This document discusses the history of ceramic tile making and tile work ("moarraq") in Iran. It covers the early origins of tile work in ancient Iran and Mesopotamia, the developments during the Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sassanid periods, the flourishing of tile work after the spread of Islam, and the different types of tiles used in Islamic architecture. The peak of tile work art is said to have occurred in the 13th century in what is now Turkey, and tile decoration reached its zenith in Islamic countries. The document outlines the three main types of tiles used decoratively in buildings: mosaic tiles ("Moarragh"), geometric building tiles, and glazed mud brick tiles
crafts:34 kinds of most collectable chinese arts and craftsHQXSCRAFT
Crafts and arts have a long history in China.The most representative are 34 kinds. They are beautifully designed and highly collectable.For your reference.
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This is ninth paper in a series of research papers exploring the history of mechanical engineering during the
Ancient Egypt era. The paper investigates the industry of pottery in Ancient Egypt over periods from Predynastic
to Old Kingdom. The paper presents samples of pottery ware and tries to analyze each sample showing its
characteristics and location if known. The designs of each pottery ware is outlined. The decorations of the pottery
ware are outlined with emphases on the innovations in the pottery industry during the studied periods. The
manufacturing technique of pottery ware is stresses from point of view of mass production.
The exhibition features outstanding Archaic Jades, Archaic Bronzes, Buddhist Sculpture, early Ceramics, and Later Dynastic Jades.
All objects are highly interesting, fully curated, and of the high quality for which we are well known.
Highlights include the Very Large Black Jade Double Bi or “8,” Hongshan Culture, Neolithic Period; the Archaic Gold Inlaid Bronze Covered Hu, Late Eastern Zhou Dynasty; the sublime Longmen Head of Buddha, Tang Dynasty; the very rare Painted Pottery Drinking Horse, Tang Dynasty; and the Very Rare Grey Jade Twin Fish Lotus Dish, Qianlong Period.
This catalogue was just published in October, 2021 for our 50th year exhibition in Hong Kong.
crafts:34 kinds of most collectable chinese arts and craftsHQXSCRAFT
Crafts and arts have a long history in China.The most representative are 34 kinds. They are beautifully designed and highly collectable.For your reference.
https://www.hqxscraft.com/
This is ninth paper in a series of research papers exploring the history of mechanical engineering during the
Ancient Egypt era. The paper investigates the industry of pottery in Ancient Egypt over periods from Predynastic
to Old Kingdom. The paper presents samples of pottery ware and tries to analyze each sample showing its
characteristics and location if known. The designs of each pottery ware is outlined. The decorations of the pottery
ware are outlined with emphases on the innovations in the pottery industry during the studied periods. The
manufacturing technique of pottery ware is stresses from point of view of mass production.
The exhibition features outstanding Archaic Jades, Archaic Bronzes, Buddhist Sculpture, early Ceramics, and Later Dynastic Jades.
All objects are highly interesting, fully curated, and of the high quality for which we are well known.
Highlights include the Very Large Black Jade Double Bi or “8,” Hongshan Culture, Neolithic Period; the Archaic Gold Inlaid Bronze Covered Hu, Late Eastern Zhou Dynasty; the sublime Longmen Head of Buddha, Tang Dynasty; the very rare Painted Pottery Drinking Horse, Tang Dynasty; and the Very Rare Grey Jade Twin Fish Lotus Dish, Qianlong Period.
This catalogue was just published in October, 2021 for our 50th year exhibition in Hong Kong.
Raven Gallery is featuring several new artists Spring 2018.
Raven Gallery, located in Aspen, blends extraordinary glass art from around the world with fine art and the art of nature; exceptional minerals, crystals and petrified wood.
It is the second of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 213 images of 179 buildings, constructed in the Nineteenth century. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
MAPEH 8 1st Quarter - Southeast Asian Arts
Lesson 3: Sculpture
A. Cambodia
B. Thailand
C. Laos
D. Vietnam
E. Indonesia
F. Malaysia
G. Singapore
H. Brunei
Studio Pottery, Number 4, pp. 23-26 (Aug./Sept.1993) Studio Pottery is a bi-monthly magazine, intended as a useful and readable companion for all those interested in pottery and ceramic in the U.K. - 15 Magdalen Road, Exeter
Raven Gallery is featuring several new artists Spring 2018.
