1. The document analyzes how financial literacy affects family property income in China based on data from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey.
2. The results show that financial literacy has a significant positive effect on family property income. Higher financial literacy is associated with higher property income.
3. Further analysis indicates that participation in financial markets plays an intermediary role, where financial literacy increases participation and thus positively impacts property income. The effect is greater for urban than rural families.
Budget Deficit and Economic Growth in Liberia: An Empirical InvestigationAJHSSR Journal
: This paper investigates the relationship between budget deficits and economic growth in Liberia.
The study employed: the Classical Ordinary Least Squares Technique (OLS); The Augmented Dickey Fuller
(ADF) and Phillip Perron unit root tests for stationarity; the Co-integration test using Engle-Granger Two-Step
procedure (EGTS); and a parsimonious Error Correction Model of the relationship between Budget deficit and
economic growth in Liberia. It is evident from the analysis that there exists a long run relationship between Budget
deficit and economic growth in Liberia. There also exists a positive and significant relationship between Budget
deficit and economic growth in Liberia. Therefore, a 1.0 percent increase in deficits will result in an increase of
approximately 0.42 percent in economic growth in Liberia. The study recommends that government, policy makers
and the monetary authorities should ensure an appropriate mix of monetary and fiscal policies such that would
deliberately and strategically maximize the growth potentials of deficits in Liberia.
JEL Classification : C2, E1, E2, O4, O5
KEYWORDS: Budget Deficit, Economic
A causality analysis of financial deepening and performance ofAlexander Decker
This study examines the causal relationship between financial deepening and economic performance in Nigeria from 1990-2013. Secondary data on gross domestic product (GDP), broad money supply (M2), market capitalization (MAC), and credit to the private sector (CPS) was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics. Unit root tests confirmed the variables were integrated of order one, or stationary after first differencing. The study aims to test for a long-run relationship between financial deepening and economic performance in Nigeria and investigate the direction of causality between the variables. The results will help inform government policies around manipulating the money supply and improving access to credit to facilitate economic growth and development.
A causality analysis of financial deepening and performance ofAlexander Decker
This study examines the causal relationship between financial deepening and economic performance in Nigeria from 1990-2013. Secondary data on gross domestic product (GDP), broad money supply (M2), market capitalization (MAC), and credit to the private sector (CPS) was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics. Unit root tests confirmed the variables were integrated of order one, or stationary after first differencing. The study aims to test for a long-run relationship between financial deepening and economic performance in Nigeria and investigate the direction of causality between the variables. The results will help inform government policies around manipulating the money supply and improving access to credit to facilitate economic growth and development.
This study seeks to evaluate the impact of public borrowing on economic growth in Nigeria using time series data from 1980 to 2018. Specifically, the study seeks to analyze the effect of domestic debt (proxy by Federal Government Bonds-FGB) and external debt (proxy by International Monetary Fund Loan-IMFL) on Nigerian’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). To achieve this objective, secondary data was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical bulleting and the Debt Management Office of Nigeria. A multiple regression model involving the dependent variable (GDP) and the independent variables (FGB and IMFL) was formulated and subjected to econometric analysis. These variables were adjusted with the Jarque-bera test of normality while the correlation result was used to check the possibility of multi-collinearity among the variables. The t-test was used to answer the research questions and test the formulated hypotheses at the 5percent statistical level. Results from the analysis show that a positive relationship exists between IMF Loan and Nigeria’s gross domestic product, while a negative relationship exists between FG Bonds and Nigeria’s gross domestic product, which violates the Keynesian theory of public debt. The study concludes that both domestic and external debt significantly affect economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended that public borrowing should be efficiently used and contracted solely for economic reasons and not for social or political reasons as this will help to avoid accumulation of debt stock over time.
An Empirical Study to Investigate the Reasons for the Increase in the Househo...Ehsan Dehghanizadeh
This paper investigates factors that affect household debt levels in Canada using a multiple linear regression model. Previous studies found GDP growth, housing prices, and unemployment and interest rates significantly impact debt levels. The study uses quarterly Canadian data from 2005 to 2014 to examine how GDP, housing prices, inflation, unemployment, and interest rates influence household debt as a percentage of GDP. It aims to determine the main drivers of rising Canadian household indebtedness and inform policy responses.
Modelling Efficacy of Average Age on Capital Investment Returns A Case of Ken...ijtsrd
Demographic changes have long been assumed to affect investment decisions. Little is known about the effectiveness of average age on capital investment. This study, therefore, sort to establish the efficacy of average age on capital investment as a percentage of GDP. The study used secondary data sources from the public website. Data analysis via SPSS utilized Pearsons correlation analysis, Analysis of Variance, and regression analysis. Pearsons correlation values is obtained as 0.294. ANOVA test revealed that F statistics was 9.735 and is higher than F critical, suggesting that average age is statistically significant in predicting capital investment. Regression analysis indicated that coefficient value is 15.074. The study concludes that average age negatively influence capital investment and is useful in predicting capital investment in Kenya. The study recommends an extension of the period under review and the addition of other demographic variables to add knowledge to the area. Ngina Ann Maureen Wangui | Weke Patrick Guge O. "Modelling Efficacy of Average Age on Capital Investment Returns: A Case of Kenya between 1965 and 2015" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55104.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/mathemetics/other/55104/modelling-efficacy-of-average-age-on-capital-investment-returns-a-case-of-kenya-between-1965-and-2015/ngina-ann-maureen-wangui
Government expenditure is a very instrumental demand tool in achieving economic stability and policy makers frequently use it to influence certain economic outcomes. Government expenditure majorly consists of two components: investment and consumption components. Many researchers concede that higher level of government consumption expenditure is growth retarding and therefore undesirable. The aim of this paper was to establish the economic determinants of government consumption expenditure in Kenya. The results showed that in the long-run, while 1USD increase in GDP causes USD1.3 increase in government consumption expenditure, a unit increase in inflation rate would cause USD1.8 increase in consumption expenditure. However, 1USD increase in foreign direct investment and external debt stock causes, respectively, USD 0.07 and USD 2.6 drop in government consumption expenditure. Corruption, democracy and political instability have positive effects on government consumption expenditure in Kenya. Urbanization and population dynamics jointly affect the variable in the short-run. This paper recommends that the government should strengthen its institutions that are mandated to deal with graft cases, create peaceful political setting at all times and ensure a friendly environment to foreign investors.
