THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CANADA
ABSTRACT
The study examines the determinants of economic growth in Canada over time, and finds out if there is any support for FDI-led growth hypothesis in Canada using simple regression analysis. To achieve this goal the study uses a model that is based on the Mankiw et al 1992 as theoretical foundation for the analysis in which they emphasized on human capital as an important variable for economic growth in addition FDI will be incorporated into their model as a variable capable of increasing physical capital as well as developing human capital and enhancing technological progress capable of stimulating economic growth. Using 11-year period of quarterly data.
INTRODUCTION
The rapid expansion of globalization marked by enhanced economic integration and trade liberalization has given rise to ever expanding investment around the world. The immense growth in the computer and telecommunications industries, and lowering of transportation costs has made it possible for each state of production to be located in any place that proves to be more conducive to efficiency. This situation has significantly increased the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world which has risen to the second highest level ever recorded in 2006. As a result, developed countries, developing countries, and transition economies all experienced growth in FDI inflows. However, among developed nations. FDI in Canada plunged during the period of 2002 – 2004(which is not covered by our data set) in manufacturing sector due to attrition and maintained a stunted latency in terms of global share of FDI (huffingtonpost 2013;the globe and mail 2010). Although major concentration of these investment was on manufacturing its deterioration by 13 percent from 2009 to 2009 drove investors to mining and oil and gas which increased by 10 percent by 2000 to 2009. Also the finance and insurance industries was not left out by investors which witnessed an increase of 1.4 percent by 2009 to 2009. FDI shares in other Canadian sector either witnessed an increase of 1.9 percent or more to date. Proponent of FDI emphasized that host country benefit from capital spillovers (Morris, 2008, p. 4.). Local firms are bound to benefit from technological changes brought by foreign investors to host country (Görg and Greenaway 2002) via technological imitation by domestic investors, skill acquisition from advanced technological use by domestic workers which can enhance domestic human capital while Opponent of FDI argues of possible future repatriation of capital in monetary terms to country of foreign investor (Morris, 2008, p. 4). This could also lead to unfair market competition with local investors whom lack sufficient capital and manpower to purchase or make use of advanced technology brought in by foreign investors which can oust them from market (Görg and Greenaway (2002, pp. 2-3)
OBJECTI.
New Evidence on the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in Emerging Ma...ijtsrd
The main goal of the current study is to investigate how conventional and institutional factors affect foreign direct investment in particular global emerging markets. The study specifically seeks to determine the impact of GDP Growth, Population Growth, Level of Inflation, Trade Openness, Voice and Accountability, Rule of Law, Control of Corruption, Political Stability, and Government Effectiveness which are institutional determinants on FDI Inflows towards the Global Emerging Markets. To approach the research question a panel regression analysis has been applied by leveraging annual data from 18 countries, namely Angola, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea and Vietnam. Findings show that inflation and GDP have a significant and positive effect on the FDI inflows, while Voice and Accountability is significant but negative towards the examined variable. Manolis I. Skouloudakis "New Evidence on the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in Emerging Markets: A Panel Data Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56212.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/economics/international-economics/56212/new-evidence-on-the-determinants-of-foreign-direct-investments-in-emerging-markets-a-panel-data-approach/manolis-i-skouloudakis
A Literature Review On The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment And...Audrey Britton
This document provides a literature review on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth. It discusses that while theories and studies have conflicting views on whether FDI boosts or hinders economic growth, most research finds that FDI can stimulate growth through technology transfers, productivity gains, and increasing capital stock and employment. However, some argue FDI may "crowd out" domestic investment or lead to external vulnerability. The document reviews several empirical studies that have found positive correlations between FDI and economic growth, technology diffusion, and domestic investment. Overall, it examines the complex debate around FDI's impact on host country economies.
Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Aid as Factors of GrowthNicolas Vander Meer
This document provides a literature review on foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign aid as factors of economic growth. The key points are:
1) Recent research shows that FDI can positively impact growth through productivity spillovers from technology and knowledge transfers, as well as supply chain linkages, which can create feedback loops that attract more FDI. However, the size of these effects is difficult to measure.
2) While older studies found no effect of foreign aid on growth, more recent work shows aid can boost growth when paired with good economic policies in recipient countries. However, aid is often misallocated and could reduce poverty even more if distributed efficiently.
3) The relationships between FDI, aid
Foreign Direct Investment and its Determinants: A Study on India and Brazilinventionjournals
International trade builds up through international factor movement (IFM). IFM means movement of labour, capital and other elements of production among different country. It occurs by three ways: first one is immigration or emigration, international borrowing or lending is second way and last one is foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI means controlling ownership of a business enterprise of one country is based on entity of another country. Investment through FDI depends on various factors namely Inflation Rate, Human Development Index (HDI), Global Terrorism Index (GTI), Global Peace Index (GPI), Unemployment, Population; Corruption Perception Index (CPI), Industrial disputes etc. Object of this present study is to identify the effect of these factors on FDI inflow for India and Brazil. Also identify the more important determinants for FDI of these two countries. Ten years data (2005 to 2014) have been used for determining the result of this study. Result reveals that there exist impact of sample factors on FDI Inflow between two countries but strength of different factors varies
Gross domisitic investment growth effeects on growth of some micro and macro ...Alexander Decker
1) The document investigates the effect of gross domestic investment (GDI) growth on the growth of micro and macroeconomic variables in Jordan from 1987-2012.
2) It uses quantitative econometric methods, including OLS regression, Tobit regression, and Prais-Winston analysis to analyze the relationship between GDI growth and GDP growth, inflation, exchange rate, labor force, and economic policy stability.
3) The results find proportional relationships between GDI growth and GDP growth and labor force growth, and inverse relationships between GDI growth and exchange rate changes and stability of economic policies.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The document discusses a study investigating the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in Pakistan from 1990-2006. The study uses a production function model including FDI, trade, domestic capital, labor, and human capital as independent variables affecting economic growth. The expected results are a statistically significant positive relationship between real per capita GDP and FDI in Pakistan. Policy recommendations could then be made regarding FDI in Pakistan based on the results.
Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in the West African States: A Panel Frameworkinventionjournals
This paper examines the impact of economic variables namely, foreign direct investment (FDI), investment, export, foreign aid and broad money supply on economic growth, approximated by gross domestic product (GDP)using annual data covering a period 1981-2008 on a group of West African countries. The impact of variables on GDP is estimated using three panel estimation models: pooled model (pooled), fixed effects model (FEM) and random effects model (REM). We explore the hypothesis that foreign aid can promote growth in developing countries. We test this hypothesis using panel data series,while the findings of previous studies are generally mixed, our resultsindicate that foreign direct investment has purely positive effects on economic growth in West African countries
New Evidence on the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in Emerging Ma...ijtsrd
The main goal of the current study is to investigate how conventional and institutional factors affect foreign direct investment in particular global emerging markets. The study specifically seeks to determine the impact of GDP Growth, Population Growth, Level of Inflation, Trade Openness, Voice and Accountability, Rule of Law, Control of Corruption, Political Stability, and Government Effectiveness which are institutional determinants on FDI Inflows towards the Global Emerging Markets. To approach the research question a panel regression analysis has been applied by leveraging annual data from 18 countries, namely Angola, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea and Vietnam. Findings show that inflation and GDP have a significant and positive effect on the FDI inflows, while Voice and Accountability is significant but negative towards the examined variable. Manolis I. Skouloudakis "New Evidence on the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in Emerging Markets: A Panel Data Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56212.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/economics/international-economics/56212/new-evidence-on-the-determinants-of-foreign-direct-investments-in-emerging-markets-a-panel-data-approach/manolis-i-skouloudakis
A Literature Review On The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment And...Audrey Britton
This document provides a literature review on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth. It discusses that while theories and studies have conflicting views on whether FDI boosts or hinders economic growth, most research finds that FDI can stimulate growth through technology transfers, productivity gains, and increasing capital stock and employment. However, some argue FDI may "crowd out" domestic investment or lead to external vulnerability. The document reviews several empirical studies that have found positive correlations between FDI and economic growth, technology diffusion, and domestic investment. Overall, it examines the complex debate around FDI's impact on host country economies.
Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Aid as Factors of GrowthNicolas Vander Meer
This document provides a literature review on foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign aid as factors of economic growth. The key points are:
1) Recent research shows that FDI can positively impact growth through productivity spillovers from technology and knowledge transfers, as well as supply chain linkages, which can create feedback loops that attract more FDI. However, the size of these effects is difficult to measure.
2) While older studies found no effect of foreign aid on growth, more recent work shows aid can boost growth when paired with good economic policies in recipient countries. However, aid is often misallocated and could reduce poverty even more if distributed efficiently.
3) The relationships between FDI, aid
Foreign Direct Investment and its Determinants: A Study on India and Brazilinventionjournals
International trade builds up through international factor movement (IFM). IFM means movement of labour, capital and other elements of production among different country. It occurs by three ways: first one is immigration or emigration, international borrowing or lending is second way and last one is foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI means controlling ownership of a business enterprise of one country is based on entity of another country. Investment through FDI depends on various factors namely Inflation Rate, Human Development Index (HDI), Global Terrorism Index (GTI), Global Peace Index (GPI), Unemployment, Population; Corruption Perception Index (CPI), Industrial disputes etc. Object of this present study is to identify the effect of these factors on FDI inflow for India and Brazil. Also identify the more important determinants for FDI of these two countries. Ten years data (2005 to 2014) have been used for determining the result of this study. Result reveals that there exist impact of sample factors on FDI Inflow between two countries but strength of different factors varies
Gross domisitic investment growth effeects on growth of some micro and macro ...Alexander Decker
1) The document investigates the effect of gross domestic investment (GDI) growth on the growth of micro and macroeconomic variables in Jordan from 1987-2012.
2) It uses quantitative econometric methods, including OLS regression, Tobit regression, and Prais-Winston analysis to analyze the relationship between GDI growth and GDP growth, inflation, exchange rate, labor force, and economic policy stability.
3) The results find proportional relationships between GDI growth and GDP growth and labor force growth, and inverse relationships between GDI growth and exchange rate changes and stability of economic policies.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The document discusses a study investigating the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in Pakistan from 1990-2006. The study uses a production function model including FDI, trade, domestic capital, labor, and human capital as independent variables affecting economic growth. The expected results are a statistically significant positive relationship between real per capita GDP and FDI in Pakistan. Policy recommendations could then be made regarding FDI in Pakistan based on the results.
Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in the West African States: A Panel Frameworkinventionjournals
This paper examines the impact of economic variables namely, foreign direct investment (FDI), investment, export, foreign aid and broad money supply on economic growth, approximated by gross domestic product (GDP)using annual data covering a period 1981-2008 on a group of West African countries. The impact of variables on GDP is estimated using three panel estimation models: pooled model (pooled), fixed effects model (FEM) and random effects model (REM). We explore the hypothesis that foreign aid can promote growth in developing countries. We test this hypothesis using panel data series,while the findings of previous studies are generally mixed, our resultsindicate that foreign direct investment has purely positive effects on economic growth in West African countries
This document summarizes a study that examined factors affecting foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to Ethiopia from 1990 to 2011. The study used a multiple regression model to analyze the relationship between FDI inflows as a percentage of GDP (the dependent variable) and five independent variables: market size, trade openness, inflation rate, infrastructure, and human capital. Time series data from 1990 to 2011 on these variables was obtained from the World Bank and analyzed. The findings showed that trade openness and inflation rate had a significant impact on FDI flows to Ethiopia, while no clear relationship was found for market size, infrastructure, and human capital.
Impact of openness, foreign direct investment, gross capital formation on eco...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of openness, foreign direct investment, and gross capital formation on economic growth in Kenya from 1960 to 2010. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze data from the World Bank. The findings showed that trade openness had a positive and significant impact on GDP growth. However, foreign direct investment and gross capital formation did not have a significant effect on GDP growth. The study recommends that policymakers in Kenya emphasize increasing trade openness to promote economic growth.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, particularly in the retail sector. It provides an overview of the history of FDI policy in India and reviews economic literature on the impacts of FDI. While FDI can potentially bring benefits like capital, technology, and efficiency, studies have found mixed results on its actual impacts. Some studies have found FDI has negatively impacted growth in developing countries by crowding out local firms or draining capital through profit repatriation. Overall, the literature suggests FDI's effects depend on factors like the sector and whether a country achieves a minimum threshold of human capital. Studies on India have also found limited positive impacts of FDI on growth, exports, and productivity
Fdi in india:An analysis on the impact of fdi in india’s retail sectorSubhajit Ray
The document discusses trends in foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It analyzes literature on the economic impacts of FDI and summarizes India's policies toward FDI over time. Key points include:
1) Studies have found mixed results on the economic impacts of FDI, with some finding benefits like technology transfer and others finding weak or negative spillover effects.
2) India initially had restrictive FDI policies but began liberalizing in the 1990s, allowing greater foreign equity ownership and automatic approvals in many sectors.
3) Actual FDI inflows to India have increased steadily since 1991 reforms, though growth has been slower than some other countries. In recent years India has gained a
To what extent foreign direct investment (fdi) affect in economic development...Alexander Decker
This document discusses research on the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on Pakistan's economic growth from 1975 to 2010. It finds that FDI has had a positive effect on economic growth in both the short and long run. The document reviews previous literature on the relationship between FDI and economic growth. It then describes the methodology used in the study, which analyzes the impact of FDI, reserves, inflation, and gross domestic savings on GDP. The results show that all variables are positively correlated with FDI and statistically significant. The conclusion is that FDI contributes to Pakistan's economic growth.
This document summarizes previous research on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth. Several studies have found that FDI positively correlates with growth only if the host country meets a minimum human capital threshold. This paper aims to build a theoretical framework incorporating this threshold and analyze potential policy actions. It reviews literature establishing the human capital threshold finding and discusses studies examining FDI's effects through technology spillovers and productivity/capital growth channels. The paper will develop a model based on Borensztein, De Greggario, and Lee's (1998) work and analyze how taxing foreign firms or subsidizing human capital formation could impact growth rates.
