The document contains a collection of letters sent by the Prophet Muhammad to various kings and governors in the late 6th and early 7th century CE, calling them to accept Islam. It includes letters to the Negus (king) of Abyssinia, the vicegerent of Egypt called Muqawqas, and others ruling regions like Persia, Rome, Bahrain, Yamama and Damascus. The letters invite the leaders to worship only Allah and follow Muhammad as his prophet. Some leaders like the Negus accepted Islam while others pondered the message.
The Battle of Badr was a decisive battle fought in 624 CE between Muhammad and his followers from Medina and the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. The Quraysh sent a force of 1000 men to attack the outnumbered Muslim force of 313 men after some of Muhammad's followers intercepted a Quraysh trade caravan. Through divine intervention in the form of an army of angels, the Muslims were able to defeat the Quraysh and kill many of their leaders, including Abu Jahl, establishing the religion of Islam in Arabia.
The document discusses the classification and preservation of hadith. It defines hadith as sayings or conversations of the Prophet Muhammad, and explains that a hadith has two parts - the sanad (chain of narrators) and the matn (text). It describes how hadith were preserved through writing, memorization, and transmission across generations. It also outlines different classifications of hadith according to aspects like the narrators, text, or defects. The classification system helped verify the authenticity and reliability of hadith.
Understanding Taqlid Following One of The Four Great ImamsYousef al-Khattab
This document discusses the obligation of taqlid, or following the legal rulings of qualified Islamic scholars, for laymen. It argues that laymen are not scholars and do not have sufficient knowledge of Islamic sciences to derive rulings directly from primary sources. It notes that taqlid of experts is a rational practice in all fields.
The document then discusses why following one of the four main Sunni schools (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali) is obligatory. It notes that these schools were established by imams from the best generation in Islam and that scholars for over 1000 years have affirmed their legal reasoning. Laymen must therefore follow one of these established schools rather than opinions of
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang definisi dan struktur hadits, serta cabang-cabang ilmu hadits seperti riwayat, dirayah, dan musthalah hadits. Juga dibahas pembagian hadits berdasarkan kualitas sanad dan kuantitas rawi, serta syarat-syarat hadits shahih.
Battle of Badr_First Battle in Islamic HistoryAziz Ansari
The document provides details about the Battle of Badr which was a decisive early battle between Muslims and non-Muslims in 624 AD. It summarizes the persecution faced by Muslims in Mecca, their migration to Medina, and preparations for battle including fortifying positions and receiving divine assistance. On the day of battle, the much smaller Muslim army was victorious over the larger Quraysh force, killing several leaders. The battle established the strength of Islam and provided important lessons about distinguishing between truth and falsehood.
The document discusses the key pillars of Al-Qadar in Islam according to Islamic theology:
1) Al-Ilm - Allah's complete knowledge encompassing all things past, present and future.
2) Al-Kitabah - Allah's writing of all things in the Preserved Tablet before creation.
3) Allah's Mashee'ah - Allah's will that determines what occurs in the universe.
4) Al-Khalaq - Allah as the sole Creator of everything and anything that exists.
The Battle of Badr was a decisive battle fought in 624 CE between Muhammad and his followers from Medina and the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. The Quraysh sent a force of 1000 men to attack the outnumbered Muslim force of 313 men after some of Muhammad's followers intercepted a Quraysh trade caravan. Through divine intervention in the form of an army of angels, the Muslims were able to defeat the Quraysh and kill many of their leaders, including Abu Jahl, establishing the religion of Islam in Arabia.
The document discusses the classification and preservation of hadith. It defines hadith as sayings or conversations of the Prophet Muhammad, and explains that a hadith has two parts - the sanad (chain of narrators) and the matn (text). It describes how hadith were preserved through writing, memorization, and transmission across generations. It also outlines different classifications of hadith according to aspects like the narrators, text, or defects. The classification system helped verify the authenticity and reliability of hadith.
Understanding Taqlid Following One of The Four Great ImamsYousef al-Khattab
This document discusses the obligation of taqlid, or following the legal rulings of qualified Islamic scholars, for laymen. It argues that laymen are not scholars and do not have sufficient knowledge of Islamic sciences to derive rulings directly from primary sources. It notes that taqlid of experts is a rational practice in all fields.
The document then discusses why following one of the four main Sunni schools (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali) is obligatory. It notes that these schools were established by imams from the best generation in Islam and that scholars for over 1000 years have affirmed their legal reasoning. Laymen must therefore follow one of these established schools rather than opinions of
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang definisi dan struktur hadits, serta cabang-cabang ilmu hadits seperti riwayat, dirayah, dan musthalah hadits. Juga dibahas pembagian hadits berdasarkan kualitas sanad dan kuantitas rawi, serta syarat-syarat hadits shahih.
Battle of Badr_First Battle in Islamic HistoryAziz Ansari
The document provides details about the Battle of Badr which was a decisive early battle between Muslims and non-Muslims in 624 AD. It summarizes the persecution faced by Muslims in Mecca, their migration to Medina, and preparations for battle including fortifying positions and receiving divine assistance. On the day of battle, the much smaller Muslim army was victorious over the larger Quraysh force, killing several leaders. The battle established the strength of Islam and provided important lessons about distinguishing between truth and falsehood.
The document discusses the key pillars of Al-Qadar in Islam according to Islamic theology:
1) Al-Ilm - Allah's complete knowledge encompassing all things past, present and future.
2) Al-Kitabah - Allah's writing of all things in the Preserved Tablet before creation.
3) Allah's Mashee'ah - Allah's will that determines what occurs in the universe.
4) Al-Khalaq - Allah as the sole Creator of everything and anything that exists.
The document provides an overview of the history and key characteristics of the Islamic civilization from its origins in the 7th century to modern times. It discusses how Islam originated in Medina under the leadership of Prophet Muhammad and the establishment of the first Islamic state. It then summarizes the major Islamic empires and dynasties that shaped the civilization, including the Umayyads, Abbasids, and Ottomans. The summary highlights the spread of Islamic influence across North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and parts of Europe over the centuries.
Taqleed;
An Innovation in Deen or Necessary in Deen
A Critical Study on Ibn Al- Qayyim Al Jawziyyah’s (RA) Treatise on Taqleed
Delivered by Mufti Abdul Waheed
Taqleed – following a specific legal school, has been a topic of extreme controversy. Amongst the leading figures to critically write on this subject extensively was Imam Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah (RA). He proposes the argument that it is necessary for every Muslim to primarily adhere to the scripture, Qur’an and Sunnah. Hence, those who strictly follow a particular legal school are in fact preferring a madhab over scriptures, which is tantamount to those of following their fore fathers, as condemned in the Qur’an. Superficially, it appears to be a valid argument but is it necessarily true that following a legal school results in abandoning or preferring it over scriptures? What is the need of scholars of great calibre adhering to one of the legal schools in the first place? Is it possible for every person to distinguish between authentic and non-authentic Hadeeth? Did the Imams themselves prohibit others of doing Talqeed of them? The whole discussion pivots on the issue of Ijtihad and whether is it necessary to know the evidence of the Imam or not.
Mufti Abdul Waheed will address the following major points;
What is Ijtihad and its Qualification?
Is it possible to always follow authentic Hadeeth?
Is it necessary for a layperson to know the evidences of his Imam?
Why Taqleed became part of the discourse of Usool ul-Fiqh?
Why follow one legal school as opposed to all in general?
Taqleed and ittiba, same thing or not?
