UDC 72.036 (574)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV. – The Thematic brochures series: STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE. – Almaty, 2017. – 53 p.
It is the third of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 251 images of 193 buildings, constructed in the Twentieth century beginning. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
It is the first of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 102 images of 86 buildings, constructed in Ancient and Medieval times. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
The Kazakhstan's architecture of this Century is a peculiar phenomenon. The trend of active involvement in the World architectural process for Kazakhstan architecture emerged in the last quarter of the 20th century. Now the Kazakhstan architecture – an integral part of this process.
Many foreign architects involved in the design of objects on the Kazakhstan territory; Kazakhstan's architects work in different countries. This promotes deep interpenetration of creative concepts.
This formed the phenomenon of Kazakh architecture of the 21st century. It is organically connected to the cultural and historical identity of the Region and global processes of creative interpretation of forms, which are characteristic of World architectural process in general.
To illustrate this interesting phenomenon allocated 144 (72 + 72) typical examples of 2000-2015's buildings.
Examples are distributed in chronological order of the construct completion.
Images sources are indicated directly near with illustrations on each page.
Architects and companies listed on the basis of aggregate data from different sources (for some objects from various sources indicate different authors). About some buildings listed authors in the available sources has not yet been found.
The Author expresses his gratitude to Internet resources – https://www.google.com ; https://www.wikipedia.org – which to provide the ability to collect an information.
This Album generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The Modern architecture (21st century)".
The front cover:
The Acqualina Sunny Isles Condos., Sunny Isles, Florida, USA, 2006 (Arch. Robert M.Swedroe – Robert M.Swedroe Architects & Planners) – Photo by K.I.Samoilov, 2014.
The Six-storey house, Europolis complex, Kazakhstan, 2008 (Arch. Konstantin I.Samoilov – BC Europolis) – Photo by K.I.Samoilov, 2015.
It is the second of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 213 images of 179 buildings, constructed in the Nineteenth century. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
It is the first of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 102 images of 86 buildings, constructed in Ancient and Medieval times. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
The Kazakhstan's architecture of this Century is a peculiar phenomenon. The trend of active involvement in the World architectural process for Kazakhstan architecture emerged in the last quarter of the 20th century. Now the Kazakhstan architecture – an integral part of this process.
Many foreign architects involved in the design of objects on the Kazakhstan territory; Kazakhstan's architects work in different countries. This promotes deep interpenetration of creative concepts.
This formed the phenomenon of Kazakh architecture of the 21st century. It is organically connected to the cultural and historical identity of the Region and global processes of creative interpretation of forms, which are characteristic of World architectural process in general.
To illustrate this interesting phenomenon allocated 144 (72 + 72) typical examples of 2000-2015's buildings.
Examples are distributed in chronological order of the construct completion.
Images sources are indicated directly near with illustrations on each page.
Architects and companies listed on the basis of aggregate data from different sources (for some objects from various sources indicate different authors). About some buildings listed authors in the available sources has not yet been found.
The Author expresses his gratitude to Internet resources – https://www.google.com ; https://www.wikipedia.org – which to provide the ability to collect an information.
This Album generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The Modern architecture (21st century)".
The front cover:
The Acqualina Sunny Isles Condos., Sunny Isles, Florida, USA, 2006 (Arch. Robert M.Swedroe – Robert M.Swedroe Architects & Planners) – Photo by K.I.Samoilov, 2014.
The Six-storey house, Europolis complex, Kazakhstan, 2008 (Arch. Konstantin I.Samoilov – BC Europolis) – Photo by K.I.Samoilov, 2015.
It is the second of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 213 images of 179 buildings, constructed in the Nineteenth century. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
Terms and definitions
THE INTRODUCTION
Part 1. HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN
AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE SPREAD OF ORNAMENTAL COMPOSITIONS
IN THE URBAN ARCHITECTURE OF THE XX CENTURY
1.1 Historiographical aspects of the Kazakh architectural ornament Evolution
1.2 An Ornament in the Medieval and the XIX century Architecture as a source of motifs and themes for the Urban architecture of the XX century the ornamentation
1.3 The Yurt ornamentation, an ornament for clothes, utensils and household items as a source of motifs and themes for the Urban architecture of the XX century ornamentation
Part 2. AN ORNAMENT IN THE LATE XIX – THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURIES
URBAN ARCHITECTURE
2.1 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1880’s-1920’s
2.2 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1930’s-1940’s
2.3 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1950’s
Part 3. AN ORNAMENT IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX – EARLY XXI CENTURIES
URBAN ARCHITECTURE
3.1 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1960’s
3.2 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1970’s-1980’s
3.3 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1990’s-2010’s
CONCLUSIONS
The Main Reading
It is a development in POST-MODERNISM that started in late 1980s.
It views architecture in bits and pieces.
It has no visual logic.
Buildings may appear to be made of abstract forms.
The idea was to develop buildings which show how differently from traditional architectural conventions buildings can be built without loosing their utility and still complying with the fundamental laws of physics.
The ideas were borrowed from the French philosopher, Jacques Derrida.
Architects involved –
Zaha Hadid
Bernhard Tschumi
Rem Koolhaas
The term ‘Critical Regionalism’ was first coined by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre and later more famously and pretentiously by Kenneth Frampton in “Towards a Critical Regionalism : Six points of an architecture of resistance”
According to Frampton, critical regionalism should adopt modern architecture critically for its universal progressive qualities but at the same time should value responses particular to the context. Emphasis should be on topography, climate, light, tectonic form rather than scenography and the tactile sense rather than the visual.
According to Tzonis and Lefaivre, critical regionalism need not directly draw from the context, rather elements can be stripped of their context and used in strange rather than familiar ways.
Critical regionalism is different from Regionalism which tries to achieve a one-to-one correspondence with vernacular architecture in a conscious way without consciously partaking in the universal.
It is considered a particular form of post-modern response in developing countries, not to be confused with postmodernism as architectural style.
“The concept of Unity in multiplicity is the determining factor in integrating Islamic societies. Historically the revelation of Islam as expressed by the prophet Mohammed (P.B.U.H)and the Holy Koran brought together the most diverse cultures and peoples from Spain across to India and beyond.
The architecture of the Islamic world throughout history adapted and responded to different cultures and existing traditions of buildings without weakening the spiritual essence which was its source of inspiration.
Urban centers in Islamic cities evolved over long periods of time with generations of craftsmen whose sensitivity and experience added variety and a diversity of styles to the environment. The traditional Islamic city reflected a unity which related the architecture of the mosque, the madrassa , the souq, palace and the home as a sequence of spaces… The identity of the city lay in the relationship of its elements.
Start of interior design in human history.pptxMEGHANA S
Interior architecture is the practice of sensitively and innovatively redesigning an existing interior space, while respecting its historical value. As well as considering aesthetic design, interior architecture focuses on the functionality and material construction of interior spaces. It addresses structural elements like window and door placements, ventilation, heating and plumbing, as well as interior decoration.
The Kazakhstan's architecture of this Century is a peculiar phenomenon. The trend of active involvement in the World architectural process for Kazakhstan architecture emerged in the last quarter of the 20th century. Now the Kazakhstan architecture – an integral part of this process.
Many foreign architects involved in the design of objects on the Kazakhstan territory; Kazakhstan's architects work in different countries. This promotes deep interpenetration of creative concepts.
This formed the phenomenon of Kazakh architecture of the 21st century. It is organically connected to the cultural and historical identity of the Region and global processes of creative interpretation of forms, which are characteristic of World architectural process in general.
TRENDS OF FORMS EVOLUTION: The Neo-EXPRESSIONISM (The Romanticism version and The Deconstructivism version); The Neo-SYMBOLISM (The Signedness version and The Synthetical version); The Neo-CLASSICISM (The Strict version and The Simplistic version).
To illustrate this interesting phenomenon allocated 72 typical examples of buildings. Examples are distributed in chronological order of the construct completion. Images sources are indicated directly near with illustrations on each page.
Architects and companies listed on the basis of aggregate data from different sources (for some objects from various sources indicate different authors). About some buildings listed authors in the available sources has not yet been found.
The Author expresses his gratitude to Internet resources – https://www.google.com ; https://www.wikipedia.org – which to provide the ability to collect an information.
This Album generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The Modern architecture (21st century)".
The front cover:
The Office Building «K-CELL» – reconstruction, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2013 – Photo by K.I.Samoilov, 2013.
The Four-storey house, Europolis complex, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2005 (Arch. Konstantin I.Samoilov – Urbostyle, BC Europolis) – Photo by K.I.Samoilov, 2015.
The aim of the studyis to identify and structure the characteristic features of the formation of a kind of "corporate identity" of individual design and construction groups as features of the current stage of development of domestic architecture. As an example, selected: «Skidmore, Owings & Merrill» (the United States of America), «MVRDV» (the Netherlands), «Basis-A» (the Kazakhstan) and «Europolis» (the Kazakhstan).
Keywords:architectural style, corporate identity, international style, neo-Palladianism, historicism, romanticism.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
The Competitive designing is a specific area of the creativity.
