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THE INCLUSIVE DEVELOPER
Daniela Damian
ECS-CAPI Chair in Inclusive Science, Technology and Engineering
University of Victoria
1ST CHASE WORKSHOP:
HUMAN FACTORS IN
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING!
2023
2008 2019
THE INCLUSIVE DEVELOPER
SOCIAL DEVELOPER
WHAT’S IN A NAME?
“we need to create better software to create a better society,
and
we need to create a better software world to create better software”
A. Serebrenik (Eindhoven University ofTechnology, Nov 2022),
on Social Software Engineering
SOFTWARE
DIVERSE
USERS
Photo by Steffen B. on Unsplash
INCLUSIVE
better software
for
a better society,
DESIGN
DEV
TEAM
better software world
for
better software”
SOFTWARE
DIVERSE
USERS
Photo by Steffen B. on Unsplash
INCLUSIVE
better software
for
a better society,
DESIGN
DEV
TEAM
better software world
for
better software”
Photo by Priscilla Du Preez on Unsplash
THE DIVERSITY
CRISIS
in
SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT
Photo by Christina @ wocintechchat.com on Unsplash
FOCUS ON
WOMEN IN
TECH
GENDER-
DIVERSETEAMS
Focus less on speed, more on
understanding the users
Produce more innovative
designs*
Bring empathy in the team and
software they build
Photo by Desola Lanre-Ologun on Unsplash
*e.g. Pretorius, et. al (2020): Combined Intuition and Rationality Increases Software Feature Novelty for Female Software Designers
Ostergaard et. al (2011): Does a DifferentView create something New?The Effect of Employee Diversity on Innovation
BEYOND GENDER-DIVERSITY
Photo Zinkenvych_D on Unsplash
DIVERSITY
ONLY ONE
SIDE OFTHE
EXPERIENCE
Photo by AllGo - An App For Plus Size People on Unsplash
Toxicity, racial discrimination and effect of
geographic location in OSS code contributions
Miller, et al. (2022):“DidYou Miss My Comment or What?" UnderstandingToxicity in Open Source Discussions. ICSE
Nadri, et. al (2020): Insights Into Nonmerged Pull Requests in GitHub: IsThere Evidence of Bias Based on Perceptible Race?
Furtado, et al (2020): How Successful Are Open Source Contributions From Countries With Different Levels of Human Development?
SOFTWARE
DIVERSE
USERS
DESIGN
DEV
TEAM
Photo by Steffen B. on Unsplash
DIGITAL DIVIDE
Photo by Ashkan Forouzani on Unsplash Photo by Ashkan Forouzani on Unsplash
END-USERS
ARE
DIVERSE
END-USERS
ARE
DIVERSE
and have diverse patters of
software use
LANGUAGE
GENDER
ETHNICITY
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
STATUS
PHYSICAL,
MENTAL
CHALLENGES
GEOGRAPHICAL
LOCATION
CULTURE AND SOFTWARE USAGE
Photo by Karthikeyan K on Unsplash
Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash
Photo by Eduardo Soares on Unsplash
INTERSECTIONALITY
Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash
Photo by Dave Lowe on Unsplash
Photo by Serhat Beyazkaya on Unsplash
Photo by Lala Azizli on Unsplash
INTERSECTIONALITY
Photo by Daniel van den Berg on Unsplash
SOFTWARE
DIVERSE
USERS
DESIGN
DEV
TEAM
Photo by Steffen B. on Unsplash
Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash
(DIVERSITY IN)TEAMS
Hard to relate to and understand
diversity in end-users*
Teamwork is a two-edge sword
How do we support diverse teams
to become inclusive?