Budget Deficit and Economic Growth in Liberia: An Empirical InvestigationAJHSSR Journal
: This paper investigates the relationship between budget deficits and economic growth in Liberia.
The study employed: the Classical Ordinary Least Squares Technique (OLS); The Augmented Dickey Fuller
(ADF) and Phillip Perron unit root tests for stationarity; the Co-integration test using Engle-Granger Two-Step
procedure (EGTS); and a parsimonious Error Correction Model of the relationship between Budget deficit and
economic growth in Liberia. It is evident from the analysis that there exists a long run relationship between Budget
deficit and economic growth in Liberia. There also exists a positive and significant relationship between Budget
deficit and economic growth in Liberia. Therefore, a 1.0 percent increase in deficits will result in an increase of
approximately 0.42 percent in economic growth in Liberia. The study recommends that government, policy makers
and the monetary authorities should ensure an appropriate mix of monetary and fiscal policies such that would
deliberately and strategically maximize the growth potentials of deficits in Liberia.
JEL Classification : C2, E1, E2, O4, O5
KEYWORDS: Budget Deficit, Economic
A causality analysis of financial deepening and performance ofAlexander Decker
This study examines the causal relationship between financial deepening and economic performance in Nigeria from 1990-2013. Secondary data on gross domestic product (GDP), broad money supply (M2), market capitalization (MAC), and credit to the private sector (CPS) was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics. Unit root tests confirmed the variables were integrated of order one, or stationary after first differencing. The study aims to test for a long-run relationship between financial deepening and economic performance in Nigeria and investigate the direction of causality between the variables. The results will help inform government policies around manipulating the money supply and improving access to credit to facilitate economic growth and development.
A causality analysis of financial deepening and performance ofAlexander Decker
This study examines the causal relationship between financial deepening and economic performance in Nigeria from 1990-2013. Secondary data on gross domestic product (GDP), broad money supply (M2), market capitalization (MAC), and credit to the private sector (CPS) was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics. Unit root tests confirmed the variables were integrated of order one, or stationary after first differencing. The study aims to test for a long-run relationship between financial deepening and economic performance in Nigeria and investigate the direction of causality between the variables. The results will help inform government policies around manipulating the money supply and improving access to credit to facilitate economic growth and development.
This study seeks to evaluate the impact of public borrowing on economic growth in Nigeria using time series data from 1980 to 2018. Specifically, the study seeks to analyze the effect of domestic debt (proxy by Federal Government Bonds-FGB) and external debt (proxy by International Monetary Fund Loan-IMFL) on Nigerian’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). To achieve this objective, secondary data was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical bulleting and the Debt Management Office of Nigeria. A multiple regression model involving the dependent variable (GDP) and the independent variables (FGB and IMFL) was formulated and subjected to econometric analysis. These variables were adjusted with the Jarque-bera test of normality while the correlation result was used to check the possibility of multi-collinearity among the variables. The t-test was used to answer the research questions and test the formulated hypotheses at the 5percent statistical level. Results from the analysis show that a positive relationship exists between IMF Loan and Nigeria’s gross domestic product, while a negative relationship exists between FG Bonds and Nigeria’s gross domestic product, which violates the Keynesian theory of public debt. The study concludes that both domestic and external debt significantly affect economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended that public borrowing should be efficiently used and contracted solely for economic reasons and not for social or political reasons as this will help to avoid accumulation of debt stock over time.
An Empirical Study to Investigate the Reasons for the Increase in the Househo...Ehsan Dehghanizadeh
This paper investigates factors that affect household debt levels in Canada using a multiple linear regression model. Previous studies found GDP growth, housing prices, and unemployment and interest rates significantly impact debt levels. The study uses quarterly Canadian data from 2005 to 2014 to examine how GDP, housing prices, inflation, unemployment, and interest rates influence household debt as a percentage of GDP. It aims to determine the main drivers of rising Canadian household indebtedness and inform policy responses.
Modelling Efficacy of Average Age on Capital Investment Returns A Case of Ken...ijtsrd
Demographic changes have long been assumed to affect investment decisions. Little is known about the effectiveness of average age on capital investment. This study, therefore, sort to establish the efficacy of average age on capital investment as a percentage of GDP. The study used secondary data sources from the public website. Data analysis via SPSS utilized Pearsons correlation analysis, Analysis of Variance, and regression analysis. Pearsons correlation values is obtained as 0.294. ANOVA test revealed that F statistics was 9.735 and is higher than F critical, suggesting that average age is statistically significant in predicting capital investment. Regression analysis indicated that coefficient value is 15.074. The study concludes that average age negatively influence capital investment and is useful in predicting capital investment in Kenya. The study recommends an extension of the period under review and the addition of other demographic variables to add knowledge to the area. Ngina Ann Maureen Wangui | Weke Patrick Guge O. "Modelling Efficacy of Average Age on Capital Investment Returns: A Case of Kenya between 1965 and 2015" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55104.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/mathemetics/other/55104/modelling-efficacy-of-average-age-on-capital-investment-returns-a-case-of-kenya-between-1965-and-2015/ngina-ann-maureen-wangui
Government expenditure is a very instrumental demand tool in achieving economic stability and policy makers frequently use it to influence certain economic outcomes. Government expenditure majorly consists of two components: investment and consumption components. Many researchers concede that higher level of government consumption expenditure is growth retarding and therefore undesirable. The aim of this paper was to establish the economic determinants of government consumption expenditure in Kenya. The results showed that in the long-run, while 1USD increase in GDP causes USD1.3 increase in government consumption expenditure, a unit increase in inflation rate would cause USD1.8 increase in consumption expenditure. However, 1USD increase in foreign direct investment and external debt stock causes, respectively, USD 0.07 and USD 2.6 drop in government consumption expenditure. Corruption, democracy and political instability have positive effects on government consumption expenditure in Kenya. Urbanization and population dynamics jointly affect the variable in the short-run. This paper recommends that the government should strengthen its institutions that are mandated to deal with graft cases, create peaceful political setting at all times and ensure a friendly environment to foreign investors.
This document analyzes the impact of revenue allocation formulas on economic growth in Nigeria. It finds that past revenue allocation formulas have affected Nigeria's economic growth and development path. There is a need to address problems with more efficient revenue allocation to reduce wastage and mismanagement of funds. The revenue allocation formula influences capital formation, employment, and economic growth. Changes to Nigeria's internal structure through increased state creation have distorted the revenue allocation formula and weakened federalism. The objectives of the study are to examine how past revenue allocation formulas have impacted economic growth in Nigeria and propose solutions to problems in the formula to support rapid economic growth.