Foreign Investment and Its Effect on the Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Triang...iosrjce
Evidence abound about the registered increase in foreign investment inflows in recent years. While
proponents emphasize that these inflows could engender economic growth, critics express concern that there
could be destabilizing effect on the economy if not well managed. This study therefore, attempts to examine the
effect of foreign investments (disaggregated into foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment)
inflows on economic growth in Nigeria with a view to ascertaining the better contributor, using time series data
from 1987-2012. The OLS and the Granger causality procedures were employed in analyzing the data. The
result displays that both foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment have positive and significant
effect on economic growth though the partial correlation coefficients show that foreign portfolio investment is
the better contributor. Based on the result, government should pursue policies that encourage both foreign
direct investment and especially foreign portfolio investment.
The aim of this study is to examine the impact of international capital flows on the economic growth in Jordan during the period from 2005 to 2017, The study also examines trends and composition of capital inflows. The study used descriptive analytical research method which was appropriate for the purpose of research. By using time series data, the study found that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment (FPI), grants (Gr) and Worker remittances (WR) are positively affecting the economic growth direct contribution. Based on the research results, the study came with a several recommendations, the most important recommendation is; the government of Jordan should create and relax the rules and regulations to attract more investors, and also the government should work hand in hand with the developed countries to create economic and employment opportunities, improve the country’s competitiveness, and expand growth within the private sector so that everyone in Jordan has the opportunity to contribute to a brighter future.
This study analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade on labor productivity in 30 Chinese provinces from 1979 to 2006. It finds strong evidence that productivity in a given Chinese region is influenced by surrounding regions, indicating positive spatial autocorrelation. Additionally, FDI and trade are found to have positive and significant impacts on labor productivity and exhibit positive spatial spillovers among provinces. These findings are robust after accounting for spatial effects and alternative specifications.
This study aims to analyze the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on new job creation, and pays attention to factors interrelated to employment by using the case of Afghanistan. Using time series data form 2003 to 2017, this paper explore the driving forces and reduction potentials of employment in Afghanistan with consideration for dynamic changes within the traditional OLS and standardize OLS model. The results show that exchange rate plays a dominant role in increasing employment in Afghanistan. And exports and inflation rate plays a dominant role in decreasing employment in Afghanistan. All variables are co-integrated and the analysis of the impulse response function and variance decomposition turns out to be synchronous. Furthermore, in the short run export and inflation rate are more critical in reduction potentials of employment in Afghanistan. Policies should be advised to control inflation rate and illegal export and improve the investment projects to attract more FDI into the economy for quick adjustment purpose in case of the shock to the system.
The study is on the effect of Net capital inflow on inclusive growth in Nigeria. This study seeks to deepen the understanding on how capital inflow creates opportunity for inclusive growth in Nigeria through increase in GDP per capita. The objective of the study were to : determine the effect of Net capital inflow , Net foreign direct investment and trade openness on inclusive growth in Nigeria. The study employed the time series data in its analysis. The period of analysis spanned through 1980-2015 and the dataset required for the analysis were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and National bureau of statistics publications. The study conducted trend analysis, descriptive analysis. The data were also tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analytical techniques, cointegration test and error correction mechanism. It was evident from the unit root test that the variables were fractionally integrated while the cointegration test reveals that long run relationship exists among the variables. The findings equally reveal that capital inflow exerts significant negative influence on GDP per capita. This could be attributed to the problem of managing external capital flows which has been sub-optimal in most developing economies including Nigeria. The implication of this finding is that the perceived benefits that are associated with capital inflows tend not to hold sway in Nigeria over the sampled period which may be attributed to institutional and governance failure. Owing to the findings, this study recommends for the adoption of investment friendly policies and ensure transparency and good governance, appropriate economic management practices capable of supporting reforms in the Nigerian financial system and guide international capital inflows to ensure that the associated economic turnarounds are people-centered.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been seen as an important factor influencing economic growth directly and indirectly in both developed and developing countries. This study assesses the impact of FDI on growth in Ghana since the return to constitutional rule in 1993. The study uses time series data from 1993 to 2016. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lagged model (ARDL), the study finds a positive impact of FDI on growth both in the short-run and long-run. However, there is a lag period of two. The study equally finds that Gross Saving has a positive impact on growth. On the other hand inflation has a negative effect on growth both in the short and long run. The study also discovered that FDI granger causes growth but GDP does not granger cause FDI. Post-election years with incidence of political uncertainty slow down FDI inflow into Ghana. The study recommends the adoption of stringent fiscal and monetary policies to keep inflation low. It also recommends maintaining and improving the liberal market environment to attract investors, policies to encourage saving, and improving on political transitions to avoid uncertainties for investors.
Foreign capital flows depends on the prevailing monetary forces as supported by capital flows
theory and the mechanism linking these two variables is that contraction of net domestic assets through an
open market sale of bonds will place upward pressure on domestic interest rates. Higher interest rates attract
foreign funds, generating a capital inflow which relieves the pressure on domestic interest rates. Has this
actually happened? It is against this backdrop that the present study investigated the impact of monetary policy
on international capital inflows in Nigeria for a period of 22 years (1994-2015) using time series data. The
autoregressive distributed lag technique revealed that the short-run and long-run significant determinants of
foreign capital inflows are largely from broad money supply, nominal exchange rate, inflation rate and interest
rates spread except inflation rate that is insignificant in the long-run. This outcome upholds theoretical
prediction. Long-run equilibrium relationship was found between the dependent variable and the regressors.
Further examination of the short run dynamics of the model showed that the speed of adjustment coefficients
ECM (-1) to restore equilibrium have a negative sign and statistically significant at 1% level, ensuring that
long-run equilibrium can be attained and about 89% of the short-run deviation from the equilibrium (long-run)
position is corrected annually to maintain the equilibrium. Since the empirical evidence revealed that monetary
aggregates such as broad money supply, nominal exchange rate, inflation rate and interest rates spread
influence foreign capital inflows, it is therefore recommended that government should continue to pursue
expansionary monetary policy and foreign exchange policies that would ensure competitiveness of the
economy in order to attract the much needed foreign capital inflows that would engender economic growth.
Foreign direct investment environment and economic growthnakije.kida
Abstract: This paper examines the models of economic growth and the dynamic interaction between
models from the Solow Model to New Endogenous Models. Long-term relationship of these models
is noticed to have been related in terms of causality. Model comparisons were made to examine their
dynamics which is not as complex as reflected. Results that growth is led by endogenous or
exogenous factors are not verified to be absolute but relative. Results indicate that FDI affect the
economic growth in many developing countries, but there are also many cases (developed countries)
that show that economic growth has led to a long term increase of FDI flow. It is also verified that the
impact of FDI on the environment is relative, based on the fact that there are exogenous factors that
may affect the reduction of externalities. Causal link among FDI, economic growth and their impact
on the environment makes the endogenous models be analysed with the dynamics, through which is
shown best which is the “cause-consequence” factor, that causes gaps of concepts and practices in
economic growth and environmental concerns.
Tax Incentives and Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeriaiosrjce
Given the significance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to economic growth and the use of tax
incentives as a strategy among government of various countries to attract FDI, this study examines the influence
of tax incentives in the decision of an investor to locate FDI in Nigeria. Data were drawn from annual statistical
bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria and the World Bank World Development Indicators Database. The work
employs a model of multiple regressions using static Error Correction Modelling (ECM) to determine the time
series properties of tax incentives captured by annual tax revenue as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product
(GDP)and FDI. The result showed that FDI response to tax incentives is negatively significant, that is, increase
in tax incentives does not bring about a corresponding increase in FDI. Based on the findings, the paper
recommends, amongst others, that dependence on tax incentives should be reduced and more attention be put on
other incentives strategies such as stable economic reforms and stable political climate.