Raven Gallery, located in Aspen, blends extraordinary glass art from around the world with fine art and the art of nature; exceptional minerals, crystals and petrified wood.
It is the second of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 213 images of 179 buildings, constructed in the Nineteenth century. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
MAPEH 8 1st Quarter - Southeast Asian Arts
Lesson 3: Sculpture
A. Cambodia
B. Thailand
C. Laos
D. Vietnam
E. Indonesia
F. Malaysia
G. Singapore
H. Brunei
Studio Pottery, Number 4, pp. 23-26 (Aug./Sept.1993) Studio Pottery is a bi-monthly magazine, intended as a useful and readable companion for all those interested in pottery and ceramic in the U.K. - 15 Magdalen Road, Exeter
It is the first of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 102 images of 86 buildings, constructed in Ancient and Medieval times. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
The ceramics industry is a growing manufacturing sector in Bangladesh. The industry started during the late 1950s when the first ceramic industrial plants were established. The industry mainly produces tableware, sanitaryware and tiles.
UDC 72.036 (574)
Research paper by Konstantin I.SAMOILOV. – The Thematic brochures series: STYLES OF THE KAZAKHSTAN’S ARCHITECTURE. – Almaty, 2017. – 53 p.
It is the third of eleven brochures of the Thematic series "Styles of the Kazakhstan’s Architecture" – on based the Author’s monograph “ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAZAKHSTAN OF THE 20-CENTURY (Development of architectural-artistic forms)”, 2004. The Brochure includes 251 images of 193 buildings, constructed in the Twentieth century beginning. The set of objects is structured as an aspect of forms style classification.
For architects, art-critics and historians.
Start of interior design in human history.pptxMEGHANA S
Interior architecture is the practice of sensitively and innovatively redesigning an existing interior space, while respecting its historical value. As well as considering aesthetic design, interior architecture focuses on the functionality and material construction of interior spaces. It addresses structural elements like window and door placements, ventilation, heating and plumbing, as well as interior decoration.
Apply Development PlanCreate a 700- to 1,050-word development.docxarmitageclaire49
Apply: Development Plan
Create a 700- to 1,050-word development plan that includes the following:
· Assess the legalities of training.
· Determine whether the plan could offend any of the protected classes.
· Evaluate whether you will use the plan as the sole weighting for promoting and determining the eligibility of employees for the opportunity to move forward at work.
· Conduct a cultural assessment of your terminology.
· Consider the various aspects of EEOC.
Cite any sources according to APA formatting guidelines.
INSTRUCTIONS
Just a quick note to make sure you all went to the V&A (Jameel Collection and South Asian Galleries) yesterday or before and you found your visit interesting. If you haven't been yet, please make sure you go as soon as possible to complete your first written graded assignment for our course.
2000 words
WEEK 6, TUESDAY 19 FEBRUARY:
Student-led activity.
This session will take place without the instructor. Students are required to visit the Jameel Gallery AND the South Asian Gallery (on Islamic art and Mughal objects) at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
Students are then asked to submit ONLINE, by SUNDAY 3 MARCH, a written GALLERY REVIEW on their visit (2,000 – 3,000 words.), in which they:
- Briefly outline the main features of their chosen exhibiting space;
- Choose and discuss at least FIVE art pieces, providing a short art-historical analysis, a relevant bibliography and set of illustrations for each of them;
- Briefly consider the interaction between Western and non-Western art.
Make sure you describe all your chosen objects in a way that is meaningful and art-historically relevant (facts and dates).
Your report should reflect both the academic research behind the curating of your chosen space (how well is it curated, in your opinion?) and your own personal ideas (it should be a mixture of both).
Finally, don’t forget to structure your essay rigorously,
weave your observations within a coherent and cohesive framework,
and provide original and meaningful conclusions.
Students who fail to visit this museum and submit their written report will be marked as absent and receive an F for this assignment.
STRUCTURE
(title)
Jameel Gallery Review
2000 words (5 pieces)
INTRODUCTION and thesis (150)
(Briefly outline the main features of their chosen exhibiting space, describe the two pictures below of the gallery space called the jameel gallery) its spacious its white, the center is the ardabil carpet (talk a bit about it)
Explain how the objects are displayed in glass cubes arround the room and there is a main piece in the center
The vibrant collection spans from the early Islamic period (the 7th century) to the early 20th century and include holdings of metalwork, ceramics, architectural woodwork and textiles. Highlights include the Ardabil Carpet, the world's oldest dated carpet and one of the largest, most beautiful and historically important. CENTER PIECE OF THE .
