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The media plays a major part in all facets of U.S. society. Increased attention on criminal justice issues and criminal justice administration by the media creates opportunities and threats to the status quo of criminal justice policies and actions. Chapters 11 and 16 in your text discuss the influence of the media on criminal justice and the theories of justice. For this assignment, you will support the evaluation of public issues that criminal justice organizations face in ethical decision making and the creation of a set of standards for ethical and moral conduct in criminal justice situations. In your paper, Create an ethics policy for the media in handling the reporting of criminal justice issues and news; Examine the significance of political bias in reporting; and Create a foundation for the accurate and ethical reporting of news about the criminal justice system. The paper .
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Ethics, Media, and Criminal JusticeThe media plays a major part in.docx
Ethics, Media, and Criminal Justice
The media plays a major part in all facets of U.S. society. Increased attention on criminal justice issues and criminal justice administration by the media creates opportunities and threats to the status quo of criminal justice policies and actions. Chapters 9 and 14 in your text discuss the influence of the media on criminal justice and the theories of justice. For this assignment, you will support the evaluation of public issues that criminal justice organizations face in ethical decision making and the creation of a set of standards for ethical and moral conduct in criminal justice situations. In your paper,
Create an ethics policy for the media in handling the reporting of criminal justice issues and news;
Examine the significance of political bias in reporting; and
Create a foundation for the accurate and ethical reporting of news about the criminal justice system.
The paper
Must be three double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center
.
Must include a separate title page with the following:
...
Ethics, Media, and Criminal JusticeThe media plays a major part .docx
Ethics, Media, and Criminal Justice
The media plays a major part in all facets of U.S. society. Increased attention on criminal justice issues and criminal justice administration by the media creates opportunities and threats to the status quo of criminal justice policies and actions. Chapters 11 and 16 in your text discuss the influence of the media on criminal justice and the theories of justice. For this assignment, you will support the evaluation of public issues that criminal justice organizations face in ethical decision making and the creation of a set of standards for ethical and moral conduct in criminal justice situations. In your paper,
Create an ethics policy for the media in handling the reporting of criminal justice issues and news;
Examine the significance of political bias in reporting; and
Create a foundation for the accurate and ethical reporting of news about the criminal justice system.
The paper
Must be three double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)
.
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the course text.
Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
.
Community-oriented policing (COPS), problem-oriented policing (POPs).docx
Community-oriented policing (COPS), problem-oriented policing (POPs), and the zero-tolerance policing concepts are three criminal justice policy initiatives that were a major change from the traditional policing concepts of the 1970s. Marion and Oliver (2012) talk to each of these policies in Chapter 10 of
The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice
.
Initial Post:
Select one of these three policy initiatives, and examine the positives and negatives of the approach. Determine the effects of the criminal justice policy on the other elements of the criminal justice community—courts, corrections, and juvenile justice. What is the current presidential or other elected official’s stance on these programs? How do these policing concepts fit with the era of homeland security? Are these programs in line with social justice concepts? Support your claims with examples from the required materials and/or other scholarly sources, and properly cite your references with both in-text and APA citation at the end of your post.
.
Dynamics of Criminal Law_ Importance and Engaging Criminal law research topic...
Criminal law, a cornerstone of legal systems worldwide, plays a pivotal role in shaping societal norms, maintaining order, and ensuring justice. This article delves into the essence of criminal law and its paramount importance in fostering a just and orderly society. Law assignment help underscore the multidimensional aspects of criminal law and the support mechanisms available for students navigating this intricate field. Additionally, it will explore engaging criminal research topics that delve into the complexities and evolving dynamics of this legal domain.
Erik S. LesserStringerGe.docx
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Learning Objectives
• Review the ideological and financial obstacles to criminal justice system reform.
• Analyze the disconnect between popular assumptions and scientific evidence about crime.
• Analyze evidence-driven crime-control strategies in contemporary America.
• Understand options to reform to the criminal justice system in contemporary America.
• Contrast retributivism and restorative justice as guiding principles for criminal justice.
• Articulate the critical role of interdisciplinary approaches to criminal justice system reform.
Reducing Crime and Reforming
the Criminal Justice System
10
coL82305_10_c10_307-338.indd 307 7/5/13 4:23 PM
Section 10.1 The Challenge of the Status Quo CHAPTER 10
In August of 2010, after serving nearly 10 years in prison for two bank robberies, Lance
Brown walked out of a North Carolina prison a free man. Since his release he has been
struggling with poverty and homelessness and was forced out of a homeless shelter for
fighting with another patron. In April of 2012, Brown approached his parole officer and
asked what he needed to do to get put back in prison! His parole officer referred him to
a series of agencies and support services that Brown did not pursue. Instead, he walked
into the local courthouse in Columbus Georgia and threatened to kill the president of the
United States. However, officers did not believe that Brown’s threats were credible and
thus there were no consequences. Apparently frustrated, Brown exited the courthouse
and promptly threw a brick through the glass front door of the courthouse. Brown was
held in jail for 9 months awaiting trial. At trial he was sentenced to 1 month in jail and
3 years probation for malicious mischief. In court, Brown noted that his behavior would
result in shelter in a facility in which at least, “someone’s going to offer me a sandwich
and drink” (Associated Press, 2012, p. 1).
Many experts believe that the problem of crime in America is grounded in larger issues
of social structural marginality. Thus, issues like the economy, poverty, health care, and
education may be central in an encompassing crime-control strategy.
10.1 The Challenge of the Status Quo
One of the paramount challenges in criminology is developing systematic, evidence-driven and practical public policies to address the crime problem. However, pub-lic policy does not exist in a vacuum; developing, implementing, and evaluating
cost-effective and pragmatic crime-control policies is only part of the challenge. Many
experts highlight that changes in criminal justice policy include a series of obstacles. There
are ideological barriers to change given America’s historic support of “tough on crime”
policies. There are individuals and industries that benefit from the criminal justice system
in its existing form. And individuals and groups reap massive profits from committing
crime in America an ...
Select a policy from the list of examples found in Chapter 1 of .docx
Select a policy from the list of examples found in Chapter 1 of
Criminal Justice Policy
in Table 1.1 “Examples of Federal Criminal Justice Policies” (Mallicoat, 2014). In this discussion, you will evaluate your selected criminal justice policy by using one of the models (i.e., Packer’s, Feeley’s, or Cox and Wade’s) discussed in Chapter 2 of
The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice
(Marion & Oliver, 2012).
Initial Post:
After selecting one of the criminal justice policies as identified by Mallicoat, evaluate it based on one of the models identified in
The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice
, and explain your conclusions based on your evaluation of the current criminal justice system. In your examination of the policy process, determine if the policy under review is symbolic or substantive. Finally, determine the major goal and secondary goal of the policy based on Box 2.1 “Major Goals of the Criminal Justice System,” in
The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice
(Marion & Oliver, 2012). Support your claims with examples from the required materials and/or other scholarly sources, and properly cite your references with both in-text and APA citations at the end of your post. Your initial post is due by Day 3 (Thursday) and should be at least 400 words in length.
Examples of Federal Criminal Justice Policies
Controlled Substances Act (Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970) – Regulated the manufacturing, importation, possession, and use of controlled substances (both legal and illegal).
Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 – Regulates the over-the-counter sale of medicinal products containing ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine (products typically found in cold medications and used to manufacture methamphetamine).
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 – Enacted mandatory minimum sentences for drug possession.
Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 – Changed the sentencing ratio between crack cocaine and powder cocaine to 1 to 18 (previously a 1 to 100 ratio).
Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (Comprehensive Crime Control Act) – Created sentencing structure for Federal offenses, established the U.S. Sentencing Commission, and abolished Federal parole.
Sex Offender (Jacob Wetterling) Act of 1994 – Requires convicted sex offenders to notify policy of changes to residency and employment status.
Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 – Organizes sex offenders into a 3-tier system and mandates timelines for registration based on tier. Creates a national sex offender registry and provides for the civil commitment for sexually dangerous persons.
U.S. Patriot Act (2001) – Expanded the power of police agencies to gather intelligence data on terrorism suspects, and broadened discretionary powers to detain and deport immigrants suspected of terrorism.
Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 – Enhanced criminal punishments for Federal fraud la.
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Ethics, Media, and Criminal JusticeThe media plays a major part in.docx
Ethics, Media, and Criminal Justice
The media plays a major part in all facets of U.S. society. Increased attention on criminal justice issues and criminal justice administration by the media creates opportunities and threats to the status quo of criminal justice policies and actions. Chapters 9 and 14 in your text discuss the influence of the media on criminal justice and the theories of justice. For this assignment, you will support the evaluation of public issues that criminal justice organizations face in ethical decision making and the creation of a set of standards for ethical and moral conduct in criminal justice situations. In your paper,
Create an ethics policy for the media in handling the reporting of criminal justice issues and news;
Examine the significance of political bias in reporting; and
Create a foundation for the accurate and ethical reporting of news about the criminal justice system.
The paper
Must be three double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center
.
Must include a separate title page with the following:
...
Ethics, Media, and Criminal JusticeThe media plays a major part .docx
Ethics, Media, and Criminal Justice
The media plays a major part in all facets of U.S. society. Increased attention on criminal justice issues and criminal justice administration by the media creates opportunities and threats to the status quo of criminal justice policies and actions. Chapters 11 and 16 in your text discuss the influence of the media on criminal justice and the theories of justice. For this assignment, you will support the evaluation of public issues that criminal justice organizations face in ethical decision making and the creation of a set of standards for ethical and moral conduct in criminal justice situations. In your paper,
Create an ethics policy for the media in handling the reporting of criminal justice issues and news;
Examine the significance of political bias in reporting; and
Create a foundation for the accurate and ethical reporting of news about the criminal justice system.
The paper
Must be three double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)
.
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the course text.
Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
.
Community-oriented policing (COPS), problem-oriented policing (POPs).docx
Community-oriented policing (COPS), problem-oriented policing (POPs), and the zero-tolerance policing concepts are three criminal justice policy initiatives that were a major change from the traditional policing concepts of the 1970s. Marion and Oliver (2012) talk to each of these policies in Chapter 10 of
The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice
.
Initial Post:
Select one of these three policy initiatives, and examine the positives and negatives of the approach. Determine the effects of the criminal justice policy on the other elements of the criminal justice community—courts, corrections, and juvenile justice. What is the current presidential or other elected official’s stance on these programs? How do these policing concepts fit with the era of homeland security? Are these programs in line with social justice concepts? Support your claims with examples from the required materials and/or other scholarly sources, and properly cite your references with both in-text and APA citation at the end of your post.
.
Dynamics of Criminal Law_ Importance and Engaging Criminal law research topic...
Criminal law, a cornerstone of legal systems worldwide, plays a pivotal role in shaping societal norms, maintaining order, and ensuring justice. This article delves into the essence of criminal law and its paramount importance in fostering a just and orderly society. Law assignment help underscore the multidimensional aspects of criminal law and the support mechanisms available for students navigating this intricate field. Additionally, it will explore engaging criminal research topics that delve into the complexities and evolving dynamics of this legal domain.
Erik S. LesserStringerGe.docx
Er
ik
S
. L
es
se
r/
St
rin
ge
r/
G
et
ty
Im
ag
es
Learning Objectives
• Review the ideological and financial obstacles to criminal justice system reform.
• Analyze the disconnect between popular assumptions and scientific evidence about crime.
• Analyze evidence-driven crime-control strategies in contemporary America.
• Understand options to reform to the criminal justice system in contemporary America.
• Contrast retributivism and restorative justice as guiding principles for criminal justice.
• Articulate the critical role of interdisciplinary approaches to criminal justice system reform.
Reducing Crime and Reforming
the Criminal Justice System
10
coL82305_10_c10_307-338.indd 307 7/5/13 4:23 PM
Section 10.1 The Challenge of the Status Quo CHAPTER 10
In August of 2010, after serving nearly 10 years in prison for two bank robberies, Lance
Brown walked out of a North Carolina prison a free man. Since his release he has been
struggling with poverty and homelessness and was forced out of a homeless shelter for
fighting with another patron. In April of 2012, Brown approached his parole officer and
asked what he needed to do to get put back in prison! His parole officer referred him to
a series of agencies and support services that Brown did not pursue. Instead, he walked
into the local courthouse in Columbus Georgia and threatened to kill the president of the
United States. However, officers did not believe that Brown’s threats were credible and
thus there were no consequences. Apparently frustrated, Brown exited the courthouse
and promptly threw a brick through the glass front door of the courthouse. Brown was
held in jail for 9 months awaiting trial. At trial he was sentenced to 1 month in jail and
3 years probation for malicious mischief. In court, Brown noted that his behavior would
result in shelter in a facility in which at least, “someone’s going to offer me a sandwich
and drink” (Associated Press, 2012, p. 1).