This document discusses the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the economic growth of transition economies. It begins by reviewing theories on the impact of FDI on growth and noting that empirical results have been varied. The paper aims to understand how FDI impacts growth in transition economies, taking into account factors like human capital, domestic investment, and political discretion. It develops an endogenous growth model framework and discusses literature showing that while early studies found FDI had negative effects, more recent work shows benefits through technology and skills transfer. The paper seeks to analyze the determinants of FDI in transition economies, including initial conditions, political stability, and human capital, and their influence on economic growth.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria (1977-2008) OLADAPO TOLU...dapoace
This document contains a literature review on foreign direct investment (FDI). It begins by defining FDI and discussing how FDI flows are compiled. It then reviews several theories on the determinants and impacts of FDI. Market size, trade openness, macroeconomic stability, and infrastructure development are identified as important determinants of FDI inflows. The literature suggests that while FDI can benefit economic growth, developing effective policies is important to maximize benefits and minimize risks for host countries like Nigeria.
Catalysts and barriers to foreign direct investment in ghanaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated factors influencing foreign direct investment (FDI) in Ghana. The study found that abundant natural resources, political stability, cheap labor, and growing markets encourage FDI in Ghana. However, poor ICT infrastructure, volatile exchange rates, unreliable energy and water supplies, and a poor road network inhibit FDI inflows. The document provides background on theories of how FDI impacts economic growth and reviews literature on determinants and barriers of FDI.
The House as a Symbol of Ones Self - this is a link - hover over .docxrtodd33
The House as a Symbol of One's Self
- this is a link - hover over the article and you can make it larger. This was a landmark article written in the 1970's. It is required reading in all housing courses even if it is old, it still applies. Enjoy!
Write a brief paper describing how you feel about the article. Did you agree with the article? Did you disagree with the article? Did you agree or disagree with certain parts of the article. Did the article encourage you to think about housing in a different light? Just describe to me your personal view of the article and the author. Then submit the paper to dropbox. Don't forget that this is a writing assignment that you will be graded on.
MAKE SURE YOU READ THIS(I'll mail to you) BEFORE YOU WRITE!
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The HU corporation has asked you to research and provide infor.docxrtodd33
The HU corporation has asked you to research and provide information on one streaming cipher. Perform the research and provide information on the selected streaming cipher that you would recommend.
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This document discusses research on the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on Pakistan's economic growth from 1975 to 2010. It finds that FDI has had a positive effect on economic growth in both the short and long run. The document reviews previous literature on the relationship between FDI and economic growth. It then describes the methodology used in the study, which analyzes the impact of FDI, reserves, inflation, and gross domestic savings on GDP. The results show that all variables are positively correlated with FDI and statistically significant. The conclusion is that FDI contributes to Pakistan's economic growth.
This document summarizes previous research on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth. Several studies have found that FDI positively correlates with growth only if the host country meets a minimum human capital threshold. This paper aims to build a theoretical framework incorporating this threshold and analyze potential policy actions. It reviews literature establishing the human capital threshold finding and discusses studies examining FDI's effects through technology spillovers and productivity/capital growth channels. The paper will develop a model based on Borensztein, De Greggario, and Lee's (1998) work and analyze how taxing foreign firms or subsidizing human capital formation could impact growth rates.
Foreign Investment and Its Effect on the Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Triang...iosrjce
Evidence abound about the registered increase in foreign investment inflows in recent years. While
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could be destabilizing effect on the economy if not well managed. This study therefore, attempts to examine the
effect of foreign investments (disaggregated into foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment)
inflows on economic growth in Nigeria with a view to ascertaining the better contributor, using time series data
from 1987-2012. The OLS and the Granger causality procedures were employed in analyzing the data. The
result displays that both foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment have positive and significant
effect on economic growth though the partial correlation coefficients show that foreign portfolio investment is
the better contributor. Based on the result, government should pursue policies that encourage both foreign
direct investment and especially foreign portfolio investment.
The aim of this study is to examine the impact of international capital flows on the economic growth in Jordan during the period from 2005 to 2017, The study also examines trends and composition of capital inflows. The study used descriptive analytical research method which was appropriate for the purpose of research. By using time series data, the study found that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment (FPI), grants (Gr) and Worker remittances (WR) are positively affecting the economic growth direct contribution. Based on the research results, the study came with a several recommendations, the most important recommendation is; the government of Jordan should create and relax the rules and regulations to attract more investors, and also the government should work hand in hand with the developed countries to create economic and employment opportunities, improve the country’s competitiveness, and expand growth within the private sector so that everyone in Jordan has the opportunity to contribute to a brighter future.
This study analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade on labor productivity in 30 Chinese provinces from 1979 to 2006. It finds strong evidence that productivity in a given Chinese region is influenced by surrounding regions, indicating positive spatial autocorrelation. Additionally, FDI and trade are found to have positive and significant impacts on labor productivity and exhibit positive spatial spillovers among provinces. These findings are robust after accounting for spatial effects and alternative specifications.
This study aims to analyze the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on new job creation, and pays attention to factors interrelated to employment by using the case of Afghanistan. Using time series data form 2003 to 2017, this paper explore the driving forces and reduction potentials of employment in Afghanistan with consideration for dynamic changes within the traditional OLS and standardize OLS model. The results show that exchange rate plays a dominant role in increasing employment in Afghanistan. And exports and inflation rate plays a dominant role in decreasing employment in Afghanistan. All variables are co-integrated and the analysis of the impulse response function and variance decomposition turns out to be synchronous. Furthermore, in the short run export and inflation rate are more critical in reduction potentials of employment in Afghanistan. Policies should be advised to control inflation rate and illegal export and improve the investment projects to attract more FDI into the economy for quick adjustment purpose in case of the shock to the system.
The study is on the effect of Net capital inflow on inclusive growth in Nigeria. This study seeks to deepen the understanding on how capital inflow creates opportunity for inclusive growth in Nigeria through increase in GDP per capita. The objective of the study were to : determine the effect of Net capital inflow , Net foreign direct investment and trade openness on inclusive growth in Nigeria. The study employed the time series data in its analysis. The period of analysis spanned through 1980-2015 and the dataset required for the analysis were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and National bureau of statistics publications. The study conducted trend analysis, descriptive analysis. The data were also tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analytical techniques, cointegration test and error correction mechanism. It was evident from the unit root test that the variables were fractionally integrated while the cointegration test reveals that long run relationship exists among the variables. The findings equally reveal that capital inflow exerts significant negative influence on GDP per capita. This could be attributed to the problem of managing external capital flows which has been sub-optimal in most developing economies including Nigeria. The implication of this finding is that the perceived benefits that are associated with capital inflows tend not to hold sway in Nigeria over the sampled period which may be attributed to institutional and governance failure. Owing to the findings, this study recommends for the adoption of investment friendly policies and ensure transparency and good governance, appropriate economic management practices capable of supporting reforms in the Nigerian financial system and guide international capital inflows to ensure that the associated economic turnarounds are people-centered.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been seen as an important factor influencing economic growth directly and indirectly in both developed and developing countries. This study assesses the impact of FDI on growth in Ghana since the return to constitutional rule in 1993. The study uses time series data from 1993 to 2016. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lagged model (ARDL), the study finds a positive impact of FDI on growth both in the short-run and long-run. However, there is a lag period of two. The study equally finds that Gross Saving has a positive impact on growth. On the other hand inflation has a negative effect on growth both in the short and long run. The study also discovered that FDI granger causes growth but GDP does not granger cause FDI. Post-election years with incidence of political uncertainty slow down FDI inflow into Ghana. The study recommends the adoption of stringent fiscal and monetary policies to keep inflation low. It also recommends maintaining and improving the liberal market environment to attract investors, policies to encourage saving, and improving on political transitions to avoid uncertainties for investors.