Instructor shares symbolic relationships between disparate cultures and a brief summary of and the spectacular work of Islamic Ceramic Artists leading up to the present day. Cintamani motifs explored and interpreted.
Similar to Research,Iranian Ceramic Tile works (20)
1. A PROJECT OF PREPARATION OF CERAMIC TILE
AND THE ART OF TILE WORK “MOARRAQ” IN
IRAN
Y.U.A.C
CHAIR OF THE THEORY OF
ARCHITECTURE,RESTORATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
OF HISTORICAL – ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, FINE
ARTS AND HISTORY
PREPARED BY: ABDOLRASOUL GOLZARI
2. - Introduction to the art of tile work in ancient IRAN
یرازلگلوسر :یهته
- Chapter 1: Tile and its application
1. - Seven colored (Rainbow) tiles
2. - Masonry calligraphy with decorative tiles
- Chapter 2: Tiles and construction Industry
1. - Tile
2. - Selection of row materials in the manufacture of tiles
3. – Mixing in a ball mill supplier
4. – Primary baking by means of drier spray
5. – Casting and pressing the tiles
6. – secondary baking tiles
7. – Glazing and germination of tiles
8. – Print on tile
9. – Final baking of the tile
10. – Tile baking kilns
11. – Tiles designing
12. – Tiles packaging
- Chapter 3: How to build border tiles
1. – The difference between normal and Granit tiles
2. – Quality control portion in the factory
3. – Laboratory portion in the factory
- Tile works
- References
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3. Ceramic tile-making industry and the work of architectural decoration all over the land
of Iran and specially religious monuments have been used, such as certain features
pottery. This craft is very far from the past as a result of skill, taste and style of tile
worker has been mirrored in the object position, so that the artist or mosaic
makers with the application of various colors and put the pieces together or in the
thickness of colorful stones and in accordance with the map already has plans to
different and even building is achieved from the combination. Simple
geometric designs, curved line, half a circle, triangle, and another that a vertical line
lines on them are of images drawn on the findings of earlier courses have a place to
browse a variety of roles, which are geometric shapes, flowers and leaves, plant and
animals that inspired and influenced by nature have formed are visible, and all work in
the industry and skill of the artist's role is to coordinate and plan to build them, It is one
of the most consideration.
This point should be noted that what the tiles and tile works of art ever created such a
public and everyday needs, not knowing the artist of great beauty and satisfaction of
human desires and religious motif was his. As the Pope writes when he was visiting
Sheikh “Lotfollah” Mosque‟s Tile works in Isfahan,
"creating such these art works could not be happened except
through the religion and faith to the God”.
art terrazzo and mosaic tiling, is a combination of abstract and
individual characteristics of objects and their color, taste and
authenticity that the viewer to admire the work of artists in a
variety of makes and incorporated phenomenon.
Al-Abid temple decorative tile is on the left in Mesopotamia since
the second half of the second millennium BC.is the first indicator
of first usage of Tiling art in IranianArchitecture.
The decorative style that combines colored stones and put them
together with special decorative order and also using colored
objects such as shells, bones and organized, more like a way to
make terrazzo tile The first enamelled bricks and painted
decorations on the walls of the palace was used by Assyria and Babylon.
In Iran engage in cultural, social, military, economic, trade and industrial relations,
except the neighboring countries, with the countries that had have historically distant
had been usual as well. The interplay of cultural and artistic production in many
aspects, especially the art of tiling and mosaic tiles have, the first manifestations of the
art works of the late second millennium BC. Appears.
یرازلگلوسر :یهته
4. The “Chaghazanbil” ziggurat excavated, and the rest of the ancient Susa city in Iran, in
addition to the pottery glaze, glazed bricks have been found. The technics and industry
of Tile work means the combination of small colored stones based on geometric
designs with different beautiful designs has reached the peak of its prosperity that we
can see in the obtained cup from the “Marlik” excavations could be consider as the
greatest and most complete instance. This cup is the combination of stone mosaics
made of colorful style double technical term for “Hezar Gol - thousand flowers" is known
for the quality of work is inlaid in the row.
