation with third countries
provides significant opportunities for further societal cost reduction. The cooperation mechanisms can only
work (and be upgraded) in a binding EU renewables framework.
Full harmonisation of renewables support is difficult to achieve
One step beyond coordination is the harmonisation of national support schemes. Harmonisation can be defined as a top-down
implementation of common, binding provisions concerning the support of renewable energy throughout the EU. However, several
studies conclude that full harmonisation will be difficult to achieve due to domestic energy policy interests, cultural differences and
specific market conditions. Moreover, it could also prove to be more expensive than increased cooperation8.
Increased business opportunities through coherence and scale
While national targets imply a patchwork of smaller national markets, an EU-wide target provides the coherence.
This provides better opportunities for the development of a European renewable energy industry, because:
Many of the existing economic and non-economic barriers for effective deployment of low-carbon
technologies in the long term require a supra-national approach. For instance: electricity markets and
infrastructures are cross-border and are experiencing increased international cooperation. Changes
7 Ragwitz et al. (2012) RE-Shaping: Shaping an effective and efficient European renewable energy market. D23 Final Report. P. 60.
8 Gephart et al. (2012) Contextualising the debate on harmonising RES-E support in Europe A brief pre-assessment of potential harmonisation pathways. D6.1
Report within the context of the IEE project Beyond 2020 – Design and impact of harmonized policy for renewable electricity in Europe.
9. Publication No Cu0186
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Page 6
that are implied by increasing shares of low-carbon generation also require an EU-wide strategy, rather
than a patchwork of national strategies. Moreover, this would be in line with the establishment of the
EU internal energy market;
Supply chain and manufacturing markets, like for biofuels, wind turbines and PV panels, are
international markets. It is more effective to boost them on European scale than in selected countries
only. A European renewables target will provide a much stronger investment signal to investors than
voluntary national targets;
An EU target on renewables combined with specific policies and instruments hedges the risk of a low
carbon price. While the current low prices for emission allowances are no stimulus for innovation, it
has proven to be politically difficult to counter-act these low prices. Meanwhile, the renewables targets
allow for continuation of developments in renewables. It is therefore recommended to implement
several policy instruments that complement each other. Both a renewable energy target and an
efficiency target with supporting policies, reduce the risk that the carbon-only policy fails to deliver the
expected outcome.
CASE B: EU DECARBONISATION TARGET ONLY, VOLUNTARY NATIONAL RENEWABLES TARGETS
Case B describes the case where the EU establishes a carbon target, broken down into binding national carbon
targets for the non-ETS sectors. Within this framework, Member States are allowed to flesh out detailed and
voluntary policy plans, like for renewable energy and for energy efficiency9
. Some key issues of Case B are
described here.
Theoretic efficiency but low investment certainty
According to economic theory, a carbon-only target is market-based and (theoretically) most cost-effective
because the cheapest climate change mitigation technologies will be implemented first. The experience so far,
however, indicates that a carbon-only target combined with the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) as main
policy instrument, does not provide sufficient investment certainty for capital-intensive renewables
technologies; it also does not address the specific non-economic barriers that currently prevent several cost-
efficient energy efficiency options to be implemented in practice. A one-target approach may therefore not lead
to the efficiency predicted by theory and rational economic models.
Lower EU ambition due to voluntary renewable energy targets
For reasons of continuity, many Members States may extend their national renewable energy policies beyond
2020. However, without any binding EU framework for renewables, Member States are likely to become less
ambitious in their national target setting for renewables. Other Member States might decide not to develop
specific national renewable energy targets and policies at all.
The pre-2009 experience illustrates the shortcomings of indicative targets
Before 2009, the 2001 Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy was in force10
. This Directive
contained indicative targets for renewable power production for 2010. Even though only indicative, the targets
did put some pressure on the Member States. Also, the 2001 Directive required Member States to implement
national support schemes for renewable energy.
9 This case would still leave some flexibility to Member States. A more extreme scenario that is also discussed for Europe would be an “ETS only” scenario that
would not allow Member States to continue their national support instruments for renewable electricity installations that fall under the ETS. Such scenario
would have a very negative impact on future renewables investments, for the reasons discussed below.
10 Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy 2001/77/EC.
10. Publication No Cu0186
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By 2010, 11 out of 27 Member States reached their national targets11. Electricity from renewable sources reached
a 19% share in the EU, 2% short of the indicative target of 21%. By 2010, 11 out of 27 Member States reached
their national targets12.
Growth in the EU renewable electricity sector was mainly driven by a limited number of pioneering Member
States and only by a few technologies (onshore wind in Spain, Germany and Denmark, solid biomass in Finland,
Sweden, Austria and Belgium, solar cells in Germany, Austria and Spain)13. The inadequate rate of progress
towards agreed targets and the need to foster renewable energy development in all Member States were among
the reasons that prompted the adoption of the Renewable Energy Directive in 2009.