Many experts believe that the problem of crime in America is grounded in larger issues
of social structural marginality. Thus, issues like the economy, poverty, health care, and
education may be central in an encompassing crime-control strategy.
10.1 The Challenge of the Status Quo
One of the paramount challenges in criminology is developing systematic, evidence-driven and practical public policies to address the crime problem. However, pub-lic policy does not exist in a vacuum; developing, implementing, and evaluating
cost-effective and pragmatic crime-control policies is only part of the challenge. Many
experts highlight that changes in criminal justice policy include a series of obstacles. There
are ideological barriers to change given America’s historic support of “tough on crime”
policies. There are individuals and industries that benefit from the criminal justice system
in its existing form. And individuals and groups reap massive profits from committing
crime in America an ...
Select a policy from the list of examples found in Chapter 1 of .docx
Select a policy from the list of examples found in Chapter 1 of
Criminal Justice Policy
in Table 1.1 “Examples of Federal Criminal Justice Policies” (Mallicoat, 2014). In this discussion, you will evaluate your selected criminal justice policy by using one of the models (i.e., Packer’s, Feeley’s, or Cox and Wade’s) discussed in Chapter 2 of
The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice
(Marion & Oliver, 2012).
Initial Post:
After selecting one of the criminal justice policies as identified by Mallicoat, evaluate it based on one of the models identified in
The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice
, and explain your conclusions based on your evaluation of the current criminal justice system. In your examination of the policy process, determine if the policy under review is symbolic or substantive. Finally, determine the major goal and secondary goal of the policy based on Box 2.1 “Major Goals of the Criminal Justice System,” in
The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice
(Marion & Oliver, 2012). Support your claims with examples from the required materials and/or other scholarly sources, and properly cite your references with both in-text and APA citations at the end of your post. Your initial post is due by Day 3 (Thursday) and should be at least 400 words in length.
Examples of Federal Criminal Justice Policies
Controlled Substances Act (Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970) – Regulated the manufacturing, importation, possession, and use of controlled substances (both legal and illegal).
Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 – Regulates the over-the-counter sale of medicinal products containing ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine (products typically found in cold medications and used to manufacture methamphetamine).
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 – Enacted mandatory minimum sentences for drug possession.
Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 – Changed the sentencing ratio between crack cocaine and powder cocaine to 1 to 18 (previously a 1 to 100 ratio).
Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (Comprehensive Crime Control Act) – Created sentencing structure for Federal offenses, established the U.S. Sentencing Commission, and abolished Federal parole.
Sex Offender (Jacob Wetterling) Act of 1994 – Requires convicted sex offenders to notify policy of changes to residency and employment status.
Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 – Organizes sex offenders into a 3-tier system and mandates timelines for registration based on tier. Creates a national sex offender registry and provides for the civil commitment for sexually dangerous persons.
U.S. Patriot Act (2001) – Expanded the power of police agencies to gather intelligence data on terrorism suspects, and broadened discretionary powers to detain and deport immigrants suspected of terrorism.
Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 – Enhanced criminal punishments for Federal fraud la.
Research and Policy DevelopmentAfter reading Chapter 5 of th.docx
Research and Policy Development
After reading Chapter 5 of the Mosher textbook, the article entitled "Internet Development, Censorship, and
Cyber
Crimes in China" by Liang and Lu, and the article entitled "'Snitches End Up in Ditches' and Other Cautionary Tales" by Morris, I can relate to how the contents of these sources affect research and policy development. While they are presented differently, these research articles have unique implications on the development of criminal justice policy. I am particularly drawn towards the text by Morris (2010). If members of the society such as teenagers can establish a culture that inhibits sharing information with formal authorities, one construct that is affected is the criminal justice public policy development process that depends on the ability of
law
enforcement to deliberate with members of the society to establish a consensus regarding which policies to pursue. Policing is a social process and if officers are denied information by the community through such codes, the criminal justice system cannot execute its mandate.
As a criminal justice leader, the National Crime Victimization Survey would concern me because this
survey
avails important information about the frequency of crime and the proportion that goes unreported (Ybarra & Lohr, 2002). When compared to the Uniform Crime Report, I would say that incident-based reporting provides official crime data and may be limited as with regards to its ability to provide a general view of crime rates that take place. In fact, it fails to capture crimes that are not reported to the police. As I have already mentioned, the “Snitches End Up in Ditches' and Other Cautionary Tales” is a particularly powerful article because it invokes action from criminal justice leaders. The action that I would take is to promote better relations between law enforcement entities and the community to establish a mutually inclusive work environment for better policy making.
References
Morris, E. W. (2010). “Snitches end up in ditches” and other cautionary tales.
Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
,
26
(3), 254-272.
Ybarra, L. M., & Lohr, S. L. (2002). Estimates of repeat victimization using the National Crime Victimization Survey.
Journal of Quantitative Criminology
,
18
(1), 1-21.
.
Running Head CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY LITERATURE REVIEW1C.docx
Running Head: CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY LITERATURE REVIEW 1
CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY LITERATURE REVIEW 6
Criminology and Public Policy Literature Review
Criminal Justice Capstone
Eric Butler
Argosy University
Abstract
The field of criminology in the modern community has become directly linked with public policy. The relationship between criminology and public policy has not fully been realized and this is impacting the different fields of criminology in the community. There have been different readings in the field of social policy and in relation to how policing can be an integral aspect in reduction of crime activities in the community. Although this is the case, governmental organizations have failed in the integration of effective policing to address emerging issues in the criminal community. The research will focus on the literature review of published and secondary data in addressing the importance of public policy participation in the criminology. The secondary data is also an essential affiliation based on the role played by crime related policies in the community. The review of the secondary data and its publications will offer the necessary foundations for accessing and discussing on the importance of public policy participation in criminology. In conclusion, the world of criminology is changing and this is influencing the participation of public policy in criminal justice.
Research problem
The aim of the literature review is to offer an extensive classification on the importance of public policy participation in criminal justice and especially in the field of criminology. In relation to the changing circumstance as exhibited by the drastic policing in the community and its society in areas related with criminal justice. Is the ever changing public policy and its influence in the social sciences in the 21st century a solution in curbing different challenges influencing and affecting criminology strategies in the community? The aim of the public policing is influencing how the community integrates with different aspects such as social issues influencing the community from leadership to peaceful integration with law enforcement.
Justification of the Topic
There is a clear distinction in the field of criminology especially in the reduction of drug related activities in the contemporary community. There are also a number of different criminal based activities which have influenced the criminal and law enforcements to develop strategies to curb the spread of crime. Although this has become an effective methodology in curbing and reducing crime, it has not always offered an ultimate solution. For instance, American community is recognized as the highest nation with a highest mass incarceration in the community. The use of laws has only increased the mass incarceration in population, hence, it has not helped in the reduction of crime. Due to the lack of effective reformation of the public policing, the cri ...
Running Head CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY .docx
Running Head: CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY 1
CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY 2
Criminal justice and community
Brian Zanca
American InterContinental University
Thesis statement
Criminal justice and community is a topic within Criminal Justice which is entitled in ensuring that citizens receive justice from crimes that arise within a society. The topic is meant to equip students in ways in which they can ensure justice prevails within a society; that is, all offenders and defendants are punished accordingly, within the justice system while the innocent are left to be free.
Hypothesis
One of the best ways of ensuring there is criminal justice within any society is by coming with rules and regulations that govern the society. Laws can be classified into two, that is, public law and private law whereby public law will involve matters that always affect a society as a whole while private laws also known as civil laws deals with relationships between or among people. With introduction of these laws and regulations there will be a solution towards criminal justice and community which is seen in the various importance of having laws within any given society. For instance, laws are to regulate or totally change the behavior of individuals of a society; this is as a result of the consequences associated with the breaking of any law established by the government or people of a community. Other than that, it is very common to observe arguments and disputes within every society where people are present. Even though, it is important to know that these issues or disputes that arise will always be solved by law which provides the guidelines to be followed in order to arrive into an agreement. Lastly, laws will ensure fairness within a society since the people concerned with solving crime issues within a society will always tend to lean on the laws that provide ways in which a case should be judged thus ending up into fairness to all individuals. To sum up, introduction of laws will ensure there is criminal justice in every society.
Measurement and analysis approach
The key points to be addressed in this research will include the top most crimes carried by the people of the society; the top most being the issue of murder. Murder has become a very big problem within the society which being attributed to be as a result of greed and jealousy among the people of the society (Grisham 2006). In addition, murder also results in places of riots whereby the police officers or any other government authority in charge of crimes may shoot into to the air to disperse the crowd thus resulting into death of some innocent citizens. Another key issue is the issue of drug taking and drug trafficking as well as the underage alcohol taking, which has been mostly observed to affect most of the teenagers and also the ...
2.1 The Commencement of Criminal Justice ResearchThe first.docx
2.1 The Commencement of Criminal Justice Research
The first efforts to produce and fund wide-scale research on criminal justice came in 1968
with the passage of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act (OCCSSA). This act
established the Law Enforcement Assistance Agency (LEAA), and within it the National
Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (NILECJ). LEAA, the lead agency,
provided grants to law enforcement agencies to improve public safety (most often to
purchase new equipment and personnel) while NILECJ was the research center of the LEAA.
As the criminal justice research arm of the federal government, the NILECJ (since renamed
the National Institute of Justice [NIJ]) was created to “advance scientific research,
development, and evaluation to enhance the administration of justice and public safety”
(Wellford, Chemers, & Schuck, 2010, p.14). It accomplishes this mandate by awarding
federal grants and contracts to universities, public agencies, and private institutions engaged
in research and demonstration projects that expand our knowledge of “what works” in
preventing and controlling crime, and by disseminating those findings to researchers and
practitioners. It may be surprising to learn that prior to the establishment of the NILECJ in
1968, there was no national agency encouraging, conducting, or disseminating criminal
justice research. Research was conducted by a few small, independent agencies (such as
California Institute for the Study of Crime and Delinquency, National Council on Crime and
Delinquency, and the Vera Institute), but there was no unified research agenda nor concerted
effort to organize or circulate the findings (Wellford et al., 2010).
This changed when Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of
1968 to provide federal monies to research criminal justice issues and to “provide more
accurate information on the causes of crime and the effectiveness of various means of
preventing crime” (Wellsford et al., 2010, p. 27). As a result of this funding, we expanded
our knowledge about crime control strategies and learned a great deal about policing
practices, and a few things about prison alternatives, drug treatment programs, and other
programs thought to prevent crime. Some of the well-known studies that you may be familiar
with that were funded as a result of this act include: the Kansas City Preventative Patrol
Experiment, the Newark and Flint Foot Patrol Experiments, as well as many other studies on
police response time, neighborhood watch programs, team policing strategies, crime
prevention through environmental design, fingerprinting, investigations, habitual criminals,
and plea bargaining (LEAA, 1978).
Only a few of the funded studies were methodologically rigorous by today’s standards. Still,
this was the first time that federal grant money was made available on a wide-scale for
criminal justice research, and the legislation was vitally important for the avenues of inquiry
it.
7Research and Policy Development Paper.docx
7
Research and Policy Development Paper
Research and Policy Development
This paper will be describe the importance of research as it relates to policy development within the field of criminal justice. Many different issues will be addressed pertaining to this subject. The purposes and types of policies within the field of criminal justice will be identified. The relationship between research and policy development will be described. Examples of how research can assist policy makers by informing their policy decisions will be provided as well. Two examples of policies that were developed within the past ten years that resulted from research within the field of criminal justice will be identified.