Foreign capital flows depends on the prevailing monetary forces as supported by capital flows
theory and the mechanism linking these two variables is that contraction of net domestic assets through an
open market sale of bonds will place upward pressure on domestic interest rates. Higher interest rates attract
foreign funds, generating a capital inflow which relieves the pressure on domestic interest rates. Has this
actually happened? It is against this backdrop that the present study investigated the impact of monetary policy
on international capital inflows in Nigeria for a period of 22 years (1994-2015) using time series data. The
autoregressive distributed lag technique revealed that the short-run and long-run significant determinants of
foreign capital inflows are largely from broad money supply, nominal exchange rate, inflation rate and interest
rates spread except inflation rate that is insignificant in the long-run. This outcome upholds theoretical
prediction. Long-run equilibrium relationship was found between the dependent variable and the regressors.
Further examination of the short run dynamics of the model showed that the speed of adjustment coefficients
ECM (-1) to restore equilibrium have a negative sign and statistically significant at 1% level, ensuring that
long-run equilibrium can be attained and about 89% of the short-run deviation from the equilibrium (long-run)
position is corrected annually to maintain the equilibrium. Since the empirical evidence revealed that monetary
aggregates such as broad money supply, nominal exchange rate, inflation rate and interest rates spread
influence foreign capital inflows, it is therefore recommended that government should continue to pursue
expansionary monetary policy and foreign exchange policies that would ensure competitiveness of the
economy in order to attract the much needed foreign capital inflows that would engender economic growth.
Foreign direct investment environment and economic growthnakije.kida
Abstract: This paper examines the models of economic growth and the dynamic interaction between
models from the Solow Model to New Endogenous Models. Long-term relationship of these models
is noticed to have been related in terms of causality. Model comparisons were made to examine their
dynamics which is not as complex as reflected. Results that growth is led by endogenous or
exogenous factors are not verified to be absolute but relative. Results indicate that FDI affect the
economic growth in many developing countries, but there are also many cases (developed countries)
that show that economic growth has led to a long term increase of FDI flow. It is also verified that the
impact of FDI on the environment is relative, based on the fact that there are exogenous factors that
may affect the reduction of externalities. Causal link among FDI, economic growth and their impact
on the environment makes the endogenous models be analysed with the dynamics, through which is
shown best which is the “cause-consequence” factor, that causes gaps of concepts and practices in
economic growth and environmental concerns.
Tax Incentives and Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeriaiosrjce
Given the significance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to economic growth and the use of tax
incentives as a strategy among government of various countries to attract FDI, this study examines the influence
of tax incentives in the decision of an investor to locate FDI in Nigeria. Data were drawn from annual statistical
bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria and the World Bank World Development Indicators Database. The work
employs a model of multiple regressions using static Error Correction Modelling (ECM) to determine the time
series properties of tax incentives captured by annual tax revenue as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product
(GDP)and FDI. The result showed that FDI response to tax incentives is negatively significant, that is, increase
in tax incentives does not bring about a corresponding increase in FDI. Based on the findings, the paper
recommends, amongst others, that dependence on tax incentives should be reduced and more attention be put on
other incentives strategies such as stable economic reforms and stable political climate.
This document discusses the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the economic growth of transition economies. It begins by reviewing theories on the impact of FDI on growth and noting that empirical results have been varied. The paper aims to understand how FDI impacts growth in transition economies, taking into account factors like human capital, domestic investment, and political discretion. It develops an endogenous growth model framework and discusses literature showing that while early studies found FDI had negative effects, more recent work shows benefits through technology and skills transfer. The paper seeks to analyze the determinants of FDI in transition economies, including initial conditions, political stability, and human capital, and their influence on economic growth.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria (1977-2008) OLADAPO TOLU...dapoace
This document contains a literature review on foreign direct investment (FDI). It begins by defining FDI and discussing how FDI flows are compiled. It then reviews several theories on the determinants and impacts of FDI. Market size, trade openness, macroeconomic stability, and infrastructure development are identified as important determinants of FDI inflows. The literature suggests that while FDI can benefit economic growth, developing effective policies is important to maximize benefits and minimize risks for host countries like Nigeria.
Catalysts and barriers to foreign direct investment in ghanaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated factors influencing foreign direct investment (FDI) in Ghana. The study found that abundant natural resources, political stability, cheap labor, and growing markets encourage FDI in Ghana. However, poor ICT infrastructure, volatile exchange rates, unreliable energy and water supplies, and a poor road network inhibit FDI inflows. The document provides background on theories of how FDI impacts economic growth and reviews literature on determinants and barriers of FDI.
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The House as a Symbol of Ones Self - this is a link - hover over .docxrtodd33
The House as a Symbol of One's Self
- this is a link - hover over the article and you can make it larger. This was a landmark article written in the 1970's. It is required reading in all housing courses even if it is old, it still applies. Enjoy!
Write a brief paper describing how you feel about the article. Did you agree with the article? Did you disagree with the article? Did you agree or disagree with certain parts of the article. Did the article encourage you to think about housing in a different light? Just describe to me your personal view of the article and the author. Then submit the paper to dropbox. Don't forget that this is a writing assignment that you will be graded on.
MAKE SURE YOU READ THIS(I'll mail to you) BEFORE YOU WRITE!
.
The HU corporation has asked you to research and provide infor.docxrtodd33
The HU corporation has asked you to research and provide information on one streaming cipher. Perform the research and provide information on the selected streaming cipher that you would recommend.
Identify the associated costs for the identified streaming cipher. Take into consideration the procurement costs i.e. software/licensing, implementation, configuring, and updating.
.
The Homework is an attached file, and the calculation has a website .docxrtodd33
The document discusses two attached files, one containing homework and the other containing a website for calculating freight costs from FedEx and UPS, with an example picture shown of the UPS freight calculation.