4.[30 39]long run relationship between private investment and monetary policy...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research journal article that investigates the long-run relationship between private investment and monetary policy in Nigeria from 1980-2009. It uses vector auto-regression techniques to test the relationship between private investment, GDP, money supply, and other factors. The results showed that money supply has a negative short-run impact on private investment, while GDP and other factors have a positive impact. In the long-run, all the variables became statistically significant. This implies that monetary policy in Nigeria has positively affected the growth of private investment and the economy over the long term. The document reviews several other studies on the relationship between financial development, private investment, and economic growth.
4.[30 39]long run relationship between private investment and monetary policy...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the long-run relationship between private investment and monetary policy in Nigeria from 1981 to 2009. The results of the vector autoregression model showed that in the short-run, money supply had a negative but insignificant impact on private investment, while GDP and other factors had a positive impact. However, in the long-run all variables became statistically significant, with money supply positively affecting private investment growth. This implies that monetary policy in Nigeria has positively influenced the growth of private investment over the long-run. The study concluded that private investment and monetary policy have been negatively related in the short-run in terms of money supply, but positively related based on GDP and other factors in the long-run.
11.long run relationship between private investment and monetary policy in ni...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the long-run relationship between private investment and monetary policy in Nigeria from 1981 to 2009. The results of the vector autoregression model showed that in the short-run, money supply had a negative but insignificant impact on private investment, while GDP and other factors had a positive impact. However, in the long-run all variables became statistically significant, with money supply positively affecting private investment growth. This implies that monetary policy in Nigeria has positively influenced the growth of private investment over the long-run. The study concluded that private investment and monetary policy have been negatively related in the short-run in terms of money supply, but positively related based on GDP and other factors in the long-run.
11.long run relationship between private investment and monetary policy in ni...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the long-run relationship between private investment and monetary policy in Nigeria from 1981 to 2009. The results of the vector autoregression model showed that in the short-run, money supply had a negative but insignificant impact on private investment, while GDP and other factors had a positive impact. However, in the long-run all variables became statistically significant, with money supply positively affecting private investment growth. This implies that monetary policy in Nigeria has positively influenced the growth of private investment over the long-run. The study concluded that private investment and monetary policy have been negatively related in the short-run in terms of money supply, but positively related based on GDP and other factors in the long-run.
The document discusses a study that investigated the link between remittances and economic growth in Ghana. It used Granger causality and cointegration tests to analyze the relationship. The results showed there is a unidirectional link where remittances lead to economic growth marginally, but not vice versa. Remittances were also found to promote household welfare and health. The study aimed to empirically examine the direction of causality between remittances and economic growth in Ghana.
Effects of fiscal policy on private investment and economic growth in kenyaAlexander Decker
Fiscal policy impacts private investment and economic growth in Kenya through several channels. A study using time series data from 1973 to 2009 found that fiscal policy affects investment, and investment plays a major role in determining economic growth. Specifically, budget deficits, government consumption, taxes, interest rates, foreign capital inflows, and public debt influence the level of private investment. The study recommends reexamining government spending to complement private investment, increasing credit to the private sector, and designing policies to address high public debt and budget deficits.
Financial development and economic growth in nigeriaAlexander Decker
The document discusses the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Nigeria. It analyzes previous literature on the topic which shows mixed findings on the direction of the relationship. The study aims to contribute new evidence on how financial development impacts economic growth in Nigeria using time series data and econometric modeling. Preliminary results suggest a long-run relationship between financial development indicators like bank credit and economic growth as measured by GDP. However, some variables like lending rates did not have the expected effect. The paper concludes with recommendations for policies to strengthen this relationship and foster growth.
Finding Optimal Proportion of Budgetary Sources to Fund Government ExpenditureIRJET Journal
This document discusses finding the optimal proportions of budgetary sources to fund government expenditure in Sri Lanka while preserving macroeconomic stability. It reviews literature on the relationship between budget deficits, debt levels, inflation, and economic growth. The study aims to use predictive time series models and optimization algorithms to determine the amounts of different budgetary sources (e.g. taxation, borrowing, money printing) over the next five years that satisfy inflation and debt sustainability targets, considering feasibility constraints. The optimal solution will help policymakers make informed decisions to address Sri Lanka's economic crisis and fiscal issues.
This document introduces a new dataset on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to fill gaps in cross-country SME data. The summary analyzes the dataset and finds:
1) Global SME lending is estimated to be $10 trillion, with 70% in high-income countries.
2) SME loans average 13% of GDP in developed countries and 3% in developing countries.
3) Differences in SME definitions across countries do not significantly impact cross-country comparisons of SME lending volumes.
This document summarizes a new dataset on small and medium enterprise (SME) lending across countries. It finds that many regulators collect SME financing data, though definitions vary. The estimated global SME lending volume is $10 trillion, with 70% in high-income countries. SME loans average 13% of GDP in developed countries and 3% in developing countries. While definitions differ, these differences do not significantly impact reported SME lending volumes.
Relative Potency of Internal and External Sources of Financing Nigerian Econo...iosrjce
The study is aimed at determining the relative potency of internal and external sources of financing
economic growth in Nigeria using time series data from 1983 to 2012. Ordinary least square regression method,
unit root test, Johansen cointegration test and error correction model were used for the purpose of analyses.
Gross national saving, internal debt, grants and foreign investment are stationary at level, gross domestic
investment at first difference and gross domestic product at second difference. From the over parameterized
ECM, none of the internal and external financing options is significant in explaining economic growth. In the
group of internal options, gross national saving, gross domestic investment and internal debt contribute
positively to growth in the short and long run, the only exception being gross national saving in the short run. In
the group of external options however, only grant contribute positively to growth in the long and short run.
Foreign direct investment appears like a wolf in sheep’s clothing given its long run negative impact. Finally,
growth is a decreasing and an increasing function of external debt in the short and long run respectively. It is
noteworthy that a very high constant coefficient implies that there are many factors that actually determine
Nigerian gross domestic product outside the model. While the variables of interest are theoretically expected to
play significant roles, they fail empirically. A comparison of the two modes shows that internal factors prove to
be more reliable in accelerating Nigerian economic growth.