ALIGNING RENEWABLES TARGETS WITH OTHER ENERGY AND CLIMATE TARGETS
Specific renewable energy goals should be designed consistently with other EU climate and energy targets and
policies: the overall carbon target, ETS, the effort sharing for non-ETS sectors and—if applicable—a target for
energy efficiency improvement. In particular, the EU renewables target should be taken into account in the cap-
setting of the EU-ETS for 2030. Setting renewable energy targets for the period after 2020 also has to take in
account the direct link to energy efficiency. Renewable targets are easier to achieve if efficiency increases; the
same is true for greenhouse gas emission reductions. This implies that, for a good balance, also a (binding)
efficiency target is required.
Such fine-tuning was partly neglected when designing the 2020 Climate Action policy framework. Several recent
studies (e.g. Commission analysis on the 2050 low-carbon roadmap14
and a study by Ecofys15
) identify the
discrepancy between the different targets. The combined impact of the 20% renewable energy share and the
20% energy efficiency target for 2020 leads to an emission reduction of 25 to 30% below 1990 levels. Additional
reductions in non-energy sectors would even add up to a total reduction of 32%. This exceeds the 2020
greenhouse gas emissions target of 20%.
REQUIRED RANGES OF AMBITIONS
Different scenarios have modelled renewable energy deployment up to 2030, under different assumptions.
Below we present the three scenarios developed for the EC Energy Roadmap 2050 (based on the PRIMES
model16
) and two projections on the basis of the Green-X model (as developed by the TU Vienna)17
. The results
are summarised in Table 1 below. The table presents the modelling results of total final energy consumption in
2030, the final energy consumption of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and related renewable energy shares.
Note that different scenarios assume different energy savings potentials. This leads to different shares of
renewable energy with comparable absolute amounts.
11 Based on Eurostat data, accessed January 2013
12 Based on Eurostat data, accessed January 2013
13 COM (2006) 849 EC Green Paper follow-up action Report on progress in renewable electricity {SEC(2007) 12} and COM (2009) 192 EC Renewable Energy
Progress Report {SEC(2009) 503 final}.
14 EC (2011) A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050. COM(2011) 112 final
15 Hohne et al. (Ecofys 2011). Consistency of policy instruments. How the EU could move to a -30% greenhouse gas reduction target. Available online at:
http://www.ecofys.com/files/files/ecofysreportconsistencypolicyinstruments20110413.pdf
16 The PRIMES model is developed by the National Technical University of Athens and was used in the EC Energy Roadmap 2050. Figures presented here are
derived from the Roadmap’s Impact Assessment.
17 The Green-X model is developed by the TU Vienna and has been updated regularly since. The figures presented in this paper are derived from the modelling
done for the RE-Shaping project. For more information see Ragwitz et al. (2012) D23 Final Report: RE-Shaping: Shaping an effective and efficient European
renewable energy market.
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The lowest projection of the absolute amount of final energy consumption of renewable energy is the result of
a business-as-usual scenario (Green-X BAU) and leads to 10 ExaJoule (EJ) in 2030. This corresponds to a 19%
renewable share in 2030. The highest projected absolute amount of renewable energy absolute follows the
Green-X Strengthened National Policies (SNP) scenario and totals 16.3 EJ with a share of 31% in 2030. The latter
scenario largely extends the 2020 Climate Action Package to 2030 and includes further optimisation of national
policies towards 2030, including strengthened cooperation18
.
TABLE 1 PROJECTED DEVELOPMENTS FOR 2030 OF TOTAL FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION, FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES (RES) AND SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM TOTAL FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
BETWEEN THE UPPER AND LOWER LIMITS ARE THE THREE MOST RELEVANT AND DISTINCTIVE SCENARIOS OF THE ENERGY
ROADMAP 2050. THE EC CURRENT POLICY INITIATIVE (CPI) SCENARIO IS AN UPDATED BUSINESS-AS-USUAL SCENARIO (BAU),
INCORPORATING POLICY AND MARKET DEVELOPMENTS UNTIL EARLY 2012. THIS SCENARIO PROJECTS A SHARE OF 25% IN
2030.
The EC carbon-target-only scenario assumes a decarbonisation pathway without specific support measures for
energy efficiency and renewable energy after 2020. This scenario assumes acceptance and large-scale
deployment of nuclear and carbon capture and storage (CCS)22
and leads to a share of 28%.
Finally, the EC High RES scenario aims to achieve a high overall RES share and higher RES penetration in power
generation, mainly relying on domestic supply. This scenario leads a RES share that is comparable with the
Green-X SNP scenario (31% in 2030), but the latter projects higher total final energy consumption23
.