Research within Criminal Justice
Research methods are procedures for obtaining information on individual and/or aggregate phenomena for the purpose of creating a general explanation or theory to explain a phenomenon. Research is also used for testing the applicability of an existing theory to a subgroup of the population. Also research can be used for testing the effectiveness of an existing social policy or program. Much criminal justice research in the United States, as in other countries, is social science research. Creating a general explanation or theory to explain a phenomenon and testing the applicability of an existing theory to a subgroup of the population are critical to the dialectic of scholarly knowledge in criminology and criminal justice. Researchers take on many interests when it comes to criminal justice. Researchers such as the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) sponsor studies on police performance, prosecution, sentencing, and corrections; we study the nature of crime and criminal behavior; we examine such topics as juvenile offending, the drug-crime link, environmental crime, family violence, and gangs. Our science and technology unit develops techniques for criminal investigations and for other areas of law enforcement, such as the use of DNA evidence. (Travis 1995) The National Criminal Justice Association's (NCJA) policy statements address major interests and concerns of the organization's membership on contemporary crime and criminal justice issues, such as fear and violence in communities, prison overcrowding, juvenile justice and the prevention of juvenile crime and delinquency, federal funding strategies, racial disparity, reentry, information sharing, mentally ill, and evidence-based programs and practices. (NCJA 2017)
Purpose and Policies within Criminal Justice
The purpose of the researchers researching the policies is to we communicate the findings of these studies, with the emphasis on getting them into the hands of practitioners and policymakers in the cities, counties, and states of the United States -- to police chiefs and prosecutors, prison wardens and court administrators and, increasingly, to community organizations and people who provide social and health services. More than ever, we a.
7Research and Policy Development Paper.docx
7
Research and Policy Development Paper
Research and Policy Development
This paper will be describe the importance of research as it relates to policy development within the field of criminal justice. Many different issues will be addressed pertaining to this subject. The purposes and types of policies within the field of criminal justice will be identified. The relationship between research and policy development will be described. Examples of how research can assist policy makers by informing their policy decisions will be provided as well. Two examples of policies that were developed within the past ten years that resulted from research within the field of criminal justice will be identified.
Research within Criminal Justice
Research methods are procedures for obtaining information on individual and/or aggregate phenomena for the purpose of creating a general explanation or theory to explain a phenomenon. Research is also used for testing the applicability of an existing theory to a subgroup of the population. Also research can be used for testing the effectiveness of an existing social policy or program. Much criminal justice research in the United States, as in other countries, is social science research. Creating a general explanation or theory to explain a phenomenon and testing the applicability of an existing theory to a subgroup of the population are critical to the dialectic of scholarly knowledge in criminology and criminal justice. Researchers take on many interests when it comes to criminal justice. Researchers such as the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) sponsor studies on police performance, prosecution, sentencing, and corrections; we study the nature of crime and criminal behavior; we examine such topics as juvenile offending, the drug-crime link, environmental crime, family violence, and gangs. Our science and technology unit develops techniques for criminal investigations and for other areas of law enforcement, such as the use of DNA evidence. (Travis 1995) The National Criminal Justice Association's (NCJA) policy statements address major interests and concerns of the organization's membership on contemporary crime and criminal justice issues, such as fear and violence in communities, prison overcrowding, juvenile justice and the prevention of juvenile crime and delinquency, federal funding strategies, racial disparity, reentry, information sharing, mentally ill, and evidence-based programs and practices. (NCJA 2017)
Purpose and Policies within Criminal Justice
The purpose of the researchers researching the policies is to we communicate the findings of these studies, with the emphasis on getting them into the hands of practitioners and policymakers in the cities, counties, and states of the United States -- to police chiefs and prosecutors, prison wardens and court administrators and, increasingly, to community organizations and people who provide social and health services. More than ever, we a.
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages a.docx
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages and it has to be done by 12pm tomorrow what ever the price let me know because i need this done asap also do you remeber the assignment. The last paper is what you wrote for me can you use the same outline thatis in the last paper when you do it. We all hve to be in this as a group. Thank you and send me a handshake soon can you put an astract.
Differential and inequitable treatments that are encountered by racial and ethnic groups in policing, courts and corrections comes in various forms against mainly those of a specific/different race then that of their own, different religions, ethnicities and minorities, regardless of the type of hardship that an individual may encounter, prejudice of this sorts is a violation of human rights. There needs to be more training, education and understanding of those individuals that are singled out by society as well as the justice system, focusing more on the individual then the ethnic background of that individual, understandingly this could play a factor in some instances but not all. People have the right to be treated with respect and have the right to understand what is happening to them and why, we need more individuals that can act as an interpreter for those of the non-English speaking minorities, there is also a need for workers within the system that are aware of these cultures with knowledgeable backgrounds of the cultures history, this would make it easier for minorities to understand the procedures/charges and what is going on with them as associated to the circumstance (NCJRS, 1994).
Contemporary issues in cultural diversity, crime and justice, with all of the situations that have risen over the past years and currently pertaining to different type of racism, labeling, bias and prejudices we have a great need for extended training along with understanding within the cultural diversity field. Community relations that are effective as well as trusting are very important when it comes to proper policing and police-community relations. (NCJRS, 1993).
The history of Race, Ethnicity and Social Classism within the Criminal Justice System dates back hundreds of years but has changed over time from what was considered to be that of explicit racism to that of a more surreptitious manifestations and outcomes The treatment of minorities being the most profound civil rights crisis facing the United States of America in the new century (Leadership Conference (2017).
We are in a time where an individual are able to have more opportunities than that of earlier years having more individuals in positions of leadership/authority than ever before and along with that comes a chance for education and employment opportunities both being free of discrimination although by no means are we at a point within society that discrimination does not exist, this is a category in which individuals as well as society as a whole .
Criminal Justice A Brief IntroductionTwelfth EditionChapter.docx
Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction
Twelfth Edition
Chapter 1
What is Criminal Justice?
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Introduction
Crime: Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.
Procedural fairness is a vital component of the American justice system
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
A Brief History of Crime in America
(1 of 3)
1850-1880
Civil War, widespread immigration, crime epidemic
1920-1933
Prohibition, organized crime
1940s-1960
Crime rates remained stable after WWII
1960-1970
Civil rights movement, increase in reported crime
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
3
A Brief History of Crime in America
(2 of 3)
1980s
Sale and use of illicit drugs, President Reagan declared a "war on drugs
1990s
"Get tough on crime" era
2001
Sept. 11 attacks
USA PATRIOT Act increases investigatory authority of federal, state, and local police agencies
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
A Brief History of Crime in America
(3 of 3)
Early 2000s
Focus on corporate and white-collar crime, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Madoff
2010-
Declining rates of "traditional crimes, epidemic of mass shootings, inner-city murders, random violence sweeps public venues across the U.S.
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Figure 1–2
The Theme of This Book
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Note: Balancing the concern for individual rights with the need for public order through the administration of criminal justice is the theme of this book.
Source: Frank Schmalleger, Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, 12e, © 2018. Pearson Education, Inc., New York, NY.
6
Individual Rights vs. Public Order
(1 of 2)
Individual-Rights Advocates
Seek to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice
Public-Order Advocates
Believe that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Individual Rights vs. Public Order
(2 of 2)
1960s and 1970s
Civil rights era – strong emphasis on individual rights
Focus on guaranteeing the rights of defendants, attempting to understand root causes of crime and violence
21st century
Shift away from offenders as victims, now see offenders as a dangerous social predators
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Criminal Justice and Basic Fairness
(1 of 2)
Justice
The principle of fairness; the ideal of moral equity
Social justice
Li.
MCJ 6530, Critical Analysis of Criminal Justice Public.docx
MCJ 6530, Critical Analysis of Criminal Justice Public Policy 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Evaluate various types of public policy ideologies.
1.1 Summarize aspects of the problem-program-policy continuum.
1.2 Explore the concepts of law, policy, program, and project in criminal justice.
2. Compare and contrast internal and external influences on criminal justice public policy.
2.1 Discuss the internal and external analytical lens through which criminal justice public policy is
viewed.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
1.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 1
Unit I Essay
1.2
Chapter 1
Unit I Essay
2.1
Chapter 1
Unit I Essay
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1: Introduction
Unit Lesson
Introduction
This course is designed to introduce certain ideas related to criminal justice public policy. Also, during this
course you will be asked to assess the rationale of many topics:
deterrence and incapacitation,
drug policy,
sex-offender policy,
gang policy,
juvenile justice policy,
gun policy,
mass incarceration,
the death penalty,
intermediate sanctions,
white-collar offending policy,
human trafficking,
police policy,
correctional treatment and
rehabilitation, and
community-based crime control.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Introduction to Critical Analysis
of Criminal Justice Policy
(Dudko, n.d.)
MCJ 6530, Critical Analysis of Criminal Justice Public Policy 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Each of these areas has a certain history in the United States, and students will be expected to be familiar
with that history to help formulate new and revised policies in their professional roles as members of the
criminal justice system.
Gau (2019) points out that reaching consensus on a definition of policy is a difficult task, and the author
utilizes a preferred definition from the Oxford English Dictionary. Before delving into the specifics of the
various criminal justice policies covered in this course, it is important to understand and differentiate between
a policy, a program, a project, and of course a law or statute. Once that task is completed, you will focus on at
least one methodology used to assess public policy and examine whether a current policy should be revised,
if it should be a planned revision, or if it is an unplanned revision, which has its own set of disadvantages.
Additionally, a seven-stage model for policy revision espoused by Welsh and Harris (2016) will be presented
as an effective method of addressing criminal justice policies.
Law
To begin, the United States is not a democracy, it is a constitutional republic, and the U.S. Constitution and
the Bills of Rights are the law of the land. While the textbook alludes to the United States being a
constitutional democracy, that is, in fact, not true. The United States is a constitution ...
Week-3 Scholarly WritingReview the document, How to Benefit from.docx
Week-3 Scholarly Writing
Review the document, How to Benefit from Critiques of Your Work, located under your weekly resources.
Spotlight on Skills: Information Literacy: Finding what you need in the library
In this and other courses you need to find information, usually scholarly articles from the library, to support your learning activity. View the Northcentral Search Like an Expert Tutorial, located under your weekly resources, to learn how to Search like an Expert and find what you need efficiently in the vast holdings of the Northcentral Library. It is well worth your time!
Assignment
Your task this week is to locate two peer-reviewed articles in the NCU library that discuss current research on the topic addressed in your Week 2 assignment.
You will evaluate the two new articles as part of your Week 4 assignment. Make sure you save either the doi/permalink from the NCU library, or a copy of the articles you locate because you will need to provide either the links or those copies to your faculty along with your paper in Week 4.
In locating your articles, you may find it helpful to determine a more specific idea within the general topic that will help guide your research, not only for your Week 5 assignment, but also for other papers you will prepare later in the course.
Length: 2 research articles
You do not need to submit any documents this week.
US POLICIES ON TWO TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES, ILLICIT DRUG
TRAFFICKING AND CYBER-LAUNDERING, WILL NOT SECURE THE
HOMELAND FROM TERRORIST THREATS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
American Public University
by
First Name Last Name
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
of
Master of Arts
April 2012
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
1
A wealth of academic literature on transnational crimes has increased over the past decade.
In particular, illicit drug trafficking and cyber-laundering, are two of the most active crimes that
are being utilized to support terrorist organizations. The first of the resources for this research
paper comes from Jay S. Albanese’s 2012 Deciphering the Linkages between Organized Crime
and Transnational Crime from the Journal of International Affairs, Volume 66, Issue 1. The
significance of this particular literature is that it provides characteristics of organized crimes and
transnational crimes which is important for this study. The review of this literature highlights the
linkage between organized crimes and transnational crime while making the point clear that the
two are distinctively separate. By having a sound understanding in the particulars are critical as
US policies are reviewed and discussed for analysis throughout the research. The root conduct
of both organized crime and transnational crime parallels each other according to studies. A
synopsis of this literature provides distinct differences between transnational crimes and
international crimes .
Criminology.pdf
Criminology is the scientific study of the nature, extent, management, causes, control, consequences,
and prevention of criminal behavior, both on individual and social levels.