*Grundy et al. (2023): ED&I and SE: challenges, progress and lessons
SOFTWARE
DIVERSE
USERS
DESIGN
DEV
TEAM
Photo by Steffen B. on Unsplash
Photo by lauren lulu taylor on Unsplash
IN PROCESS WETRUST
Sutcliffe et al. User-centered Requirements Engineering
Whittle et al. Value-based Software Engineering
Constanza
Chock
Design Justice - co-design with the user
Grundy et al. Augmented Reality for rests elicitation
Whittle et al. DesignThinking with Communities
- adaptive and adaptable systems for personal and
contextual requirements
Sutcliffe et al. (2005). Personal and Contextual Requirements Engineering
IN PROCESS WETRUST
Sutcliffe et al. User-centered Requirements Engineering
Whittle et al. Human Values and Agile Methodologies
Constanza
Chock
Design Justice - co-design with the user
Grundy et al. Augmented Reality for rests elicitation
Whittle et al. DesignThinking with Communities
Adaptations to agile methodologies to account for
human values:
- personas to include user values
- user journey maps guided by human values
- value champions
Hussain et al. (2021). How Can HumanValues Be Addressed in Agile Methods?
A Case Study on SAFe
Photo by Jason Goodman on Unsplash
IN PROCESS WETRUST
Sutcliffe et al. User-centered Requirements Engineering
Whittle et al. HumanValues and Agile Methodologies
Constanza-
Chock
Design Justice - co-design with the user
Grundy et al. Augmented Reality for rests elicitation
Whittle et al. DesignThinking with Communities
IN PROCESS WETRUST
Sutcliffe et al. User-centered Requirements Engineering
Whittle et al. HumanValues and Agile Methodologies
Constanza
Chock
Design Justice - co-design with the user
Grundy et al. Augmented Reality for reqts elicitation
Whittle et al. DesignThinking with Communities
Photo by Uriel Soberanes on Unsplash
Augmented Reality browser plugins to experience website
interaction for users with physical disabilities, autism, hearing,
visual impairments
Grundy et al. (2023): ED&I and SE: challenges, progress and lessons
IN PROCESS WETRUST
Sutcliffe et al. User-centered Requirements Engineering
Whittle et al. HumanValues and Agile Methodologies
Constanza
Chock
Design Justice - co-design with the user
Grundy et al. Augmented Reality for reqts elicitation
Whittle et al. Design Thinking in Social Software Engineering
design thinking in agile and participatory
approaches with communities for social change
Whittle, et al. (2015).The Role of DesignThinking and Physical Prototyping in
Social Software Engineering
EMPATHY-BASED METHODS IN OUR WORK
inspireuvic.org
KEY COMPONENTS
Competency building
Autonomy
Relatedness
4 Month Engagement (Paid internships)
Work with Non Pro
fi
t Orgs.
Training:
- EDI, technical, PM, stakeholder
interaction
Agile Development
Industry mentorship
DIVERSITY IN
OURTEAMS
GENDER 10 women, 12 men, 2 undisclosed
EDUCATIONAL
BACKGROUND
19 undergraduate, 5 graduate
Computer Science, Software
Engineering, Electrical Engineering,
Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical
Engineering, Physics, Chemistry and
Business
South-Asian, East-Asian, Black,Arab,
Hispanic, Indigenous, and White
ETHNICITY
INSPIRE PROJECTS
YOUTH
for
CLIMATE ACTION
INSPIRE PROJECTS
FIGHT HOMELESSNESS
FOR WOMEN+
WEBSITE FOR
COGNITIVELY
IMPAIRED PATIENTS
INSPIRE PROJECTS
DESIGNTHINKING
Understand: focus on gaining empathy for end user’s
pain points
Explore: generate solution ideas while avoiding
overly simplistic solutions
Prototype: iterative series of mockups to visualize
ideas
Evaluate: gather feedback on generated prototypes
Techniques: Empathy mapping (exploring pain points)
Hopes and Fears
Journey mapping
WORKING
WITH DIVERSE
USERS
YOUTH IN SCHOOLS
PARK VISITORS
COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATIONS
WOMEN AT RISK OF
HOMELESSNESS
BRAIN INJURY
PATIENTS
WORKING
WITH DIVERSE
USERS
TEAM
DESIGN
DIVERSE
USERS
INCLUSIVE
SOFTWARE ?