A critical analysis on Ibn Qayyim al– Jawziyyah’s (RA) proposed arguments on Taqleed.
And much more….
By the end of the session you shall walk away with the understanding of the following;
The concept of Ijtihad and its applicability.
The legacy of the four Imams
Appreciate the complexity involved in determining what is authentic and what is not.
Why Taqleed of one school became necessary.
This document provides an account of the Battle of Badr and the factors that led to it. It notes that the Battle of Badr was the first battle in Islam and resulted from threats from Quraysh caravans, raids on their caravans, and jealousy from the Jews and hypocrites in Medina. The battle was significant as it increased the reputation of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers, demonstrated their courage and faith in Allah, and marked the beginning of the expansion of the Islamic empire across Arabia and beyond.
The Battle of Badr was fought between 313 Muslim fighters led by the Prophet Muhammad and a force of 1,000 Quraysh disbelievers. The Muslims were poorly equipped with few weapons, while the Quraysh army was large and well-armed. Despite being outnumbered, the Muslims were victorious through divine assistance, inflicting a crushing defeat on the disbelievers. The battle marked an important turning point, establishing the strength of the growing Muslim community in Arabia.
Ubayy ibn Ka'b was a chief reciter of the Quran who participated in battles alongside the Prophet and acted as his scribe. He memorized the Quran and knew it better than most. He was highly respected for his knowledge of the Quran and hadith and community members would consult him on religious issues. Ubayy dedicated his life to serving the Prophet and preserving and teaching the words of the Quran.
This document provides definitions and contextual examples for various Arabic words mentioned in the Quran. It lists the Arabic spelling, English translation, and Quranic references for terms related to ability, abundance, advice, affection, allies, balance, believers, blessings, and bringers of good news. The definitions and examples give insight into the meaning and usage of important religious concepts in Islamic scripture.
There are six articles of Faith in Islam:
1. Belief in Allah (God),
2. Belief in His Angels,
3. Belief in His Books,
4. Belief in His Messengers,
5. Belief in the Last Day, and:
6. Belief in the Divine Preordainment and Divine Decree (Qadhaa' and Qadr).
The document describes a decisive battle between Muslim forces led by Caliph Omar and the Persians led by Yazdajred at the mountainous city of Nahawand. Omar gathered 30,000 fighters under experienced commanders to engage the 150,000-strong Persian force fortified in Nahawand. After failed attempts to breach the defenses, the Muslims prevailed in a key victory that marked the fall of the Sasanian Persian Empire and the continuation of Muslim conquests across Persia and other lands.
Usman ibn Affan was the third caliph of Islam who ruled from 644-656 CE. He was known for his piety, generosity, and notable achievements including funding projects, expanding the Rashidun caliphate, and organizing the compilation of the Quran into a complete text. However, rebellion and dissent grew during the second half of his caliphate. Despite refusing to resign when demanded, rebels surrounded and eventually assassinated Usman when he was 84 years old while he was reciting the Quran.
1. The verse summarizes key Islamic teachings of justice, kindness, and morality while forbidding injustice, shameful acts, and rebellion.
2. It is considered one of the most comprehensive verses in the Quran and has been recited regularly in Islamic sermons and prayers.
3. The document then provides historical context and interpretations of the terms used in the verse from Islamic scholars and texts.
The document provides definitions and explanations of the term "hadeeth" and how it is used. It defines hadeeth linguistically as news, reports or conversations, and notes that in an Islamic context it came to specifically refer to reports about the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. It then discusses three categories of usage for the term hadeeth: (1) referring to the Quran itself, (2) referring to historical stories, and (3) referring to general conversations. The document aims to clarify terminology related to evaluating and studying hadith.
The document provides an overview of Islam as a complete way of life. It discusses Islam as an ideology consisting of a creed and system of rules. The Islamic creed establishes the existence of Allah as the one and only Creator through rational examination of the universe. It also establishes the necessity of prophethood and that the Quran is the final revelation from Allah through the prophet Muhammad. The system of Islam provides comprehensive laws governing relationships with the Creator, individuals, and society. The document presents Islam as offering solutions to modern problems that other ideologies have failed to resolve.
This slide program explains significance of Lailatul Qadar in the light of Quran and Sunnah of our beloved Prophet (SAW). It explains its signs and how to search for it. It also explains things to do on this blessed night to get maximum rewards from Allah (SWT)
The document discusses key groups from early Islam: the Muhajireen who were early converts to Islam and helped spread the religion while migrating from Mecca to Medina; the Ansar who were people living in Medina who invited Muhammad and the Muhajireen to their city; ten blessed companions who were told they would enter paradise; and scribes who recorded revelations of the Quran on various materials and memorized verses. It provides examples of important individuals from each group.
The document summarizes the Battle of Hunayn which took place in 8 AH. The Hawazen and Thaqif tribes gathered a large army to attack the Muslims in Mecca. The Prophet Muhammad led the Muslim army of 12,000 men to confront the enemy force of 20,000 men in the valley of Hunayn. The Muslims were initially ambushed and their army fell into chaos, but the Prophet remained standing firm. With the help of returning companions, the battle was reorganized and the Muslims eventually defeated the Hawazen and Thaqif tribes, chasing after the remnants. After gathering spoils, the Prophet divided them in Jurana before returning to Madina.
The document summarizes key details about several early battles in Islamic history:
The Battle of Badr involved 313 poorly armed Muslim soldiers led by the Prophet Muhammad facing 1,000 strongly equipped soldiers from the Quraish tribe led by Abu Jahal. Through bravery and prayer, the Muslims were victorious, killing 70 Quraish soldiers while only losing 14 of their own. This battle strengthened the foundation of the Prophet and early Muslim community.
The document discusses the social aspects of prayers (salah) in Islam. It covers topics like punctuality, self-discipline, cleanliness, patience, cooperation, and humility that prayers cultivate socially. It also discusses the importance, purpose, and benefits of prayers, including spiritual benefits like closeness to God and medical benefits like improved heart health. The document stresses that neglecting prayers will result in punishments both in this life and in the hereafter.
The document contains a summary of letters sent by the Prophet Muhammad to various rulers and governors in the late 6th and early 7th century CE, calling them to accept Islam. It provides the full text of some of these letters, such as one sent to Negus, the Christian king of Abyssinia, who accepted Muhammad as a prophet, and another to the vicegerent of Egypt who showed interest but did not fully convert. The letters call on the rulers to worship only Allah and follow the teachings of Muhammad.
The document contains a summary of letters sent by the Prophet Muhammad to various rulers and governors in the late 6th and early 7th century CE, calling them to accept Islam. It provides the full text of some of these letters, such as one sent to Negus, the Christian king of Abyssinia, who accepted Muhammad's message and provided protection to some early Muslim migrants. Another letter was sent to the vicegerent of Egypt, who was open to Muhammad's message but did not fully accept Islam. A third letter summarized was sent to the Emperor of Persia, Chosroes, inviting him to accept the religion of Islam.
The document provides an overview of the history and key characteristics of the Islamic civilization from its origins in the 7th century to modern times. It discusses how Islam originated in Medina under the leadership of Prophet Muhammad and the establishment of the first Islamic state. It then summarizes the major Islamic empires and dynasties that shaped the civilization, including the Umayyads, Abbasids, and Ottomans. The summary highlights the spread of Islamic influence across North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and parts of Europe over the centuries.