It differs from a strictly regulated design process for subsequent implementation.
The specificity of the tasks is combined with extensive interpretation possibilities.
Short deadlines exclude detailing all parts of the project.
The main thing is the formulation of an interesting concept and the demonstration of its main parameters by a complex of interconnected images. An important aspect is the uniformity of the image style.
An Achievement of the parameters specified in the competition task must be confirmed by appropriate calculations.
The implementation of these tasks is shown by the example of the authors' participation in the International Two-Stage Student Competition "Multicomfort from Saint-Gobain 2019. The Development and the restoration of the Crescenzago microdistrict territory, Milan, Italy".
The Project carried out by authors was awarded the “Unique Project” diploma at the First stage of the Competition.
This allows you to show stages of its implementation as an example of the implementation of methods of competitive design at the level of a student work.
More Related Content
Similar to The Kazakhstan's architecture of the beginning of the twentieth century (Form summation)
Terms and definitions
THE INTRODUCTION
Part 1. HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN
AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE SPREAD OF ORNAMENTAL COMPOSITIONS
IN THE URBAN ARCHITECTURE OF THE XX CENTURY
1.1 Historiographical aspects of the Kazakh architectural ornament Evolution
1.2 An Ornament in the Medieval and the XIX century Architecture as a source of motifs and themes for the Urban architecture of the XX century the ornamentation
1.3 The Yurt ornamentation, an ornament for clothes, utensils and household items as a source of motifs and themes for the Urban architecture of the XX century ornamentation
Part 2. AN ORNAMENT IN THE LATE XIX – THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURIES
URBAN ARCHITECTURE
2.1 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1880’s-1920’s
2.2 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1930’s-1940’s
2.3 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1950’s
Part 3. AN ORNAMENT IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX – EARLY XXI CENTURIES
URBAN ARCHITECTURE
3.1 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1960’s
3.2 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1970’s-1980’s
3.3 An Ornament in the Urban Architecture of 1990’s-2010’s
CONCLUSIONS
The Main Reading
It is a development in POST-MODERNISM that started in late 1980s.
It views architecture in bits and pieces.
It has no visual logic.
Buildings may appear to be made of abstract forms.
The idea was to develop buildings which show how differently from traditional architectural conventions buildings can be built without loosing their utility and still complying with the fundamental laws of physics.
The ideas were borrowed from the French philosopher, Jacques Derrida.
Architects involved –
Zaha Hadid
Bernhard Tschumi
Rem Koolhaas
The term ‘Critical Regionalism’ was first coined by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre and later more famously and pretentiously by Kenneth Frampton in “Towards a Critical Regionalism : Six points of an architecture of resistance”
According to Frampton, critical regionalism should adopt modern architecture critically for its universal progressive qualities but at the same time should value responses particular to the context. Emphasis should be on topography, climate, light, tectonic form rather than scenography and the tactile sense rather than the visual.
According to Tzonis and Lefaivre, critical regionalism need not directly draw from the context, rather elements can be stripped of their context and used in strange rather than familiar ways.
Critical regionalism is different from Regionalism which tries to achieve a one-to-one correspondence with vernacular architecture in a conscious way without consciously partaking in the universal.
It is considered a particular form of post-modern response in developing countries, not to be confused with postmodernism as architectural style.
“The concept of Unity in multiplicity is the determining factor in integrating Islamic societies. Historically the revelation of Islam as expressed by the prophet Mohammed (P.B.U.H)and the Holy Koran brought together the most diverse cultures and peoples from Spain across to India and beyond.
The architecture of the Islamic world throughout history adapted and responded to different cultures and existing traditions of buildings without weakening the spiritual essence which was its source of inspiration.
Urban centers in Islamic cities evolved over long periods of time with generations of craftsmen whose sensitivity and experience added variety and a diversity of styles to the environment. The traditional Islamic city reflected a unity which related the architecture of the mosque, the madrassa , the souq, palace and the home as a sequence of spaces… The identity of the city lay in the relationship of its elements.
Start of interior design in human history.pptxMEGHANA S
Interior architecture is the practice of sensitively and innovatively redesigning an existing interior space, while respecting its historical value. As well as considering aesthetic design, interior architecture focuses on the functionality and material construction of interior spaces. It addresses structural elements like window and door placements, ventilation, heating and plumbing, as well as interior decoration.
The Kazakhstan's architecture of this Century is a peculiar phenomenon. The trend of active involvement in the World architectural process for Kazakhstan architecture emerged in the last quarter of the 20th century. Now the Kazakhstan architecture – an integral part of this process.
Many foreign architects involved in the design of objects on the Kazakhstan territory; Kazakhstan's architects work in different countries. This promotes deep interpenetration of creative concepts.
This formed the phenomenon of Kazakh architecture of the 21st century. It is organically connected to the cultural and historical identity of the Region and global processes of creative interpretation of forms, which are characteristic of World architectural process in general.
TRENDS OF FORMS EVOLUTION: The Neo-EXPRESSIONISM (The Romanticism version and The Deconstructivism version); The Neo-SYMBOLISM (The Signedness version and The Synthetical version); The Neo-CLASSICISM (The Strict version and The Simplistic version).
To illustrate this interesting phenomenon allocated 72 typical examples of buildings. Examples are distributed in chronological order of the construct completion. Images sources are indicated directly near with illustrations on each page.
Architects and companies listed on the basis of aggregate data from different sources (for some objects from various sources indicate different authors). About some buildings listed authors in the available sources has not yet been found.
The Author expresses his gratitude to Internet resources – https://www.google.com ; https://www.wikipedia.org – which to provide the ability to collect an information.
This Album generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The Modern architecture (21st century)".
The front cover:
The Office Building «K-CELL» – reconstruction, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2013 – Photo by K.I.Samoilov, 2013.
The Four-storey house, Europolis complex, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2005 (Arch. Konstantin I.Samoilov – Urbostyle, BC Europolis) – Photo by K.I.Samoilov, 2015.
The aim of the studyis to identify and structure the characteristic features of the formation of a kind of "corporate identity" of individual design and construction groups as features of the current stage of development of domestic architecture. As an example, selected: «Skidmore, Owings & Merrill» (the United States of America), «MVRDV» (the Netherlands), «Basis-A» (the Kazakhstan) and «Europolis» (the Kazakhstan).
Keywords:architectural style, corporate identity, international style, neo-Palladianism, historicism, romanticism.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
The Competitive designing is a specific area of the creativity.
It differs from a strictly regulated design process for subsequent implementation.
The specificity of the tasks is combined with extensive interpretation possibilities.
Short deadlines exclude detailing all parts of the project.
The main thing is the formulation of an interesting concept and the demonstration of its main parameters by a complex of interconnected images. An important aspect is the uniformity of the image style.
An Achievement of the parameters specified in the competition task must be confirmed by appropriate calculations.
The implementation of these tasks is shown by the example of the authors' participation in the International Two-Stage Student Competition "Multicomfort from Saint-Gobain 2019. The Development and the restoration of the Crescenzago microdistrict territory, Milan, Italy".
The Project carried out by authors was awarded the “Unique Project” diploma at the First stage of the Competition.
This allows you to show stages of its implementation as an example of the implementation of methods of competitive design at the level of a student work.
The purpose of the study: Identify the characteristics of the development process ornamented architectural and artistic forms in architecture Kazakhstan late XIX - early XXI century for the Almaty architecture example. Scientific- theoretical and practical importance of: Based on research performed by authorы developed the theoretical position , the totality of which solves a significant and important in socio- cultural terms, the scientific problem of identifying trends in the architecture of ornamental compositions of Kazakhstan with the last decades of the XIX century to the beginning of the second decade of the XXI century; For the first time grouped by type of ornamentation various parts of facades that make up the totality ornamented architectural and artistic forms of different periods of the late XIX - early XXI centuries; The first time a sort of “degree of saturation” ornamented facade elements, depending on the overall architecture style orientation of a given period; For the first time can be traced for over a century stages of evolution of the main directions of development of ornamented architecture and art forms in the Almaty architecture; Examines the important aspects of the interaction architecture and art forms with different interpreted ornamental motifs, allowing, going to a new level, to a certain extent predict the future development trend of ornamented architecture and art forms; Number of buildings is first examined from the standpoint of examples of ornamented architecture and art forms of different periods of the evolution of the Almaty architecture. For architects, art-critics and historians.
The Kazakhstan's architecture of this Century is a peculiar phenomenon. The trend of active involvement in the World architectural process for Kazakhstan architecture emerged in the last quarter of the 20th century. Now the Kazakhstan architecture – an integral part of this process. Many foreign architects involved in the design of objects on the Kazakhstan territory; Kazakhstan's architects work in different countries. This promotes deep interpenetration of creative concepts. This formed the phenomenon of Kazakh architecture of the 21st century. It is organically connected to the cultural and historical identity of the Region and global processes of creative interpretation of forms, which are characteristic of World architectural process in general. This Album is a continuation of the Theme “THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE OF THE 21st CENTURY IN THE WORLD ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT”. To illustrate this interesting phenomenon allocated 115 (39 + 76) typical examples of buildings. Images sources are indicated directly near with illustrations on each page. Architects and companies listed on the basis of aggregate data from different sources (for some objects from various sources indicate different authors). About some buildings listed authors in the available sources has not yet been found. This Album generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The Modern architecture (21st century)".