China Financial Services Industry ReportEvan Clarence
The document provides an overview of opportunities in the Chinese financial services sector. It analyzes the growing Chinese middle class and notes that cultural factors have led the middle class to save more than spend. The financial services industry in China is still developing and lacks diversity in products for individual investors. There are opportunities for foreign firms to enter the market and better serve the needs of the large and growing middle class, especially in wealth management services. The document recommends that foreign firms establish operations to capture opportunities from China's rising middle class investors.
Public debt is intended to bridge the gap between domestic savings and investment. This paper examines the effect of public debt on economic growth in Bangladesh using autoregressive distributed lag bound testing approach to cointegration. It finds a negative relationship between public debt and economic growth both in the short-run and the long-run. That is, a significant rise in the public debt in Bangladesh appears to be a burden for the economic growth controlling for other determinants of growth. The findings suggest that funds obtained through public debt are not utilized in the productive economic avenues which may improve the growth scenario in Bangladesh. Also, the adverse effect exerted by public debt may further be responsible for a reduction in investment and slower growth of capital stock, which eventually can hamper the labour productivity growth in the country in long run.
The document summarizes a research paper that examines the causal effect of foreign aid on economic growth. It uses a quasi-experimental research design exploiting the income threshold used by the International Development Association (IDA) to determine aid eligibility. The study finds that crossing the IDA income threshold from below causes a significant reduction in total aid received on average. Analyzing 35 countries that crossed the threshold between 1987 and 2010, the study finds that a 1 percentage point increase in aid as a share of national income leads to an approximate 0.35 percentage point increase in annual per capita GDP growth. This effect is larger than past studies and suggests foreign aid has a statistically and economically significant positive impact on growth.
The study is on the effect of Net capital inflow on inclusive growth in Nigeria. This study seeks to deepen the understanding on how capital inflow creates opportunity for inclusive growth in Nigeria through increase in GDP per capita. The objective of the study were to : determine the effect of Net capital inflow , Net foreign direct investment and trade openness on inclusive growth in Nigeria. The study employed the time series data in its analysis. The period of analysis spanned through 1980-2015 and the dataset required for the analysis were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and National bureau of statistics publications. The study conducted trend analysis, descriptive analysis. The data were also tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analytical techniques, cointegration test and error correction mechanism. It was evident from the unit root test that the variables were fractionally integrated while the cointegration test reveals that long run relationship exists among the variables. The findings equally reveal that capital inflow exerts significant negative influence on GDP per capita. This could be attributed to the problem of managing external capital flows which has been sub-optimal in most developing economies including Nigeria. The implication of this finding is that the perceived benefits that are associated with capital inflows tend not to hold sway in Nigeria over the sampled period which may be attributed to institutional and governance failure. Owing to the findings, this study recommends for the adoption of investment friendly policies and ensure transparency and good governance, appropriate economic management practices capable of supporting reforms in the Nigerian financial system and guide international capital inflows to ensure that the associated economic turnarounds are people-centered.
An empirical test of the relationship between private savingsAlexander Decker
This study examines the relationship between private savings and economic growth in Kenya over time. It employs econometric techniques including cointegration and Granger causality tests to analyze long-run and short-run relationships using data from 1990-2013. The literature review discusses mixed findings from previous studies on the direction of causality between savings and growth. The study aims to test two hypotheses: 1) private savings cause economic growth, or 2) economic growth causes private savings in Kenya. The results will help inform government policies around promoting savings or growth.
An empirical test of the relationship between private savingsAlexander Decker
This study examines the relationship between private savings and economic growth in Kenya over time. It employs econometric techniques including cointegration and Granger causality tests to analyze long-run and short-run relationships between real GDP and household savings. The literature review discusses prior studies that have found various relationships between savings and growth, including evidence of savings-led growth, growth-driven savings, and bidirectional causality. The study aims to determine the direction of causality in Kenya in order to inform government policies regarding private savings and economic growth.
Socio-economic Impact of Remittance on Households: A Study on Khulna, Bangladeshiosrjce
Foreign remittance to Bangladesh now become one of the vital sources of foreign exchange earnings
and it also plays a significant role by reducing the foreign-exchange constraint and improving the balance of
payments, ensuring imports of various types of capital goods, and raw materials for industrial development.
Furthermore, it has also increased the supply of savings and investment for capital formation and development
in country’s economic condition and thus it accelerates economic development of a country. But this study
attempted to evaluate the impact of foreign remittances on socio-economic condition of households in Khulna
city. This paper uses various data of households of Khulna city to analyze the impact of foreign remittances on
the socio-economic condition of households. The results of this analysis were compared to those households
who do not receive remittances to clearly identify the decision of the households to spend remittances in
different sector. Unlike to other studies, this study reveals that households receiving remittances spend less on
food consumption, consumer durables and other consumer goods than do households who do not receive any
remittances. This study finds that households receiving remittances spend heavily on various investment
activities like land purchase, building construction, other investment activities and this investment constitutes
more than half of the remittances received during the last 12 months counted from August 2012 to July 2013.
This study also finds that households receiving remittances in Khulna city spend more on education than do
households having no remittances which is a good sign of any economy as investment in education is treated as
investment in human capital. However, this study also finds that foreign remittances help households to spend
more on social ceremonies, households’ services and electrical goods which indicate improved living standard
and socio-economic condition.
This document discusses a research thesis analyzing the relationship between social and economic development in Pakistan at the district level. It provides background on the concepts of social and economic development. The study uses data from Pakistan's Household Income and Expenditure Survey to examine relationships between economic ranks, literacy rates, and enrollment rates as indicators of development across districts in Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces. Descriptive analysis and correlation techniques are employed to analyze the data and relationships between social and economic development indicators.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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The document discusses a study that investigated the link between remittances and economic growth in Ghana. It used Granger causality and cointegration tests to analyze the relationship. The results showed there is a unidirectional link where remittances lead to economic growth marginally, but not vice versa. Remittances were also found to promote household welfare and health. The study aimed to empirically examine the direction of causality between remittances and economic growth in Ghana.
Effects of fiscal policy on private investment and economic growth in kenyaAlexander Decker
Fiscal policy impacts private investment and economic growth in Kenya through several channels. A study using time series data from 1973 to 2009 found that fiscal policy affects investment, and investment plays a major role in determining economic growth. Specifically, budget deficits, government consumption, taxes, interest rates, foreign capital inflows, and public debt influence the level of private investment. The study recommends reexamining government spending to complement private investment, increasing credit to the private sector, and designing policies to address high public debt and budget deficits.