1. You are considering purchasing a consol that promises annual p.docx
1. You are considering purchasing a consol that promises annual payments of $4.
(LO2)
a. If the current interest rate is 5 percent, what is the price of the consol?
b. You are concerned that the interest rate may rise to 6 percent. Compute the percentage change in the price of the consol and the percentage change in the
interest rate. Compare them.
c. Your investment horizon is one year. You purchase the consol when the interest rate is 5 percent and sell it a year later, following a rise in
2. As you read the business news, you come across an advertisement for a bond mutual fund—a fund that pools the investments from a large number of people and then purchases bonds, giving the individuals “shares” in the fund. The company claims its fund has had a return of 131⁄2 percent over the last year. But you remember that interest rates have been pretty low—5 percent at most. A quick check of the numbers in the business section you’re holding tells you that your recollection is correct. Explain the logic behind the mutual fund’s claim in the advertisement. (LO2)
3. Given the data in the accompanying table, would you say that this economy is heading for a boom or for a recession? Explain your choice. (LO4)
4. What are the advantages of holding stock in a company versus holding bonds is- sued by the same company? (LO1)
Paper Week 8
Paper Week 8 2
What do Travis and Stone suggest as the "new professionalism," and do you agree?
I believe that the over all suggestion from Travis and Stone is a revamp of how we approach the work place as Law Enforcement. There is a professional standard that almost all work places should use, in this case Travis and Stone have set rules and guidelines for Law Enforcement. Some of these guidelines are also words you hear in the popular news media such as Legitimacy, Transparency, and Accountability etc.
The current American public demands such action now a days compared to the long and drawn out investigations of the past. This has helped bridge many gaps with the American public that often when not given answers will conclude their own, that or be driven by popular new media outlets to dread the worst.
I agree that Law Enforcement must always be a standard in professionalism, times change and so does that standard, so I agree that Law Enforcement must chance with it.
What is the promise of "Democratic Policing Reform"?
The term “Policing Reform,” has been used by many different politicians throughout time in a effort to oversee police reform in a political manner. The issue is that when you hear these terms from most politicians there is no plan that follows these baseless claims, so as a civilians your hearing talking points with no merit, with no execution. There are many agencies throughout the United States that have over watch groups and government monitoring groups that over see operations, often after an incident.
The goal of this policing is that by reforming police departm ...
Running Head CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM .docx
Running Head: CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 1
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 6
Research Questions
High incarceration rates are my research issue in criminal justice. Criminal justice comprises law enforcement agencies that include police, courts, and correctional services. Each of these parties has delegated roles to play in ensuring that citizens adhere to the law; they are protected, offenders are arrested, and prevent the possibility of people engaging in crimes (Telep, 2016). The criminal justice system has established processes that are established by the governments that control crime and enforce penalties on the people who violate the law. Therefore researching it engages in facilitating more thoughts and insights into the sector by enhancing more education into criminal justice studies.
There is the use of empirical research methods that are being used in determining the phenomena that affect the criminologists. The study furthers the criminal justice studies with both qualitative and quantitative research in evaluating the issues facing the sector. The education for the criminal justice parties interests me as I would like to understand the training offered to the people in the sector. The knowledge, they are provided within ensuring that they delegate their duties effectively and with great professionalism (Annie, 2020). The sector carries a large number of people who are crucial in ensuring that the laws provided by the Constitution are adhered to by citizens. There is a need for criminal justice to be improved to facilitate more insights on getting better methods for enhancing law adherence.
Another concept that relates to my issue of high rates of imprisonment is ethical practices in the sector. Law enforcers need to portray integrity and honesty in delivering their obligations to ensure that the conviction process does not favor particular individuals. The law enforcers' integral values need to be examined to ensure that people who are alleged to have broken the law are brought to justice through clear and concrete evidence (Heaton and Tong, 2016). The law enforcers should not engage in unlawful activities that cover up crimes for influential people in the society in the event of breaking the law. Ethics should facilitate the conduct of the criminal justice system in reducing imprisonment rates.
The issue of substance abuse that has increased in correctional facilities pose a major threat to the obligation of criminal justice protecting the public. This issue relates to the increase in conviction rates as the correctional facilities have failed to restrict the use of illegal drugs. The cases of heroin use in prisons may be a factor to consider in evaluating the increase in rates of conviction (Tilley and Laycock, 2018). The criminal justice system need to .
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The Mis-Education of the NegrobyCarter Godwin Woodson,.docx
The Mis-Education of the Negro
by
Carter Godwin Woodson, Ph.D.
First published in 1933 in
Washington, D.C. by Associated Publishers
The contents herein is the same as the 1933 Associated Publishers edition, except for the capitalization of
‘Black’, and ‘Negro’; the converting of ‘tribe’ to ‘group’, and the correction of a few grammatical errors,
edited by JPAS editor Itibari M. Zulu. Second, in this exercise, we also recognize a need for gender
balance or neutrality in the phraseology of the author, therefore we ask readers to consider the historical
and social context of this in any analysis, and thus acknowledge that this work should open a door for a
full critical and scholarly analysis of this historic book.
Contents
Foreword 2
Preface 3
The Seat of the Trouble 5
How We Missed the Mark 9
How We Drifted Away from the Truth 12
Education Under Outside Control 15
The Failure to Learn to Make a Living 21
The Educated Negro Leaves the Masses 27
Dissension and Weakness 31
Professional Educated Discouraged 36
Political Education Neglected 40
The Loss of Vision 45
1
The Mis-Education of the Negro by Carter Godwin Woodson
The Journal of Pan African Studies: 2009 eBook
The Need for Service Rather Than Leadership 52
Hirelings in the Places of Public servants 56
Understand the Negro 62
The New Program 67
Vocational Guidance 72
The New Type of Professional Man Required 80
Higher Strivings in the Service of the Country 83
The Study of the Negro 87
Appendix 88
Foreword
The thoughts brought together in this volume have been expressed in recent addresses and
articles written by the author. From time to time persons deeply interested in the point of view
therein presented have requested that these comments on education be made available in book
form. To supply this demand this volume is given to the public. In the preparation of the volume
the author has not followed in detail the productions upon which most of the book is based. The
aim is to set forth only the thought developed in passing from the one to the other. The language
in some cases, then, is entirely new; and the work is not a collection of essays. In this way
repetition has been avoided except to emphasize the thesis which the author sustains.
Carter Godwin Woodson
Washington, D. C.
January, 1933.
2
The Mis-Education of the Negro by Carter Godwin Woodson
The Journal of Pan African Studies: 2009 eBook
Preface
Herein are recorded not opinions but the reflections of one who for forty years has participated in
the education of the Black, brown, yellow and white races in both hemispheres and in tropical
and temperate regions. Such experience, too, has been with students in all grades from the
kindergarten to the university. The author, moreover, has traveled around the world to observe
not only modern school systems in various countries but to study the special systems set up by
private agencies and governments to educate the natives in their colo.
The mission of policing was described by the author as covering six .docx
The mission of policing was described by the author as covering six key areas: enforcing the law, apprehending offenders, preventing crime, predicting crime, preserving the peace, and providing services. With the advent of various forms of terrorism and transnational crime, the police mission has expanded beyond the traditional borders of burglaries and domestic disputes.
Beginning with the material conveyed in the assigned reading and presentation, select two scholarly articles from the university criminal justice databases, and integrate those resources to discuss the use of intelligence-led policing (ILP) and the development of fusion centers to equip law enforcement for their expanded mission. Finally, integrate within your discussion the impact of a Judeo-Christian viewpoint on ILP and the development of fusion centers.
500 words
.
More Related Content
Similar to The media plays a major part in all facets of U.S. society. Incr.docx
Research and Policy DevelopmentAfter reading Chapter 5 of th.docx
Research and Policy Development
After reading Chapter 5 of the Mosher textbook, the article entitled "Internet Development, Censorship, and
Cyber
Crimes in China" by Liang and Lu, and the article entitled "'Snitches End Up in Ditches' and Other Cautionary Tales" by Morris, I can relate to how the contents of these sources affect research and policy development. While they are presented differently, these research articles have unique implications on the development of criminal justice policy. I am particularly drawn towards the text by Morris (2010). If members of the society such as teenagers can establish a culture that inhibits sharing information with formal authorities, one construct that is affected is the criminal justice public policy development process that depends on the ability of
law
enforcement to deliberate with members of the society to establish a consensus regarding which policies to pursue. Policing is a social process and if officers are denied information by the community through such codes, the criminal justice system cannot execute its mandate.
As a criminal justice leader, the National Crime Victimization Survey would concern me because this
survey
avails important information about the frequency of crime and the proportion that goes unreported (Ybarra & Lohr, 2002). When compared to the Uniform Crime Report, I would say that incident-based reporting provides official crime data and may be limited as with regards to its ability to provide a general view of crime rates that take place. In fact, it fails to capture crimes that are not reported to the police. As I have already mentioned, the “Snitches End Up in Ditches' and Other Cautionary Tales” is a particularly powerful article because it invokes action from criminal justice leaders. The action that I would take is to promote better relations between law enforcement entities and the community to establish a mutually inclusive work environment for better policy making.
References
Morris, E. W. (2010). “Snitches end up in ditches” and other cautionary tales.
Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
,
26
(3), 254-272.
Ybarra, L. M., & Lohr, S. L. (2002). Estimates of repeat victimization using the National Crime Victimization Survey.
Journal of Quantitative Criminology
,
18
(1), 1-21.
.
Running Head CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY LITERATURE REVIEW1C.docx
Running Head: CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY LITERATURE REVIEW 1
CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY LITERATURE REVIEW 6
Criminology and Public Policy Literature Review
Criminal Justice Capstone
Eric Butler
Argosy University
Abstract
The field of criminology in the modern community has become directly linked with public policy. The relationship between criminology and public policy has not fully been realized and this is impacting the different fields of criminology in the community. There have been different readings in the field of social policy and in relation to how policing can be an integral aspect in reduction of crime activities in the community. Although this is the case, governmental organizations have failed in the integration of effective policing to address emerging issues in the criminal community. The research will focus on the literature review of published and secondary data in addressing the importance of public policy participation in the criminology. The secondary data is also an essential affiliation based on the role played by crime related policies in the community. The review of the secondary data and its publications will offer the necessary foundations for accessing and discussing on the importance of public policy participation in criminology. In conclusion, the world of criminology is changing and this is influencing the participation of public policy in criminal justice.
Research problem
The aim of the literature review is to offer an extensive classification on the importance of public policy participation in criminal justice and especially in the field of criminology. In relation to the changing circumstance as exhibited by the drastic policing in the community and its society in areas related with criminal justice. Is the ever changing public policy and its influence in the social sciences in the 21st century a solution in curbing different challenges influencing and affecting criminology strategies in the community? The aim of the public policing is influencing how the community integrates with different aspects such as social issues influencing the community from leadership to peaceful integration with law enforcement.
Justification of the Topic
There is a clear distinction in the field of criminology especially in the reduction of drug related activities in the contemporary community. There are also a number of different criminal based activities which have influenced the criminal and law enforcements to develop strategies to curb the spread of crime. Although this has become an effective methodology in curbing and reducing crime, it has not always offered an ultimate solution. For instance, American community is recognized as the highest nation with a highest mass incarceration in the community. The use of laws has only increased the mass incarceration in population, hence, it has not helped in the reduction of crime. Due to the lack of effective reformation of the public policing, the cri ...
Running Head CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY .docx
Running Head: CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY 1
CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY 2
Criminal justice and community
Brian Zanca
American InterContinental University
Thesis statement
Criminal justice and community is a topic within Criminal Justice which is entitled in ensuring that citizens receive justice from crimes that arise within a society. The topic is meant to equip students in ways in which they can ensure justice prevails within a society; that is, all offenders and defendants are punished accordingly, within the justice system while the innocent are left to be free.
Hypothesis
One of the best ways of ensuring there is criminal justice within any society is by coming with rules and regulations that govern the society. Laws can be classified into two, that is, public law and private law whereby public law will involve matters that always affect a society as a whole while private laws also known as civil laws deals with relationships between or among people. With introduction of these laws and regulations there will be a solution towards criminal justice and community which is seen in the various importance of having laws within any given society. For instance, laws are to regulate or totally change the behavior of individuals of a society; this is as a result of the consequences associated with the breaking of any law established by the government or people of a community. Other than that, it is very common to observe arguments and disputes within every society where people are present. Even though, it is important to know that these issues or disputes that arise will always be solved by law which provides the guidelines to be followed in order to arrive into an agreement. Lastly, laws will ensure fairness within a society since the people concerned with solving crime issues within a society will always tend to lean on the laws that provide ways in which a case should be judged thus ending up into fairness to all individuals. To sum up, introduction of laws will ensure there is criminal justice in every society.
