The document discusses the MEAN stack, which is a combination of MongoDB, Express, Angular, and Node.js. It describes each component, including that MongoDB is a NoSQL database that scales horizontally, Express is a robust Node.js framework, Node.js is a JavaScript runtime, and Angular is a client-side framework. The document advocates for learning the MEAN stack to gain experience with new technologies like a NoSQL database and the popular Angular framework, while also using JavaScript end-to-end.

1. The MEAN Stack
HTTP://WWW.ASTERIXSOLUTION.COM/MEAN-STACK-TRAINING.HTML

2.  As a developer that recently graduated from a coding bootcamp, the big question
I had was “well, what do I learn now?”, right after “well, who’s gonna hire me
now?”. What I was working with for the past few months, and built 3 cool apps
with, was React, Redux, Javascript, PostgreSQL, Ruby, and Ruby on Rails. I wanted
to have a healthy amount of diversity within my skill set, but with all of the
languages and frameworks out there I had no idea where to start.
 Scrolling through tons of job listings I saw a wide variety of
languages/technologies such as C++, MySQL, Vue, Java, Go, Python, and Node.js
just to name a few. I was dumbfounded, I really wanted to learn something new
but nothing was clicking.

3.  Until I found the MEAN stack, it’d certainly add some diversity to my skill set and it
has a cool acronym.
 The acronym is cool and all but what does it mean? Well, it just stands for the
technologies it uses, MongoDB, Express, Angular, and Node.js.
 It effectively counters what I’ve been working with, a NoSQL database, the popular
alternative frontend framework to React, and a server-side Javascript run-time
environment.
 I knew I wanted to learn Angular because of Vue’s smaller community and over-
flexibility. The backend was a little harder to decide on, initially I wanted a C-based
compiled language, far from Ruby, for that extra spice such as Java or Go.

4.  The drawback being it’d take longer to learn. Also, I wanted to have experience
with a NoSQL database as I already dealt with a SQL database, but again, didn’t
know which to choose.
 Now the nitty-gritty of the MEAN stack, starting with good ol’ MongoDB. It’s a
NoSQL(“not only SQL”) database meaning it doesn’t enforce schema or
relations(flexible) and has documents in collections rather than records in tables.
As a NoSQL database, it scales horizontally, meaning it automatically spreads data
across servers as necessary conversely to the vertical scaling of SQL databases that
requires significant further engineering to deal with the increased demand and
spread over many servers.

5.  SQL databases take the cake when it comes to consistency due to their adherence
to a schema while a NoSQL database would need something like mongoose to
give the database a little more structure for a Node.js backend. Also, their types
vary greatly, NoSQL databases have several distinct types such as document
databases, graph databases, wide-column stores, and key-value stores while SQL
databases have one type with minor variations.
 In essence, use a NoSQL database, like mongoDB, for the simple scalability and
flexibility of your stored data; and use a SQL database, like PostgreSQL, for strong
consistency and relationships between your data models.

6.  I’ll combine the E and the N because they work in conjunction with one another.
Express is a robust Node.js web application framework that makes writing Node.js
code simpler.
 It’s middleware-based, meaning it funnels requests through functions, including
routing, view-rendering, and more. If you’re using Node, Express is a must due to
its MVC-like structure, ease of routing, and ultra fast I/O.
 Node is a Javascript runtime built on Chrome’s V8 Javascript engine. It implements
ECMAScript, e.g. ES6, allowing you to write modern Javascript for your server-side
logic. Node is responsible for interaction with your database and listens/responds
to client-side requests.

7.  It gives you the benefit of Full-Stack Javascript making it easy to learn and create
high performance apps due to Google’s open-source V8 Javascript engine. The
engine compiles the Javascript code directly into machine code, giving it that
performance boost for fast and effective code implementation. Node also scales
applications easily both horizontally, by adding additional nodes to your existing
system, and vertically, by adding extra resources to the single nodes. Another
benefit of Node is that it can handle concurrent requests more efficiently than
other server-side technologies such as Python or Ruby.
 Though, a key problem developers have with Node is the unstable changes to the
API, unstable in that a new version may have a number of backwards-incompatible
changes that forces developers to change their code to match the compatibility of
the latest version.

8.  Initially, I wanted to just stick with React because of the Virtual DOM advantage, but
after learning some more about Angular and how it works, I was curious. Angular is a
client-side Javascript framework that renders the UI with dynamic data. Similarly to
React, Angular runs on a component tree model, meaning you can create a very
modular UI with re-usable components.
 The typical structure for a component is a typescript file which holds the component
logic/data and an HTML file that uses template syntax to insert Javascript directly into
the template. Template syntax uses double brackets for Javascript code injection, e.g.
<p>{{ post.content }}</p>. I can’t talk about Angular without talking about Typescript
which is what Angular’s source code is written in.

9.  It may seem like “oh my God I need to learn another language for this?”, but Typescript allows
the use of ES2015/ES6 classes and modules. So, it feels like you’re writing modern Javascript
with a twist, the twist being decorators which isn’t a M. Night Shyamalan level twist. A
Typescript decorator for a component looks like this:
 The selector indicates the component within the HTML template, so in this case, you’d insert
<app-post-create></app-post-create> into your template file and that would render this
component. The template URL indicates the file that’ll contain what’ll actually be rendered to
the browser. The style URLs is an array of the files that will be responsible for styling that
specific component. To have an organized file structure, these 3 files are usually within a folder
with the component name, post-create in this case. Angular also has services, which are
Javascript classes or functions that encapsulate some logic.

10.  To me, services feel like a built-in Redux, because a service can contain a private data structure
and functions that can be injected directly into components, giving them access to those
functions. In Angular, you’ll create your root module in an app.module.ts file which will contain
the imports, declarations, and bootstrap.
 No matter where you are in your coding journey, whether you’re just starting out or you’ve
been coding for years, I hope I shined a light on the MEAN stack and adequately described its
highlights as a web development stack.
 My next projects will be built with the MEAN stack and I’m having a blast creating with these
technologies. Every time I learn something new it’s like a whole other world of possibilities
opens up and I’m free to endlessly explore that new world. There’s so much more to each of
these technologies that can’t be fully explained within one article, so I urge you to dive into
that MEAN rabbit hole and learn how you can create high performance web apps.

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