Hanging to the left of the Achaemenid period suggests the use of colored glazed bricks
and painted their composition, body building Susa and Persepolis are arranged in such
a combination, two interesting examples of these types of tiling in Susa obtained the
"lions and arrow shooters" is known.
In addition, the proportion of rhythmic and designs used in the composition, role and
status of the tale of the true identity of the soldiers.As the face of the white and the
black to dark colors, decorative items such as earrings and bracelets of gold or remove
shoes yellow leather legs. The decorative tile is also used to make scrolls.
Text color, original tiles Achaemenid period, often yellow, green and brown glaze on
baked bricks made of plaster.
Other examples of this kind of glazed tiles pictures of imaginary
animals like the "Phoenix" or "Griffin" cow horn, head, feet and
claws of birds as well as milk obtained during recent excavations.
Different parts of different pieces of tile work Achaemenid now in
the collection of the Louvre and other museums around the
world.
“Ashakanyan (Parthian period) of significant progress in the
glazing industry, and particularly the use of interior and exterior
wall covering, honest glazed ceramics were common, as well as
frequently thick stratum of the glaze on the coffin of the burial
pulled.
Gradually in the course of the colors green and turquoise blue glaze that will thrive.
According to some researchers believe, the Parthian Glaze industry as a result of
political and trade relations between Iran and the Far East, China and potters in
Chinese Han Dynasty period (206 BC -220AD) is the most common techniques of
glaze in ceramics which were had been usual in Iran have been using for cover in
china.Assyrian wall paintings and mountain palace “eunuch” in Sistan province and
prosperity reminiscent of graffiti in this period.
The decorative scheme of the role of plants, palm trees, small leaves like flower "Lotus"
and human and animal decoration, also used in the above two monument „s
arrangement.
یرازلگلوسر :یهته
5. It is hoped that in future excavations in different parts of the Ashakanyan (Parthian)
period was more tiles that provide the opportunity to study and scrutiny in this area.
In the Sassanid era, like other arts craft Achaemenid period continued, and making
the same manner and with glazed tiles Achaemenid was
thicker than usual.
Several examples of this type of glazed tiles with a
thickness of one centimeter in diameter and is in search
of “Firuz Abad” and “Behshapoor” obtained. In addition to
art tile art mosaic art in the Sassanid era was also
common.
Specifically covered porch on the east and west
Behshapoor‟s mosaic and ornamentations from different
colors and designs of flowers and plants, birds and
human figures on the covers.
Quality of mosaic motifs found in Behshapoor more expressive and artistic style of the
period style of mosaic tiles and tile work is manifested. Painting and appropriate,
coordinate, and the proportion of the characteristics of this period is tiled.
After the spread of Islam, over art ornate tile work and
cover the most important factor for the stability of the
buildings, especially religious buildings were different.
One of the best types of tile work in the most sacred
religious monument in the history of the first centuryAD,
the “Qods - Dome of the Rock” can be seen.
Since the early Islamic period tiles and tile workers, like
other Iranian filmmakers and artists to the forefront of
different ways, according to historians, art tile work with
her as far as Spain gets too have conquered territories.
IranianArtists with extraordinary and unbelievable skills
created the “Tile type of Mosaic” wich is named
“Moaraq” with different colors and styles in variety of
ways. And turned the same colored and simple mud bricks of the pre – Islamic period to
the extremely beautiful combination of the colors which is called “haft Rang – Rainbow”.
And thus lower the fifth century AD onward Building can be seen that one of the above-
mentioned methods or different colored tiles have been decorated.
In this short article will try to check and examine the changes of tile art of early Islamic
period to the present day, and also briefly describe how is the decoration of its
application in different centuries.
یرازلگلوسر :یهته
6. Tiling historically is the fifth basic and essential ways of decorating of common
buildings.
Using this method, was the maximum common in Islamic architecture and decorative
materials and was interesting during this period that overwhelmed the other arts in this
case such as brick works and plaster decorations so that they were covering all face of
the walls with the tiles. Tile decoration for the first time in the 13th century in “Konya -
Gounia” sites ( This city now a days is a part of Turkey) used. Tiling with decorative art
reached its zenith in the Islamic countries wiki prominent features of Islamic architecture
is used to specify tiles of three types of buildings used that will be explained in the next
topics.
A: (Moarragh tiles - mosaic tiles: By modulation of small pieces of cut is made on the
basis of the principle of individual and installed in the appropriate place that is
considered.