The hospice nurse sat with Anns husband, Ben. Ann was resting quiet.docxrtodd33
The hospice nurse sat with Ann's husband, Ben. Ann was resting quietly as the increased dosage of IV pain medication gradually reached its therapeutic level. Ben turned his head and slowly turned, looking out the room's only window. As he glanced up, a small flicker of light caught his breath. It was a shooting star. A tear fell from the corner of his eye and he turned to Ann. The nurse sensed that something significant to Ann and Ben was unfolding. Shuffling to Ann's bedside, he took her small fragile hand in his. These hands had rocked cradles, burped babies, and groomed the horses she loved to ride. Gently holding her hand, he turned to the nurse. "She would ride like the wind was chasing her." Looking back to Ann his voice broke; choking back tears "Ann, Ann I saw Jessie…Jessie is calling." Ben turned "Jessie was our daughter. She died having a baby that was too big. When she died it was a pitch-black night. Cold, so cold, the baby died too, a little boy, named him Abe, Jr. after Jessie's husband. I took Ann outside so she could cry to God above and there in this dark sky we saw two falling stars…together…just falling. We knew it had to be Jessie and Abe…two angels to light up the night." Ben turned back as a deep sigh escaped from Ann's lips. A soft smile remained as she joined Jessie and Abe.
Based on this case study how would the nurse actualize Parse's theory of Human Becoming?
What are characteristics of a human becoming nurse? What are strengths and weaknesses tothis theory of nursing?
What challenges exist for healthcare institutions to switch to this nursing approach?
How might Parse's understanding of transcendence guide the nurse, as Ann's death became a reality to Ben?
From the nursing theories we have discussed, what additional theory would you apply to this case study? Develop a plan of care to include both nursing theories (be specific and provide reasons)
The APA formatted paper should include 2 outside references and your book. The essay should be between 1250 and 1500 words in length.
.
The honeycreeper is a bird native to Hawaii. Its beak is especially .docxrtodd33
The honeycreeper is a bird native to Hawaii. Its beak is especially adapted to pollinate certain native plants. The Japanese white-eye is an invasive species that harbors a fungus that has no effect on the Japanese white-eye but is deadly to the Hawaiian honeycreeper. Which statement is most likely true?
A.The honeycreepers will adapt to the fungus.
B.Both the honeycreeper and the plants it pollinates will be in danger of extinction if the honeycreeper does not adapt to the fungus.
C.Birds in Hawaii will suffer a mass extinction.
D.Honeycreepers will suffer a mass extinction.
.
THE HOUSING MARKETGreat RecessionMortgage collapseHigh i.docxrtodd33
THE HOUSING MARKET
Great Recession
Mortgage collapse
High interest rates
Restricted supply of new homes
https://roselawgroupreporter.com/2015/05/freddie-mac-housing-markets-continue-to-get-better-ariz-among-most-improved/
In the course of the most recent decade, no occasion has impacted the housing market more than the worldwide financial downturn that started in December 2007. Amid this seismic financial move, alluded to as the Great Recession, many, if not the vast majority, confronted a bunch of uncommon challenges. The subprime contract crumple prompted numerous individuals losing their homes and monetary stagnation. Americans confronted money related debacle as the estimation of their homes dropped well underneath the sum they had obtained and subprime loan fees spiked. Month to month contract installments relatively multiplied in a few sections of the nation. Much of the time, borrowers were in reality better defaulting on their home loan advances instead of paying more for a home that had dropped sharply in esteem. Thus, home building saw a huge decrease, bringing about a confined supply of new homes for a consistently developing populace. The absence of supply and the expanded request saw the land condition transform into a vender's market. More individuals were currently pursuing less homes, which expanded home costs.
1
HOUSING PRICE INDEX
HOUSING PRICE INDEX
2011 THE AVERAGE PRICE WAS DOWN TO JUST 300K US DOLLARS
American housing market reform
Today’s average housing price index
The housing price index averaged around 378k us dollars in 2007, by 2011 the average price was down to just 300k us dollars.
During 2011, under the Obama administration, the American housing market reform was created. The housing market reform was created to increase the number of jobs for US citizens and help restore the housing market. Today, the average housing price index is back up to just over 400k.
2
Household income
2007 average household income
decrease in average household income
By 2011 the average household income dropped down to a little over 53k year
2016 average household income
The average household income for families were up before the market crashed. The decrease in average household income played it’s part in the housing market crash. The average household income in the US was around 58k per year in 2007, by 2011 the average household income dropped down to a little over 53k per year. In just two years (2013) the average household income was up to 55k a year and today the average household income is up to 59k per year.
3
Household income
Here is a depiction of the Household Income from 2007 to current.
4
3908339448398144017940544409094127541640420054237058149560765568354245534015333155214543985723059039
Year
Income
unemployment
Unemployment rate
Affects of unemployment to housing market
Current unemployment rate
In 2007 the unemployment rate was over 4 percent but due to the affects of the market crashing and.
The HITECH Act was incorporated into ARRA to promote the adoptio.docxrtodd33
The HITECH Act was incorporated into ARRA to promote the adoption and meaningful use of health information technology. Subtitle D of the HITECH Act, sections 13400–13424, addresses the privacy and security concerns associated with the electronic transmission of health information. It does so, in part, through several provisions that strengthen the civil and criminal enforcement of the HIPAA rules. (OCR, 2017)
Consider the following case from the course scenario on St. Michael's Medical Center.
Case I: The Blue Wall
Many patients and regulators have accused the hospital of neglecting its organizational responsibilities to respect patient rights. The hospital has established a so-called
blue wall
to withhold information and protect its employees. The administration and the ethics committee overseeing these ethical issues were accused of cover-up and making decisions that endangered vulnerable people. In most cases, the hospital has failed to meet its responsibilities to patients and to comply with regulations. Some of the violations are the following:
Employees have exposed patient information to unauthorized people.
Nurses have made unilateral decisions and ignored informed consent mandates.
Administrators have covered up instances of medication errors and failed to meet regulatory compliance regarding the handling, storage, and retention of medical records.
Visitors have found sensitive patient information in files left in hallways and on laptops left in patients' rooms. Mobile devices containing patient information that doctors have claimed were missing have been found lying around in public areas.
Few employees have done the right thing. Organizational lapses in policies and procedures occur at all levels.
As the newly hired chief executive officer (CEO), you have been asked to address these issues. You will make a presentation to help managers, supervisors, and general staff members to curb the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) violations in the following areas:
Communication
Secure storage of information
Retention of health information
Prepare a 15-slide PowerPoint addressing the following items:
What are 5 effective health information communication methods? What are the advantages and disadvantages of these methods?
What healthcare laws guide the sharing and delivery of health information among stakeholders? What type of health information could be shared and with whom?
What are the benefits of sharing patient health information? What current applications are available to share patient information?
What HIPAA mandates are about the disclosure of patient information, especially the Privacy and Security Rules?
What are the benefits of using social media applications for sharing health information? What limitations exist in sharing health information using social media applications?
What is the purpose of seeking patient consent to release medical records? What penalty exists for unauthori.
The homework is about theater production, Down Past Passyunk. Th.docxrtodd33
The homework is about theater production,
Down Past Passyunk.
The theater is required to be at Philadelphia, called
Adrienne Theater. The requirement of the review is about the production including descrption and analysis of the production. However, the stage set up and customes of the actors should be part of the eassy as well. The attachment that l provide is an example and you can use the information it gives. The format should be same with the attachment.
.
The HITECH (Health Information Technology for Economic Clinical Heal.docxrtodd33
The HITECH (Health Information Technology for Economic Clinical Health) provisions of the ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act) instruct the CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) to implement financial incentives and penalties encouraging adoption of EHR (Electronic Health Records) technology in medical practices and facilities.