This series of albums generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The General History of Architecture": 2 credits / 30 hours of lectures. Until the mid-19th century, examples are grouped by region. In this period, the phenomenon of a single world architectural process begins to manifest itself. Since the last third of the 19th century, examples have been grouped by decades. Purpose of the 10th Lecture: To study the basic features of the Medieval Central Asian architecture. Tasks of the 10th Lecture: To consider characteristic examples of specifically organized spaces and buildings; To accentuate the features of construction depending on the availability of building materials; To emphasize the difference between cult and dwelling buildings. Examples for the 10th Lecture: The Ancient and Medieval Central Azia: the Map; The Great Stupa, Sanchi Town, Madhya Pradesh, India, 3rd - 2nd century BC; The Karla Caves temple complex, Karli / Karla, Maharashtra, 1st-century BC; The Ismail Samani's mausoleum, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, 907 or 943; The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple / the Great God of the Cave, Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India, 1030; The Qutb Minar, Delhi, India, 1368; The Registan square, Samarkand, Uzbekistan: Ulugh Beg's Madrasah (1420), the Tilya-Kori Madrasah (1660), the Sher-Dor Madrasah (1636, arch. Abdul-Jabbar); The Taj Mahal mausoleum, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, 1653 (Arch. Ustad Ahmad Lahauri); The Imam Square / Shah Square, Isfahan city, Iran: the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque (1619, arch. Ustad Mohammad Reza Isfahani), the Shah Mosque (1629, arch. Shaykh-i Baha-i); The Mohammed Adil Shah's mausoleum / "Gol Gumbaz", Bijapur, India, 1656 (Arch. Yaqut of Dabul)
This series of albums generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The General History of Architecture": 2 credits / 30 hours of lectures. Until the mid-19th century, examples are grouped by region. In this period, the phenomenon of a single world architectural process begins to manifest itself. Since the last third of the 19th century, examples have been grouped by decades. Purpose of the 6th Lecture: To study the basic features of the Roman Architecture in the Ancient period.
Tasks of the 6th Lecture: To consider characteristic examples of specifically organized spaces and buildings; To accentuate the features of construction depending on the availability of building materials; To emphasize the difference between cult and dwelling buildings.
This series of albums generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The General History of Architecture": 2 credits / 30 hours of lectures. Until the mid-19th century, examples are grouped by region. In this period, the phenomenon of a single world architectural process begins to manifest itself. Since the last third of the 19th century, examples have been grouped by decades. Purpose of the 5th Lecture:
To study the basic features of the Greek Architecture in the Ancient period. Tasks of the 5th Lecture:To consider characteristic examples of specifically organized spaces and buildings; To accentuate the features of construction depending on the availability of building materials; To emphasize the difference between cult and dwelling buildings.
This series of albums generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The General History of Architecture": 2 credits / 30 hours of lectures.
Until the mid-19th century, examples are grouped by region. In this period, the phenomenon of a single world architectural process begins to manifest itself. Since the last third of the 19th century, examples have been grouped by decades.
Purpose of the 4th Lecture:
To study the basic features of the Mesopotamian Architecture in the Ancient period.
Tasks of the 4th Lecture:
- To consider characteristic examples of specifically organized spaces and buildings;
- To accentuate the features of construction depending on the availability of building materials;
- To emphasize the difference between cult and dwelling buildings.
This series of albums generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The General History of Architecture": 2 credits / 30 hours of lectures. Until the mid-19th century, examples are grouped by region. In this period, the phenomenon of a single world architectural process begins to manifest itself. Since the last third of the 19th century, examples have been grouped by decades.
Purpose of the 1st Lecture:To study the history of understanding the phenomenon of architecture.
Tasks of the 1st Lecture: Consider characteristic examples of studies of different periods;Consider the features of changing the evaluation of the development of architecture in different periods;To consider the specifics of the problems' accents in the studies of various authors.
Architectural history books totality of the late 19th - early 20th century. Architectural history books totality of the mid-20th century. Architectural history books totality of the late 20th - early 21st century.
The main number of geoglyphs in the Kostanay region of the Kazakhstan were opened in 2007. Objects are located in 370 km to the west of the capital of the Kazakhstan. Objects have different shapes and sizes. Kazakhstan geoglyphs are different from most of the world famous geoglyphs. Firstly, different an execution technique: hills groups in the Kazakhstan, trenches in the UK and the Peru, stone laying in the Russia; Secondly, themes of forms: World’s famous geoglyphs have zoomorphic and anthropomorphic forms, Kazakhstan’s geoglyphs have abstract geometric forms; Thirdly, about functionality: the world famous geoglyphs - they are signs, Kazakhstan geoglyphs - they are buildings; Fourthly, sizes: Kazakhstan geoglyphs are somewhat larger. Calculation of excavation shows the fundamental possibility of the implementation figures in one season. Currently there are (supposedly) oldest architectural monuments on the Kazakhstan’s territory. Data for the Album prepared by the researcher group of the Architectural Department of the Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering. This Album generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The Ancient architecture of the Kazakhstan" and a base for further researches.
Geoglyphs in the Kostanay region were opened in 2007 by Dmitriy Dey. Currently it is (supposedly) the oldest architectural monuments on the territory of Kazakhstan. Objects have different shapes and sizes. The greatest attention is attracted to the five objects: the “Turgay triradial fylfot” Hill and other hills Complex near Urpek village (50°06'09.82"N, 65°21'40.90"E) - Overall dimensions: 95m x 95m; the “Ushtogay's Square” hills complex (50°49'58.48"N, 65°19'34.70"E) - Overall dimensions: 387m x 394m; the “Ashtasti's Large cross” hills complex (50°13'39.62"N, 66°17'31.15"E) - Overall dimensions: 431m x 386m; the “Ekedyn's cross” hills complex (49°30'44.68"N, 65°51'44.09"E) - Overall dimensions: 249m x 229m; the “Kogai’s cross” hills complex (50°22'31.96"N, 65°27'43.98"E) - Overall dimensions: 280m x 212m. The Graphical representation of these objects allows to analyze the geometry and the orientation. The most famous Kazakh geoglyphs have interesting geometric features.
The needs of users, refracted through the personal perception of the world, form a set of individual or mass preferences. These preferences are largely chaotic temporal variability, reflecting the process of adaptation of certain manifested spontaneously or purposefully formed trend. For the study, three of the gadget have been chosen, with more than a century (HEADPHONES that appeared in the late XIX century), half a century (COMPUTER MOUSE, which appeared at the beginning of the second half of the XX century) and half a decade (USB Flash Drive, which appeared at the beginning of the XXI century) history improving the shaping, reflecting the uniqueness of consumer preferences and author's interpretations. The subject of study is the external form of these gadgets. It is regarded as examples of the upswing form formed from the standpoint of a utilitarian, tuning and styling approaches.
Almaty architecture of the past decade (2005-2015) originally reflected the process of self-determination of the Kazakh architecture in general. The aggressive Polystylizm of the century turn crystallized two trends: the Rationalism with large forms, on the basis of Deconstructivist compositions and the Mannerism with small shapes on the basis of classical-style compositions. Rare examples demonstrate the synthesis of trends: the classical solution with Orders completed asymmetric break forms or dissonance among the chaos of blocks supplemented by strict classical colonnade. Examples of the natural Utilitarianism (ordinary mass buildings) and the conceptual Primitivism or Minimalism (exclusive buildings) completed this strange Architectural picture. Gone the Contextualism, which take into account compositional and stylistic features of the surrounding buildings. Each new object is conceptually opposed to figurative context. To illustrate this interesting phenomenon allocated 186 typical examples of buildings. Examples are distributed in chronological order of the construct completion. Images sources listed in the special part of the Album. Architects and companies listed on the basis of aggregate data from different sources (for some objects from various sources indicate different authors). About some buildings listed authors in the available sources has not yet been found. This Album generated for information purposes of the Educational course "The Modern architecture (21st century)".
The Lawn-and-park ensemble "Promenade" is projected on a plot which located on the Zh.Omarva Street in the Medeu district of Almaty, Kazakhstan. The Northern boundary of the site is adjacent to the ending bus stop and cars parking for the "Koktobe moutain" complex. On the South side it is adjacent to the "Europolis" complex. The site stretches from north to south. The Eastern boundary of the site is fixed local travel, Western boundary of the site – plots for individual residential building development. The Art concept (the wish of the Customer) – an Ethnographic park (a Kazakh traditions theme) with a garden ensemble. On the basis of the interpretation of the traditional forms of Nomadic and Settled cultures synthesis shaped image of buildings, constructions, small architectural forms and elements of improvement.