Financial development and economic growth in nigeriaAlexander Decker
The document discusses the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Nigeria. It analyzes previous literature on the topic which shows mixed findings on the direction of the relationship. The study aims to contribute new evidence on how financial development impacts economic growth in Nigeria using time series data and econometric modeling. Preliminary results suggest a long-run relationship between financial development indicators like bank credit and economic growth as measured by GDP. However, some variables like lending rates did not have the expected effect. The paper concludes with recommendations for policies to strengthen this relationship and foster growth.
Finding Optimal Proportion of Budgetary Sources to Fund Government ExpenditureIRJET Journal
This document discusses finding the optimal proportions of budgetary sources to fund government expenditure in Sri Lanka while preserving macroeconomic stability. It reviews literature on the relationship between budget deficits, debt levels, inflation, and economic growth. The study aims to use predictive time series models and optimization algorithms to determine the amounts of different budgetary sources (e.g. taxation, borrowing, money printing) over the next five years that satisfy inflation and debt sustainability targets, considering feasibility constraints. The optimal solution will help policymakers make informed decisions to address Sri Lanka's economic crisis and fiscal issues.
This document introduces a new dataset on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to fill gaps in cross-country SME data. The summary analyzes the dataset and finds:
1) Global SME lending is estimated to be $10 trillion, with 70% in high-income countries.
2) SME loans average 13% of GDP in developed countries and 3% in developing countries.
3) Differences in SME definitions across countries do not significantly impact cross-country comparisons of SME lending volumes.
This document summarizes a new dataset on small and medium enterprise (SME) lending across countries. It finds that many regulators collect SME financing data, though definitions vary. The estimated global SME lending volume is $10 trillion, with 70% in high-income countries. SME loans average 13% of GDP in developed countries and 3% in developing countries. While definitions differ, these differences do not significantly impact reported SME lending volumes.
Relative Potency of Internal and External Sources of Financing Nigerian Econo...iosrjce
The study is aimed at determining the relative potency of internal and external sources of financing
economic growth in Nigeria using time series data from 1983 to 2012. Ordinary least square regression method,
unit root test, Johansen cointegration test and error correction model were used for the purpose of analyses.
Gross national saving, internal debt, grants and foreign investment are stationary at level, gross domestic
investment at first difference and gross domestic product at second difference. From the over parameterized
ECM, none of the internal and external financing options is significant in explaining economic growth. In the
group of internal options, gross national saving, gross domestic investment and internal debt contribute
positively to growth in the short and long run, the only exception being gross national saving in the short run. In
the group of external options however, only grant contribute positively to growth in the long and short run.
Foreign direct investment appears like a wolf in sheep’s clothing given its long run negative impact. Finally,
growth is a decreasing and an increasing function of external debt in the short and long run respectively. It is
noteworthy that a very high constant coefficient implies that there are many factors that actually determine
Nigerian gross domestic product outside the model. While the variables of interest are theoretically expected to
play significant roles, they fail empirically. A comparison of the two modes shows that internal factors prove to
be more reliable in accelerating Nigerian economic growth.
China Financial Services Industry ReportEvan Clarence
The document provides an overview of opportunities in the Chinese financial services sector. It analyzes the growing Chinese middle class and notes that cultural factors have led the middle class to save more than spend. The financial services industry in China is still developing and lacks diversity in products for individual investors. There are opportunities for foreign firms to enter the market and better serve the needs of the large and growing middle class, especially in wealth management services. The document recommends that foreign firms establish operations to capture opportunities from China's rising middle class investors.
Public debt is intended to bridge the gap between domestic savings and investment. This paper examines the effect of public debt on economic growth in Bangladesh using autoregressive distributed lag bound testing approach to cointegration. It finds a negative relationship between public debt and economic growth both in the short-run and the long-run. That is, a significant rise in the public debt in Bangladesh appears to be a burden for the economic growth controlling for other determinants of growth. The findings suggest that funds obtained through public debt are not utilized in the productive economic avenues which may improve the growth scenario in Bangladesh. Also, the adverse effect exerted by public debt may further be responsible for a reduction in investment and slower growth of capital stock, which eventually can hamper the labour productivity growth in the country in long run.
The document summarizes a research paper that examines the causal effect of foreign aid on economic growth. It uses a quasi-experimental research design exploiting the income threshold used by the International Development Association (IDA) to determine aid eligibility. The study finds that crossing the IDA income threshold from below causes a significant reduction in total aid received on average. Analyzing 35 countries that crossed the threshold between 1987 and 2010, the study finds that a 1 percentage point increase in aid as a share of national income leads to an approximate 0.35 percentage point increase in annual per capita GDP growth. This effect is larger than past studies and suggests foreign aid has a statistically and economically significant positive impact on growth.
The study is on the effect of Net capital inflow on inclusive growth in Nigeria. This study seeks to deepen the understanding on how capital inflow creates opportunity for inclusive growth in Nigeria through increase in GDP per capita. The objective of the study were to : determine the effect of Net capital inflow , Net foreign direct investment and trade openness on inclusive growth in Nigeria. The study employed the time series data in its analysis. The period of analysis spanned through 1980-2015 and the dataset required for the analysis were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and National bureau of statistics publications. The study conducted trend analysis, descriptive analysis. The data were also tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analytical techniques, cointegration test and error correction mechanism. It was evident from the unit root test that the variables were fractionally integrated while the cointegration test reveals that long run relationship exists among the variables. The findings equally reveal that capital inflow exerts significant negative influence on GDP per capita. This could be attributed to the problem of managing external capital flows which has been sub-optimal in most developing economies including Nigeria. The implication of this finding is that the perceived benefits that are associated with capital inflows tend not to hold sway in Nigeria over the sampled period which may be attributed to institutional and governance failure. Owing to the findings, this study recommends for the adoption of investment friendly policies and ensure transparency and good governance, appropriate economic management practices capable of supporting reforms in the Nigerian financial system and guide international capital inflows to ensure that the associated economic turnarounds are people-centered.
An empirical test of the relationship between private savingsAlexander Decker
This study examines the relationship between private savings and economic growth in Kenya over time. It employs econometric techniques including cointegration and Granger causality tests to analyze long-run and short-run relationships using data from 1990-2013. The literature review discusses mixed findings from previous studies on the direction of causality between savings and growth. The study aims to test two hypotheses: 1) private savings cause economic growth, or 2) economic growth causes private savings in Kenya. The results will help inform government policies around promoting savings or growth.