B: Building Tiles: geometric designs made from the combination of geometric shapes,
the area of each square is 4 to 8 cm.
C: Mud brick type tile: glazed clay delicate that any of them are part of the schema is
made and there is a five-centuryAh with the development and progress of other
branches of Islamic art was also a tiling business more viable.
In order not to avoid loose of time given the country's weak economy, they're in the
restoration of historic new “abdat” instead of repairing tile mosaic tiles used to apply
these seven colors of tile type white color is a little green.
“Moarragh work” is a diaphoretic action of the cut pieces of different motifs from the tiles
of different colors and shaved on the side of large fragments in the form of equation and
encapsulation on and can be installed on a wall that be the ornamentation part of work.
Sometimes the role of the motifs and sometimes different natural node such as scabies
and an Arabesque that each plant can have a separate building ornament.
Build or install tile to the mosaic through the above say is called “Moarragh tile work”.
Tile work in the “Seljukian” Sultanate period i.e. diaphoretic in 4 Ah to the perfection and
was very popular.
The mosaic artists who lived in the eighth century working far from the Seljuk Covenant
artists they were ahead. Succeeded in this century who forms part of the mosaic is
composed of smaller and softest and most beautiful building forms in a variety of colors
and geometric shapes and also beautiful glossy display that can be seen only in the art
of the East, especially Iran.
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 1
7. Specially the more cheapness caused more currency of this style. “Moarragh work”
Between the centuries 9 and 10 reached its eastern waysand styles.
In this period the special and important central workshops of “Moarragh work”
established in the cities of Isfahan,Yazd,Kerman,Herat and Samarghand.
Mosaic tile has the advantage that can be installed in the non-planar surfaces, such as
domes and finial towers and even small and delicate “Mogharnas” If you're in need of
repair will be less intact incompatible with the remains of tiles.
A tile that is used in most of the mosques, tombs worship Stays and used as private
homes, which has an excellent reputation.
These tiles are the clay tiles of size of 10 x 10 cm square meters and comes with the
encapsulation put the question on the role of the painting taken and heating in the oven
to be baked enamel then removed from the furnace and install in seven color and
promote the common colors are black, white, blue, turquoise Yi, yellow and red fawn
Historical sites Yu holy places where a lot of this type of tiles used.
The building line which is inspired by the Islamic “Koufi” calligraphy in tile work has a
special stage in IslamicArchitecture.
This calligraphy is used as an ornamentation in inscriptions and in the top of minarets
And also in the back and side of the arches.
This great calligraphy abundantly is used in tiles and propagated tiling because it is
easier to cut and like the other corner line and side line has not too much warp and
that‟s why it called masonry calligraphy which were using mostly in historical “Abdat”
Using letter “ -آA” .
In tiling work however there are other ornamentation styles like: “Eslimi”, “Gereh kar”,
“Masonry line type”, “Mogharnas works”, “Moarragh works” “Design sheets” and so on.
If we focus on the stages of the preparation of a piece of tile either small or big we could
get this point that each of these styles has its own special extreme value in their choices
and we can feel the creativity, initiative, and art power of the specialist tile Workers on
them.
Today, with frequent use of the tiles in the construction industry, it is considered as one
of the most used building materials.
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 2
8. In Iran some of the great diversity in terms of quality which has produced is competitive
and even higher than foreign products.
A group of the Azad university students in Iran prepared a complete and useful report
from the tile preparation steps from the beginning like: soil and dough preparation,
Casting, baking and the important points of final cooking and resulted that in spite of
Long term tile work antiquity in Iran but still the quality of the tiles is under level of
Standards and that‟s why the factories did not get success to export their productions
To the other countries and most of the factories and companies have been forced to
work internally and by this way they stand lots of losses.
After this research they prepared a solution program
based on increasing material quality factors and
Offered their program to the main producers.
Clay minerals relative to their intrinsic, kaolin group
ALO2, 2SO2,2H2O and Halvzytha Al2O, 2SO2,4H2O
mount morphit made.
Tiles, are consist of materials that are cheap and are
in favor of the ceramic and the strength and elegance
that is stored. Tile, has a variety of simple to start and
end of the chest wall and curved cornice corners specia
type of tile with a beautiful, ceramic or stone floor
mosaics and kills them.
Tile are in the shapes of colorful paintings and mosaics
and outstanding trumpet or a project or in the form of boards and posts, etc. are made.