UNDERSTANDING
INCLUSION
Photo by AllGo - An App For Plus Size People on Unsplash
FairTreatment
Integrating Differences
Decision Making
Psychological safety
Trust
Belonging
Diversity
Based on Romansky, et. al, (2021) “How to measure inclusion in the worksplace”, Harvard Business Review
EMPATHY
“seeing with the eyes of another,
listening with the ears of another
and feeling with the heart of
another.”
– Alfred Adler
DESIGN
Empathy facilitates use of
techniques
DIVERSE
PERSPECTIVES
UNDERSTANDING
REQUIREMENTS
EMPATHY facilitates use
of DESIGN techniques
[in working with vulnerable end users]
… “I had no idea what to expect going
into a focus group with a bunch of people
that had faced homelessness and domestic
violence, and it was nothing I could have
prepared for. I just went in with an open
mind, and tried to put myself in their
shoes. Everything they suggested to me
completely contradicted what I had
assumed.”
DESIGN
Empathy facilitates use of
techniques
DIVERSE
PERSPECTIVES
UNDERSTANDING
REQUIREMENTS
EMPATHY in DESIGN
[in interviewing patients with acquired brain
injuries]… “the patients would forget
about our prototypes from interviews
the week prior. One lady loved our prototype
one week and six days later absolutely hated it.
At
fi
rst, we all took this really personally, we
were angry and upset. But the more we thought
about it, we decided to ask “what was she
experiencing this week that she wasn’t
experiencing last week?” Once we understood
that people with brain injuries have volatile
emotions, …
empathy really saved our asses,
because we were so close to throwing
away a totally good MVP until we
understood her”.
“we empathized with our client,
but also each other.We had to
comfort each other and
understand why we were all so upset
in order to realize with clarity that her
reaction was a result of a brain injury,
and not our platform”
TEAM
Empathy made them more
inclusive of each other
DESIGN
Empathy facilitates use of
techniques
COLLABORATION
COMMUNICATION
DIVERSE
PERSPECTIVES
UNDERSTANDING
REQUIREMENTS
DIVERSE
USERS
EMPATHY made the
TEAM more inclusive
of each other
TEAM INCLUSION
facilitates end-user
inclusion
[when interacting with youth]
“very nervous because I don’t have any
experience interacting with or engaging
kids, let alone getting information from
them to build an entire app. It was very
overwhelming.”
“I could tell [name] was very nervous,
and so I tried to step in and help
him because, think if it was so obvious
that he was nervous, it made the kids
nervous too”
TEAM
Empathy made them more
inclusive of each other
DESIGN
Empathy facilitates use of
techniques
COLLABORATION
COMMUNICATION
DIVERSE
PERSPECTIVES
UNDERSTANDING
REQUIREMENTS
DIVERSE
USERS
Team inclusion facilitates
end-user inclusion
TEAM
Empathy made them more
inclusive of each other
DESIGN
Empathy facilitates use of
techniques
DIVERSE
USERS
Team inclusion facilitates
end-user inclusion
INCLUSIVE
SOFTWARE
“seeing with the eyes of another,
listening with the ears of another
and feeling with the heart of
another.”