Key points: the Main Entrance (the area at the City wall Gate), the Oriental Bazaar (pavilions, tents, trays, shelves, carts), the Aul – nomadic settlement (yurts), Workshops of craftsmen (a blacksmith, a carpenter, a tinsmith, a shoemaker, a tailor, a jeweler), Pavilions and yurts of the Kazakh national kitchen, the Amphitheatre, the Area for traditional Kazakh national games and attractions, the Khan headquarter (tents), the Ritual space, the Fortress. The Special space – "The Gourmet's Avenue" – a set of themed restaurants, cafes, bars, pubs, eateries, coffee shops. Architectural and artistic design of two dozen blocked modular pavilions demonstrates the cultural diversity of different nations and ethnic groups. The bases of images are stereotypes of the Mass culture, which ensures a simple recognition of the Theme. Alternating of restaurants have a casual character, reflecting the ethnic conglomerate of modern Society. The Album includes of 79 illustrations: 3 photos and 76 drawings.
The “Europolis” residential complex Art concept (the wish of the Customer) – the Classicism on the Strong version (the faithful reproduction of Greece and Rome Ancient forms: the Erechtheion – Acropolis of Athens; the Tower of Winds – Athens, the Pantheon – Rome; etc.).
Author's interpretation of the customer requirements – a fantasy in the Palladian manner. Ascending to the creativity of Andrea Palladio approach associated with the identity of all the facades of buildings, found through reflection in the architectural composition of residential houses, Restaurant, Office building, the Portico of the Main entrance, attendants pavilions). A characteristic feature of the architectural solution of façades is the use of the same elements that provide a visual unity of different size buildings.
Compositions exhibit various combinations of the Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Composite, Tuscan and Palm-deciduous orders. The basis of facades composite solutions - the Colossal version of an Ionic colonnade. Despite the difficult terrain with significant height differences in the linear composition, visual alignment of four-story buildings facades achieved as result of sizes uniformity of Ionic order Colonnade. Differences of landscape positions offset by different height of entablatures and pedestals, as well arcades and pilasters, which forming of first floors.
The Artistic innovation – one-volute twin capitals of the columns at blocks junction (four-storey houses). Facade decorations of identical buildings have differences in nuances. It provides a variety of views. Multi-storey buildings crowned by Belvedere domed pavilions, provides excellent panoramic views of the foothills and the city stretching from the foot of the Trans-Ili Alatau.
Four-storey buildings with mansards – reinforced concrete (walls, floors – 4 floors), steel (frames, claddings – mansard). Six-storey buildings with the mansard, a multi-level parking – steel (frames), reinforced concrete (floors, walls), foam block (walls). Residential buildings include two-, three-, four-, five-room apartments and penthouses.
The Residential complex is in an isolated area (a feature of the landscape). The developed system of services and infrastructure. Autonomous systems of engineering support. Useful road connections to the City center. Prospects of development – apartment buildings, a complex of world cuisine restaurants, an ethnographic park, garden-park ensemble, the entertainment and shopping Center.
This is the first example of Neoclassical forms massive use in the Kazakhstan's architecture of the 21st century (now – a popular stylistic direction in Kazakhstan's architecture).
The Album includes of 134 illustrations: 92 photos and 42 drawings.
The Stylistic decision to art-works of the European garden-park architecture is traditionally based on two trends: the Classicism and the Baroque. The Classicism is typical for buildings located in open areas that provide panoramic views. This corresponds to the strict symmetry of the composition and the large molds and details. As Classicism options for sites without panoramic views is characteristic the Romanticism. This trend is mainly based on the "Aesthetics of ruins". Imitation dilapidated, overgrown trees and shrubs of antique buildings gives to the space a property of the "Historical depth". For buildings and structures located on the grounds among the densely growing trees, adequate stylistic solution is the Baroque. Lack of panoramic views allows the use of asymmetrical composition. Small Plastic of architectural and sculptural details is in harmony with foliage and tree branches. The interpretation of this style – neo-Baroque – used for an architectural-artistic design of the "Amure" Triumph Palace in the Almaty city. 63 images show the Build Complex and themes of architectural-spatial and artistic solutions.
For the first time analyzed the process of development and peculiarity of architectural-artistic forms in the Kazakhstan architecture of the 20-century. Concentrate of the attention on various lines of this development. Regarded in that light consider series ancient and medieval architectural works, architecture of the 19-certury and of the first years of the 21-century.
The most valuable illustrations displaying about 2700 architectural works and vast bibliographical list make the monograph a unique encyclopedic edition.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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The Kazakhstan's architecture of the beginning of the twentieth century (Form summation)
1. *****
THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE
of the Beginning of the Twentieth century
(THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV
STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE
the Series of thematic brochures
Almaty, 2017
***
2. UDC 72.036 (574)
THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century
(THE FORMS SUMMATION) / Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV. – The
Thematic brochures series: STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE. –
Almaty, 2017. – 53 p.
It is the third of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" –
on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY
(Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 251 images of 193 buildings,
constructed in the Twentieth century beginning. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style
classification.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
Keywords:
History of the Architecture, Architecture of the Twentieth century, Architectural styles, Kazakhstan
The front cover:
The “Iskhak Gabdulvaliev & Sons” Shop, Zhibek Zholy Ave., Almaty (1911, arch. A.Zenkov) – images source: Samoilov,
K.I. 2004, ‘ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)’. =
Самойлов, К.И. АРХИТЕКТУРА КАЗАХСТАНА ХХ ВЕКА (Развитие архитектурно-художественных форм). – Москва-
Алматы: Издательство «М-АРи»дизайн, 2004.
C Samoilov K.I., 2017
3. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
3
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ………………. 6
Set of objects on figures ……………………………………………………………………………………… 43
BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 49
Briefly about the Author ………………………………………………………………………………………… 52
4. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
4
INTRODUCTION
Architecture of Kazakhstan is represented by specific phenomenon. The republic is situated in the
center of Euro-Asian continent and its territory and poli-ethnic population was multiply involved in major
political and economic cataclysms within centuries-old history, alternating by periods of relatively even
development. It was naturally reflected on the environment formation. Moreover, every time this process
was corrected considering different levels stability of natural-climate and engineering-geological conditions
of different areas, availability of local and delivered construction materials, production resources
development levels, economics specifics, morals and manner of people, period of residence in the present
area and administrative-territorial divisions formed and dissolved public authorities.
Large territory of Kazakhstan comprises parts of number of natural-climate regions with multi-national
population living in different level of compactness, including local people and migrants issues who were
resettled different period on these lands. Since antiquity and in Middle Ages poli-atnic culture assimilation
was developed due to natural and climate factors, controlled corresponding types of management, morals
and manners and architectural forms. Politically stimulated process of traditional forms of management
liquidation accompanied by numerous waves of inter and ex-territorial migration defined cultural – sub-
regional collusion of the second half of XIX century and basic part of XX century. Originality of the process
was enforced by ethnic and general social – political interpretation of cultural interaction, created potential
of particular leveling and blurring of cultural – sub-regional borders.
Architectural-cultural forms depending on factors are used in different compositions with each others.
Their variety considering not only peculiarity of separate components but also new inter-forming deference,
comprises collection, which can be structured by any way with definite level of conditional character.
Grouping of architectural-artistic forms, which existed different periods of architecture development in
Kazakhstan are dominated in plastic construction of theme forms deferential variety, which allows to review
evolution of its continents.
This Brochure is part of the Thematic brochures series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s
Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE
20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)” [18]:
- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Ancientry and the Middle Ages (THE FORMS
SUMMATION) [26];
- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Nineteenth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
[27];
- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century
(THE FORMS SUMMATION);
- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of 1920’s – the First half of 1930’s (THE FORMS
SUMMATION);
- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Second half of 1930’s – the Beginning of 1940’s
(THE FORMS SUMMATION);
- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Mid-1940's – the Mid-1950's (THE FORMS
SUMMATION);
- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Ending of 1950's – 1960's (THE FORMS
SUMMATION);
- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of 1970's – 1980's (THE FORMS SUMMATION);
- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of 1990's (THE FORMS SUMMATION);
- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Early of the Twenty First century (THE FORMS
SUMMATION);
- THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE from the Ancientry to the Twenty First century Early (THE
FORMS EVOLUTION).
The Brochure includes 251 images of 193 buildings, constructed in the early XX century (37 figures: 1
map, 251 photos, 3 tables of the Forms Summation with 82 images). The set of objects is structured as an
aspect of forms style classification.
5. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
5
Figure 1. THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE KAZAKHSTAN
1. The map of the Asia, 1914 (the fragment) [1]
6. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
6
ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Architectural forms of the early XX century in general form the following rows. Kazakh Yurta was
developed from architectural forms elaborated by middle of XIX century and being used within the period.
Forms similar to “Russian Style” – wooden carved many-tiered eaves, pediments, platbands,
pediments, shutters, columns and fences are used with ordinary and figured walls joints. Roofs are used of
double and four ramp and in some times hip-roofs and carinate roofs. There are entails used in
combination with plastered smooth and rusticated walls where pilasters and scoops are used including
multi-formed panels and drawbars, double and three placed girths, developed platbands and settings.