An empirical test of the relationship between private savingsAlexander Decker
This study examines the relationship between private savings and economic growth in Kenya over time. It employs econometric techniques including cointegration and Granger causality tests to analyze long-run and short-run relationships between real GDP and household savings. The literature review discusses prior studies that have found various relationships between savings and growth, including evidence of savings-led growth, growth-driven savings, and bidirectional causality. The study aims to determine the direction of causality in Kenya in order to inform government policies regarding private savings and economic growth.
Socio-economic Impact of Remittance on Households: A Study on Khulna, Bangladeshiosrjce
Foreign remittance to Bangladesh now become one of the vital sources of foreign exchange earnings
and it also plays a significant role by reducing the foreign-exchange constraint and improving the balance of
payments, ensuring imports of various types of capital goods, and raw materials for industrial development.
Furthermore, it has also increased the supply of savings and investment for capital formation and development
in country’s economic condition and thus it accelerates economic development of a country. But this study
attempted to evaluate the impact of foreign remittances on socio-economic condition of households in Khulna
city. This paper uses various data of households of Khulna city to analyze the impact of foreign remittances on
the socio-economic condition of households. The results of this analysis were compared to those households
who do not receive remittances to clearly identify the decision of the households to spend remittances in
different sector. Unlike to other studies, this study reveals that households receiving remittances spend less on
food consumption, consumer durables and other consumer goods than do households who do not receive any
remittances. This study finds that households receiving remittances spend heavily on various investment
activities like land purchase, building construction, other investment activities and this investment constitutes
more than half of the remittances received during the last 12 months counted from August 2012 to July 2013.
This study also finds that households receiving remittances in Khulna city spend more on education than do
households having no remittances which is a good sign of any economy as investment in education is treated as
investment in human capital. However, this study also finds that foreign remittances help households to spend
more on social ceremonies, households’ services and electrical goods which indicate improved living standard
and socio-economic condition.
This document discusses a research thesis analyzing the relationship between social and economic development in Pakistan at the district level. It provides background on the concepts of social and economic development. The study uses data from Pakistan's Household Income and Expenditure Survey to examine relationships between economic ranks, literacy rates, and enrollment rates as indicators of development across districts in Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces. Descriptive analysis and correlation techniques are employed to analyze the data and relationships between social and economic development indicators.
Similar to The Influence of Financial Literacy on Family Property Income (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD53863 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 1 | January-February 2023 Page 1265
2. Literature review
Tao Weirong believes that financial literacy is an
important factor affecting the family income of urban
and rural residents, and proves through empirical
research that financial literacy has a positive effect on
the total family income, wage income and property
income, and a negative impact on the family transfer
income [4]. Rooij et al. 's research shows that
financial literacy can promote family financial market
participation to a certain extent and increase family
income [5]. Hu Zhen et al. proved that financial
literacy can affect family decision-making, and higher
financial literacy is conducive to family wealth
accumulation [6]. Conversely, a lower level of
financial literacy will increase the probability of
family financial decision-making errors, resulting in
individual wealth loss [7]. Yin Zhichao also found
that financial literacy has a significant positive impact
on household wealth accumulation, and it plays a
greater role in promoting the wealth of families with
low wealth value than those with high wealth value,
thus helping to narrow the wealth gap between
families. Therefore, it encourages the strengthening of
financial knowledge education and training, and
speeds up the popularization of financial knowledge
[8]. Therefore, this paper believes that financial
literacy has an important impact on residents'
property income, and the specific effects and
influencing mechanism still need to be further
explored.
3. Research hypotheses and data sources
3.1. Research hypothesis
Based on the above analysis, the following
hypotheses are proposed:
Hypothesis 1: Financial literacy has a positive impact
on households' access to property income.
Hypothesis 2: Financial literacy increases the
probability of financial market participation, which
has a positive impact on property income.
3.2. Data sources
This paper mainly uses data from the 2019 China
Household Finance Survey (CHFS) released by the
China Financial Survey and Research Center of
Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,
which covers 29 provinces and 355 districts and
counties in China, and is highly representative. The
questionnaire includes the personal situation of family
members, family assets, family debts and family
income and expenditure,etc.,which provides more
comprehensive family financial information and data
needed for this study. Since the research object of this
paper is families, sample data of families are adopted,
and samples with household heads younger than 18
years old, outliers and missing values are excluded.
3.3. Model
In order to investigate the impact of financial literacy
on household property income, the regression
equation constructed in this paper is as follows:
Lnincome = β0 + β1 LITi + β2 Xi + εi (1)
Lnincome represent the logarithm of household
property income and Xi represent control variables
like gender.
3.4. Variable setting
3.4.1. Property income
The explained variable is resident property income. In
this paper, it is defined as whether there is property
income. Property income is the sum of house rental
income, shop rental income, cultivated land transfer
income, homestead rental income and financial asset
income. This paper adopts the comprehensive data of
questionnaire property income.
3.4.2. Financial literacy
Financial literacy is the core explanatory variable of
this paper. In this paper, Yin Zhichao [9], Zhang Ji et
al. [10] and Meng Hongwei et al. [11] have adopted
the construction method of financial literacy, and
adopted the iterative principal factor method in factor
analysis method to take the variance contribution rate
after factor rotation as the weight to construct the
comprehensive index of financial literacy. According
to the actual needs and the contents of the 2019
survey questionnaire of CHFS, data of 6 questions
including financial literacy were selected to construct
the core explanatory variables. The detailed values
are as follows:
1. High-return projects are usually accompanied by
high risks. Do you think this statement is correct?
Correct answers are given a value of 1 and
incorrect answers are given a value of 0.
2. Does your family have a stock account at present?
The answer is 1, no 0.
3. Does your family have a fund account at present?
The answer is 1, no 0.
4. Does your family have a bond account at present?
The answer is 1, no 0.
5. Assuming that the annual interest rate of the bank
is 4%, if I deposit 100 yuan for one year, how
much principal and interest will I get after one
year? Answers are given a value of 1 for correct
answers and 0 for incorrect answers.
6. Assuming that the annual interest rate of the bank
is 5% and the inflation rate is 3%, what will
happen to the things you can buy after depositing
100 yuan in the bank for one year? Answers are
given a value of 1 for correct answers and 0 for
incorrect answers.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD53863 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 1 | January-February 2023 Page 1266
Firstly, KMO test was conducted for 6 variables to
check the correlation between variables and
determine whether it is suitable for factor analysis.