Taqleed;
An Innovation in Deen or Necessary in Deen
A Critical Study on Ibn Al- Qayyim Al Jawziyyah’s (RA) Treatise on Taqleed
Delivered by Mufti Abdul Waheed
Taqleed – following a specific legal school, has been a topic of extreme controversy. Amongst the leading figures to critically write on this subject extensively was Imam Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah (RA). He proposes the argument that it is necessary for every Muslim to primarily adhere to the scripture, Qur’an and Sunnah. Hence, those who strictly follow a particular legal school are in fact preferring a madhab over scriptures, which is tantamount to those of following their fore fathers, as condemned in the Qur’an. Superficially, it appears to be a valid argument but is it necessarily true that following a legal school results in abandoning or preferring it over scriptures? What is the need of scholars of great calibre adhering to one of the legal schools in the first place? Is it possible for every person to distinguish between authentic and non-authentic Hadeeth? Did the Imams themselves prohibit others of doing Talqeed of them? The whole discussion pivots on the issue of Ijtihad and whether is it necessary to know the evidence of the Imam or not.
Mufti Abdul Waheed will address the following major points;
What is Ijtihad and its Qualification?
Is it possible to always follow authentic Hadeeth?
Is it necessary for a layperson to know the evidences of his Imam?
Why Taqleed became part of the discourse of Usool ul-Fiqh?
Why follow one legal school as opposed to all in general?
Taqleed and ittiba, same thing or not?
A critical analysis on Ibn Qayyim al– Jawziyyah’s (RA) proposed arguments on Taqleed.
And much more….
By the end of the session you shall walk away with the understanding of the following;
The concept of Ijtihad and its applicability.
The legacy of the four Imams
Appreciate the complexity involved in determining what is authentic and what is not.
Why Taqleed of one school became necessary.
This document provides an account of the Battle of Badr and the factors that led to it. It notes that the Battle of Badr was the first battle in Islam and resulted from threats from Quraysh caravans, raids on their caravans, and jealousy from the Jews and hypocrites in Medina. The battle was significant as it increased the reputation of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers, demonstrated their courage and faith in Allah, and marked the beginning of the expansion of the Islamic empire across Arabia and beyond.
The Battle of Badr was fought between 313 Muslim fighters led by the Prophet Muhammad and a force of 1,000 Quraysh disbelievers. The Muslims were poorly equipped with few weapons, while the Quraysh army was large and well-armed. Despite being outnumbered, the Muslims were victorious through divine assistance, inflicting a crushing defeat on the disbelievers. The battle marked an important turning point, establishing the strength of the growing Muslim community in Arabia.
Ubayy ibn Ka'b was a chief reciter of the Quran who participated in battles alongside the Prophet and acted as his scribe. He memorized the Quran and knew it better than most. He was highly respected for his knowledge of the Quran and hadith and community members would consult him on religious issues. Ubayy dedicated his life to serving the Prophet and preserving and teaching the words of the Quran.
This document provides definitions and contextual examples for various Arabic words mentioned in the Quran. It lists the Arabic spelling, English translation, and Quranic references for terms related to ability, abundance, advice, affection, allies, balance, believers, blessings, and bringers of good news. The definitions and examples give insight into the meaning and usage of important religious concepts in Islamic scripture.
There are six articles of Faith in Islam:
1. Belief in Allah (God),
2. Belief in His Angels,
3. Belief in His Books,
4. Belief in His Messengers,
5. Belief in the Last Day, and:
6. Belief in the Divine Preordainment and Divine Decree (Qadhaa' and Qadr).
The document describes a decisive battle between Muslim forces led by Caliph Omar and the Persians led by Yazdajred at the mountainous city of Nahawand. Omar gathered 30,000 fighters under experienced commanders to engage the 150,000-strong Persian force fortified in Nahawand. After failed attempts to breach the defenses, the Muslims prevailed in a key victory that marked the fall of the Sasanian Persian Empire and the continuation of Muslim conquests across Persia and other lands.
Usman ibn Affan was the third caliph of Islam who ruled from 644-656 CE. He was known for his piety, generosity, and notable achievements including funding projects, expanding the Rashidun caliphate, and organizing the compilation of the Quran into a complete text. However, rebellion and dissent grew during the second half of his caliphate. Despite refusing to resign when demanded, rebels surrounded and eventually assassinated Usman when he was 84 years old while he was reciting the Quran.
1. The verse summarizes key Islamic teachings of justice, kindness, and morality while forbidding injustice, shameful acts, and rebellion.
2. It is considered one of the most comprehensive verses in the Quran and has been recited regularly in Islamic sermons and prayers.
3. The document then provides historical context and interpretations of the terms used in the verse from Islamic scholars and texts.
The document provides definitions and explanations of the term "hadeeth" and how it is used. It defines hadeeth linguistically as news, reports or conversations, and notes that in an Islamic context it came to specifically refer to reports about the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. It then discusses three categories of usage for the term hadeeth: (1) referring to the Quran itself, (2) referring to historical stories, and (3) referring to general conversations. The document aims to clarify terminology related to evaluating and studying hadith.
The document provides an overview of Islam as a complete way of life. It discusses Islam as an ideology consisting of a creed and system of rules. The Islamic creed establishes the existence of Allah as the one and only Creator through rational examination of the universe. It also establishes the necessity of prophethood and that the Quran is the final revelation from Allah through the prophet Muhammad. The system of Islam provides comprehensive laws governing relationships with the Creator, individuals, and society. The document presents Islam as offering solutions to modern problems that other ideologies have failed to resolve.
This slide program explains significance of Lailatul Qadar in the light of Quran and Sunnah of our beloved Prophet (SAW). It explains its signs and how to search for it. It also explains things to do on this blessed night to get maximum rewards from Allah (SWT)
The document discusses key groups from early Islam: the Muhajireen who were early converts to Islam and helped spread the religion while migrating from Mecca to Medina; the Ansar who were people living in Medina who invited Muhammad and the Muhajireen to their city; ten blessed companions who were told they would enter paradise; and scribes who recorded revelations of the Quran on various materials and memorized verses. It provides examples of important individuals from each group.
The document summarizes the Battle of Hunayn which took place in 8 AH. The Hawazen and Thaqif tribes gathered a large army to attack the Muslims in Mecca. The Prophet Muhammad led the Muslim army of 12,000 men to confront the enemy force of 20,000 men in the valley of Hunayn. The Muslims were initially ambushed and their army fell into chaos, but the Prophet remained standing firm. With the help of returning companions, the battle was reorganized and the Muslims eventually defeated the Hawazen and Thaqif tribes, chasing after the remnants. After gathering spoils, the Prophet divided them in Jurana before returning to Madina.
The document summarizes key details about several early battles in Islamic history:
The Battle of Badr involved 313 poorly armed Muslim soldiers led by the Prophet Muhammad facing 1,000 strongly equipped soldiers from the Quraish tribe led by Abu Jahal. Through bravery and prayer, the Muslims were victorious, killing 70 Quraish soldiers while only losing 14 of their own. This battle strengthened the foundation of the Prophet and early Muslim community.
The document discusses the social aspects of prayers (salah) in Islam. It covers topics like punctuality, self-discipline, cleanliness, patience, cooperation, and humility that prayers cultivate socially. It also discusses the importance, purpose, and benefits of prayers, including spiritual benefits like closeness to God and medical benefits like improved heart health. The document stresses that neglecting prayers will result in punishments both in this life and in the hereafter.
The document contains a summary of letters sent by the Prophet Muhammad to various rulers and governors in the late 6th and early 7th century CE, calling them to accept Islam. It provides the full text of some of these letters, such as one sent to Negus, the Christian king of Abyssinia, who accepted Muhammad as a prophet, and another to the vicegerent of Egypt who showed interest but did not fully convert. The letters call on the rulers to worship only Allah and follow the teachings of Muhammad.