Different pitched roofs have smooth and scaly surface, domes are carried out in ordinary and ribbed, lancet
and bulbous forms. It is widely use of figured spires on fine-detailed basis in the corner or on the ridge of
the roofs.
Modelling details in combination with plastered walls include simple and figured plates, complicated
profiled and simple platbands with pediments, triangular and carinate pediments. Pilasters and scoops
have many-tired articulation, their face surface have flutes. Window sills are joined by double or three-
placed girths.
Some open type structures from ordinary and adobe bricks have girths from figured works and
sometimes accented eaves and embrasures setting. In sub regions there are isolated construction of the
same type from large limestone – coquina blocks. Active plastics formed by profile complicated smooth and
fluted pilasters, girths, settings, single and figured friezes is accompanied by color-relieved designs,
particular or completely covered these elements. In separate cases there are figured cover of pilasters and
friezes. Peculiarity of these plastics in some structures on the basis of association resulted in formation of
such definitions as “bargee” or “modern”.
Adobe bricks structures with domes, cone and sphero-conic and semi-ellipsoid forms basically
have no accented eaves, scoops and setting on basis. Bays and embrasures are carried out from ordinary
brick and have semi-spherical and lancet forms of the roofs without bowl. Walls plastics is developed on the
basis of combination of pilasters, scoops, bays, simple and multi-detailed eaves with denticles. Angle
towers have round or square crossing. There are figured benders and multi-detailed dome lights for towers
roofs. Embrasures and bays have form of lancet and bow-shaped arches with smooth or rusticated choice
of archivolts. In some cases the domes are covered by figured spires. Figured works are carried out from
ordinary and moulded bricks in combination with girths from patterned terracotta plates.
In sub regions there are architectural forms of construction from large lam-stone coquina blocks,
crowned by helmed-shaped domes with figured spire. Their surface are divided by simple girths and
scoops, framing square, box or narrow lancet bays. Color – relief patterns completely or particularly cover
the walls and domes surfaces. In some cases there are figured friezes.
Architectural forms peculiar to “brick style” are represented by figured brickworks from ordinary and
moulded brick, by simple and complicated rustication of scoops, pilasters, platbands and archivolts, many-
tired eaves with graded corbels and arch girths, ordinary or drawn panels. Embrasures and many-graded
bays have form of lancet or semi-circular arches. There are complicated benders and parapets with figured
covers. Box crowns and hip-roofs are used rarely.
Architectural forms peculiar to neoclassicism are represented by pilasters and three-quarter
columns interpreted differently by Doric, Tuscan, Ionic ordinary and complete Orders. There are developed
platbands and pediments with different forms pediments, many-tired level and roof eaves, semi-circular
windows, high walls scoops rustication, as well as figured benders. In some cases there are torispherical
crowns and poli-elliptical domes with different forms and sizes spires.
Modernist style is represented by complicated forms of eaves and benders, three-centered arches and
bays, figured panels on pilasters and window-sills, simple and complicated rustications of scoops,
developed volute corbels, various spire-type cover of parapets, benders and torispherical crowns.
Sometimes there is figured works from face brick is used.
7. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
7
Figure 2. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheYurt,Akmolaregion(1915);2.TheYurt(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);3.TheYurt(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);4.TheTurkmennomadvillage(XIX–beginningoftheXX
century);5.TheYurt(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);6.TheYurt(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);7.TheYurt(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);8.TheYurt(thebeginningoftheXX
century);9.TheYurt(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);10.TheYurt(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
8. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
8
Figure 3. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheResidentialbuilding,KenesaryStr.,Astana(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheResidentialbuilding,Atyrau(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);3,8,9.TheResidential
building,PushkinStr.,Astana(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);4.TheCollege,ValikhanovStr.,Almaty(1904,arch.A.Zenkov);5.TheResidentialbuilding,Semipalatinsk(thebeginning
oftheXXcentury);6.The“NewMosque”,Astana(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);7.TheResidentialbuilding,Pavlodar(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
9. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
9
Figure 4. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1,2.TheHouseoftheMilitaryAssembly,AitekeStr.,Almaty(1908,arch.A.Zenkov);3.TheResidentialbuilding,Kokshetau(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);4.TheResidentialbuilding,
Pavlodar(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheGavrilov’sResidentialbuilding,ZheltoksanStr.,(movedfromFurmanovStr.in1973),Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);6,7.
TheResidentialbuilding,Gogol’Str.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);8,9.TheFour-yearcitySchool,Gogol’Str.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury,arch.A.Zenkov)–
[18]:imagessource
10. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
10
Figure 5. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheResidentialbuilding,AbdullinsStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheResidentialbuilding,AbdullinsStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);3.The
Residentialbuilding,AbdullinsStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);4.TheResidentialbuilding,AlimzhanovStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheResidential
building,AbdullinsStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);6.ThePharmacy,NovoselskayaStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);7.TheResidentialbuilding,GagarinStr.,
Semipalatinsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
11. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
11
Figure 6. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.ThedoctorL.N.Fiedler’shouse,Kazybekbi,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheResidentialbuilding,Semipalatinsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);3.TheResidential
building,KaldayakovStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);4.ThePugasov’sResidentialbuilding,BogenbaiBatyrStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheZubov’s
Residentialbuilding,BaitursynovStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);6,7.TheObservatoryandMeteorologicalservice,SeifullinAve.,Almaty(1915)–[18]:imagessource
12. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
12
Figure 7.THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheResidentialbuilding,ZenkovStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheChurch,Kokshetau(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);3.TheResidentialbuilding,AitekebiStr.,
Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);4.TheResidentialbuilding,Gogol’Str.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheResidentialbuilding,Semipalatinsk(thebeginningof
theXXcentury);6.TheResidentialbuilding,TolebiStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);7.TheResidentialbuilding,MakatayevStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)
–[18]:imagessource
13. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
13
Figure 8. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1,2,3,4,5,6,7.The“IskhakGabdulvaliev&Sons”Shop,ZhibekZholyAve.,Almaty(1911,arch.A.Zenkov)–[18]:imagessource
14. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
14
Figure 9. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1,2,3,4,5,6,7.TheTurkestanCathedral,AitekebiStr.,Almaty(1907,arch.K.Borisoglebsky,S.Troparevsky,A.Zenkov)–[18]:imagessource
15. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
15
Figure 10. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1,3,4,5,6,7.TheSt.NicholasChurch,KabanbaiBatyrStr.,Almaty(1906-1908,arch.N.Lavanov,S.Troparevsky);2.The“JoyofAlltheAfflicted”Church,BrusilovskyStr.,Almaty(1915,
arch.A.Pugachenkov)–[18]:imagessource
16. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
16
Figure 11. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1,2,3,4,5,6.TheIskhakGabdulvaliev’sResidentialbuilding,MakatayevStr.,Almaty(1909,arch.A.Zenkov)–[18]:imagessource
17. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
17
Figure 12. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1,2.TheAdministrativebuilding,Gogol’Str.,Almaty(XIX–thebeginningoftheXXcentury);3.The"Ishaqia"TatarMosqueandMadrassa,ZhibekZholyAve.,Almaty(thebeginningof
theXXcentury);4.TheResidentialbuilding,Gogol’Str.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheAdministrativebuilding,PushkinStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);
6.TheResidentialbuilding,Gogol’Str.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);7.TheKurganov’sResidentialbuilding,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);8,9.ThePension
buildingoftheMan'sGymnasium,TolebiStr.,Almaty(1907,arch.P.Gurde,A.Zenkov)–[18]:imagessource
18. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
18
Figure 13. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheAzimbaiMausoleum,Semipalatinskregion(beginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheArabMausoleum,Semipalatinskregion(beginningoftheXXcentury);3.TheBurialstructure#1,
Necropolis"Aibat"Zhezkazganregion(XIX–earlyoftheXXcentury);4.TheIcatortkulak#2,Semipalatinskregion(beginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheTortkulak#2,NecropolisTaban,
Zhezkazganregion(XIX–earlyoftheXXcentury);6.TheTakyrMemorialfence,Semipalatinskregion(XIX–earlyoftheXXcentury);7.TheShakirkazhitortkulak,Semipalatinskregion
(beginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
19. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
19