The test result was that the comprehensive KMO
value of 6 variables was equal to 0.604, indicating
that it is suitable for factor analysis. Secondly, the
iterative principal factor method is used for factor
analysis, and the result of factor analysis is shown in
Table 1. Finally, three influencing factors with
eigenvalues greater than 1 were selected, and the
values of factor 1, factor 2 and factor 3 were used to
construct the score of family financial literacy.
Finally, the financial literacy index is calculated
according to the factor loading, and the index is
normalized to 0-1.
Table 1 Factor analysis results
Factor Variance Proportion Cumulative
Factor1 1.46049 0.2434 0.2434
Factor2 1.19708 0.1995 0.4429
Factor3 1.01822 0.1697 0.6126
Χ2
=9603.27 P=0
3.4.3. Household financial market participation
The question is asked differently from database to database, so the meaning of the metrics used for this variable
is not exactly the same across different databases. This paper refers to the definition of household financial
market participation by Wu Weixing [12], and uses "whether you participate in the stock market" as the index of
household financial market participation. If the answer "yes" is 1, the answer "no" is 0. Since stock is the most
common financial product in household financial market participation, the participation rate of stock market can
be used as an approximate indicator of household financial market participation.
3.4.4. Control Variables
The control variables were divided into household head characteristic variables, family characteristic variables
and regional characteristic variables. The characteristic variables of the household head include the gender, age,
education level and marital status of the household head. Family characteristic variables mainly include the
number of family members, total family income, total family assets and total household consumption
expenditure. The regional characteristic variable selected whether the surveyed households were located in rural
or urban areas and their distribution areas.
Table 2 Variable description
dimension variable Variable interpretation
Explained
variable
Income
Household property income, take the
logarithm
Actual income (yuan)
Do you think it is true that high profit
projects are usually accompanied by high risk
Right =1, wrong =0
Currently, do you have a stock account in
your family
Yes =1, no =0
Currently, does your family have a fund
account
Yes =1, no =0
Currently, do you have a bond account in
your home
Yes =1, no =0
Explanatory
variable
Financial
literacy
Suppose that the annual interest rate of the
bank is 4%, if I deposit 100 yuan for one
year, how much principal and interest will I
get after one year
Right =1, wrong =0
Suppose the annual interest rate is 5% and the
inflation rate is 3%. What happens to what
you can buy if you put100 yuan in the bank
for a year
Right =1, wrong =0
Control
variable
Householder
characteristics
Gender male=1, female=0
Age
Actual age (years) No
primary school=1, primary
and middle school level=2,
high school and technical
secondary school,
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD53863 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 1 | January-February 2023 Page 1267
Edu
vocational high school =3,
junior college, vocational
high school and bachelor's
degree=4, graduate and
above =5
Marriage
Married and remarried =1,
rest=0
Family
characteristics
Household size Actual head count
Total household assets, take the logarithm Actual assets (yuan)
Total household consumption expenditure,
take logarithm
Actual consumption(yuan)
Regional
feature
Whether the surveyed households live in rural
areas or urban areas The geographical
distribution of the surveyed households
Rural =1, urban =0 East
=1, central =2, West =3,
Northeast =4
4. Empirical analysis
4.1. Descriptive analysis
It mainly makes a descriptive analysis of the indicators to be used. Table 3 describes the sample number,
maximum value, minimum value, average value and standard deviation of the variables used in this paper, as
shown in the following table:
Table 3 Descriptive description of variables
VARIABLES Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max
LITi 32,034 0.0429271 0.0764416 0 1
lnincome 25,944 4.419432 3.255495 0 13.35688
gender 32,034 0.7524817 0.4315771 0 1
age 32,024 56.37316 13.63728 18 101
edu 32,034 2.165137 1.032703 1 4
health 32,034 3.256134 1.002345 1 5
marriage 32,034 0.8469751 0.3600171 0 1
party 32,034 0.1836486 0.3872034 0 1
familynumber 16,593 3.024408 1.514497 1 15
lnasset 32,034 12.74019 1.754753 0 21.465
lnconsump 32,034 10.84628 0.890001 7.080868 15.46824
rural 32,034 0.3518137 0.4775437 0 1
region 32,034 2.13726 1.040729 1 4
As can be seen from the table, the mean value of financial literacy is 0.04, indicating that the overall level of
financial literacy is low. Property income only considers families with an income of more than 0 yuan.
Demographic data shows that, from the aspect of gender, nearly 70% of the respondents are female, which is
more than men. The average age is 56 years old, the education level is relatively low, the health level is average,
and up to 80% are married. Household data show that the average size of the sample family is three people, with
a wide gap in assets and consumption.
4.2. Regression analysis
This paper shows the influence of financial literacy on household property income by gradually adding control
variables, as shown in Table 4. It can be seen from the empirical results that the significance level of family
financial literacy at 1% improves family property income, that is, the higher the level of financial literacy, the
higher the family's acceptance of financial investment products, the clearer the cognition of investment risk than
that of families with low financial knowledge, and the easier it is to obtain higher property income through
reasonable financial management and investment, which verifies hypothesis 1.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD53863 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 1 | January-February 2023 Page 1268
In terms of control variables, gender has no significant effect on property income in terms of personal
characteristics of household head. There is a U-shaped pattern between the age of the head of the household and
the property income of the household, possibly because the middle-aged are more experienced than the young
and have more energy to follow the movements of the financial markets than the elderly. Education level, health
status and marital status all have significant positive effects on family property income. In terms of family
characteristics, family size and family economic conditions are important factors affecting property income.
Property income is a kind of capital income. More capital is involved in the financial market, so it is more likely
to obtain more property income. In terms of family and regional characteristics, families located in the eastern
region have higher property income, mainly because the eastern region has a higher level of economic
development, its financial market is more fully developed than that of the western region, residents have more
diversified investment channels, providing more possibilities for residents to invest, and effectively promoting
the improvement of family property income.