18 Including the mitigation of all prevailing non-economic barriers and moderate cooperation between MS in the period between 2020 and 2030
19 The Energy Roadmap 2050 refers to this scenario as the Diversified Supply Technologies scenario (ETS-without specific res and EE policies after 2020).
20 In final energy.
21 In the TER heat pumps are treated as being an energy savings measures, rather than as a renewable energy supply option, in line with the EC scenarios for
the Energy Roadmap 2050. The Green-X scenarios regard heat pumps as supply options.
22 All decarbonisation scenarios build on the Current Policy Initiatives scenario (reflecting measures up to 2020) and are driven by carbon pricing to reach some
85% energy related CO2 reductions by 2050 (40% by 2030). This is consistent with the 80% reduction of GHG emissions. Transport measures (energy efficiency
standards, low carbon fuels, infrastructure, pricing and transport planning) as reflected in the Transport White Paper are included in all scenarios. All scenarios
will reflect significant development of electrical storage and interconnections (with the highest requirements in the High RES scenario).
23 Further information on the assumptions behind the modelling done for the Energy Roadmap 2050 and PRIMES models can be found in the Commission Staff
Working Paper SEC(2011) 1565, part 1 and 2.
Green-X EC Energy roadmap Ecofys
BAU (high
demand)
SNP (ref.)
EC CPI
(updated BAU)
EC Carbon
Target Only19 EC High RES
EU-27 100%
RES scenario
Total Final Energy
(EJ)
52 48 45 46 38
RES Final Energy (EJ) 10 16 12 13 14 16
RES Share (%)20 19% 31% 25% 28% 31% 41%21
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PUTTING THE EU ON TRACK FOR 100% RENEWABLE ENERGY
A recent scenario exercise performed by Ecofys24 for WWF shows that a share of 41%25 renewable energy for 2030 would be needed
to meet the EU’s long-term ambition to keep the global temperature rise within 2 degrees Celsius, as agreed by world leaders and
regarded crucial to keep the negative consequences of climate change within acceptable limits. Achieving a 41% renewable energy
share by 2030 could put the EU on a track to delivering a nearly 100% renewably powered energy system by 2050. The analysis also
shows that the EU has the potential to be using at least 38% less energy compared to a business-as-usual projection26 and, by doing
both, could reduce its energy related greenhouse emissions by 50% compared to 1990 levels27. The projected absolute amounts of
renewable energy production correspond largely to the Green-X SNP scenario, but the Ecofys analysis assumes strong energy
efficiency improvements. Therefore the share of renewable energy is larger (41%, compared to 31% in the Green-X SNP scenario (see
Table 1).
RENEWABLE ELECTRIFICATION
The different scenarios agree on a substantial elec-trification of the European energy system: an increase of
gross electricity production of 20 to 25% between 2010 and 2030, or, expressed in final electricity consumption,
14 to 16%. This leads to shares of renewables in the total final electricity consumption of 29 up to 60%28
(see
Figure 2).
This significantly larger penetration of renewables has to be accommodated within the operation of electricity
markets. For example, demand response by consumers and industry will play an important role in both the
functioning of the market as well as to keep societal costs to a minimum. Grid development and connection of
renewables, increased levels of flexible generation and storage for balancing and related price mechanisms
remain key issues, and become increasingly important for the period after 2020.
Figure 2 Shares in 2030 of RES-E, RES-H&C and RES-T from total final energy consumption of electricity, heating
& cooling and transport fuels in the different scenarios. Green-X does not provide any shares for RES-H&C and
RES-T.
Despite the increasing role of electricity, policies and instruments for the further deployment of renewable
heating applications deserve particular attention as they are projected to play an important role in any scenario
24 Ecofys (2013) Renewable energy: a 2030 scenario for the EU. The background report is available online: http://www.ecofys.com/en/publication/renewable-
energy-a-2030-scenario-for-the-eu/. WWF (2013) Re-energising Putting the EU on track for 100% renewable energy. Available online:
http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/res_report_final_1.pdf
25 This is equivalent to 16 exajoule (EJ) final energy consumption.
26 Energy savings on primary energy are estimated to be ~38% in this scenario compared to the 2007 baseline.
27 Further information on the assumptions behind the modelling done for the Energy Roadmap 2050 and PRIMES models can be found in the Commission Staff
Working Paper SEC(2011) 1565, part 1 and 2.
28 This corresponds to a share of renewable electricity of about 56% from total renewable energy consumption in the SNP scenario, compared to 29% in a
business-as-usual scenario. The EC/PRIMES scenarios do not provide any figures on the share of renewable electricity from total renewable energy consumption.
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for 2030. Renewable heating has long been neglected by Member States (while they are largely cost-effective).