Figure 14. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1,2.TheTurlybayKoylybaev’ssagana-tamnecropolisAsan-Hodga,Atyrauregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);3.TheSagana-tam,Kamyspaynecropolis,Atyrauregion(1908,
build.N.Umirov);4.TheSugirAkhmedzhanov’ssagana-tam,Seisen-atanecropolis,Atyrauregion(1905);5.The"Modern"sagana-tam,Karagashnecropolis,Atyrauregion(1916);
6,7,8.TheNurmuhammed’ssagana-tam,Asan-Hodganecropolis,Atyrauregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);9.The"Baroque"sagana-tam,Sagyndyknecropolis,Atyrauregion
(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
20. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
20
Figure 15. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheSagana-tam,Atyrauregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheNecropolis,Atyrauregion(XIX–thebeginningoftheXXcentury);3.TheZholboldysagana-tam,Atyrau
region(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
21. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
21
Figure 16. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheBoranmausoleum,Atyrauregion(1908,build.N.Izbasarov);2.TheAgataiTokabaev’smausoleum,Atyrauregion(1905);3,6.TheShoinbayKabyl-uly’smausoleum,Karaman-ata
necropolis,Atyrauregion(1914);4.TheMausoleum,Atyrauregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheMausoleum,Atyrauregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:images
source
22. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
22
Figure 17. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheTokenAygoraev’smausoleum,Kumozekvillage,Zhambylregion(1906,build.Kempyrbay);2.TheOtel’bay’smausoleum,Kumozekvillage,Zhambylregion(thebeginningofthe
XXcentury);3.TheToleubek’smausoleum,Kumozekvillage,Zhambylregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury,build.Kempyrbay);4.TheAydyn’smausoleum,Dalakaynarvillage,
Zhambylregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheMausoleumBotabai,Kumozekvillage,Zhambylregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);6.TheIsaac'smausoleum,Kumozek
village,Zhambylregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);7.TheAyzhigit-Cal’pemausoleum,Kumozekvillage,Zhambylregion(1902,build.Kempyrbay);8.TheAissamausoleum,
Koskumbeznecropolis,Zhambylregion(1907,build.Kempyrbay);9.TheAkpastortkulak,Kumozekvillage,Zhambylregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);10.TheAralbaytortkulak,
Zhambylregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
23. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
23
Figure 18. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheBeisembaimausoleum,Semipalatinskregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheSharumausoleum,Semipalatinskregion(XIX-earlyXXcentury);3.TheBopekazhi
mausoleum,Semipalatinskregion(XIX-earlyXXcentury);4.TheAsil’hanMausoleum#2,Semipalatinskregion(XIX-earlyXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
24. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
24
Figure 19. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheSarysholakmausoleum,Semipalatinskregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheAsil’hanmausoleum,Semipalatinskregion(XIX-earlyXXcentury);3.TheTusin
Kasabayulymausoleum,Semipalatinskregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);4.TheOmarmausoleum,Semipalatinskregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
25. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
25
Figure 20. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheDomalak-anamausoleum,Glinkinovillage,South-Kazakhstanregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheAliptomar’smausoleum,Akmolaregion(thebeginningoftheXX
century);3.ThetowersinhonorofBatyrOrak,Kyzylordaregion(1918);4.TheMausoleumShaykan,Semipalatinskregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheBabaTuktiShashty
Azizmausoleum,Kumkentvillage,SouthKazakhstan(XIX-earlyXXcentury)6.TheShaikanmausoleum,Semipalatinskregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);7.TheBektybai’s
mausoleum,Chuvillage,SouthKazakhstanregion(1911);8.TheShaul’derMosque,SouthKazakhstanregion(XIX–earlyXXcentury);9.TheSagyndykmausoleum,Shauldervillage,
SouthKazakhstan(XIX-earlyXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
26. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
26
Figure 21. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheKarakozhamosque,Zhambylregion(1909);2,3.Ishan-basarmosqueandmadrasa,Akkoilyvillage,SouthKazakhstanregion(XIX–thebeginningoftheXXcentury);4.The
Abdukadir’smosque,AbaiStr.,Taraz(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheNogaiIshan’smausoleum,Oiykvillage,Zhambylregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);6,7.The
Karahan’smausoleum(reconstruction),TolebiStr.,Taraz(1905-1906)–[18]:imagessource
27. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
27
Figure 22. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheArystan-babmausoleum,Kogamvillage,SouthKazakhstanregion(1909);2.TheArystan-babmausoleum,Kogamvillage,SouthKazakhstanregion(1909;demolishedandrebuilt
in1971);3,4.TheErubay#2mausoleum,Zhezkazganregion(XIX–earlyXXcentury);5,6.TheMosqueNogai-Ishanmosque,Suzakvillage,SouthKazakhstanregion(thebeginningof
theXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
28. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
28
Figure 23. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheWatertower,Arys(1906);2,4.Kostyurin’sMechanicalworkshops,Ust’-Kamenogorsk(thebeginningofthecentury);3.TheWaterTower,Turkestan(1901-1905);5.TheWater
Tower,Timurvillage,SouthKazakhstanregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);6.TheShoefactory,Kostanay(1906);7.TheWaterTower,Taraz(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);
8,9.TheWaterTower,Semipalatinsk(1903);10.TheWaterTower,Petropavlovsk(1902)–[18]:imagessource
29. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
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29
Figure 24. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheResidentialbuilding,MRCStr.,Arys(1912-1915);2.TheHotelforsteam-locomotivecrews,OctoberStr.,Turkestan(1903);3.TheResidentialbuilding,KirovStr.,Arys(the
beginningoftheXXcentury);4.TheHotelforsteam-locomotivecrews,FrunzeStr.,Arys(1905);5.TheRailwayHospital,OctoberStr.,Turkestan(1903);6.TheRailwayHospital,Arys
(1906);7.TheLibrary,ChkalovStr.,Arys(1905);8.TheSchool,Kaskasuvillage,SouthKazakhstanregion(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);9.TheResidentialbuilding,MRCStr.,Arys
(1912-1915);10.TheResidentialbuilding,OctoberStr.,Turkestan(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);11.TheServicestationbuilding,Arys(1907);12.TheResidentialbuilding,Marx
Str.,Turkestan(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
30. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
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Figure 25. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1,2,3,6.TheMakeev’sResidentialbuilding,BukeikhanStr.,Astana(1914-1918,arch.A.Pavlovich);4.TheHospital,KaragandinskayaStr.,Astana(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);
5.TheAlekseev’sSchool,Pavlodar(1907);6.TheHospital,KaragandinskaiaStr.,Astana(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);7.TheResidentialhouse,Petropavlovsk(thebeginningof
theXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
31. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
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31
Figure 26. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheResidentialhouse,Semipalatinsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheCheredov’sresidentialhouse,Semipalatinsk(1919);3.TheRailwaystationServicebuilding,
Semipalatinsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);4.TheNicholasChurch,ShmidtStr.,Shymkent(1914,arch.I.Markevich);5,8.TheresidentialbuildingGate(“TheOldGate”),Kazybek
biStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);6.TheShop,Ust-Kamenogorsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);7.TheChurchoftheNativityoftheBlessedVirginMary,Vrevskoe
village,SouthKazakhstanregion(1903);9.TheChurch,Obruchevkavillage,SouthKazakhstanregion(XIX-earlyXXcenturies);10.TheSchool,Astana(thebeginningoftheXX
century);11.TheresidentialbuildingGate,TolebiStr.,Taraz(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
32. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
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32
Figure 27. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.The“Furor”cinema,Kustanay(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheAdministrativebuilding,Pavlodar(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);3.TheSynagogue,Semipalatinsk(the
beginningoftheXXcentury);4.The“HouseofurbanSociety”,Astana(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5,6.ThePumpingstation,Semipalatinsk(1903);7.TheResidentialbuilding,
Kostanay(1912);8.The"Furor"illusion,Atyrau(1903);9.TheResidentialbuilding,Semipalatinsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
33. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
33
Figure 28. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheJumaMosque(“TheGreatMosque”),Kazalinsk(1907);2.TheElementaryschoolforboys,Ust’-Kamenogorsk(1912);3.TheRaphikov’sresidentialhouse,Ust’-Kamenogorsk
(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);4.TheMenovshikov’sresidentialhouse,Ust’-Kamenogorsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.The“SavvaSemenov&Sons”Shop,Ust’-
Kamenogorsk(1901);6,7.TheKozhevnikov’sShop,Ust’-Kamenogorsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
34. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
34
Figure 29. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheAdministrativebuilding,BegeldinovStr.,Astana(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheRailwaystation,Timurvillage,SouthKazakhstanregion(1901-1905);3,5.TheHotel,
Atyrau(1905);4,6,8.TheSocialClub,Ust’-Kamenogorsk(1902);7,9.The"Echo"cinema,Ust’-Kamenogorsk(1909-1911)–[18]:imagessource
35. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
35
Figure 30. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheAdministrativebuilding,KazybekbiStr.,Almaty(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);2.TheResidentialbuilding,Semipalatinsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);3.TheResidential
building,Semipalatinsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);4.TheResidentialbuilding,OmarovStr.,Astana(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheResidentialbuilding,Semipalatinsk
(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);6.TheResidentialbuilding,Semipalatinsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);7.TheBank,Taraz(1902);8.TheResidentialbuilding,Semipalatinsk(the