Table 4 Influence of financial literacy on household property income (OLS)
VARIABLES
(1)
ln income
(2)
ln income
(3)
ln income
(4)
ln income
LIT 0.133*** 0.107*** 0.076*** 0.075***
(0.003) (0.003) (0.004) (0.004)
gender -0.042 0.080 0.051
(0.046) (0.061) (0.061)
age 0.025** -0.008 -0.004
(0.009) (0.012) (0.012)
age2 -0.000 0.000 0.000
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
edu 0.481*** 0.076* 0.086**
(0.022) (0.031) (0.031)
health 0.340*** 0.178*** 0.173***
(0.020) (0.027) (0.027)
marriage 0.525*** 0.211** 0.210**
(0.058) (0.078) (0.078)
party 0.164** 0.084 0.104
(0.051) (0.068) (0.068)
family number -0.150*** -0.151***
(0.019) (0.020)
ln asset 0.631*** 0.611***
(0.019) (0.019)
ln consump 0.237*** 0.233***
(0.037) (0.038)
rural 0.050
(0.063)
region -0.171***
(0.025)
Constant 3.834*** 0.021 -7.588*** -6.986***
(0.023) (0.280) (0.507) (0.527)
Observations 25,944 25,938 13,664 13,664
R-squared 0.091 0.130 0.203 0.206
*** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05
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4.3. Mechanism analysis
In order to further explore the mechanism role played by financial market participation as an intermediary
variable, the mediating effect between financial literacy and property income is verified based on the above
model. The results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Test results of mediating effect of financial market participation
VARIABLES
(1)
ln income
(2)
ln income
(3)
ln income
LIT 0.0747*** 0.0200*** 0.0698***
(19.96) (100.13) (15.36)
Market 0.283***
(1.91 )
Constant -6.986*** -0.244*** -6.920***
(-13.26) (-8.47) (-13.11)
Control Yes Yes Yes
R2 0.21 0.44 0.21
***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05
In Table 5, column (1) shows that financial literacy significantly increases household propertyincome; Column
(2) indicates that financial literacy has a significant impact on financial market participation; Column (3) shows
that under the combined effect of financial literacy and financial market participation, household property
income still increases. However, compared with column (1), the estimated coefficient decreases from 0.0747 to
0.0698, but is still significant at 1%, indicating that financial market participation plays an intermediary effect in
the relationship between financial literacy and household property income. In conclusion, financial literacy
influences household property income by promoting household participation in financial markets. Therefore,
hypothesis 2 is verified.
4.4. Heterogeneity analysis
Social environment and other aspects that may affect household wealth are income. Based on the literature
review and the above analysis results, this paper analyzes the heterogeneity of family financial literacy from the
perspective of urban and rural areas.
Table 6 Heterogeneity analysis of financial literacy
urban and rural
urban Rural area
LIT 0.0756*** 0.0645***
(19.07) (5.05)
Control Yes Yes
Constant 9912 3752
***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05
According to the results in Table 6, the impact of financial literacy on urban residents is significantly greater
than that of rural residents. The possible reasons are that the rural financial system is not perfect, the
development of the financial market is not perfect, the main channel for rural residents to obtain financial
property income is the bank deposit channel, the choice of financial products and investment channels is single,
which seriously restricts the increase of property income. In conclusion, due to the lagging development of rural
financial environment and land system, the impact of financial literacy on property income of rural residents is
less than that of urban residents.
4.5. Robustness test
In this paper, the financial knowledge variables calculated by the score summing method are analyzed for
robustness, and the test results are shown in Table 7. It can be found that financial knowledge is positively
correlated with urban household property income on the whole, and the correlation and significance of other
control variables are basically unchanged, so the empirical analysis in this paper can be considered robust.
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Table 7 Robustness test of financial literacy
VARIABLES
(1)
ln income
(2)
ln income
(3)
ln income
(4)
ln income
LIT 0.965*** 0.763*** 0.518*** 0.510***
(0.019) (0.021) (0.028) (0.028)
gender -0.064 0.074 0.043
(0.046) (0.061) (0.061)
age 0.032*** -0.003 0.000
(0.010) (0.012) (0.012)
age2 -0.000 0.000 0.000
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
edu 0.473*** 0.066* 0.078*
(0.022) (0.031) (0.031)
health 0.339*** 0.178*** 0.173***
(0.020) (0.027) (0.027)
marriage 0.525*** 0.206** 0.205**
(0.058) (0.078) (0.078)
party 0.176*** 0.092 0.112
(0.051) (0.068) (0.068)
familynumber -0.156*** -0.157***
(0.019) (0.020)
lnasset 0.640*** 0.619***
(0.019) (0.019)
lnconsump 0.241*** 0.238***
(0.037) (0.038)
rural 0.060
(0.063)
region -0.176***
(0.025)
Constant 4.379*** 0.274 -7.527*** -6.920***
(0.019) (0.282) (0.510) (0.529)
Observations 25,944 25,938 13,664 13,664
R-squared 0.086 0.124 0.200 0.202
*** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05
5. Conclusion analysis and policy suggestions
Based on 2019 data from the China Household
Finance Survey (CHFS), this study examines the
impact of financial literacy on household property
income. The conclusion is as follows: overall, the
level of financial literacy is low. The regression
results show that financial literacy can significantly
improve family property income. The results show
that household financial market participation plays an
intermediary role in the process of financial literacy
affecting property income. Heterogeneity analysis
shows that the impact of financial literacy on
residents' property income is different between urban
and rural areas, and the impact on urban residents is
significantly greater.
According to the above conclusions, the following
countermeasures are proposed:
First of all, we should improve people's financial
literacy and increase their understanding of financial
investment. Governments should use mass media
such as television, radio and the Internet to organize
financial education campaigns among the population.
Among them, we should focus on improving people's
financial knowledge level and investment awareness.
In terms of educational content, various forms of
financial education should be implemented, focusing
on strengthening financial risk education to help
people understand financial risks.
Second, deepen the reform of the financial market. In
order to promote the healthy development of the
financial market, effectively protect the interests of
investors and thus enhance the investment confidence
of citizens, reform the financial market, promote the
innovation of financial products, broaden the
channels for households to participate in the financial
market, and provide more opportunities for obtaining
property income. In the future, while promoting
financial development, attention should be paid to
popularizing basic financial knowledge to the public,
which is conducive to promoting families'
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participation in the financial market and improving
property income, so as to improve the welfare level of
families.
Finally, differentiated popular content is developed
according to different population characteristics.
Specifically speaking, more practical and targeted
publicity content should be developed based on the
differences in acceptance ability and financial needs,
so that all types of people can have access to their
own financial knowledge and skills. For example, for
the elderly group with low education in rural areas,
more attention should be paid to the content of stable
investment and financial fraud prevention.
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