Tiles in tile producing factories, in the forms of glaze and handling and cooking
procedures in place, with different strength and size can be made.
Enamels usually made of kaolin, quartz, feldspars and by adding gypsum and iron oxide
that are using as sewage pipes, etc. and use in the colors of metal oxides.
These collections will be in the form of iron powder and extract in the surface of the tile
then will be dried and baked in the factory and this operations make the tile waterproof.
For making the tile adhesive with mortar, it will projected 5.1 to 2 mm.
The tiles with the sizes of 10x10 mm and 40x40 mm are wall tiles.
Besides, the other items can be pointed such as health applications like bath top, toilet
sink and so on which after glazing some operations will be done to make them light and
clean. Wall tiles at least have the thick of 6mm and at most 10 mm not to have
contraction. Tiles in 100 degree heat and immediately put into the water 20-18 degrees
in this part of the experiment is likely to crack.
Tiles baked at 1250- 1200 ° C and after the glaze, they re temperature 260 – 1100 ° C
Based on the quality and the number of moles (small holes) tiles classify as 1, 2 and 3.
l
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 3
9. Material that is used in manufacturing each tile is 6 soil types were as follows:
1) Kaolin is imported from Tabriz mine.
2) Feldspar that has two types itself ( fortune and steel) that each of them imported
from “Ardekan” mines.
3) Silica which imported from “Meybod” mine.
4) “Balcony” which imported from “Ardekan” mine.
5) Pirondit soil which imported from “Yazd” mine.
6) Elite soils which prepared from “Zard Kouh -Yazd” mines.
Before mixing the ingredients together each of them crush by means of crusher
machine and among the process larger particles becomes finer particles.
In order to the above notations and importance of accessibility to the mines there are so
many tile producing factories are established in the “Meybod” industrial town, so that
Tens of tile producing factories established in the area.
Ball mill supplier is a supplier with a Steel body and with a source of manufacturing co
has been a source of local coverage of the emerging “lanyari” brick or tire because to
prevent being eaten by the internal surface of ceramic balls and the source is, which is
the source of this capacity of alluvial and 30,000 liters, respectively.
Raw materials with the following percentage of the source will be in the mix with each
other:
1) 45% of the ceramic balls and alluvial
2) 38% water
3) 7% soil and raw materials
The explanation that they import the ceramic balls and alluvial materials to the ball mill
supplier to crush the basic materials to the small particles.
In order to make the diagnosis of the source material in the mixing time after time
during the initial manufacturing co spin, the material inside the device by the quality
control laboratory and field test are taken.
The diagnosis of this case it is a quality of 100 grams of the material removed from the
mesh No.3 and then weigh the residual material on mesh's measurement.
If this is the equivalent of 6 to 7 g weight of swirling and mix the adequate material and
if this is more than the weight of the rotation of the device has to continue to reach the
standard of material weight.
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 4
10. The materials inside the ball mill supplier be taken via under goround tubes to the ball
mill ponds and then pump and mesh by the mesh No.60.
And after this stage enter the pond drier spray and drier spray device is then.
The main task of this device is heating the previous materials and deliver the material‟s
moisture content to 6%, respectively.
The top part of the device indicate the temperature Viewer which consists of three
control device has a high temperature in each row the Viewer now shows each part,
And the lower part represents the maximum possible heating power for each part.
The first part indicates the temperature of the drier spray torch, the second part
indicates the temperature of the enclosure drier spray, and the third part represents the
output temperature.
Output soil of drier spray pond is taken by special pumps to the top of the furnace has
of drier and spray the soil by 6 nozzles at the source.
These nozzles spray the soil in the form of a fountain to the top of the kiln. As
temperatures inside the kiln, furnace by drier spray out from the output that comes with
additional soil within some of the exit temperature of kiln is also exit.
In order to prevent this matter some soil filters which called silicon are used. The quality
of the soil of this part is not good because the material is not the necessary grit and this
would cause the query in a timely manner to the soil, the air, and leave may suck.
At the end of this section this soil reverted back to the source but in some utilization of
factories because of the economic cost of soil along with others sent to the query area
and furthermore are used. It should be considered an advanced developing countries
such as in Italy and Spain soil preparation stages for the production of “Kashi – tile” are
done by other factories.
The out put soil of drier spray transfer to the silo by lifting device (in the form of cup).