The document contains a summary of letters sent by the Prophet Muhammad to various rulers and governors in the late 6th and early 7th century CE, calling them to accept Islam. It provides the full text of some of these letters, such as one sent to Negus, the Christian king of Abyssinia, who accepted Muhammad's message and provided protection to some early Muslim migrants. Another letter was sent to the vicegerent of Egypt, who was open to Muhammad's message but did not fully accept Islam. A third letter summarized was sent to the Emperor of Persia, Chosroes, inviting him to accept the religion of Islam.
The document contains letters sent by the prophet Muhammad to various kings and rulers in the late 6th and early 7th centuries CE, calling them to accept Islam. It summarizes the contents of 8 letters sent to rulers in Abyssinia, Egypt, Persia, Rome, Bahrain, Yamama, Damascus and Oman. The letters introduce Muhammad as the messenger of God, call the rulers to embrace Islam for their own safety and security, and warn them that if they reject Islam they will be responsible for the evils of their people. Some rulers like the Negus of Abyssinia accepted Islam after receiving the letter, while others like the Muqawqas of Egypt did not embrace Islam despite showing initial
En the letters_of_the_prophet_muhammad_to_the_kings_beyond_arabiaZaffer Khan
The document contains letters sent by the prophet Muhammad to various kings and rulers in the late 6th and early 7th centuries CE, calling them to accept Islam. It summarizes the contents of 8 letters sent to rulers in Abyssinia, Egypt, Persia, Rome, Bahrain, Yamama, Damascus and Oman. The letters introduce Muhammad as the messenger of God, call the rulers to embrace Islam for their own safety and security, and warn them that if they reject the message they will be responsible for the evils of their people. Some rulers like the Negus of Abyssinia accepted Islam after receiving the letter, while others like the Muqawqas of Egypt did not embrace the faith.
Letters from our prophet (saas) (pbuh). Communicating Islam. englishHarunyahyaEnglish
Our Prophet Muhammad (saas) effectively communicated Islam through letters sent to various rulers. One letter was sent to Mukavkis, the governor of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam for security, peace and reward from Allah. In response, Mukavkis sent gifts and many Egyptians converted to Islam. Another letter was sent to the Byzantine Emperor Heraklius, inviting him to accept the shared beliefs of monotheism found in Islam and Christianity. Heraklius was impressed by the virtues and increasing following of the Prophet. A third letter was sent to the Negus of Abyssinia, who protected Muslim refugees and expressed admiration for the Prophet.
This document provides an introduction and acknowledgments for a book about the Promised Prophet of the Bible. It discusses:
- Thanking those involved in the project, including translators, proofreaders, and supporters.
- Stating the importance of proving the prophethood of Muhammad to spread the message of Islam.
- Noting that the Bible contains prophecies about a final prophet that Muslims believe refer to Muhammad, while Jews still await him and Christians believe it was Jesus.
- Explaining that the book will use Biblical sources as references to find evidence for Muhammad's prophethood.
Islam is not the name of some unique religion presented for the first time by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) who should, on that account be called the founder of Islam.
The Qur'an states that Islam - the complete submission of man before his one and only Unique Creator - is the one and only faith and way of life consistently revealed by God to humankind from the very beginning. Noah, Solomon, David, Abraham, Moses, Isaac and Jesus - prophets who appeared at different times and places - all propagated the same faith and conveyed the same message of Tawheed (Oneness of God), Risaalat (Prophethood) and Aakhirah (the Hereafter). These prophets of God were not founders of different religions to be named after them. They were each reiterating the message and faith of their predecessors.
However, Muhammad (pbuh) was the last Prophet of God. God revived through him the same genuine faith which had been conveyed by all His Prophets. Since there was to be no messenger after Muhammad (pbuh), the Book revealed to him (i.e. the Qur'an) was preserved word for word so that it should be a source of guidance for all times.
"Verily, We have sent down to you (O Muhammad (S)) the Book (this Quran) for mankind in truth. So whosoever accepts the guidance, it is only for his own self, and whosoever goes astray, he goes astray only for his (own) loss. And you (O Muhammad (S)) are not a Wakeel (trustee or disposer of affairs, or manager) over them." (The Noble Quran 39:41)
The document provides a brief overview of the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in 3 sentences:
Muhammad (PBUH) was born in 570 CE in Mecca and began receiving revelations from God at age 40, facing opposition from Meccans but finding support from Muslims in Medina, and spent his later years uniting the Arabian Peninsula under the religion of Islam and establishing the first Islamic community and state.
This document provides a historical overview of the relationship between Jews, Christians, and Muslims over eight phases. It discusses periods of conflict and persecution between the groups as well as times of cooperation. A key point is that early Christians in areas controlled by Muslims, such as Abyssinia, protected Muslim refugees from Mecca and saw similarities between Islam and their own faith. The document advocates for improved cooperation between Muslims and Christians today.
This slide program explains 10 rights of Prophet Mohammad (SAW) upon the Muslims. It is incumbent upon Muslims to learn these and fulfill those as best as possible.
Anne Stephens (Khadiejah) of www.Muhammad.com articulated in 37 booklets some of the 9408 companies of Prophet Muhammad, whom Hafiz Ibn Hajar compiled their biographies. Enjoy
Is the Quran the word of God? - Zakir NaikHear O World
The document discusses whether the Quran is the word of God or not. It presents three options for the authorship of the Quran: 1) Muhammad authored it himself, 2) He learned it from other sources, or 3) It has no human author and is a direct revelation from God. The document argues that Muhammad did not author the Quran himself based on the facts that he never claimed authorship and did not materially benefit from its revelation, as his financial position declined after becoming a prophet.
Jesus in the quran by ahmad thomson and muhammad ata ur rahimtopbottom1
This document provides an introduction and overview of the book "Jesus in the Quran" by Ahmad Thomson and Muhammad Ata'ur-Rahim. It discusses the book's origins as a chapter from a previous work, and revisions made for this edition. The introduction notes that passages from the Quran are translated from the translation of Abdalhaqq and Aisha Bewley rather than the previous translator used.
This document introduces a book that aims to prove from the Bible that Muhammad is the final prophet foretold by previous prophets. It acknowledges previous prophets, thanks those involved in the book's publication, and notes that some truth remains in the Bible despite alterations. It promises to examine biblical prophecies about a coming prophet referred to as the "expected prophet" or "Messiah" and argues this refers to Muhammad, not Jesus. The introduction defines the title "Messiah" as a designation for anointed kings and prophets, not a personal name, in the Bible.
The document discusses biblical prophecies about the prophet Muhammad. It provides evidence from the Old and New Testaments to support arguments that Muhammad fulfilled prophecies of a prophet to come like Moses, from among the brethren of the Israelites, and that God would put his words in his mouth. Specifically, it references prophecies in Deuteronomy, Isaiah, John and other texts that align with details of Muhammad's life and message. The document aims to show that Muhammad, not Jesus, fits the description of the prophesied prophet.
An academic comparasion between Islam and Christianty. Do Muslims believe in Jesus? What does the Bible say about Muhammad? How similar are the two faiths
This document introduces a book that aims to prove that the prophet Muhammad is the prophet foretold in Jewish and Christian scriptures. It begins by acknowledging those who helped produce and translate the book. It then discusses how proving Muhammad's prophethood is important for Muslims. The book will examine prophecies in the Bible to argue they refer to Muhammad, not Jesus. It discusses terms like "Messiah" that were used for prophets. The introduction sets up the goal of matching Bible prophecies to Muhammad.