Measurement and analysis approach
The key points to be addressed in this research will include the top most crimes carried by the people of the society; the top most being the issue of murder. Murder has become a very big problem within the society which being attributed to be as a result of greed and jealousy among the people of the society (Grisham 2006). In addition, murder also results in places of riots whereby the police officers or any other government authority in charge of crimes may shoot into to the air to disperse the crowd thus resulting into death of some innocent citizens. Another key issue is the issue of drug taking and drug trafficking as well as the underage alcohol taking, which has been mostly observed to affect most of the teenagers and also the ...
2.1 The Commencement of Criminal Justice ResearchThe first.docx
2.1 The Commencement of Criminal Justice Research
The first efforts to produce and fund wide-scale research on criminal justice came in 1968
with the passage of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act (OCCSSA). This act
established the Law Enforcement Assistance Agency (LEAA), and within it the National
Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (NILECJ). LEAA, the lead agency,
provided grants to law enforcement agencies to improve public safety (most often to
purchase new equipment and personnel) while NILECJ was the research center of the LEAA.
As the criminal justice research arm of the federal government, the NILECJ (since renamed
the National Institute of Justice [NIJ]) was created to “advance scientific research,
development, and evaluation to enhance the administration of justice and public safety”
(Wellford, Chemers, & Schuck, 2010, p.14). It accomplishes this mandate by awarding
federal grants and contracts to universities, public agencies, and private institutions engaged
in research and demonstration projects that expand our knowledge of “what works” in
preventing and controlling crime, and by disseminating those findings to researchers and
practitioners. It may be surprising to learn that prior to the establishment of the NILECJ in
1968, there was no national agency encouraging, conducting, or disseminating criminal
justice research. Research was conducted by a few small, independent agencies (such as
California Institute for the Study of Crime and Delinquency, National Council on Crime and
Delinquency, and the Vera Institute), but there was no unified research agenda nor concerted
effort to organize or circulate the findings (Wellford et al., 2010).
This changed when Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of
1968 to provide federal monies to research criminal justice issues and to “provide more
accurate information on the causes of crime and the effectiveness of various means of
preventing crime” (Wellsford et al., 2010, p. 27). As a result of this funding, we expanded
our knowledge about crime control strategies and learned a great deal about policing
practices, and a few things about prison alternatives, drug treatment programs, and other
programs thought to prevent crime. Some of the well-known studies that you may be familiar
with that were funded as a result of this act include: the Kansas City Preventative Patrol
Experiment, the Newark and Flint Foot Patrol Experiments, as well as many other studies on
police response time, neighborhood watch programs, team policing strategies, crime
prevention through environmental design, fingerprinting, investigations, habitual criminals,
and plea bargaining (LEAA, 1978).
Only a few of the funded studies were methodologically rigorous by today’s standards. Still,
this was the first time that federal grant money was made available on a wide-scale for
criminal justice research, and the legislation was vitally important for the avenues of inquiry
it.
7Research and Policy Development Paper.docx
7
Research and Policy Development Paper
Research and Policy Development
This paper will be describe the importance of research as it relates to policy development within the field of criminal justice. Many different issues will be addressed pertaining to this subject. The purposes and types of policies within the field of criminal justice will be identified. The relationship between research and policy development will be described. Examples of how research can assist policy makers by informing their policy decisions will be provided as well. Two examples of policies that were developed within the past ten years that resulted from research within the field of criminal justice will be identified.
Research within Criminal Justice
Research methods are procedures for obtaining information on individual and/or aggregate phenomena for the purpose of creating a general explanation or theory to explain a phenomenon. Research is also used for testing the applicability of an existing theory to a subgroup of the population. Also research can be used for testing the effectiveness of an existing social policy or program. Much criminal justice research in the United States, as in other countries, is social science research. Creating a general explanation or theory to explain a phenomenon and testing the applicability of an existing theory to a subgroup of the population are critical to the dialectic of scholarly knowledge in criminology and criminal justice. Researchers take on many interests when it comes to criminal justice. Researchers such as the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) sponsor studies on police performance, prosecution, sentencing, and corrections; we study the nature of crime and criminal behavior; we examine such topics as juvenile offending, the drug-crime link, environmental crime, family violence, and gangs. Our science and technology unit develops techniques for criminal investigations and for other areas of law enforcement, such as the use of DNA evidence. (Travis 1995) The National Criminal Justice Association's (NCJA) policy statements address major interests and concerns of the organization's membership on contemporary crime and criminal justice issues, such as fear and violence in communities, prison overcrowding, juvenile justice and the prevention of juvenile crime and delinquency, federal funding strategies, racial disparity, reentry, information sharing, mentally ill, and evidence-based programs and practices. (NCJA 2017)
Purpose and Policies within Criminal Justice
The purpose of the researchers researching the policies is to we communicate the findings of these studies, with the emphasis on getting them into the hands of practitioners and policymakers in the cities, counties, and states of the United States -- to police chiefs and prosecutors, prison wardens and court administrators and, increasingly, to community organizations and people who provide social and health services. More than ever, we a.
7Research and Policy Development Paper.docx
7
Research and Policy Development Paper
Research and Policy Development
This paper will be describe the importance of research as it relates to policy development within the field of criminal justice. Many different issues will be addressed pertaining to this subject. The purposes and types of policies within the field of criminal justice will be identified. The relationship between research and policy development will be described. Examples of how research can assist policy makers by informing their policy decisions will be provided as well. Two examples of policies that were developed within the past ten years that resulted from research within the field of criminal justice will be identified.
Research within Criminal Justice
Research methods are procedures for obtaining information on individual and/or aggregate phenomena for the purpose of creating a general explanation or theory to explain a phenomenon. Research is also used for testing the applicability of an existing theory to a subgroup of the population. Also research can be used for testing the effectiveness of an existing social policy or program. Much criminal justice research in the United States, as in other countries, is social science research. Creating a general explanation or theory to explain a phenomenon and testing the applicability of an existing theory to a subgroup of the population are critical to the dialectic of scholarly knowledge in criminology and criminal justice. Researchers take on many interests when it comes to criminal justice. Researchers such as the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) sponsor studies on police performance, prosecution, sentencing, and corrections; we study the nature of crime and criminal behavior; we examine such topics as juvenile offending, the drug-crime link, environmental crime, family violence, and gangs. Our science and technology unit develops techniques for criminal investigations and for other areas of law enforcement, such as the use of DNA evidence. (Travis 1995) The National Criminal Justice Association's (NCJA) policy statements address major interests and concerns of the organization's membership on contemporary crime and criminal justice issues, such as fear and violence in communities, prison overcrowding, juvenile justice and the prevention of juvenile crime and delinquency, federal funding strategies, racial disparity, reentry, information sharing, mentally ill, and evidence-based programs and practices. (NCJA 2017)
Purpose and Policies within Criminal Justice
The purpose of the researchers researching the policies is to we communicate the findings of these studies, with the emphasis on getting them into the hands of practitioners and policymakers in the cities, counties, and states of the United States -- to police chiefs and prosecutors, prison wardens and court administrators and, increasingly, to community organizations and people who provide social and health services. More than ever, we a.
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages a.docx
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages and it has to be done by 12pm tomorrow what ever the price let me know because i need this done asap also do you remeber the assignment. The last paper is what you wrote for me can you use the same outline thatis in the last paper when you do it. We all hve to be in this as a group. Thank you and send me a handshake soon can you put an astract.
Differential and inequitable treatments that are encountered by racial and ethnic groups in policing, courts and corrections comes in various forms against mainly those of a specific/different race then that of their own, different religions, ethnicities and minorities, regardless of the type of hardship that an individual may encounter, prejudice of this sorts is a violation of human rights. There needs to be more training, education and understanding of those individuals that are singled out by society as well as the justice system, focusing more on the individual then the ethnic background of that individual, understandingly this could play a factor in some instances but not all. People have the right to be treated with respect and have the right to understand what is happening to them and why, we need more individuals that can act as an interpreter for those of the non-English speaking minorities, there is also a need for workers within the system that are aware of these cultures with knowledgeable backgrounds of the cultures history, this would make it easier for minorities to understand the procedures/charges and what is going on with them as associated to the circumstance (NCJRS, 1994).
Contemporary issues in cultural diversity, crime and justice, with all of the situations that have risen over the past years and currently pertaining to different type of racism, labeling, bias and prejudices we have a great need for extended training along with understanding within the cultural diversity field. Community relations that are effective as well as trusting are very important when it comes to proper policing and police-community relations. (NCJRS, 1993).
The history of Race, Ethnicity and Social Classism within the Criminal Justice System dates back hundreds of years but has changed over time from what was considered to be that of explicit racism to that of a more surreptitious manifestations and outcomes The treatment of minorities being the most profound civil rights crisis facing the United States of America in the new century (Leadership Conference (2017).
We are in a time where an individual are able to have more opportunities than that of earlier years having more individuals in positions of leadership/authority than ever before and along with that comes a chance for education and employment opportunities both being free of discrimination although by no means are we at a point within society that discrimination does not exist, this is a category in which individuals as well as society as a whole .
Criminal Justice A Brief IntroductionTwelfth EditionChapter.docx
Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction
Twelfth Edition
Chapter 1
What is Criminal Justice?
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Introduction
Crime: Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.
Procedural fairness is a vital component of the American justice system
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
A Brief History of Crime in America
(1 of 3)
1850-1880
Civil War, widespread immigration, crime epidemic
1920-1933
Prohibition, organized crime
1940s-1960
Crime rates remained stable after WWII
1960-1970
Civil rights movement, increase in reported crime
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
3
A Brief History of Crime in America
(2 of 3)
1980s
Sale and use of illicit drugs, President Reagan declared a "war on drugs
1990s
"Get tough on crime" era
2001
Sept. 11 attacks
USA PATRIOT Act increases investigatory authority of federal, state, and local police agencies
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
A Brief History of Crime in America
(3 of 3)
Early 2000s
Focus on corporate and white-collar crime, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Madoff
2010-
Declining rates of "traditional crimes, epidemic of mass shootings, inner-city murders, random violence sweeps public venues across the U.S.
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Figure 1–2
The Theme of This Book
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Note: Balancing the concern for individual rights with the need for public order through the administration of criminal justice is the theme of this book.
Source: Frank Schmalleger, Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, 12e, © 2018. Pearson Education, Inc., New York, NY.
6
Individual Rights vs. Public Order
(1 of 2)
Individual-Rights Advocates
Seek to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice
Public-Order Advocates
Believe that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Individual Rights vs. Public Order
(2 of 2)
1960s and 1970s
Civil rights era – strong emphasis on individual rights
Focus on guaranteeing the rights of defendants, attempting to understand root causes of crime and violence
21st century
Shift away from offenders as victims, now see offenders as a dangerous social predators
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Criminal Justice and Basic Fairness
(1 of 2)
Justice
The principle of fairness; the ideal of moral equity
Social justice
Li.
MCJ 6530, Critical Analysis of Criminal Justice Public.docx
MCJ 6530, Critical Analysis of Criminal Justice Public Policy 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Evaluate various types of public policy ideologies.
1.1 Summarize aspects of the problem-program-policy continuum.
1.2 Explore the concepts of law, policy, program, and project in criminal justice.
2. Compare and contrast internal and external influences on criminal justice public policy.
2.1 Discuss the internal and external analytical lens through which criminal justice public policy is
viewed.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
1.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 1
Unit I Essay
1.2
Chapter 1
Unit I Essay
2.1
Chapter 1
Unit I Essay
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1: Introduction
Unit Lesson
Introduction
This course is designed to introduce certain ideas related to criminal justice public policy. Also, during this
course you will be asked to assess the rationale of many topics:
deterrence and incapacitation,
drug policy,
sex-offender policy,
gang policy,
juvenile justice policy,
gun policy,
mass incarceration,
the death penalty,
intermediate sanctions,
white-collar offending policy,
human trafficking,
police policy,
correctional treatment and
rehabilitation, and
community-based crime control.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Introduction to Critical Analysis
of Criminal Justice Policy
(Dudko, n.d.)