Soil silo capacity is 50 tons and each factory use 4 soil silo in the production line.
To select the action to control part of the soil from the soil silos the estimated mean soil
moisture content reaches 6% .
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 5
11. 5
4
At this stage the soil enter to the pressing hopper by conveyor belts and after passing
through the accurate meshes enter to the casts.
The thickness of the soil layer in the pressing casts is 2 cm but after pressing process
It becomes 9 mm. The amount of force that presses the mold is between 200 to 220
Kg / pas that its value is determined by the soil laboratory.
At each stage of the two mold presses and presses its speed to 11 pairs of tiles per
minute.
Tiles that come out of the press device transfer to the drier device by press rollers.
Tiles posed around inside the drier for an hour and a half. The dryer temperature is
contain by quality control section but the specified temperature range is between 85 to
120 c that this temperature depends on the type of soil and type of the tile glaze.
The out put tiles of drier device is called biscuit!.
In some cases out put biscuits of drier device become two shelled that air is the reason
And that is because of:
1 The out put soil from the air filter (Silicon) is not desirable
2 creation of air bulbs through the soil particles in the press section
These airy biscuits isolated from the other biscuits and reverted back to the raw
materials section.
Isolated biscuits transfer to the glazing line by conveyor belt. Before spraying glazes on
tiles, another work is done on it as well, which include:
1- sweeping the surface of the tiles by means of a special machine.
2- sand blasting and aeration of the tiles
3- Splashing some water on the tiles to decrease their temperature
After doing the above steps we have two steps on the glazed tile and germination:
First step:
In this stage biscuit will enter to the Ingoup glazing cabin
Ingoup glazing has a formula consists of the body and the tile glazing materials which
uses as a cover or filler between the surface of the tile and the secondary glazing part.
The weight of used Ingoup glazing material for the tiles with size of 20x20 is about
15 – 17 grams.
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 6
12. - The weight applied on the other dimensions of the tile with the other and with the fit
between the dimensions of the tile with the tile 20 x 20 is a particular.
Second Step:
In this stage the bag along with the glaze color on the tile will be struck. Therefore, if the
secondary stage in glazed color printing shablone printing along with tile and struck by
is on.
-Three cab types to establish ingoup and enamel glaze on the surface there is biscuit:
1) Jet in which a second glaze is added to by the nozzle shall be biscuit.
2) included in the disc, in which the glaze is added to the per form is biscuit.
3) type Bell that to add the glaze of the tile are used for sacrifice.
Method of glazing:
In some parts of the glaze with a capacity of 3,000 to 10,000 manufacturing co/l is used
in these cases, the only porcelain balmin bullet is used and cannot be used in alluvial
bullet.
In the industry of tile depending on the type of use and the glazed tile used four types
of: 1- Opaque glaze 2- mate glaze 3- trans glaze 4- loumster glaze
-The glazed tile Organizer materials include: frit, silicate, zinc oxide, zirkunium,
feldspar, silica, calcium carbonate,Aluminium oxide-glazes for water in the oil, glycol
instead of printing is used and instead of an extension of the powder format is used
-Glazed tile at the stage of germination may be experiencing the disadvantages and
defects to be ashkalati that this so-called pin hole in the tile and, now, and the
disadvantages can be decreased through the following methods:
1) add water to the outside of the dryer biscuit
2) time interval between the birth of the glazed tile and ingoup glaze stage, which must
not be more than 8 seconds long..
If the tiles depending on the type they need to have it be printed on them, glazed tile
and after step into the device by the sticking device may be fixed and in the name of
experienced designers on the glazed tile adhesive in order to prevent the shablone
sticking when print on the tile.
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 7
13. It is a remarkable point of the material of shablones is a kind of special fabric. For
printing on tile there are two types of device are: 1) the equipment for quick printing
device, in which the machine must be after 1 day of use shablone is changed.
Called, Router 2) print device that is used in this device be shablone approximately a
few months use.
In the factory due to the diverse nature of the projects and its economical saving
printing (printing machinery is expensive router called) of equipment for quick printing
device is used.
After the printing process in order to prevent the roller sticking furnace to the tile below
level, use the formula that the name ingoup glazei hope it is included in most of the
magnesit, is used.
Then enter the rollermathic device manufactured by tile reserve capacity that each tile
will be manufactured in the reserve, from 70 to 8 square meters is tile.