The document contains passages from religious scriptures discussing prophecies about Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It discusses prophecies found in the Old Testament, New Testament, Hindu scriptures like Bhavishya Purana and Atharvaveda that are claimed to reference Prophet Muhammad or Islam. The passages describe prophecies relating to his name, characteristics, followers and message that Muslims believe were fulfilled by Prophet Muhammad and the religion of Islam.
The document discusses prophecies about Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) that are mentioned in various religious scriptures including the Bible, Hindu scriptures, and Bhavishya Purana. It provides details and evidence from the texts of prophecies about the coming of a prophet from among the brethren of Moses, who will put God's words in his mouth, and will be like Moses. It also discusses prophecies using terms like Paraclete, Comforter, and Ahmad that are believed to refer to Prophet Muhammad. The document aims to show that Prophet Muhammad was foretold in previous scriptures.
Similar to The letters of the prophet muhammad to the kings beyond arabia (20)
By Shaykh Ashraf Ali Thanvi (رحمه الله)
(مولانا اشرف علی تھانوی)
This book contains a collection of most famous Islamic Duas/Azkar
(دعاؤں اور اذکار کا ایک بہترین اور مقبول مجموعہ)
Title: Dealing with the Coronavirus
Author:Shaykh-ul-Hadith Hadrat Mawlana Muhammad Saleem Dhorat Hifzahullah
Publisher: Islamic Da'wah Academy
Website: www.idauk.org
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This message is for every Christian who is willing to search for the truth with a sincere desire, and a broad mind to provide him with answers to questions that would otherwise take him long time to find.
CONTENTS:
• Foreword
• The divine purpose
• Who deserves to be worshiped?
• The birth of Mary
• The birth of Jesus
• The infant speaks
• People's reaction
• Jesus' privileges and miracles
• The reaction of the Children of Israel
• What is more difficult and miraculous, the creation of Adam, or the birth of Jesus?
• Cross-Examination
• Important points to remember
• Check and compare
• The Last Supper
This document discusses the conflict between Islam and secularism. It argues that secularism is a contemporary manifestation of jahiliyyah (ignorance) and is fundamentally at odds with Islamic monotheism. Secularism restricts Islam to the mosque and seeks to govern society without Islamic law, which constitutes polytheism. The document outlines how secularism entered Muslim lands through the influence of hypocritical secularists, using Turkey as an example. It concludes that secularism has no place in Muslim societies due to Islam's all-encompassing nature and the historical compatibility of Islam with science.
نور الاقتباس في مشكاة وصية النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لابن عباس
(ابن رجب الحنبلي)
Nurul Iqtibas fi Mishkat Wasiyyah Al-Nabi li Ibn 'Abbas
Prophet Muhammad's (ﷺ) Advice to Ibn Abbas (رضي الله عنه)
-------
The spiritual and wordly life of a Muslim is focused on Allah. Success in both entails knowing Allah, loving Him, trusting Him and worshipping Him alone. It requires the Muslim to learn his religion, discipline his soul and refine his conduct. The Muslim must have firm faith that everything that happens to him in this life is good for him, that his Lord would never decree anything that would be detrimental and, as such, he is required to be patient and steadfast in the face of adversity and grateful at times of ease.
In this treatise, the author, ibn Rajab sets out to explain the advice the Prophet (SAW) imparted to ibn Abbas (radiyAllahu’anhuma), ‘Safeguard Allah and He will safeguard you. Safeguard Allah and you will find Him in front of you. Know Allah in times of ease and He will know you in times of hardship. When you ask, ask Allah. When you seek aid, turn to Allah. The Pen has dried (after having written) all that will occur…’
It would not be an exaggeration to say that if a Muslim was to understand this hadith and follow it closely, he would be well on his way to fulfilling the goals highlighted above. It is for this reason that ibn al-Jawzi said, ‘I pondered this hadith and it struck me with awe; I was so astounded that I almost became light headed… The prevailing ignorance of this hadith and the lack of understanding thereof is truly distressing!’.
‘Abdu’l-Qadir al-Jilani said, ‘Every believer should make this hadith a mirror to his heart, his axiom, his shelter and his topic of conversation. He should act by it in all times of motion and stillness so that he can be saved in this world and in the Hereafter.’
Imam ibn Rajab al-Hanbali (d.795H) was a scholar praised extensively for his vast knowledge, ascetism and expertise in the Hanbali school of thought as well as in hadith and its related sciences. His writings, gatherings and sermons were full of blessings and he was loved by all. He has written numerous monographs explaining individual hadiths of which this one, a series of which is currently being published by Daar us-Sunnah Publishers.
The translator has added appendices which comprise further explanations to the hadith by Mulla Ali al-Qari, ibn ‘Allan, and ibn ‘Uthaymin
The document discusses downloading the Tajwidi Quran. It provides a resource for obtaining a digital copy of the Quran with Tajweed rules included to help with proper recitation. The document likely contains a link or instructions for accessing the Tajwidi Quran in an electronic format.
Sanatan Vastu | Experience Great Living | Vastu ExpertSanatan Vastu
Santan Vastu Provides Vedic astrology courses & Vastu remedies, If you are searching Vastu for home, Vastu for kitchen, Vastu for house, Vastu for Office & Factory. Best Vastu in Bahadurgarh. Best Vastu in Delhi NCR
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - MessageCole Hartman
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
The forces involved in this witchcraft spell will re-establish the loving bond between you and help to build a strong, loving relationship from which to start anew. Despite any previous hardships or problems, the spell work will re-establish the strong bonds of friendship and love upon which the marriage and relationship originated. Have faith, these stop divorce and stop separation spells are extremely powerful and will reconnect you and your partner in a strong and harmonious relationship.
My ritual will not only stop separation and divorce, but rebuild a strong bond between you and your partner that is based on truth, honesty, and unconditional love. For an even stronger effect, you may want to consider using the Eternal Love Bond spell to ensure your relationship and love will last through all tests of time. If you have not yet determined if your partner is considering separation or divorce, but are aware of rifts in the relationship, try the Love Spells to remove problems in a relationship or marriage. Keep in mind that all my love spells are 100% customized and that you'll only need 1 spell to address all problems/wishes.
Save your marriage from divorce & make your relationship stronger using anti divorce spells to make him or her fall back in love with you. End your marriage if you are no longer in love with your husband or wife. Permanently end your marriage using divorce spells that work fast. Protect your marriage from divorce using love spells to boost commitment, love & bind your hearts together for a stronger marriage that will last. Get your ex lover who has remarried using divorce spells to break up a couple & make your ex lost lover come back to you permanently.
Visit https://www.profbalaj.com/love-spells-loves-spells-that-work/
Call/WhatsApp +27836633417 for more info.
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...OH TEIK BIN
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents
The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...Phoenix O
This manual will guide you through basic skills and tasks to help you get started with various aspects of Magic. Each section is designed to be easy to follow, with step-by-step instructions.
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...franktsao4
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
The Book of Ruth is included in the third division, or the Writings, of the Hebrew Bible. In most Christian canons it is treated as one of the historical books and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel.