Health safety, health costs and social change, are all driving forces for adopting electronic health records technology. Do you think financial incentives should be the primary driving force behind adoption of electronic health records? Why or why not? Explain your position.
.
The history of correctional institutions is well documented. Correct.docxrtodd33
The history of correctional institutions is well documented. Correctional institutions (jails and prisons) house individuals who are awaiting trial and serving both short- and long-term sentences. Correctional officers are responsible for the monitoring, treatment, and supervision of individuals who have been found guilty by a court of law.
For this assignment, we will take you inside a look at the "
Most Violent Prison 2016 - Part 1 - Maximum Security
."
Describe the main methods Sergeant Baldwin and his staff use to maintain order and safety in the prison. Take a position on the effectiveness, risks, pros and cons, and ethics of these methods.
Choose one (1) of the inmates profiled in this video--Terry Dibble, Simkayta Winfield, Jerico Jones, or Gregory Crowder--and discuss their situation. Explain how they ended up at Statefield, the main issues they described facing, and the methods they use to cope with their time in prison.
Discuss the effect you feel the presence of the active armed guards has on the violence level and overall safety within this prison.
Describe the issue of isolation in Statesville presented in this video and the effects connections and contact with outside visitors can have on the prisoners' mental status.
Identify at least two (2) issues that gay inmates here uniquely face. Identify at least one (1) method of protecting gay inmates against each of these identified issues.
Take a position on how you believe conditions at Statefield could be improved. Include at least two (2) specific actions that could be taken to improve conditions (e.g., security and safety, abuse and use of force, isolation, poor food quality, etc.). Provide a rationale for your position.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Summarize the current ethical issues faced by criminal justice professionals and the future of the criminal justice system.
Outline the major characteristics and purposes of prisons, including prisoners' rights and prison society.
.
The HOME Kit
Executive Statement:
“The H.O.M.E Kit” is a company that focuses on the inconveniences of moving into a new apartment or house for younger adults (primarily college students). We will focus on supplying the consumer with simple non-perishable goods that are often looked over when making a move. This service will ensure that when the consumer moves into their new living situation all of the small details will be taken care of. Our core goal as a company is to provide ease of mind to the consumer so they can focus on the more important things they need to get for the upcoming school year. EX: books, school supplies, food, furniture etc…Moving into an apartment or house for the first time can be very stressful at times and most college students are likely to miss out on some of the smaller details they forgot until they are finally moved in and go to look for something and it is not there. Recently the popularity of bundles or kits have become more apparent. For example, there are a wide array of services that offer pre made meals for people that find gathering all the ingredients and preparing the meal may take too long for someone with a busy life. We figured we would replicate this type of product but in the form of necessities needed when moving into a new college living situation. Young adults now are seeking the aspect of ease and simplicity so this product will align perfectly with that trend.
Situation Analysis:
H.O.M.E kit product is a bag filled with either cleaning tools or cooking tools. This is a new product in the market produced by our company that was founded in November 2019 in Delaware. The company’s goal is to put the basic essentials needed on moving day into the hands of new movers when they need them the most. The company expects to take advantage of an increasing demand and desire for easy and professionally packed essentials especially for students on their move-in day. Although there are other companies both large and small that compete in this market, our company has the expertise to create and market superior products that will appeal to its target market.
Internal Environment; Mission Statement, Organizational Culture and corporate culture:
H.O.M.E. mission statement is to meet the need and demand of the handiest and easily carried moving day essentials. H.O.M.E. organizational structure comprises of five young entrepreneurs who are its founders. Jack the founder and co-president, chief financial officer, Michael, Hannah sales manager besides Patrick who also advises on product development, Najma maintains the company relationships internally and externally. With innovation and creativity as the core corporate culture. The company’s beginning was based on a desire to provide a kit that includes all the essentials and it’s the company’s decision to consistently emphasize this mission.
Past and Current Marketing; Current products, current market, pricing and distribution:
Our H.O.M.E.
The history is important! Desmond says on the page prior that evic.docxrtodd33
The history is important! Desmond says on the page prior that evictions used to be rare, and they drew crowds. Riots erupted, there was community resistence to forced removal from housing. His transition to current times: now we have sheriff squads and moving companies whose sole purpose is to remove people from their homes. Recognizing this shift and how it happened is crucial!
This page brought us into the life of the landlord, and how difficult the job was financially if they were a small company working on their own. It also brings us into Sherrena’s head a bit, and why she was so ruthless.
I wanted to remember how Desmond showed us who Sherrena was. While initially I felt the vibe that she was going to be a “sympathetic character” in this narrative, it turned out she wasn’t as sympathetic as I thought. She was not suffering by any means.
I found the policy experiment description interesting and noteworthy. The Wisconsin Works program sounds dehumanizing at BEST, with pointless jobs and absurd requirements. The federal laws signed by Clinton are just as damaging. Sure Wikipedia isn’t a great source, but is good for an overview: the page on the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act during the Clinton administration is a great skim of the policy. The part about pushing for heterosexual child-rearing of two-parent households and reducing out-of-wedlock births is SUPER OFFENSIVE, especially given the rhetoric surrounding these additions of lazy sexual black women who just keep popping out kids.
These two pages describe Sherrena and her pretty crude behavior, in addition to the grossness that was the landlords convention.
I checked out this mobile home park on google maps just to see what it is like today, and if Google had historical images. It has definitely changed over the years! Some serious work went into making it prettier from the outside, from 2007, to 2018. The earliest view is 2007. Data is great for some things, eh??
I really want to remember this bottom part here. The way Arleen had assessed how she should talk to white people, and how she changed her behavior is super interesting! It uncovers a whole side to this story and to race relationships in general.
Often in the book I marked things as ”control” when they showed a sense of someone thinking or telling another person what they should or should not be doing with their money, their home, etc. Poverty comes with it a complete lack of autonomy, with public assistance sinking that to new lows. Everyone seems to have an opinion how someone SHOULD spend whatever little they may have, going so far as to create legislation about it.
And then the social implications of poverty. The stress of a hard life, and how it unfolds into personal relationships is important. Social connections and social capital are a source of support and elevation from struggle. By further breaking these apart, poverty pushes people deeper into its hold.
More evidence of control. People ask (.
The history of correctional institutions is well documented. Cor.docxrtodd33
The history of correctional institutions is well documented. Correctional institutions (jails and prisons) house individuals who are awaiting trial and serving both short- and long-term sentences. Correctional officers are responsible for the monitoring, treatment, and supervision of individuals who have been found guilty by a court of law.
For this assignment, we will take you inside a look at the "
Most Violent Prison 2016 - Part 1 - Maximum Security
."
Describe the main methods Sergeant Baldwin and his staff use to maintain order and safety in the prison. Take a position on the effectiveness, risks, pros and cons, and ethics of these methods.
Choose one (1) of the inmates profiled in this video--Terry Dibble, Simkayta Winfield, Jerico Jones, or Gregory Crowder--and discuss their situation. Explain how they ended up at Statefield, the main issues they described facing, and the methods they use to cope with their time in prison.
Discuss the effect you feel the presence of the active armed guards has on the violence level and overall safety within this prison.