MCJ 6530, Critical Analysis of Criminal Justice Public Policy 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Each of these areas has a certain history in the United States, and students will be expected to be familiar
with that history to help formulate new and revised policies in their professional roles as members of the
criminal justice system.
Gau (2019) points out that reaching consensus on a definition of policy is a difficult task, and the author
utilizes a preferred definition from the Oxford English Dictionary. Before delving into the specifics of the
various criminal justice policies covered in this course, it is important to understand and differentiate between
a policy, a program, a project, and of course a law or statute. Once that task is completed, you will focus on at
least one methodology used to assess public policy and examine whether a current policy should be revised,
if it should be a planned revision, or if it is an unplanned revision, which has its own set of disadvantages.
Additionally, a seven-stage model for policy revision espoused by Welsh and Harris (2016) will be presented
as an effective method of addressing criminal justice policies.
Law
To begin, the United States is not a democracy, it is a constitutional republic, and the U.S. Constitution and
the Bills of Rights are the law of the land. While the textbook alludes to the United States being a
constitutional democracy, that is, in fact, not true. The United States is a constitution ...
Week-3 Scholarly WritingReview the document, How to Benefit from.docx
Week-3 Scholarly Writing
Review the document, How to Benefit from Critiques of Your Work, located under your weekly resources.
Spotlight on Skills: Information Literacy: Finding what you need in the library
In this and other courses you need to find information, usually scholarly articles from the library, to support your learning activity. View the Northcentral Search Like an Expert Tutorial, located under your weekly resources, to learn how to Search like an Expert and find what you need efficiently in the vast holdings of the Northcentral Library. It is well worth your time!
Assignment
Your task this week is to locate two peer-reviewed articles in the NCU library that discuss current research on the topic addressed in your Week 2 assignment.
You will evaluate the two new articles as part of your Week 4 assignment. Make sure you save either the doi/permalink from the NCU library, or a copy of the articles you locate because you will need to provide either the links or those copies to your faculty along with your paper in Week 4.
In locating your articles, you may find it helpful to determine a more specific idea within the general topic that will help guide your research, not only for your Week 5 assignment, but also for other papers you will prepare later in the course.
Length: 2 research articles
You do not need to submit any documents this week.
US POLICIES ON TWO TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES, ILLICIT DRUG
TRAFFICKING AND CYBER-LAUNDERING, WILL NOT SECURE THE
HOMELAND FROM TERRORIST THREATS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
American Public University
by
First Name Last Name
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
of
Master of Arts
April 2012
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
1
A wealth of academic literature on transnational crimes has increased over the past decade.
In particular, illicit drug trafficking and cyber-laundering, are two of the most active crimes that
are being utilized to support terrorist organizations. The first of the resources for this research
paper comes from Jay S. Albanese’s 2012 Deciphering the Linkages between Organized Crime
and Transnational Crime from the Journal of International Affairs, Volume 66, Issue 1. The
significance of this particular literature is that it provides characteristics of organized crimes and
transnational crimes which is important for this study. The review of this literature highlights the
linkage between organized crimes and transnational crime while making the point clear that the
two are distinctively separate. By having a sound understanding in the particulars are critical as
US policies are reviewed and discussed for analysis throughout the research. The root conduct
of both organized crime and transnational crime parallels each other according to studies. A
synopsis of this literature provides distinct differences between transnational crimes and
international crimes .
Criminology.pdf
Criminology is the scientific study of the nature, extent, management, causes, control, consequences,
and prevention of criminal behavior, both on individual and social levels.
1. You are considering purchasing a consol that promises annual p.docx
1. You are considering purchasing a consol that promises annual payments of $4.
(LO2)
a. If the current interest rate is 5 percent, what is the price of the consol?
b. You are concerned that the interest rate may rise to 6 percent. Compute the percentage change in the price of the consol and the percentage change in the
interest rate. Compare them.
c. Your investment horizon is one year. You purchase the consol when the interest rate is 5 percent and sell it a year later, following a rise in
2. As you read the business news, you come across an advertisement for a bond mutual fund—a fund that pools the investments from a large number of people and then purchases bonds, giving the individuals “shares” in the fund. The company claims its fund has had a return of 131⁄2 percent over the last year. But you remember that interest rates have been pretty low—5 percent at most. A quick check of the numbers in the business section you’re holding tells you that your recollection is correct. Explain the logic behind the mutual fund’s claim in the advertisement. (LO2)
3. Given the data in the accompanying table, would you say that this economy is heading for a boom or for a recession? Explain your choice. (LO4)
4. What are the advantages of holding stock in a company versus holding bonds is- sued by the same company? (LO1)
Paper Week 8
Paper Week 8 2
What do Travis and Stone suggest as the "new professionalism," and do you agree?
I believe that the over all suggestion from Travis and Stone is a revamp of how we approach the work place as Law Enforcement. There is a professional standard that almost all work places should use, in this case Travis and Stone have set rules and guidelines for Law Enforcement. Some of these guidelines are also words you hear in the popular news media such as Legitimacy, Transparency, and Accountability etc.
The current American public demands such action now a days compared to the long and drawn out investigations of the past. This has helped bridge many gaps with the American public that often when not given answers will conclude their own, that or be driven by popular new media outlets to dread the worst.
I agree that Law Enforcement must always be a standard in professionalism, times change and so does that standard, so I agree that Law Enforcement must chance with it.
What is the promise of "Democratic Policing Reform"?
The term “Policing Reform,” has been used by many different politicians throughout time in a effort to oversee police reform in a political manner. The issue is that when you hear these terms from most politicians there is no plan that follows these baseless claims, so as a civilians your hearing talking points with no merit, with no execution. There are many agencies throughout the United States that have over watch groups and government monitoring groups that over see operations, often after an incident.
The goal of this policing is that by reforming police departm ...
Running Head CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM .docx
Running Head: CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 1
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 6
Research Questions
High incarceration rates are my research issue in criminal justice. Criminal justice comprises law enforcement agencies that include police, courts, and correctional services. Each of these parties has delegated roles to play in ensuring that citizens adhere to the law; they are protected, offenders are arrested, and prevent the possibility of people engaging in crimes (Telep, 2016). The criminal justice system has established processes that are established by the governments that control crime and enforce penalties on the people who violate the law. Therefore researching it engages in facilitating more thoughts and insights into the sector by enhancing more education into criminal justice studies.
There is the use of empirical research methods that are being used in determining the phenomena that affect the criminologists. The study furthers the criminal justice studies with both qualitative and quantitative research in evaluating the issues facing the sector. The education for the criminal justice parties interests me as I would like to understand the training offered to the people in the sector. The knowledge, they are provided within ensuring that they delegate their duties effectively and with great professionalism (Annie, 2020). The sector carries a large number of people who are crucial in ensuring that the laws provided by the Constitution are adhered to by citizens. There is a need for criminal justice to be improved to facilitate more insights on getting better methods for enhancing law adherence.
Another concept that relates to my issue of high rates of imprisonment is ethical practices in the sector. Law enforcers need to portray integrity and honesty in delivering their obligations to ensure that the conviction process does not favor particular individuals. The law enforcers' integral values need to be examined to ensure that people who are alleged to have broken the law are brought to justice through clear and concrete evidence (Heaton and Tong, 2016). The law enforcers should not engage in unlawful activities that cover up crimes for influential people in the society in the event of breaking the law. Ethics should facilitate the conduct of the criminal justice system in reducing imprisonment rates.
The issue of substance abuse that has increased in correctional facilities pose a major threat to the obligation of criminal justice protecting the public. This issue relates to the increase in conviction rates as the correctional facilities have failed to restrict the use of illegal drugs. The cases of heroin use in prisons may be a factor to consider in evaluating the increase in rates of conviction (Tilley and Laycock, 2018). The criminal justice system need to .
Criminology Essays
Criminological Research Essay
Criminology
Criminology Essay
Essay about Criminological Theories
criminology Essay
My Dream Career As A Criminologist
Relationship Between Crime And Criminology
Conflict Criminology
Criminology: The Evolution of Crime Essay
Criminology Career Paper
Classical Criminology Essay
Importance Of Criminology In Modern Society
Criminology And Sociology And Criminology
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Criminology : Types Of Criminal Personality
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2.1 The Commencement of Criminal Justice ResearchThe first.docx
2.1 The Commencement of Criminal Justice ResearchThe first.docx
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages a.docx
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages a.docx
Criminal Justice A Brief IntroductionTwelfth EditionChapter.docx
Criminal Justice A Brief IntroductionTwelfth EditionChapter.docx
MCJ 6530, Critical Analysis of Criminal Justice Public.docx
MCJ 6530, Critical Analysis of Criminal Justice Public.docx
Week-3 Scholarly WritingReview the document, How to Benefit from.docx
Week-3 Scholarly WritingReview the document, How to Benefit from.docx
1. You are considering purchasing a consol that promises annual p.docx
1. You are considering purchasing a consol that promises annual p.docx
More from cdorothy
The Mis-Education of the NegrobyCarter Godwin Woodson,.docx
The Mis-Education of the Negro
by
Carter Godwin Woodson, Ph.D.
First published in 1933 in
Washington, D.C. by Associated Publishers
The contents herein is the same as the 1933 Associated Publishers edition, except for the capitalization of
‘Black’, and ‘Negro’; the converting of ‘tribe’ to ‘group’, and the correction of a few grammatical errors,
edited by JPAS editor Itibari M. Zulu. Second, in this exercise, we also recognize a need for gender
balance or neutrality in the phraseology of the author, therefore we ask readers to consider the historical
and social context of this in any analysis, and thus acknowledge that this work should open a door for a
full critical and scholarly analysis of this historic book.
Contents
Foreword 2
Preface 3
The Seat of the Trouble 5
How We Missed the Mark 9
How We Drifted Away from the Truth 12
Education Under Outside Control 15
The Failure to Learn to Make a Living 21
The Educated Negro Leaves the Masses 27
Dissension and Weakness 31
Professional Educated Discouraged 36
Political Education Neglected 40
The Loss of Vision 45
1
The Mis-Education of the Negro by Carter Godwin Woodson
The Journal of Pan African Studies: 2009 eBook
The Need for Service Rather Than Leadership 52
Hirelings in the Places of Public servants 56
Understand the Negro 62
The New Program 67
Vocational Guidance 72
The New Type of Professional Man Required 80
Higher Strivings in the Service of the Country 83
The Study of the Negro 87
Appendix 88
Foreword
The thoughts brought together in this volume have been expressed in recent addresses and
articles written by the author. From time to time persons deeply interested in the point of view
therein presented have requested that these comments on education be made available in book
form. To supply this demand this volume is given to the public. In the preparation of the volume
the author has not followed in detail the productions upon which most of the book is based. The
aim is to set forth only the thought developed in passing from the one to the other. The language
in some cases, then, is entirely new; and the work is not a collection of essays. In this way
repetition has been avoided except to emphasize the thesis which the author sustains.
Carter Godwin Woodson
Washington, D. C.
January, 1933.
2
The Mis-Education of the Negro by Carter Godwin Woodson
The Journal of Pan African Studies: 2009 eBook
Preface
Herein are recorded not opinions but the reflections of one who for forty years has participated in
the education of the Black, brown, yellow and white races in both hemispheres and in tropical
and temperate regions. Such experience, too, has been with students in all grades from the
kindergarten to the university. The author, moreover, has traveled around the world to observe
not only modern school systems in various countries but to study the special systems set up by
private agencies and governments to educate the natives in their colo.
The mission of policing was described by the author as covering six .docx
The mission of policing was described by the author as covering six key areas: enforcing the law, apprehending offenders, preventing crime, predicting crime, preserving the peace, and providing services. With the advent of various forms of terrorism and transnational crime, the police mission has expanded beyond the traditional borders of burglaries and domestic disputes.
Beginning with the material conveyed in the assigned reading and presentation, select two scholarly articles from the university criminal justice databases, and integrate those resources to discuss the use of intelligence-led policing (ILP) and the development of fusion centers to equip law enforcement for their expanded mission. Finally, integrate within your discussion the impact of a Judeo-Christian viewpoint on ILP and the development of fusion centers.