The letters of the prophet muhammad to the kings beyond arabia
1. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
1
Contents
1-A Deputation to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) ............................................... 3
2-Letter to the Vicegerent of Egypt , called Muqawqas .................. 8
3-A Letter to Chosroes, Emperor of Persia .......................................11
4-The Envoy to Caesar, King of Rome. ..............................................13
5-A Letter to Mundhir bin Sawa, Governor of Bahrain................17
6-A Letter to Haudha bin ‘Ali, Governor of Yamama.....................19
7-A Letter to Harith Al-Ghassani, King of Damascus...................21
8-A Letter to the King of ‘Oman, Jaifer, and his Brother ............22
2. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
2
The letters of the prophet
Muhammad
(Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)
To the kings beyond Arabia
Late in the six year A.H., on his return from Hudaibiyah, the
Prophet Muhammad , decided to send messages to the kings
beyond Arabia calling them to Islam. In order to authenticate the
credentials of his envoys, a silver seal was made in which were
graven the words: "Muhammad the Messenger of Allâh"
[Sahih Al-Bukhari 2/872,873]
3. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
3
1-A Deputation to Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
Negus, king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), his name was Ashama bin Al-
Abjar, received the Prophet’s message, despatched by Amr bin
Omaiyah Ad-Damari, which At-Tabari referred to, either late in the
sixth year or early in the seventh year A.H. Deep scrutiny into the
letter shows that it was not the one sent after Al-Hudaibiyah event.
Wording of the letter rather indicates that it was sent to that king
when Ja‘far and his companions emigrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
during the Makkan period. One of its sentences read
"I have despatched my cousin, Ja‘far (may Allâh be pleased wth
him) with a group of Muslims, to you. Do be generous towards
them and give up haughtiness."
4. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
4
Al-Baihaqi, on the authority of Ibn Ishaq, gave the following
narration of the Prophet’s letter sent to Negus:
"This letter is sent from Muhammad, the Prophet to Negus Al-
Ashama, the king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia).
Peace be upon him who follows true guidance and believes in
Allâh and His Messenger. I bear witness that there is no god but
Allâh Alone with no associate, He has taken neither a wife nor a
son, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. I call you
unto the fold of Islam; if you embrace Islam, you will find safety,
"Say (O Muhammad ): ‘O people of the Scripture (Jews
and Christians), come to a word that is just between us and
you, that we worship none but Allâh, and that we associate no
partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as
lords besides Allâh.’ Then, if they turn away, say: ‘Bear
witness that we are Muslims.’ " [The Noble Qur'an 3:64]
Should you reject this invitation, then you will be held responsible
for all the evils of the Christians of your people."
Dr. Hameedullah (Paris), a reliable verifier, has adduced a version
of the above letter disclosed only a short time ago and identical to
Ibn Al-Qaiyim’s narration. Dr. Hameedullah exerted painstaking
effort and used all means of modern technology to verify the text
of the letter, which reads as follows:
5. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
5
"In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad the Messenger of Allâh to Negus, king of
Abyssinia (Ethiopia). Peace be upon him who follows true
guidance. Salutations, I entertain Allâh’s praise, there is no god
but He, the Sovereign, the Holy, the Source of peace, the Giver
of peace, the Guardian of faith, the Preserver of safety. I bear
witness that Jesus, the son of Mary, is the spirit of Allâh and
His Word which He cast into Mary, the virgin, the good, the
pure, so that she conceived Jesus. Allâh created him from His
spirit and His breathing as He created Adam by His Hand. I
call you to Allâh Alone with no associate and to His obedience
and to follow me and to believe in that which came to me, for I
am the Messenger of Allâh. I invite you and your men to Allâh,
the Glorious, the All-Mighty. I hereby bear witness that I have
communicated my message and advice. I invite you to listen
and accept my advice. Peace be upon him who follows true
guidance."[Za'd Al-Ma'ad 3/60]
6. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
6
When ‘Amr bin Omaiyah Ad-Damari communicated the Apostolic
letter to Negus, the latter took the parchment and placed it on his
eye, descended to the floor, confessed his faith in Islam and wrote
the following reply to the Prophet :
"In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Negus Ashama to Muhammad, the Messenger of Allâh.
Peace be upon you, O Messenger of Allâh! and mercy and
blessing from Allâh beside Whom there is no god. I have
received your letter in which you have mentioned about Jesus
and by the Lord of heaven and earth, Jesus is not more than
what you say. We fully acknowledge that with which you have
been sent to us and we have entertained your cousin and his
companions. I bear witness that you are the Messenger of
Allâh, true and confirming (those who have gone before you), I
pledge to you through your cousin and surrender myself
through him to the Lord of the worlds."[Za'd Al-Ma'ad 3/61]
7. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
7
The Prophet [pbuh] had asked Negus to send Ja‘far and his
companions, the emigrants to Abyssinia (Ethiopia), back home.
They came back to see the Prophet [pbuh] in Khaibar. Negus later
died in Rajab 9 A.H. shortly after Tabuk Ghazwa. The Prophet
announced his death and observed prayer in absentia for him.
Another king succeeded Negus to the throne and another letter was
sent to him by the Prophet but whether or not he embraced
Islam is still a question not answered yet. [Sahih Muslim 2/99]
8. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
8
2-Letter to the Vicegerent of Egypt, called
Muqawqas
[
The Prophet wrote to Juraij bin Matta [Rahmat-al-lil'alameen
1/178; Dr. Hamidullah said that his name was Binyamin], called
Muqawqas, vicegerent of Egypt and Alexandria saying:
"In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad slave of Allâh and His Messenger to
Muqawqas, vicegerent of Egypt.
Peace be upon him who follows true guidance. Thereafter, I
invite you to accept Islam. Therefore, if you want security,
accept Islam. If you accept Islam, Allâh, the Sublime, shall
9. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
9
reward you doubly. But if you refuse to do so, you will bear the
burden of the transgression of all the Copts.
"Say (O Muhammad : ‘O people of the Scripture (Jews and
Christians), come to a word that is just between us and you,
that we worship none but Allâh, and that we associate no
partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as
lords besides Allâh.’ Then, if they turn away, say: ‘Bear
witness that we are Muslims.’ " [Al-Qur'an 3:64]
Hatib bin Abi Balta‘a, who was chosen to communicate the
message, requested an audience with Muqawqas before imparting
the contents of the letter. He addressed Egypt’s vicegerent saying:
"There used to be someone before you who had arrogated the
status of the Supreme Lord, so Allâh punished him and made an
example of him in the Hereafter, and in this life; therefore, take
warning and never set a bad example to others." Muqawqas
answered: "We are in no position to relinquish our religion except
for a better one." Hatib resumed: "We invite you to embrace Islam,
which will suffice you all what you may lose. Our Prophet has
called people to profess this Faith, Quraish and the Jews stood
against him as bitter enemies, whereas Christians stood closest to
his Call. Upon my life, Moses’s news about Christ is identical to
the latter’s good tidings about the advent of Muhammad; likewise,
this invitation of ours to you to embrace Islam is similar to your
invitation to the people of Torah to accept the New Testament.
10. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
10
Once a Prophet rises in a nation, he is eligible for positive
response, hence you are subject to the same Divine Law. Bear in
mind that we have not come to dissuade you from religion of
Christ but rather bidding you to adhere to its tenets." Muqawqas
meditated over the contents of the letter deeply and said: "I have
come to the conviction that this Prophet bids nothing abominable;
he is neither a straying magician nor a lying soothsayer. He bears
the true manifest seeds of Prophethood, and so I will consider the
affair deeply." He took the parchment and ordered that it be kept in
an ivory casket. He called a scribe to write the following reply in
Arabic:
"In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muqawqas to Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah.