Photo by Deon Black on Unsplash
THE INCLUSIVE DEVELOPER
For Inclusive Software
IMPLICATIONS TEAM
DESIGN
DIVERSE
USERS
IMPLICATIONS TEAM
DESIGN
DIVERSE
USERS
IMPLICATIONS TEAM
DESIGN
STUDY AND SUPPORT INCLUSIVE TEAMS
- Education environments and frameworks (a la INSPIRE)
- Measures for inclusivity speci
fi
c to software teams
- Other factors in addition to EMPATHY, i.e. MOTIVATION
IMPLICATIONS TEAM
DESIGN
STUDY AND SUPPORT INCLUSIVE TEAMS
- Education environments and frameworks (a la INSPIRE)
- Measures for inclusivity speci
fi
c to software teams
- Other factors in addition to EMPATHY, i.e. MOTIVATION
Interplay with PERSONALITY/CULTURE
- risk avoidant individuals were more liked by the team
- more agreeable individuals positively impacted the team climate
IMPLICATIONS
DESIGN
DIVERSE
USERS
STUDIES OF DIVERSITY IN END-USERS
Known types of End-Users* include:
- Neuro-diverse, low literacy and technology pro ciency users
- Ageing and young end-users
- With values of transparency and honesty
DEVELOP Diverse USER PERSONAS
*From studies of Github discussions, app reviews and Stack Overflow
IMPLICATIONS
DESIGN
DIVERSE
USERS
STUDIES OF DIVERSITY IN END-USERS
Known types of End-Users* include:
- Neuro-diverse, low literacy and technology pro ciency users
- Ageing and young end-users
- With values of transparency and honesty
DEVELOP Diverse USER PERSONAS
*From studies of Github discussions, app reviews and Stack Overflow
IMPLICATIONS
DESIGN
PROCESS and TOOL SUPPORT (empathy-based RE and Design)
- Diverse user PERSONAS to inform reqts elicitation and design thinking
EMPATHY and Crowd-based Inclusive Requirements Engineering.
- Can online sessions be interactive?
- Automated (Chat bots) support to identify gaps in exploring diverse
end-user needs
- Elicitation techniques also suffer from the underrepresentation problem*
*Tizard et al. (2022).Voice of the users: an extended study of software feedback engagement
IMPLICATIONS
DESIGN
EMPATHY and Crowd-based Requirements Engineering.
- Can online elicitation methods be interactive? can we mine emotions?
- Automated (Chat bots) support to identify gaps in exploring diverse
end-user needs
- Elicitation techniques also suffer from the underrepresentation problem*
*Tizard et al. (2022).Voice of the users: an extended study of software feedback engagement
PROCESS and TOOL SUPPORT (empathy-based RE and Design)
- Diverse user PERSONAS to inform reqts elicitation and design thinking
IMPLICATIONS
DESIGN
DIVERSE
USERS
PROCESS and TOOL SUPPORT (empathy-based RE and Design)
- Diverse user PERSONAS to inform reqts elicitation and design thinking
EMPATHY and Crowd-based Requirements Engineering.
- Can online sessions be interactive?
- Automated (Chat bots) support to identify gaps in exploring diverse
end-user needs
- Elicitation techniques also suffer from the underrepresentation problem*
Interplay with PERSONALITY/CULTURE
- extroverted individuals made end-users feel more included
- individualistic cultures more openly interacted with end users
Photo by Deon Black on Unsplash
THE INCLUSIVE DEVELOPER
For Inclusive Software
THANKYOU!
danielad@uvic.ca
inspireuvic.org

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The Inclusive Developer.pdf

  • 1. THE INCLUSIVE DEVELOPER Daniela Damian ECS-CAPI Chair in Inclusive Science, Technology and Engineering University of Victoria
  • 2. 1ST CHASE WORKSHOP: HUMAN FACTORS IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING! 2023 2008 2019 THE INCLUSIVE DEVELOPER SOCIAL DEVELOPER WHAT’S IN A NAME?