beginningoftheXXcentury);9.TheResidentialbuilding,Semipalatinsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
36. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
36
Figure 31. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1,2,4.TheGolovizin’sResidentialbuilding,FurmanovStr.,Almaty(1905-1908);3.TheCinema,Petropavlovsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);5.TheSakhnohotel,Semipalatinsk
(1900);6,7.TheKubrin’sResidentialbuilding,KenesaryStr.,Astana(1910-1911);8.TheGrammarSchool,KirovStr.,Semipalatinsk(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:images
source
37. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
37
Figure 32. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1,2.TheYaushevbrothersPassage,KalininStr.,Kostanay(thebeginningoftheXXcentury);3.TheMedicalCorpsoftheHospital,MarxStr.,Arys(1906);4,6,7.TheKubrin’sshop,
KenesaryStr.,Astana(1905-1910);5.TheKantserov’sshop,Astana(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
38. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
38
Figure 33. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1,2.TheRailwaystation,Turkestan(1903);3.TheDmitriev’sResidentialbuilding,Petropavlovsk(1907);4,5,6.TheRailwaystation,Kyzylorda(1901-1906)7.TheBaldykMosque,
Kyzyl-Ordaregion(1906);8.TheRailwaystation“Arys’-1”,Arys(1901-1904);9.TheSchool,TolebiStr.,Taraz(thebeginningoftheXXcentury)–[18]:imagessource
39. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
39
Figure 34. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.TheSchoolnamedafterRomanovs,Teatral’naiaStr.,Petropavlovsk(1915,arch.S.Gravilschikov);2.TheKiyatkin’sResidentialbuilding,TolstoyStr.,Kostanay(1911)–[18]:images
source
40. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
40
Figure 35. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE OF THE BEGINNING
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1
2
3
1.TheSub-regionalUstyurt-Mangyshlakstylisticdirection;2.TheNeo-Russianstylisticdirection(carvedwoodenparts);3.TheNeo-Russianstylisticdirection(stuccoandcarvedwooden
parts)–[18]:imagessource
41. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
41
Figure 36. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE OF THE BEGINNING
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1
2
3
1.TheBrickStyle;2.TheNeoclassicism;3.TheStyleModern–[18]:imagessource
42. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
42
Figure 37. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE OF THE BEGINNING
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1
2
3
4
1.TheRegionalBrickstyledirection(elementaryadobebrickmasonry);2.TheRegionalBrickstyledirection(artisticandmodeladobebrickmasonry);3.TheRegionalBrickstyle
direction(artisticadobebrickmasonry);4.TheNational-traditionalstylisticdirection(yurt)–[18]:imagessource
43. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
43
Set of objects on figures
Figure 1. THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE KAZAKHSTAN
1. The map of the Asia, 1914 (the fragment)
Figure 2. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Yurt, Akmola region (1915)
2. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century)
3. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The Turkmen nomad village (XIX – beginning of the XX century)
5. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century)
6. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century)
7. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century)
8. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century)
9. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century)
10. The Yurt (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 3. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Residential building, Kenesary Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century)
2. The Residential building, Atyrau (the beginning of the XX century)
3, 8, 9. The Residential building, Pushkin Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The College, Valikhanov Str., Almaty (1904, arch. A.Zenkov)
5. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
6. The “New Mosque”, Astana (the beginning of the XX century)
7. The Residential building, Pavlodar (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 4. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1, 2. The House of the Military Assembly, Aiteke Str., Almaty (1908, arch. A.Zenkov)
3. The Residential building, Kokshetau (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The Residential building, Pavlodar (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Gavrilov’s Residential building, Zheltoksan Str., (moved from Furmanov Str. in 1973), Almaty (the
beginning of the XX century)
6, 7. The Residential building, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
8, 9. The Four-year city School, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century, arch. A.Zenkov)
Figure 5. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Residential building, Abdullins Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
2. The Residential building, Abdullins Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
3. The Residential building, Abdullins Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The Residential building, Alimzhanov Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Residential building, Abdullins Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
6. The Pharmacy, Novoselskaya Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
7. The Residential building, Gagarin Str., Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 6. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The doctor L.N.Fiedler’s house, Kazybek bi, Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
2. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
3. The Residential building, Kaldayakov Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The Pugasov’s Residential building, Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Zubov’s Residential building, Baitursynov Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
6, 7. The Observatory and Meteorological service, Seifullin Ave., Almaty (1915)
44. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
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Figure 7. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Residential building, Zenkov Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
2. The Church, Kokshetau (the beginning of the XX century)
3. The Residential building, Aiteke bi Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The Residential building, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
6. The Residential building, Tole bi Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
7. The Residential building, Makatayev Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 8. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. The “Iskhak Gabdulvaliev & Sons” Shop, Zhibek Zholy Ave., Almaty (1911, arch.
A.Zenkov)
Figure 9. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. The Turkestan Cathedral, Aiteke bi Str., Almaty (1907, arch. K.Borisoglebsky,
S.Troparevsky, A.Zenkov)
Figure 10. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. The St.Nicholas Church, Kabanbai Batyr Str., Almaty (1906-1908, arch. N.Lavanov,
S.Troparevsky)
2. The “Joy of All the Afflicted” Church, Brusilovsky Str., Almaty (1915, arch. A.Pugachenkov)
Figure 11. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The Iskhak Gabdulvaliev’s Residential building, Makatayev Str., Almaty (1909, arch.
A.Zenkov)
Figure 12. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1, 2. The Administrative building, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (XIX – the beginning of the XX century)
3. The "Ishaqia" Tatar Mosque and Madrassa, Zhibek Zholy Ave., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The Residential building, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Administrative building, Pushkin Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
6. The Residential building, Gogol’ Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
7. The Kurganov’s Residential building, Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
8, 9. The Pension building of the Man's Gymnasium, Tole bi Str., Almaty (1907, arch. P.Gurde, A.Zenkov)
Figure 13. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Azimbai Mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (beginning of the XX century)
2. The Arab Mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (beginning of the XX century)
3. The Burial structure #1, Necropolis "Aibat" Zhezkazgan region (XIX – early of the XX century)
4. The Ica tortkulak #2, Semipalatinsk region (beginning of the XX century)
5. The Tortkulak #2, Necropolis Taban, Zhezkazgan region (XIX – early of the XX century)
6. The Takyr Memorial fence, Semipalatinsk region (XIX – early of the XX century)
7. The Shakirkazhi tortkulak, Semipalatinsk region (beginning of the XX century)
Figure 14. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1, 2. The Turlybay Koylybaev’s sagana-tam necropolis Asan-Hodga, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX
century)
3. The Sagana-tam, Kamyspay necropolis, Atyrau region (1908, build. N.Umirov)
4. The Sugir Akhmedzhanov’s sagana-tam, Seisen-ata necropolis, Atyrau region (1905)
5. The "Modern" sagana-tam, Karagash necropolis, Atyrau region (1916)
6, 7, 8. The Nurmuhammed’s sagana-tam, Asan-Hodga necropolis, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX
45. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
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45
century)
9. The "Baroque" sagana-tam, Sagyndyk necropolis, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 15. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Sagana-tam, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX century)
2. The Necropolis, Atyrau region (XIX – the beginning of the XX century)
3. The Zholboldy sagana-tam, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 16. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Boran mausoleum, Atyrau region (1908, build. N.Izbasarov)
2. The Agatai Tokabaev’s mausoleum, Atyrau region (1905)
3, 6. The Shoinbay Kabyl-uly’s mausoleum, Karaman-ata necropolis, Atyrau region (1914)
4. The Mausoleum, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Mausoleum, Atyrau region (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 17. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Token Aygoraev’s mausoleum, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (1906, build. Kempyrbay)