Peace be upon you. I have read your letter and understood its
contents, and what you are calling for. I already know that the
coming of a Prophet is still due, but I used to believe he would
be born in Syria. I am sending you as presents two maids, who
come from noble Coptic families; clothing and a steed for
riding on. Peace be upon you."
It is noteworthy that Muqawqas did not avail himself of this
priceless opportunity and he did not embrace Islam. The presents
were accepted; Maria, the first maid, stayed with the Prophet ,
11. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
11
and gave birth to his son Ibrahîm; the other Sirin, was given to
Hassan bin Thabit Al-Ansari.
3-A Letter to Chosroes, Emperor of Persia
"In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allâh to Chosroes, king of
Persia.
Peace be upon him who follows true guidance, believes in Allâh
and His Messenger and testifies that there is no god but Allâh
Alone with no associate, and that Muhammad is His slave and
Messenger. I invite you to accept the religion of Allâh. I am the
Messenger of Allâh sent to all people in order that I may infuse
fear of Allâh in every living person, and that the charge may be
proved against those who reject the Truth. Accept Islam as
12. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
12
your religion so that you may live in security, otherwise, you
will be responsible for all the sins of the Magians."
‘Abdullah bin Hudhafa As-Sahmi was chosen to carry the letter.
This envoy carried it to the king of Bahrain but we do not know as
yet if the latter despatched to Chosroes by one of his men or chose
‘Abdullah himself.
The proud monarch was enraged by the style of the letter as the
name of the Prophet had been put above his own name. He tore
the letter into shreds and forthwith dictated a command to his
viceroy in Yemen to send a couple of troopers to arrest the Prophet
and bring him to his presence. The governor, Bazan by name,
immediately sent two men to Madinah for the purpose. As soon as
the men reached Madinah, the Prophet was informed by a
Divine Revelation that Pervez, the emperor of Persia, had been
murdered by his son. The Prophet disclosed to them the news
and they were stunned. He added asking them to tell their new
monarch that Islam would prevail everywhere and outstrip the
sovereignty of Chosroes himself. They hurried back to Bazan and
communicated to him what they heard. Meanwhile, Sherweh, the
new monarch sent a letter to Bazan confirming the news and
bidding him to stop any procedures as regards the Prophet till
further notice. Bazan, together with the Persians in Yemen, went
into the folds of Islam, and gladly signified his adhesion to the
Prophet. [Fath Al-Bari 8/127,128]
13. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
13
4-The Envoy to Caesar, King of Rome
Al-Bukhari gave a long narration of the contents of the letter sent
by the Prophet to Hercules, king of the Byzantines:
"In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad, the slave of Allâh and His Messenger to
Hercules, king of the Byzantines.
Blessed are those who follow true guidance. I invite you to
embrace Islam so that you may live in security. If you come
14. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
14
within the fold of Islam, Allâh will give you double reward, but
in case you turn your back upon it, then the burden of the sins
of all your people shall fall on your shoulders.
"Say (O Muhammad [pbuh]): ‘O people of the Scripture (Jews
and Christians), come to a word that is just between us and
you, that we worship none but Allâh, and that we associate no
partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as
lords besides Allâh.’ Then, if they turn away, say: ‘Bear
witness that we are Muslims.’ " [The Noble Qur'an 3:64]
[Sahih Al-Bukhari 1/4,5]
The Muslim envoy, Dihyah bin Khalifah Al-Kalbi, was ordered to
hand the letter over to king of Busra, who would in turn, send it to
Caesar.
Incidentally, Abu Sufyan bin Harb, who by that time had not
embraced Islam, was summoned to the court and Hercules asked
him many questions about Muhammad and the religion which
he preached. The testimony which this avowed enemy of the
Prophet gave regarding the personal excellence of the Prophet’s
character and the good that Islam was doing the human race, left
Hercules wonder-struck.
Al-Bukhâri, on the authority of Ibn Abbas, narrated that Hercules
sent for Abu Sufyan and his companions, who happened to be
15. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
15
trading in Ash-Sham, Jerusalem. That was during the truce that had
been concluded between the polytheists of Quraish and the
Messenger of Allâh [pbuh].
Hercules, seated amongst his chiefs of staff, asked, "Who amongst
you is the nearest relative to the man who claims to be a Prophet?"
"I (Abu Sufyan) replied: ‘I am the nearest relative to him from
amongst the group.’ So they made me sit in front of him and made
my companions sit behind me. Then he called upon his translator
and said (to him). ‘Tell them (i.e. Abu Sufyan’s companions) that I
am going to ask him (i.e. Abu Sufyan) regarding that men who
claims to be a Prophet. So if he tells a lie, they should contradict
him (instantly)’. By Allâh had I not been afraid that my
companions would consider me a liar, I would have told lies", Abu
Sufyan later said.
Abu Sufyan’s testimony went as follows: "Muhammad descends
from a noble family. No one of his family happened to assume
kingship. His followers are those deemed weak with numbers ever
growing. He neither tells lies nor betrays others, we fight him and
he fights us but with alternate victory. He bids people to worship
Allâh Alone with no associate, and abandon our fathers’ beliefs.
He orders us to observe prayer, honesty, abstinence and maintain
strong family ties."
"Hercules, on hearing this testimony, turned to his translator
bidding him to communicate to us his following impression which
reveals full conviction in the truthfulness of Muhammad’s
Prophethood: ‘I fully realize that Prophets come from noble
families; he does not affect any previous example of Prophethood.
16. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
16
Since none of his ancestors was a monarch, we cannot then allege
that he is a man trying to reclaim his father’s monarchy. So long as
he does not tell lies to people, he is for the more reason, immune to
telling lies as regards Allâh. Concerning his followers being those
deemed weak with numbers ever growing, it is something that goes
in agreement with questions of Faith until this latter assumes its
full dimensions geographically and demographically. I have
understood that no instance of apostasy has as yet appeared among
his followers, and this points to the bliss of Faith that finds its
abode in the human heart. Betrayal, as I see, is alien to him because
real Prophets hold betrayal in abhorrence. Bidding worship of
Allâh with no associates, observance of prayer, honesty and
abstinence and prohibition of paganism are traits bound to subject
to him all my possessions. I have already known that a Prophet
must arise but it has never occurred to me that he will be an Arab
from among you. If I was sure I would be faithful to him, I might
hope to meet him, and if I were with him, I would wash his feet.’
Hercules then requested that the Prophet’s letter be read. The
observations of the emperor and finally the definite and clear-cut
exposition of the Islamic message could not but create a tense
atmosphere amongst the clergy present at the court. We were
ordered to go out." Abu Sufyan said, "While coming out, I said to
my companions, ‘The matter of Ibn Abi Kabshah (i.e. Muhammad
) has become so prominent that even the king of Banu Al-Asfar
(i.e. the Romans) is afraid of him.’ So I continued to believe that
Allâh’s Messenger would be victorious, till Allâh made me
embrace Islam." The king did not embrace Islam — for it was
differently ordained. However, the Muslim envoy was returned to
Madinah with the felicitations of the emperor.
17. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
17
5-A Letter to Mundhir bin Sawa, Governor
of Bahrain
The Prophet , despatched ‘Al-‘Ala’ bin Al-Hadrami to the
governor of Bahrain, carrying a letter inviting him to embrace
Islam. In reply, Al-Mundhir bin Sawa wrote the following letter:
"Allâh’s Messenger ! I received your injunctions. Prior to this,
I read your letter, which you wrote to the people of Bahrain
extending to them an invitation to Islam. Islam appealed to some of
them and they entered the fold of Islam, while others did not find it
appealing. In my country, there live Magians and Jews, and
therefore you may inform me of the treatment to be extended to
them."
18. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
18
The Prophet wrote the following letter in reply to his:
"In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Mundhir bin Sawa.
Peace be on you! I praise Allâh with no associate, and I bear
witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.
Thereafter, I remind you of Allâh, the Mighty, the Glorious.
Whoever accepts admonition, does it for his own good.
Whoever follows my messengers and acts in accordance with
their guidance, he, in fact, accepts my advice.
My messengers have highly praised your behaviour. You shall
continue in your present office. Give the new Muslims full
chance to preach their religion. I accept your recommendation
regarding the people of Bahrain, and I pardon the offences of
the offenders; therefore, you may also forgive them.
Of the people of Bahrain whoever wants to go on in their
Jewish or Magian faith, should be made to pay Jizya
(poll-tax)." [Za'd Al-Ma'ad 3/61,62]
19. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
19
6-A Letter to Haudha bin ‘Ali, Governor of
Yamama
"In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Haudha bin ‘Ali.
Peace be upon him who follows true guidance. Be informed
that my religion shall prevail everywhere. You should accept
Islam, and whatever under your command shall remain
yours."
The envoy chosen was Sulait bin ‘Amr Al-‘Amiri, who after
communicating his message, carried back the following reply to
the Prophet , "The Faith, to which you invite me, is very good. I
am a famous orator and poet, the Arabs highly respect me and I am
of account among them. If you include me in your government, I
am prepared to follow you."
The governor then bestowed a reward on Sulait and presented him
with clothes made of Hajr fabric. Of course, he put all those
presents in the trust of the Prophet .
20. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
20
The Prophet did not accept Haudha’s demand. He usually turned
down such peremptory tone, and would say that the whole matter was
in the Hand of Allâh, Who gave His land to whoever He desired.
Gabriel later came with the Revelation that Haudha had died. The
Prophet , in the context of his comment on this news, said:
"Yamama is bound to give rise to a liar who will arrogate Prophethood
to himself but he will subsequently be killed." In reply to a question
relating to the identity of the killer, the Prophet said "It is one of you,
followers of Islam."[Za'd Al-Ma'ad 3/63]
21. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
21
7-A Letter to Harith bin Abi Shamir Al-
Ghassani, King of Damascus
"In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Al-Harith bin Abi
Shamir.
Peace be upon him who follows true guidance, believes in it and
regards it as true. I invite you to believe in Allâh Alone with no
associate, thenceafter your kingdom will remain yours."
Shuja‘ bin Wahab had the honour of taking the letter to Harith, who
upon hearing the letter read in his audience, was madly infuriated and
uttered: "Who dares to disposs me of my country, I’ll fight him (the
Prophet)," and arrogantly rejected the Prophet’s invitation to the fold
of Islam. [Za'd Al-Ma'ad 3/62; Muhadarat Tareekh Al-Umam Al-
Islamiyah 1/146]
22. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
22
8-A Letter to the King of ‘Oman, Jaifer, and his
Brother ‘Abd Al-Jalandi
"In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah to Jaifer and ‘Abd Al-
Jalandi.
Peace be upon him who follows true guidance; thereafter I
invite both of you to the Call of Islam. Embrace Islam. Allâh
has sent me as a Prophet to all His creatures in order that I
may instil fear of Allâh in the hearts of His disobedient
creatures so that there may be left no excuse for those who
deny Allâh. If you two accept Islam, you will remain in
command of your country; but if you refuse my Call, you’ve
got to remember that all your possessions are perishable. My
horsemen will appropriate your land, and my Prophethood will
assume preponderance over your kingship."
23. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
23
‘Amr bin Al-’As, who was chosen to carry the letter, narrated the
following story that happened before he was admitted into the
audience of Jaifer.
"When I arrived in ‘Oman I contacted ‘Abd, who was known to be
more mild-tempered than his brother:
‘Amr: I am the messenger of Allâh’s Prophet coming to see both,
you and your brother.
‘Abd: You have to see my brother and read to him the letter you
are carrying. He is my senior in both age and kingship.
Incidentally, what is the purport of your mission?
‘Amr: The Prophet calls upon you to believe in Allâh Alone with
no associate, discard any other deities and testify to the slavehood
and Messengership of Muhammad.
‘Abd: O ‘Amr! You come from a noble family, but first of all, tell
me what was your father’s attitude concerning this Faith? You
know, we used to follow his steps.
‘Amr: Death overtook him before believing in Muhammad’s
mission; I wish now he had embraced Islam and been truthful to it
before his death. I myself had adopted the same attitude until Allâh
guided me towards Islam.
‘Abd: When did you embrace Islam?
‘Amr: When I was at Negus’s court. By the way, the latter did also
enter into the fold of Islam.
‘Abd: What was his people’s reaction?
‘Amr: They approved of him and followed his steps.
‘Abd: The bishops and monks?
24. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
24
‘Amr: They did the same.
‘Abd: Beware ‘Amr of lying for this soon betrays man.
‘Amr: I never tell lies; moreover, our religion never allows it.
‘Abd: Has Hercules been informed of the Islamization of Negus?
‘Amr: Yes, of course.
‘Abd: How did you happen to know that?
‘Amr: Negus used to pay land tax to Hercules, but when the former
embraced Islam, he swore he would discontinue that tax. When this
news reached Hercules, his courtiers urged him to take action
against Negus but he refused and added that he himself would do
the same if he were not sparing of his kingship.
‘Abd: What does your Prophet exhort you to do?
‘Amr: He exhorts us to obey Allâh, the All-Mighty, the All-
Glorious, be pious and maintain good ties with family kin; he
forbids disobedience, aggression, adultery, wine, idolatry and
devotion to the cross.
‘Abd: Fair words and fair beliefs are those you are calling for. I
wish my brother would follow me to believe in Muhammad and
profess his religion, but my brother is too sparing of his kingship to
become a subordinate.
‘Amr: Should your brother surrender himself to Islam, the Prophet
would give him authority over his people and take alms tax from
the wealthy people to be given to the needy.
‘Abd: That is fair behaviour. But what is this alms tax you have
mentioned?
‘Amr: It is a Divine injunction that alms tax be taken from the
25. The letters of the prophet Muhammad
25
well-to-do people who have surplus wealth and be distributed to
the poor.
‘Abd: I doubt if this can work among our people.
‘Amr stayed for some days to be admitted into Jaifer’s court until
he was finally granted this permit. "He asked me to hand him the
letter to read it. After that he asked me how Quraish reacted and I
answered that they had followed him, some out of their own
freewill and others overpowered by military fighting. Now, people
have chosen Islam in preference to other creeds, and have realized
through their mental insight that they had been straying in
darkness. None, except you, is now out of the domain of Islam, so I
advise you to embrace Islam so that you can provide security to
yourself and your country."
Here, he asked me to call on him the following day. The following
day he showed some reluctance in receiving me but his brother,
‘Abd, interceded and I was given the chance to see him again but
this time to address me in a threatening arrogant tone. However,
after a private talk with his brother and reconsidering the whole
situation, both brothers embraced Islam and proved to be true to
Islam that had begun to make its way into this new area.
The context of this story reveals that this letter was sent at a much
later date than the others, most likely after the conquest of Makkah.
Through these letters, the Prophet managed to communicate his
Message to most monarchs at that time; some believed, while
others remained obdurate and persisted in their disbelief. However,
the idea of embracing Islam, and the advent of a new Prophet
preoccupied all of them.