  • 3. “we need to create better software to create a better society, and we need to create a better software world to create better software” A. Serebrenik (Eindhoven University ofTechnology, Nov 2022), on Social Software Engineering
  • 4. SOFTWARE DIVERSE USERS Photo by Steffen B. on Unsplash INCLUSIVE better software for a better society, DESIGN DEV TEAM better software world for better software”
  • 5. SOFTWARE DIVERSE USERS Photo by Steffen B. on Unsplash INCLUSIVE better software for a better society, DESIGN DEV TEAM better software world for better software”
  • 6. Photo by Priscilla Du Preez on Unsplash THE DIVERSITY CRISIS in SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
  • 7. Photo by Christina @ wocintechchat.com on Unsplash FOCUS ON WOMEN IN TECH
  • 8. GENDER- DIVERSETEAMS Focus less on speed, more on understanding the users Produce more innovative designs* Bring empathy in the team and software they build Photo by Desola Lanre-Ologun on Unsplash *e.g. Pretorius, et. al (2020): Combined Intuition and Rationality Increases Software Feature Novelty for Female Software Designers Ostergaard et. al (2011): Does a DifferentView create something New?The Effect of Employee Diversity on Innovation
  • 10. DIVERSITY ONLY ONE SIDE OFTHE EXPERIENCE Photo by AllGo - An App For Plus Size People on Unsplash Toxicity, racial discrimination and effect of geographic location in OSS code contributions Miller, et al. (2022):“DidYou Miss My Comment or What?" UnderstandingToxicity in Open Source Discussions. ICSE Nadri, et. al (2020): Insights Into Nonmerged Pull Requests in GitHub: IsThere Evidence of Bias Based on Perceptible Race? Furtado, et al (2020): How Successful Are Open Source Contributions From Countries With Different Levels of Human Development?
  • 12. DIGITAL DIVIDE Photo by Ashkan Forouzani on Unsplash Photo by Ashkan Forouzani on Unsplash
  • 14. END-USERS ARE DIVERSE and have diverse patters of software use LANGUAGE GENDER ETHNICITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS PHYSICAL, MENTAL CHALLENGES GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
  • 15.
  • 16. CULTURE AND SOFTWARE USAGE Photo by Karthikeyan K on Unsplash Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash Photo by Eduardo Soares on Unsplash
  • 17. INTERSECTIONALITY Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash Photo by Dave Lowe on Unsplash Photo by Serhat Beyazkaya on Unsplash Photo by Lala Azizli on Unsplash
  • 18. INTERSECTIONALITY Photo by Daniel van den Berg on Unsplash
  • 20. Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash (DIVERSITY IN)TEAMS Hard to relate to and understand diversity in end-users* Teamwork is a two-edge sword How do we support diverse teams to become inclusive? *Grundy et al. (2023): ED&I and SE: challenges, progress and lessons
  • 22. Photo by lauren lulu taylor on Unsplash IN PROCESS WETRUST Sutcliffe et al. User-centered Requirements Engineering Whittle et al. Value-based Software Engineering Constanza Chock Design Justice - co-design with the user Grundy et al. Augmented Reality for rests elicitation Whittle et al. DesignThinking with Communities - adaptive and adaptable systems for personal and contextual requirements Sutcliffe et al. (2005). Personal and Contextual Requirements Engineering
  • 23. IN PROCESS WETRUST Sutcliffe et al. User-centered Requirements Engineering Whittle et al. Human Values and Agile Methodologies Constanza Chock Design Justice - co-design with the user Grundy et al. Augmented Reality for rests elicitation Whittle et al. DesignThinking with Communities Adaptations to agile methodologies to account for human values: - personas to include user values - user journey maps guided by human values - value champions Hussain et al. (2021). How Can HumanValues Be Addressed in Agile Methods? A Case Study on SAFe Photo by Jason Goodman on Unsplash