500 words
.
The Miracle WorkerReflection PaperObjectiveCriteriaLeve.docx
The Miracle Worker
Reflection Paper
Objective/Criteria
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Spelling
(0 Points)
Contains more than 5 spelling mistakes
(5 points)
Contains 2-5 spelling mistakes
(10 points)
Contains 1 or fewer spelling mistakes
Understanding of sensory loss and language development
(5 points)
Give a description of Helen’s sensory loss and how the sensory loss possibly occurred. Did she receive any treatment for her sensory loss?
(5 points)
Describe examples of heightened sensory awareness in other senses as portrayed by the actress and how Helen had adapted to her environment before the Ms. Sullivan arrived.
(10 points) Level 2+
Describe how Helen might have “babbled” (this would be after Ms. Sullivan began the “finger game”. How is this similar to infant “babble”?
Gender Roles observed in the film
(5 points)
Describe some gender role expectations in the film.
(5 points)
Give examples of gender role portrayal in the film.
(10 points) Level 2 +
Describe why you think it was important to Ms. Keller that Helen “folded her napkin”.
Identification of parenting style of Helen’s parents
(5 points)
Give few examples of how Helen’s parents “parent” her.
(5 points)
Identify the parenting style(s) of Helen’s parents and gives supporting examples; Observations of positive or negative punishment; positive or negative reinforment
(10 points) Level 2+
Describes Helen’s behavior as a result of her parent’s style of parenting. Describes how Ms. Sullivan disciplines Helen (a parenting style) and give examples of how Helen responds initially and ultimately.
Understanding of Association and Operant Conditioning; Learning and Memory
(5 points)
Discuss Helen’s use of language before her illness. (Receptive/Productive)
Describe the role of memory in her ability to regain language.
(5 points)
Defines Operant Condition and association. Give examples from the movie of positive and negative reinforcement
(15 points)
Discusses affects of positive and negative reinforcement as they pertain to Helen’s behavior and ability to learn. Describes the problems of Helen’s early learning (association). Give an opinion re: Helen’s learning (is it operant conditioning or learning by observation (imitation?)). Give examples supporting each from the movie.
.
The minimum length for this assignment is 2,000 words. Be sure to ch.docx
The minimum length for this assignment is 2,000 words. Be sure to check your Turnitin report for your post and to make corrections before the deadline of 11:59 pm Mountain Time of the due date to avoid lack of originality problems in your work.
Discoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, and biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years with accelerated discoveries and insights over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be most important and describe their significance to society, health, and the culture of modern life.
.
The Milgram Experimentby Saul McLeod published 2007Milgram sel.docx
The Milgram Experiment
by Saul McLeod published 2007
Milgram selected participants for his experiment by newspaper advertising for male participants to take part in a study of learning at Yale University. The procedure was that the participant was paired with another person and they drew lots to find out who would be the ‘learner’ and who would be the ‘teacher’. The draw was fixed so that the participant was always the teacher, and the learner was one of Milgram’s confederates (pretending to be a real participant).
The learner (a confederate called Mr. Wallace) was taken into a room and had electrodes attached to his arms, and the teacher and researcher went into a room next door that contained an electric shock generator and a row of switches marked from 15 volts (Slight Shock) to 375 volts (Danger: Severe Shock) to 450 volts (XXX).
Milgram's Experiment
Procedure:
At the beginning of the experiment, each participant was introduced to another participant, who was actually a confederate of the experimenter (Milgram). They drew straws to determine their roles – learner or teacher – although this was fixed and the confederate was always the learner. There was also an “experimenter” dressed in a grey lab coat, played by an actor (not Milgram).
Two rooms in the Yale Interaction Laboratory were used - one for the learner (with an electric chair) and another for the teacher and experimenter with an electric shock generator.
The “learner” (Mr. Wallace) was strapped to a chair with electrodes. After he has learned a list of word pairs given him to learn, the "teacher" tests him by naming a word and asking the learner to recall its partner/pair from a list of four possible choices.
The teacher is told to administer an electric shock every time the learner makes a mistake, increasing the level of shock each time. There were 30 switches on the shock generator marked from 15 volts (slight shock) to 450 (danger – severe shock).
The learner gave mainly wrong answers (on purpose) and for each of these the teacher gave him an electric shock. When the teacher refused to administer a shock the experimenter was to give a series of orders / prods to ensure they continued. There were 4 prods and if one was not obeyed then the experimenter (Mr. Williams) read out the next prod, and so on.
Prod 1: please continue.
Prod 2: the experiment requires you to continue.
Prod 3: It is absolutely essential that you continue.
Prod 4: you have no other choice but to continue.
Results:
65% of all the participants (teachers) continued to the highest level of 450 volts. All the participants continued to 300 volts. Milgram did more than one experiment – he carried out 18 variations of his study. All he did was alter the situation (IV) to see how this affected obedience (DV).
Conclusion:
Ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by an authority figure, even to the extent of killing an innocent human being. Obedience to authority is ingrained in us all from the way.
The Midterm Assignment consists of three questionsThe internati.docx
The Midterm Assignment consists of three questions:
The international borders of African countries are a legacy of colonialism.
1. Describe the concept of a superimposed boundary.
2. Describe three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa.
3. Identify and explain one challenge landlocked African countries face in developing viable economies.
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The Migrants and the ElitesA humanitarian crisis threatens the f.docx
The Migrants and the Elites
A humanitarian crisis threatens the future of Western institutions.
ENLARGE
Syrian refugees making their way to Greece, Sept. 10. PHOTO: REUTERS
By
PEGGY NOONAN
Sept. 10, 2015 6:32 p.m. ET
What a crisis Europe is in, with waves of migrants reaching its shores as the Arab world implodes. It is the biggest migration into Europe since the end of World War II and is shaping up to be its first great and sustained challenge of the 21st century. It may in fact shape that continent’s nature and history as surely as did World War I.
It is a humanitarian crisis. As Richard Haass of the Council on Foreign Relations notes, it will not soon go away, for two reasons. First, the Mideast will not be peaceful anytime soon and may well become more turbulent. Second, “The more that Europe responds the more it will reinforce the supply of migrants. Europe is caught.” If it doesn’t respond with compassion and generosity it is wrong in humanitarian terms; if it does, more will come and the problem grows. “This is now part of the architecture,” says Mr. Haass.
Opinion Journal Video
Editorial Page Writer Sohrab Ahmari on his interviews with Syrians, Iranians and others fleeing to safer shores. Photo credit: Getty Images.
Three hundred eighty-one thousand detected migrants have arrived so far this year, up from 216,000 in all of 2014. Almost 3,000 died on the journey or are missing. The symbol of their plight is the photo of the 3-year-old Syrian boy, Aylan Kurdi, who drowned along with his mother and 5-year-old brother when their boat capsized near a Turkish beach. Just as horrifying is what was found inside a Volvo refrigerated truck stranded on the shoulder of the A4 highway 30 miles from Vienna in late August. Inside were 71 bodies, including a 1½-year-old girl, all dead of suffocation. They’d been left there by human smugglers.
It is a catastrophe unfolding before our eyes, and efforts to deal with it have at least one echo in America, which we’ll examine further down.
According to the U.N. refugee agency, 53% of the migrants are from Syria, 14% from Afghanistan, 7% from Eritrea, and 3% each from Pakistan, Nigeria, Iraq and Somalia. Seventy-two percent are men, only 13% women and 15% children. Not all are fleeing war. Some are fleeing poverty. Not all but the majority are Muslim.
The leaders of Europe have shown themselves unsure about what to do. It is a continent-wide crisis that began in 2011, as Tunisians fled to the Italian island of Lampedusa. The following year, sub-Saharan Africans who’d migrated to Libya made for Europe after Muammar Gadhafi’s fall. Since then the European response has largely been ad hoc and stopgap. European Union President Jean-Claude Juncker has proposed a “permanent relocation mechanism” with EU members taking greater shares of the refugees, but it is unclear how exactly it would work.
In many EU nations there will be powerful pushback. Like the crisis itself the pushback will build. Europe is in econo.
The Midterm is a written response paper. Your paper should be at.docx
The Midterm is a written response paper. Your paper should be at least 2 pages in length and follow APA style and format.
For further directions,
click here
.
Submit your Midterm Exam to the Assignment box
no later than Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT
. (This Assignment may be linked to Turnitin).
.
The Middle Way.” Moderation seems to be a hard thing for many p.docx
“The Middle Way.” Moderation seems to be a hard thing for many people to understand. Two great authors had radically different insights on moderation: “Complete abstinence is easier than perfect moderation,” (Saint Augustine) and “Moderation is a fatal thing. Nothing succeeds like excess” (Oscar Wilde).
We live in an age of abusive social media, so it seems even more difficult to “find the middle” now. What lessons can you apply to your life by addressing each of the items in the Eightfold Path of the Noble Way?
.
The Middle East faces many challenges to a potential regional frame.docx
The Middle East faces many challenges to a potential regional framework but the same could be said about Europe in the period before Helsinki’s finalization in 1975. What favorable conditions does the Middle East face when compared to Europe at that time in reaching such an agreement? What unfavorable conditions does it face?
.
The Michael Jordan effect Crawford, Anthony J; Niendorf, .docx
The Michael Jordan effect
Crawford, Anthony J; Niendorf, Bruce . American Business Review ; West Haven Vol. 17, Iss. 2, (Jun
1999): 5-10.
ProQuest document link
ABSTRACT
In the period immediately following the rumors of Michael Jordan's return to basketball, the five companies that
Jordan had major endorsement deals with experienced a nearly $3 billion increase in the market value of their
equity. Jordan was labeled the $2 billion man in the press, referring to the value he created for the shareholders of
the companies he endorses. However, most of these reports failed to cite the simultaneous bull market that lead
the S&P 500 to record highs. The Michael Jordan effect is examined, and it is found that shareholders experienced
negative abnormal returns after the announcement of his retirement and positive excess returns when rumors of a
comeback surfaced. However, it is also shown that the positive excess returns following the rumors of Jordan's
comeback were only temporary and disappeared within weeks of the original rumors. While some evidence is
found in support of a Michael Jordan effect, it appears that the rumors of Jordan's impact have been greatly
exaggerated.
FULL TEXT
On October 6, 1993 Michael Jordan unexpectedly retired from basketball after leading the Chicago Bull's to three
straight NBA championships. The following spring he showed up for spring training with the Chicago White Sox.
Despite his early retirement Jordan maintained his five major endorsement deals from which he is rumored to
receive a total of approximately $30 million annually. These endorsements are highlighted in exhibit 1.
On March 2nd, 1995 Jordan ended his attempt at professional baseball and left the Chicago White Sox spring
training facilities. Shortly after his retirement from baseball, rumors of Jordan's return to basketball surfaced.
These rumors touched off a media frenzy as the popular press tied increases in the stock prices of the companies
Jordan endorses to speculation over his return. The Los Angeles Times reported that five days after the first
reports of his comeback, advertisers experienced a collective $2.3 billion gain in equity value. Time Magazine,
Newsweek, Sports Illustrated and nearly every major newspaper ran similar reports at about the same time. Jordan
was labeled the $2 billion man. The implication was that Jordan's rumored return to basketball increased his value
as an endorser resulting in an over $2 billion dollar gain to shareholders.
Table I illustrates the increase in the market value of the five companies which Jordan endorses. The collective
increase in market value over a nine business day period, from the date of the first rumors until the first trading day
after his comeback announcement, was more than $2.9 billion. The average return over those nine days was
4.59%. The return on the S&P 500 over the same nine day period was just 2.91%.
We examine two questions.
The Metropolitan Police Department had recently been criticized in t.docx
The Metropolitan Police Department had recently been criticized in the local media for not responding to police calls in the downtown area rapidly enough. In several recent cases, alarms had sounded for break-ins, but by the time the police car arrived, the perpetrators had left, and in one instance a store owner had been shot. Sergeant Joe Davis had been assigned by the chief as head of a task force to find a way to determine the optimal patrol area (dimensions) for their cars that would minimize the average time it took to respond to a call in the downtown area.
Sergeant Davis solicited help from Angela Maris, an analyst in the operations area for the police department. Together they began to work through the problem.