The technical specifications of these kilns, that have longitudinal length of 86m and
transverse length of 2.5m and have 120 torches which 60 of them located in the top of
kilns and other 60 ones in the bottom, will come in the next part.
The tile kilns between cooking time 50-60 minutes, and furnace temperature of about
1150 to 1200 °c, that is, if a given temperature to tile to be high oblique shape tile is
broken.
After finishing out of the firing of the tile kilns, a small Jack of the pass if they are thick,
i.e. belonging tiles too is common to this Jack tiles broken and they are out of the
production line.
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 8
14. Tile classification is done by the operator and the operator's action is the basis for this is
the tile surface is seen if its surface is smooth and no apparent fractures form in the
corners of Venice, it is healthy that the tile as a degree will be considered in the tile. And
after that, on the basis of morphological forms in other destructions of them to grade 2
,3,4 and 5 and in some cases classification that nowadays any type of tile factory in
grade 5 are not packed.
The grading work of the tiles is the classification of tile with a SQL script on the tile lines
are oil and put them on the tile place for supporting the. type and degree is carried out,
it is a type of linear on any degree of tile could not be shared.
The tile which were ranked in the previous step, create a log that the machine
depending on the location, there were lines, tiles and separation from each other they
are categories so that each group of 10 tiles supplies for the tile be import categories,
packaging machines and devices made of cardboard and plastic base to protect tile on
it now.
Packed tiles are separated by operators of tile packaging and ready to be shipped to
the warehouse.
After the explanation of the overall production process of tiles we are going to talk about
the types of tiles in the next topic.
For making this type of tiles usually they used white tiles which have been exited from
the third baking kiln.
These tiles that have more decorative aspects have a very low latitude, but also on the
longitudinal size of the other tiles.
The difference between the floor tile and wall tile:
- The glaze of wall tiles are more glassy than floor tiles and the baking temperature of
them is higher.
- The percentage of water absorption for wall tiles in comparison with the floor tiles is
higher.
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 9
15. 3.1
In the process of Granit tile production, in the portion of soil pressing device, the
pressure amount of these devices are more and instead of glazing of the surface of the
tile they pulverized and so that the pigments on the tiles themselves use instead of
printing as their designing layout.
3.
This part of the task of control, tile factory, raw materials, glazes and other parts of the
factory is responsible for the control of all the above items daily to make sure that the
tile, being healthy and desirable products in the factory and increase the quality of
production.
Some of the tests which operate on tiles to make their quality under control:
1- Accurate dimension sizing of the tiles and comparing it with the sample
2- The color comparing of the tiles with the sample
3Tile wear testing
4Pilot Convex arc test
5- Color absorption test
6- Blob test
7- Heat shock test
3.
In this part of the factory by means of a couple of different tests try to produce the tiles
with the higher quality in terms of material, resistance, color, design, the kind of glaze
and nobility.
The production of the shablones with the new designs done in the laboratory as well.
When you start installing the tile in this case will be the first action of clay dough
preparation and modernizing it and this dough must be located near to the dough
worker in a special container, then by using of cement or sand or gypsum or well
grained clay prepare the mortar layer for the first layout of the tiles.
They put two tiles in both sides of the wall with the distance of 1cm from the wall then
connect a tiny rope from the top of it and fill the front part of the tiles with mortar, after
that put a steel flat bar on the tile and locate the other tiles in the back of element
respectively and control them by means of the rope.
Then fill the small empty boundaries between the tiles by cement slurry.
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 10
16. - Naderi, Hippocrates. "A brief about cooking and types of tile, tile factory". Volume 16,
no. 188 (may 57)
- Iranian UnicArts, Arash Soha
- Iranian Tile design and preparation Bulletin - Volume IX
- The role of Iran in the art of ornamental tiling – Akbar Pour Shirazi
- Iranian Tile Art – Reza Ispahani
- http://ketabnak.com/book/52755
- http://imemar.icivil.ir
Seven Color Tile - TURKEY Hejri Tile - IRAN
Moarraque Tile - IRAN Zarrin Faam Tile - IRAN
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 11
17. Fig01-The tile preparation process in the factory (infogram)
Fig03-tile production factory - IRANFig02-tile production factory - IRAN
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 12
18. Fig06- Quality control portion
Fig04-Raw materials preparation – Ispahan,IRAN
Fig05- Tile preparation process (infogram)
یرازلگلوسر :یهته 13