  • 24. IN PROCESS WETRUST Sutcliffe et al. User-centered Requirements Engineering Whittle et al. HumanValues and Agile Methodologies Constanza- Chock Design Justice - co-design with the user Grundy et al. Augmented Reality for rests elicitation Whittle et al. DesignThinking with Communities
  • 25. IN PROCESS WETRUST Sutcliffe et al. User-centered Requirements Engineering Whittle et al. HumanValues and Agile Methodologies Constanza Chock Design Justice - co-design with the user Grundy et al. Augmented Reality for reqts elicitation Whittle et al. DesignThinking with Communities Photo by Uriel Soberanes on Unsplash Augmented Reality browser plugins to experience website interaction for users with physical disabilities, autism, hearing, visual impairments Grundy et al. (2023): ED&I and SE: challenges, progress and lessons
  • 26. IN PROCESS WETRUST Sutcliffe et al. User-centered Requirements Engineering Whittle et al. HumanValues and Agile Methodologies Constanza Chock Design Justice - co-design with the user Grundy et al. Augmented Reality for reqts elicitation Whittle et al. Design Thinking in Social Software Engineering design thinking in agile and participatory approaches with communities for social change Whittle, et al. (2015).The Role of DesignThinking and Physical Prototyping in Social Software Engineering
  • 27. EMPATHY-BASED METHODS IN OUR WORK inspireuvic.org
  • 29. 4 Month Engagement (Paid internships) Work with Non Pro fi t Orgs. Training: - EDI, technical, PM, stakeholder interaction Agile Development Industry mentorship
  • 30. DIVERSITY IN OURTEAMS GENDER 10 women, 12 men, 2 undisclosed EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 19 undergraduate, 5 graduate Computer Science, Software Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, Chemistry and Business South-Asian, East-Asian, Black,Arab, Hispanic, Indigenous, and White ETHNICITY
  • 34. DESIGNTHINKING Understand: focus on gaining empathy for end user’s pain points Explore: generate solution ideas while avoiding overly simplistic solutions Prototype: iterative series of mockups to visualize ideas Evaluate: gather feedback on generated prototypes Techniques: Empathy mapping (exploring pain points) Hopes and Fears Journey mapping
  • 36. YOUTH IN SCHOOLS PARK VISITORS COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS WOMEN AT RISK OF HOMELESSNESS BRAIN INJURY PATIENTS WORKING WITH DIVERSE USERS
  • 38. UNDERSTANDING INCLUSION Photo by AllGo - An App For Plus Size People on Unsplash FairTreatment Integrating Differences Decision Making Psychological safety Trust Belonging Diversity Based on Romansky, et. al, (2021) “How to measure inclusion in the worksplace”, Harvard Business Review
  • 39. EMPATHY “seeing with the eyes of another, listening with the ears of another and feeling with the heart of another.” – Alfred Adler
  • 40. DESIGN Empathy facilitates use of techniques DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES UNDERSTANDING REQUIREMENTS EMPATHY facilitates use of DESIGN techniques [in working with vulnerable end users] … “I had no idea what to expect going into a focus group with a bunch of people that had faced homelessness and domestic violence, and it was nothing I could have prepared for. I just went in with an open mind, and tried to put myself in their shoes. Everything they suggested to me completely contradicted what I had assumed.”
  • 41. DESIGN Empathy facilitates use of techniques DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES UNDERSTANDING REQUIREMENTS EMPATHY in DESIGN [in interviewing patients with acquired brain injuries]… “the patients would forget about our prototypes from interviews the week prior. One lady loved our prototype one week and six days later absolutely hated it. At fi rst, we all took this really personally, we were angry and upset. But the more we thought about it, we decided to ask “what was she experiencing this week that she wasn’t experiencing last week?” Once we understood that people with brain injuries have volatile emotions, … empathy really saved our asses, because we were so close to throwing away a totally good MVP until we understood her”.