Joe noted to Angela that normal patrol sectors are laid out in rectangles, with each rectangle including a number of city blocks. For illustrative purposes he defined the dimensions of the sector as
x
in the horizontal direction and as
y
in the vertical direction. He explained to Angela that cars traveled in straight lines either horizontally or vertically and turned at right angles.
Travel
in a horizontal direction must be accompanied by travel in a vertical direction, and the total distance traveled is the sum of the horizontal and vertical segments. He further noted that past research on police patrolling in urban areas had shown that the average distance traveled by a patrol car responding to a call in either direction was one-third of the dimensions of the sector, or
x
/3 and
y
/3. He also explained that the travel time it took to respond to a call ( assuming that a car left immediately upon receiving the call) is simply the average distance traveled divided by the average travel speed.
Angela told Joe that now that she understood how average travel time to a call was determined, she could see that it was closely related to the size of the patrol area. She asked Joe if there were any restrictions on the size of the area sectors that cars patrolled. He responded that for their city, the department believed that the perimeter of a patrol sector should not be less than 5 miles or exceed 12 miles. He noted several policy issues and
staffing
constraints that required these specifications. Angela wanted to know if any additional restrictions existed, and Joe indicated that the distance in the vertical direction must be at least 50% more than the horizontal distance for the sector. He explained that laying out sectors in that manner meant that the patrol areas would have a greater tendency to overlap different residential, income, and retail areas than if they ran the other way. He said that these areas were layered from north to south in the city. So if a sector area were laid out east to west, all of it would tend to be in one demographic layer.
Angela indicated that she had almost enough information to develop a model, except that she also needed to know the average travel speed the patrol cars could trav.
THE MG371 CASE Growth Pains at Mountain States Healthcar.docx
THE MG371 CASE
Growth Pains at Mountain States Healthcare
Background
Mountain States Healthcare (MSH) is a regional system of hospitals located
in several large metropolitan areas of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Colorado,
and in Acapulco, Mexico. MHS started as a single hospital in Salt Lake City,
Utah, and, due to the business acumen and experience of its officers and
Board of Directors, was quite successful and profitable.
Over the years, Salt Lake Hospital began purchasing other hospitals and
clinics in the state that were not as profitably operated, and eventually
changed its name to Utah Health Group (UHG). Each facility continued to
operate as an independent entity, except that its name was changed to
include “Utah Health Group” and UHG instilled its own successful
management style in the newly purchased facilities. When a hospital was
bought in Denver, Colorado, the firm created a medical facility holding
company in Salt Lake City, named Mountain States Healthcare. MHS treated
each facility as a separate subsidiary, except for the clinics, which were
associated with a larger hospital in the area. MSH continued to grow, adding
facilities from the states it declared as its strategic area.
Later, they added a new division of several clinics, an assisted living facility,
and a hospital in the resort city of Acapulco, Mexico, to take advantage of
medical needs of the large tourist and American retirement population there.
The Mexico venture was the most profitable and fastest growing of the MHS
family.
MSH was a profitable venture, but began to realize that some of its
administrative costs were, collectively, much higher than other medical
holding companies, and reducing the profits that could be used for the
benefit of shareholders. Additionally, the higher overhead costs were
affecting the advantage of some hospitals to compete within their districts.
The divisions had historically set themselves apart from other medical
facilities by offering a full line of specialties within their service packages.
The corporate holding company supported this by sharing resources,
technology, and even personnel between the divisions when needed. This
allowed each of the hospitals to position themselves as medical technology
competent full service providers.
A consulting firm pointed out several areas of administration which could be
consolidated, using the latest technology, to realize a tremendous reduction
in costs. The new VP of Finance, Aaron Nelson, newly promoted from the
state billing office manager’s position, suggested that medical billing should
be the first to consolidate. He reasoned that as each of the facilities had
consolidated the billing operations for all facilities within their five geographic
areas a few years ago, they should be able to completely consolidate all
billing with the latest database technology in a fairly short time, and.
The Methods of Communication are Listening, Writing, Talking, Rea.docx
The Methods of Communication are: Listening, Writing, Talking, Reading, and Non-Verbal.
Listening - speaking by using words and terminology that others can comprehend
Talking - the ability to read and comprehend the written word
Writing - tone and inflection of one’s voice facial expression, posture and eye contact
Non-Verbal - using the written word in a manner that others can understand the intended message
Reading - the ability to hear and understand what the speaker is saying
Review the five methods of communication you would use in the given scenarios:
Scenario 1: An irate customer comes to your store and is very upset with a defect in a product he ordered. Which method of communication would be the most effective to use with this customer? (Listening)
Scenario 2: A customer is in your store looking for a new computer. You quickly surmise that the customer’s first language is not English and in addition he appears to not have a clear understanding of the type or brand of computer he is looking for. Which method of communication would be the most effective to use with this customer? (Talking)
Scenario 3: On your store’s Facebook page, a customer comments on your store’s appearance and how disrespectful the salesperson was during a recent visit. Which method of communication would be the most effective to use with this customer? (Writing)
Scenario 4: A customer comes into your store looking for a new phone. He appears overly confident about his knowledge level. When you approach him, he looks at you in a condescending manner. Which method of communication is being displayed by this customer? (Non-verbal)
Scenario 5: You need to take two online courses available from your employer about Customer Service. You need to receive an “A” in both courses. You must write five components that you will use for the Final Course Project. Which method of communication will you use to complete your assignments?
Competency
Discuss the importance of communication in Customer Service.
Instructions
In order to provide excellent service to customers, a business must have employees who are able to effectively communicate with those customers. Looking at the five methods of communication (Listening, Talking, Writing, Non-Verbal, and Reading), write a paper that includes 2-3 paragraphs for each method of communication. Please include an explanation on why communication is important in the introduction. Also, please include a conclusion that summarizes your paper.
NOW, THIS IS THE RUBRIC QUESTIONS
1. Included paragraph(s) for each of the methods of communication with clear examples.
2. Did include an explanation for the importance of clear communication using examples and research for support.
3. Did include an introduction and conclusion, including examples and/or research for support.
PLEASE INCLUDE REFERENCES AND CITETATIONS
The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas
by Ursula K LeGuin, 1974
1
The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas
With a clamor of bells that s.
The Meta-themes Paper requires you to bring together material from t.docx
The Meta-themes Paper requires you to bring together material from throughout the term and use it to illustrate what you have learned about the cross-cutting themes of the course. You should be able to complete parts of the Meta-Themes Paper over the course of the term ( using the various discussion posts).
.
The Medication Paper OutlineThe purpose of this assignment is to.docx
The Medication Paper Outline
The purpose of this assignment is to draft and submit a complete, organized, detailed outline of your medication paper in APA format with sources cited and referenced accurately.
Recommended: Before you begin, review the Writing Resources area on your
Student Resources
tab located on the top menu of your main Blackboard page for examples and review chapters 9, 13, and 14 in
A Pocket Style Manual
(APA).
Adhere to the following guidelines for drafting and submitting your outline:
Use standard alphanumeric outline format.
Include a rough draft of your abstract.
Include APA in-text citations.
Include an APA formatted reference page.
Include a title page.
Use APA format throughout.
The outline includes several high quality, thought provoking ideas/points which are skillfully used to creatively and completely support the thesis. Outline demonstrates a well-balanced approach to researching the topic (subcategories are of equal significance under each body paragraph). Subtopics are specific and avoid generalities. Subtopics demonstrate extensive research and thought on the topic.
The thesis is concise and clearly articulated in the beginning. Subtopics are pertinent and highly relevant to the main body paragraphs. Detailed, meaningful quotations and paraphrases aptly and accurately support the topic evenly throughout each subtopic.
.
The median is often a better representative of the central value of .docx
The median is often a better representative of the central value of a data set when the data set: Source Top of Form Is bimodal. Has a high standard deviation. Is highly skewed. Has no outliers. Bottom of Form The histogram below plots the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions (in pounds/minute) of 40 different airplane models at take-off. The distribution is best described as is: Source Top of Form Uniform. Heteroskedastic. Normal. Skewed right. Bottom of Form
.
The media does have a very significant role in how U.S. citizens are.docx
The media does have a very significant role in how U.S. citizens are exposed to political actors, policies, and processes that comprise American government.
Assignment Guidelines
Select 2 particular media forum types from the following list:
Newspapers
Radio
Television
Internet
Address the following in 750–1,000 words:
What specific roles do both media forums have in exposing the various aspects of a political process? Explain in detail.
How persuasive are these media forums in terms of influencing the public about a politician or a campaign issue? Explain.
Provide 2–3 examples of media influence with regard to politics and democracy.
Describe and explain the specifics of each example.
Be sure to reference all sources using proper APA style.
.
The media is expected to play a watchdog role of keeping governme.docx
The media is expected to play a "watchdog" role of "keeping government honest." Is the media doing this effectively? Why do you think so?
Respond at least once to this initial post and at least once more to another student or to a later post by the instructor. Remember the rules of etiquette.
**Paragraph or 2 long please
.
THE MEDFIELD PHARMA CASE FIRM VALUATION AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATION.docx
THE MEDFIELD PHARMA CASE: FIRM VALUATION AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF REFORMULATION
Understand that the Medfield case has 2 major problems: 1) Firm Valuation – Impact of Patent Loss and Reformulation; 2) Ethical Considerations – How to Ensure Patients and third-party payees are not hurt
Organize your paper around the case questions, use them as an organizing device. This will benefit you in several ways: 1) provide a framework for constructing your paper; 2) ensure I (your reader) understand exactly what question you are answering; and 3) ensure you answer every question.
Use examples from Pfizer, AstraZeneca and other firms in EXHIBIT 3 to substantiate your thought.
1. What is the current value of Medfield as a company? Use the exhibit 4 spreadsheet to calculate the NPV of Medfield. Compare this result to the offer price and provide your reasoning for the difference.
2. If we consider the sale of Medfield as the sale of existing assets how does the elimination of R&D, investment in future assets, change the valuation of Medfield? (Using the exhibit 4 spreadsheet distinguish between the NPV value of existing products and R&D)
3. What is the value that would be created by a reformulation? Complete and explain the table below.
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Incremental Research
35
35
Incremental Special Marketing
25
25
25
25
25
Growth
2%
-50%
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
-50%
-50%
-50%
New Sales
214.77
Marginal Sales (New Sales – Original Sales
0.00
New Cost of Sales
49.40
Marginal Cost of Sales
0.00
New Direct Marketing
57.99
Old Direct Marketing
57.99
59.15
29.57
14.79
7.39
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marginal Direct Marketing
0.00
New G&A
8.59
Old G&A
8.59
8.76
4.38
2.19
1.10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marginal G&A
0.00
Marginal Cash Flow pre Tax
(60.00)
29.52
14.76
7.38
Marginal NOPAT
(40.80)
20.07
10.04
5.02
NPV
4. What factors explain the value created from the reformulation for Fleximat?
5. Who reaps the financial benefits?
6. Who bears the financial costs?
ONLY ANSWER ONE OF THE QUESTION 7’S:
IF YOU SUPPORT REFORMULATION:
7. What facts would change your mind and cause you to recommend against reformulation?
IF YOU ARE AGAINST REFORMULATION
7. Under what conditions might you be in favor of reformulation?
8. How would you change your thinking if Medfield’s reformulation approach were more substantive (e.g. drug works faster, works longer) than cosmetic?
9. Could Medfield use the extra value created by the reformulation to generate new and helpful products?
10. When you consider Medfield’s stakeholders, what are the key issues. Choose three from the following list and discuss the key issues.
a. Shareholders of Medf.
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Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
The media plays a major part in all facets of U.S. society. Incr.docx
- 1. The media plays a major part in all facets of U.S. society. Increased attention on criminal justice issues and criminal justice administration by the media creates opportunities and threats to the status quo of criminal justice policies and actions. Chapters 11 and 16 in your text discuss the influence of the media on criminal justice and the theories of justice. For this assignment, you will support the evaluation of public issues that criminal justice organizations face in ethical decision making and the creation of a set of standards for ethical and moral conduct in criminal justice situations. In your paper, Create an ethics policy for the media in handling the reporting of criminal justice issues and news; Examine the significance of political bias in reporting; and Create a foundation for the accurate and ethical reporting of news about the criminal justice system. The paper