2. The Otel’bay’s mausoleum, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century)
3. The Toleubek’s mausoleum, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century, build.
Kempyrbay)
4. The Aydyn’s mausoleum, Dalakaynar village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Mausoleum Botabai, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century)
6. The Isaac's mausoleum, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century)
7. The Ayzhigit-Cal’pe mausoleum, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (1902, build. Kempyrbay)
8. The Aissa mausoleum, Koskumbez necropolis, Zhambyl region (1907, build. Kempyrbay)
9. The Akpas tortkulak, Kumozek village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century)
10. The Aralbay tortkulak, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century)
11. The Calpe necropolis, Moyynkum village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 18. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Beisembai mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century)
2. The Sharu mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (XIX - early XX century)
3. The Bopekazhi mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (XIX - early XX century)
4. The Asil’han Mausoleum #2, Semipalatinsk region (XIX - early XX century)
Figure 19. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Sarysholak mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century)
2. The Asil’han mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (XIX - early XX century)
3. The Tusin Kasabayuly mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The Omar mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 20. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Domalak-ana mausoleum, Glinkino village, South-Kazakhstan region (the beginning of the XX
century)
2. The Aliptomar’s mausoleum, Akmola region (the beginning of the XX century)
3. The towers in honor of Batyr Orak, Kyzylorda region (1918)
4. The Mausoleum Shaykan, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Baba Tukti Shashty Aziz mausoleum, Kumkent village, South Kazakhstan (XIX - early XX century)
6. The Shaikan mausoleum, Semipalatinsk region (the beginning of the XX century)
7. The Bektybai’s mausoleum, Chu village, South Kazakhstan region (1911)
8. The Shaul’der Mosque, South Kazakhstan region (XIX – early XX century)
9. The Sagyndyk mausoleum, Shaulder village, South Kazakhstan (XIX - early XX century)
46. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
46
Figure 21. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Karakozha mosque, Zhambyl region (1909)
2, 3. Ishan-basar mosque and madrasa, Akkoily village, South Kazakhstan region (XIX – the beginning of
the XX century)
4. The Abdukadir’s mosque, Abai Str., Taraz (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Nogai Ishan’s mausoleum, Oiyk village, Zhambyl region (the beginning of the XX century)
6, 7. The Karahan’s mausoleum (reconstruction), Tole bi Str., Taraz (1905-1906)
Figure 22. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Arystan-bab mausoleum, Kogam village, South Kazakhstan region (1909)
2. The Arystan-bab mausoleum, Kogam village, South Kazakhstan region (1909; demolished and rebuilt in
1971)
3, 4. The Erubay #2 mausoleum, Zhezkazgan region (XIX – early XX century)
5, 6. The Mosque Nogai-Ishan mosque, Suzak village, South Kazakhstan region (the beginning of the XX
century)
Figure 23. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Water tower, Arys (1906)
2, 4. Kostyurin’s Mechanical workshops, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (the beginning of the century)
3. The Water Tower, Turkestan (1901-1905)
5. The Water Tower, Timur village, South Kazakhstan region (the beginning of the XX century)
6. The Shoe factory, Kostanay (1906)
7. The Water Tower, Taraz (the beginning of the XX century)
8, 9. The Water Tower, Semipalatinsk (1903)
10. The Water Tower, Petropavlovsk (1902)
Figure 24. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Residential building, MRC Str., Arys (1912-1915)
2. The Hotel for steam-locomotive crews, October Str., Turkestan (1903)
3. The Residential building, Kirov Str., Arys (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The Hotel for steam-locomotive crews, Frunze Str., Arys (1905)
5. The Railway Hospital, October Str., Turkestan (1903)
6. The Railway Hospital, Arys (1906)
7. The Library, Chkalov Str., Arys (1905)
8. The School, Kaskasu village, South Kazakhstan region (the beginning of the XX century)
9. The Residential building, MRC Str., Arys (1912-1915)
10. The Residential building, October Str., Turkestan (the beginning of the XX century)
11. The Service station building, Arys (1907)
12. The Residential building, Marx Str., Turkestan (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 25. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1, 2, 3, 6. The Makeev’s Residential building, Bukeikhan Str., Astana (1914-1918, arch. A.Pavlovich)
4. The Hospital, Karagandinskaya Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Alekseev’s School, Pavlodar (1907)
6. The Hospital, Karagandinskaia Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century)
7. The Residential house, Petropavlovsk (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 26. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Residential house, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
2. The Cheredov’s residential house, Semipalatinsk (1919)
3. The Railway station Service building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
47. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
47
4. The Nicholas Church, Shmidt Str., Shymkent (1914, arch. I.Markevich)
5, 8. The residential building Gate (“The Old Gate”), Kazybek bi Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX
century)
6. The Shop, Ust-Kamenogorsk (the beginning of the XX century)
7. The Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Vrevskoe village, South Kazakhstan region (1903)
9. The Church, Obruchevka village, South Kazakhstan region (XIX - early XX centuries)
10. The School, Astana (the beginning of the XX century)
11. The residential building Gate, Tole bi Str., Taraz (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 27. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The “Furor” cinema, Kustanay (the beginning of the XX century)
2. The Administrative building, Pavlodar (the beginning of the XX century)
3. The Synagogue, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The “House of urban Society”, Astana (the beginning of the XX century)
5, 6. The Pumping station, Semipalatinsk (1903)
7. The Residential building, Kostanay (1912)
8. The "Furor" illusion, Atyrau (1903)
9. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 28. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Juma Mosque (“The Great Mosque”), Kazalinsk (1907)
2. The Elementary school for boys, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (1912)
3. The Raphikov’s residential house, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The Menovshikov’s residential house, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The “Savva Semenov & Sons” Shop, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (1901)
6, 7. The Kozhevnikov’s Shop, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 29. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Administrative building, Begeldinov Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century)
2. The Railway station, Timur village, South Kazakhstan region (1901-1905)
3, 5. The Hotel, Atyrau (1905)
4, 6, 8. The Social Club, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (1902)
7, 9. The "Echo" cinema, Ust’-Kamenogorsk (1909-1911)
Figure 30. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Administrative building, Kazybek bi Str., Almaty (the beginning of the XX century)
2. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
3. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
4. The Residential building, Omarov Str., Astana (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
6. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
7. The Bank, Taraz (1902)
8. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
9. The Residential building, Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 31. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1, 2, 4. The Golovizin’s Residential building, Furmanov Str., Almaty (1905-1908)
3. The Cinema, Petropavlovsk (the beginning of the XX century)
5. The Sakhno hotel, Semipalatinsk (1900)
6, 7. The Kubrin’s Residential building, Kenesary Str., Astana (1910-1911)
8. The Grammar School, Kirov Str., Semipalatinsk (the beginning of the XX century)
48. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
48
Figure 32. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1, 2. The Yaushev brothers Passage, Kalinin Str., Kostanay (the beginning of the XX century)
3. The Medical Corps of the Hospital, Marx Str., Arys (1906)
4, 6, 7. The Kubrin’s shop, Kenesary Str., Astana (1905-1910)
5. The Kantserov’s shop, Astana (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 33. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1, 2. The Railway station, Turkestan (1903)
3. The Dmitriev’s Residential building, Petropavlovsk (1907)
4, 5, 6. The Railway station, Kyzylorda (1901-1906)
7. The Baldyk Mosque, Kyzyl-Orda region (1906)
8. The Railway station “Arys’-1”, Arys (1901-1904)
9. The School, Tole bi Str., Taraz (the beginning of the XX century)
Figure 34. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The School named after Romanovs, Teatral’naia Str., Petropavlovsk (1915, arch. S.Gravilschikov)
2. The Kiyatkin’s Residential building, Tolstoy Str., Kostanay (1911)
Figure 35. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Sub-regional Ustyurt-Mangyshlak stylistic direction
2. The Neo-Russian stylistic direction (carved wooden parts)
3. The Neo-Russian stylistic direction (stucco and carved wooden parts)
Figure 36. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Brick Style
2. The Neoclassicism
3. The Style Modern
Figure 37. ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1. The Regional Brick style direction (elementary adobe brick masonry)
2. The Regional Brick style direction (artistic and model adobe brick masonry)
3. The Regional Brick style direction (artistic adobe brick masonry)
4. The National-traditional stylistic direction (yurt)
49. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
49
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E: sam
E of the Beginning
nstantin I.SAMOIL
52
tantin I.SA
ch), HD(Arch
rn on January
of Architectu
c-Research I
ag.ru (Mosc
s degree cou
ture and Tow
ate of Archite
ture): The Sc
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raduate cours
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ctural Facult
ring (Dipl. Ar
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s for architec
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ate Professo
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g of the Twentieth
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AMOILOV
h), PhD(Arch
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ure (Theory a
nstitute of Ar
cow, 2004);
urse – the Sc
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ww.niitag.ru
se – the Alm
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ture and Civi
;
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nagement - w
70 articles on
ecture of 20th
ctural-designa
rator about 2
religious and
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ahoo.com
century (THE FOR
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h), Dipl.Arch
and History o
rchitecture an
cientific-resea
- www.niitag.
Ph.D. (Theor
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aty Institute
kh Leading A
.kz (Almaty,
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MArch.) – no
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RMS SUMMATION
h., Dipl.Tech
of Architecture
nd Town Pla
arch Institute
ru (Moscow
ry and History
e of Architec
990);
of Architectu
Academy of A
1983-1986);
f Architecture
ow it is the Ka
g - www.kazg
ineering tech
it is the lmat
kz (Almaty, 1
and History o
uries and ser
zations of es
of dwelling ho
uildings;
public of the
the Republic
Faculty –
and Civil En
iv@mail.ru
N)
h.Arch.
e): The
nning Theory
e of Theory o
w, 1999-2003)
y of
cture and Tow
re and Civil
Architecture a
;
e and Civil
azakh Leadin
gasa.kz
hnical school
ty College of
1973-1977);
of the
ies education
stablishments
ouses, public
Kazakhstan;
of the
ngineering –
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);
wn
and
ng
nal
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c,
;
–
53. THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth century (THE FORMS SUMMATION)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV, 2017
53
The Scientific-methodological Edition
THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE of the Beginning of the Twentieth
century (THE FORMS SUMMATION) / Research paper by Konstantin
I.SAMOILOV. – the Thematic brochures series: STYLES OF THE
KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE. – Almaty, 2017. – 53 p.
Signed in print – December 25, 2017.
The Format – 60 x 84 1/8.
The Font: Arial Narrow.
Conventional printed sheets – 3,34.
The Duplication – PDFversion.