  • 42. “we empathized with our client, but also each other.We had to comfort each other and understand why we were all so upset in order to realize with clarity that her reaction was a result of a brain injury, and not our platform” TEAM Empathy made them more inclusive of each other DESIGN Empathy facilitates use of techniques COLLABORATION COMMUNICATION DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES UNDERSTANDING REQUIREMENTS DIVERSE USERS EMPATHY made the TEAM more inclusive of each other
  • 43. TEAM INCLUSION facilitates end-user inclusion [when interacting with youth] “very nervous because I don’t have any experience interacting with or engaging kids, let alone getting information from them to build an entire app. It was very overwhelming.” “I could tell [name] was very nervous, and so I tried to step in and help him because, think if it was so obvious that he was nervous, it made the kids nervous too” TEAM Empathy made them more inclusive of each other DESIGN Empathy facilitates use of techniques COLLABORATION COMMUNICATION DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES UNDERSTANDING REQUIREMENTS DIVERSE USERS Team inclusion facilitates end-user inclusion
  • 44. TEAM Empathy made them more inclusive of each other DESIGN Empathy facilitates use of techniques DIVERSE USERS Team inclusion facilitates end-user inclusion INCLUSIVE SOFTWARE “seeing with the eyes of another, listening with the ears of another and feeling with the heart of another.”
  • 45. Photo by Deon Black on Unsplash THE INCLUSIVE DEVELOPER For Inclusive Software
  • 48. IMPLICATIONS TEAM DESIGN STUDY AND SUPPORT INCLUSIVE TEAMS - Education environments and frameworks (a la INSPIRE) - Measures for inclusivity speci fi c to software teams - Other factors in addition to EMPATHY, i.e. MOTIVATION
  • 49. IMPLICATIONS TEAM DESIGN STUDY AND SUPPORT INCLUSIVE TEAMS - Education environments and frameworks (a la INSPIRE) - Measures for inclusivity speci fi c to software teams - Other factors in addition to EMPATHY, i.e. MOTIVATION Interplay with PERSONALITY/CULTURE - risk avoidant individuals were more liked by the team - more agreeable individuals positively impacted the team climate
  • 50. IMPLICATIONS DESIGN DIVERSE USERS STUDIES OF DIVERSITY IN END-USERS Known types of End-Users* include: - Neuro-diverse, low literacy and technology pro ciency users - Ageing and young end-users - With values of transparency and honesty DEVELOP Diverse USER PERSONAS *From studies of Github discussions, app reviews and Stack Overflow
  • 51. IMPLICATIONS DESIGN DIVERSE USERS STUDIES OF DIVERSITY IN END-USERS Known types of End-Users* include: - Neuro-diverse, low literacy and technology pro ciency users - Ageing and young end-users - With values of transparency and honesty DEVELOP Diverse USER PERSONAS *From studies of Github discussions, app reviews and Stack Overflow
  • 52. IMPLICATIONS DESIGN PROCESS and TOOL SUPPORT (empathy-based RE and Design) - Diverse user PERSONAS to inform reqts elicitation and design thinking EMPATHY and Crowd-based Inclusive Requirements Engineering. - Can online sessions be interactive? - Automated (Chat bots) support to identify gaps in exploring diverse end-user needs - Elicitation techniques also suffer from the underrepresentation problem* *Tizard et al. (2022).Voice of the users: an extended study of software feedback engagement
  • 53. IMPLICATIONS DESIGN EMPATHY and Crowd-based Requirements Engineering. - Can online elicitation methods be interactive? can we mine emotions? - Automated (Chat bots) support to identify gaps in exploring diverse end-user needs - Elicitation techniques also suffer from the underrepresentation problem* *Tizard et al. (2022).Voice of the users: an extended study of software feedback engagement PROCESS and TOOL SUPPORT (empathy-based RE and Design) - Diverse user PERSONAS to inform reqts elicitation and design thinking
  • 54. IMPLICATIONS DESIGN DIVERSE USERS PROCESS and TOOL SUPPORT (empathy-based RE and Design) - Diverse user PERSONAS to inform reqts elicitation and design thinking EMPATHY and Crowd-based Requirements Engineering. - Can online sessions be interactive? - Automated (Chat bots) support to identify gaps in exploring diverse end-user needs - Elicitation techniques also suffer from the underrepresentation problem* Interplay with PERSONALITY/CULTURE - extroverted individuals made end-users feel more included - individualistic cultures more openly interacted with end users
  • 55. Photo by Deon Black on Unsplash THE INCLUSIVE DEVELOPER For Inclusive Software