Many (non-economic) barriers remain.
CONCLUSIONS
This position paper identifies the need and necessity of EU-wide targets for renewable energy, broken down
into binding national targets.
Renewable energy technologies are identified as a major contributor and complementary to any post-2020
greenhouse gas emissions reduction effort. One carbon target and instrument only (ETS) would, in theory,
incentivise the deployment of least expensive low-carbon technologies. However, in practice, this approach is
likely to neglect the need for long-term innovation and learning, and fail to bring down costs of less mature low-
carbon technologies. All scenarios show that leaving out substantial shares of renewables is likely to substantially
drive up compliance costs for deep emission cuts.
By implementing (voluntary) national targets for renewable energy, Member States can individually stress the
importance of renewable energy technologies for achieving their national carbon target, and value other co-
benefits for their national economy, including innovation, employment and security of supply. But such
voluntary and non-binding renewable energy targets arguably lead to an unbalanced and ineffective
development of renewable energy and its industries across Europe. Therefore, an EU decarbonisation-only
target will be less effective in bringing down costs and to lower the non-economic barriers for renewables. The
incurred extra costs will be shifted to society, potentially affecting public support for greenhouse gas emissions
reduction. Extra costs will also influence European industry’s competitiveness and real energy prices for
households.
Extra consumer costs, as a result of renewables support, are a realistic concern. However, end-user prices for
businesses and households are expected to increase independent of the decarbonisation path chosen. The
Energy Roadmap 2050 suggests that the total energy system costs are largely comparable in all decarbonisation
scenarios. Current prices are primarily determined by the global price of fossil fuels, which is arguable difficult
to control. But well-embedded targets and policies as well as levelling the playing field further, will indeed drive
down costs of renewable energy, making energy price fluctuations less dependent of imports and global prices.
Instead of increasing costs, renewables have the potential to hedge the energy price risks for society and industry
in the medium and long-term.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
The conclusions lead to the following policy recommendations and actions.
We strongly recommend implementing an EU-wide renewable energy target, broken down into binding
national targets. Such an approach should trigger sufficiently ambitious policies and measures to reach
these targets. In combination with consistent carbon and energy efficiency targets, this is the best way
to keep costs of a low-carbon pathway towards 2050 low. The consistency of these targets will be key
for their success. Mandatory renewable energy targets will also create much more (co-) benefits for the
environment and economy, both for individual Member States and for EU as a whole. And finally:
mandatory renewable energy targets improve policy stability and reduce risks for investors;
A 2030 policy portfolio should strike a balance between concrete implementing measures at EU level
and Member States’ flexibility to meet targets matching their national circumstances. As was done for
the 2009 Renewable Energy Directive, any distribution of efforts should take into account the Member
State’s comparative wealth, industrial structure, energy mix, carbon and energy intensity and
exploitable resources;
Differentiated targets per Member State will also improve fairness, but sufficient flexibility is needed in
meeting them. Therefore, we also recommend increased cooperation among Member States. The
resulting EU-wide market for renewable energy has the potential to considerably reduce costs of
carbon compliance further;
Policies and instruments for the further deployment of renewable heating applications deserve
particular attention as they are projected to play an important role in any scenario for 2030. While the
share of renewable electricity is strongly increasing in all scenarios, including business-as-usual,
renewable heating has long been neglected by Member States (while they are largely cost-effective).
Many (non-economic) barriers remain;
Along with an EU-wide target for renewables, measures are required for typical EU-wide interests that
go beyond renewable energy technologies alone. These interests are already identified in different
developments but need to be strengthened in future policy portfolios. Some key examples:
o Modernizing and ‘smartening’ the power grid, including increased interconnector capacities;
o To create a genuine internal market for energy;
o Increasing the security and diversity of energy supply for the whole EU;
o Securing the MS’s economic interests by preventing discontinuity in international (renewable)
energy markets;
o International climate change negotiations will also play an important are role and will
determine the level of ambition and target. The EU has voiced the ambition to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions further by 95% in 2050 (instead of 80%), compared to 1990, if other
countries worldwide also agree on ambitious targets.
Given the various scenario exercises that have been conducted in the recent past, a share of 30-41%
renewable energy in final energy consumption by 2030 is deemed feasible, whereby the higher end of
the range is quite ambitious and asks for significant efforts to reduce the demand for energy and to
establish deep energy efficiency improvements. Some flexibility is needed here for target setting
beyond 2030, because the preferred pathways in ambitions renewable energy towards 2050 will
depend to a large extend on the overall energy use and the expected cost of compliance for industries
and citizens. The more cost-effective renewable energy technologies become, the higher the ambition
can be. EU-wide targets for renewable energy, broken down into binding national targets, will facilitate
this in a most effective manner.