The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity located between the two lungs. It contains the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, thymus and lymph nodes. The mediastinum is divided into superior and inferior portions by the transverse thoracic plane. The superior mediastinum contains the thymus, great vessels, trachea and esophagus. The inferior mediastinum is divided into anterior, middle and posterior portions by the heart and pericardium.