Describe the issue of isolation in Statesville presented in this video and the effects connections and contact with outside visitors can have on the prisoners' mental status.
Identify at least two (2) issues that gay inmates here uniquely face. Identify at least one (1) method of protecting gay inmates against each of these identified issues.
Take a position on how you believe conditions at Statefield could be improved. Include at least two (2) specific actions that could be taken to improve conditions (e.g., security and safety, abuse and use of force, isolation, poor food quality, etc.). Provide a rationale for your position.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Summarize the current ethical issues faced by criminal justice professionals and the future of the criminal justice system.
Outline the major characteristics and purposes of prisons, including prisoners' rights and prison society.
.
The history of Ireland as well as issues that applyto America..docxrtodd33
The history of Ireland as well as issues that apply
to America. , e.g., persecution and prejudice, resilency in the face of all this, the motives for coming to the States, the abuse of religious and political power by those in charge [the Brits] in order
to tear down versus build up. Irish roots, the trouble they went through and how they migrated to the states. Also, what problems did they have with the churches here.
.
The HIM department at the county hospital is having problems control.docxrtodd33
The HIM department at the county hospital is having problems controlling the cost of release of information (ROI) expenses. The ROI personnel seems to spend a considerable amount of time searching and pulling files, copying, faxing, and mailing medical records. What are some possible reasons why so much time is being spent performing these tasks? What can the HIM director do to control the costs related to the ROI functions?
.
The Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) recently published inform.docxrtodd33
The Harvard School of Public Health published information on the role of diet and nutritional supplements during COVID-19. They examined the relationship between nutrition and immunity, and whether it is advisable for people to go on 'crash diets' during this time. They also explored the role of protein, carbohydrates, and fat for those infected with COVID-19, as well as which vitamins and minerals may help reduce respiratory infections. Finally, the publication discussed the importance of optimal nutrition for individuals with pre-existing conditions that weaken immunity.
THE HERO’S JOURNEY Joseph Campbell, an American mythol.docxrtodd33
THE HERO’S JOURNEY
Joseph Campbell, an American mythological researcher, wrote a famous book entitled The
Hero with a Thousand Faces. In his lifelong research Campbell discovered many common patterns
running through hero myths and stories from around the world. Years of research lead
Campbell to discover several basic stages that almost every hero-quest goes through (no matter
what culture the myth is a part of). He calls this common structure “the monomyth.”
George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars, claims that Campbell’s monomyth was the inspiration
for his groundbreaking films. Lucas also believes that Star Wars is such a popular saga because it
taps into a timeless story-structure which has existed for thousands of years.
Many followers of Campbell have defined the stages of his monomyth in various ways,
sometimes supplying different names for certain stages. For this reason there are many different
versions of the Hero’s Journey that retain the same basic elements.
THE ORDINARY WORLD
Heroes exist in a world is considered ordinary or uneventful by those who live there. Often
the heroes are considered odd by those in the ordinary world and possess some ability or
characteristic that makes them feel out-of-place.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: Dorothy in Kansas
The Hobbit: Bilbo Baggins in Hobbiton
Star Wars: Luke Skywalker on Tatooine
The Lion King: Simba at Pride Rock
THE CALL TO ADVENTURE
For heroes to begin their journeys, they must be called away from the ordinary world.
Fantastic quests don’t happen in everyday life. Heroes must be removed from their typical
environment. Most heroes show a reluctance to leave their home, their friends, and their life to
journey on a quest. But in the end they accept their destiny.
Usually there is a discovery, some event, or some danger that starts them on the heroic path.
Heroes find a mystic object or discover their world is in danger. In some cases, heroes happen
upon their quest by accident. Campbell puts it like this, “A blunder—the merest chance—reveals
an unsuspected world.”
The new world the hero is forced into is much different than the old one. Campbell describes
this new world as a “fateful region of both treasure and danger…a distant land, a forest, a
kingdom underground, beneath the waves, or above the sky, a secret island, lofty mountaintop,
or profound dream state…a place of strangely fluid and polymorphous beings, unimaginable
torments, superhuman deeds, and impossible delight”. This description may seem pretty vague,
but think of all the various fantasy realms characters have entered throughout the years:
Middle-Earth, Oz, Narnia, Wonderland. It could even be outer space, a
haunted house, or the Matrix. Regardless of the details, the new world is sure to be filled with
adventure.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: The tornado
The Hobbit: Gandalf the wizard arrives
Star.
The Heart of Darkness is one of the great literary criticisms of I.docxrtodd33
The Heart of Darkness is
one of the great literary criticisms of Imperialism in Africa. Marlow, the main character, is originally fascinated by the possibilities that exploring Africa has to offer a young man seeking his fortune and a name for himself, but he later becomes disillusioned with the process. Discuss why Marlow originally had faith in Imperialism, but then came to regret his participation in it.
.
The history and evolution of the early childhood field provides such.docxrtodd33
The history and evolution of the early childhood field provides such critical information about the origins of the field—shaping our understanding of present and evolving contexts. What are you most interested in learning more about within this competency?
Competency Description: The early childhood field has a long and rich history. Since young children’s development is multi-faceted, the historical influences come from not only child development and education, but also medicine, psychology, and sociology. Each of these historical contexts has contributed to the current knowledge base in the field. By understanding the history of the field and its evolution, early childhood professionals can better explore new ways to contribute to the field.
.
The HeroSymbolic Vitality Our deepest fe.docxrtodd33
The Hero:
Symbolic Vitality
Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us. Your playing small does not serve the world. There is nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people won't feel insecure around you. We are all meant to shine as children do. It's not just in some of us; it is in everyone. And as we let our own lights shine, we unconsciously give other people permission to do the same. As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others.
(Coach Carter)
The Adventure
A Hero ventures forth from the world of the common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from the mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man (J. Campbell, H1K, 30)
Separation:
In the call and separation, the hero’s activity must be directed toward some goal outside him/herself to lead to his/her authentic wholeness.
The Call:
“The journey always begins here. The call is to leave a certain social situation, move into your loneliness and find the jewel, the center that’s impossible to find when you are socially engaged” (J. Campbell)
We are off center in the social. We define ourselves through external criteria, expectations, contexts.
Initiation:
The Battles.
The passage over and through these thresholds is a kind of self-annihilation, either inward or outward, a contest between contradictory forces within the self which the hero must face before he can perform his life renewing act.
The Temptations at the Threshold
JesusEconomic: power over othersPolitical: power over othersSpiritual (when ideology becomes dogma): power over God.
BuddhaLust (desire): personalFear: personalSocial Duty (do what you are told): social
In these struggles, the hero comes to wholeness and a new relationship to the world and is made suitable for his role within the culture.
These struggles/trials/temptations are where to gain yourself, you must lose the self you have come to cling to as “yourself.”
This is the giving up of what you planned for yourself in order to embrace what has been waiting for you.
“Psychologically, it’s a shift into the unconsciousness, otherwise, it’s a move into the filed of action of which you know nothing.” (J. Campbell)
The result of these trials may be favorable or unfavorable. It depends on your reasons/your purpose.
The Return:
“The Hero has died a modern man; but as eternal man—perfected, unspecific, universal man—he has been reborn. His second solemn task and deed therefore is to return to us, transfigured, and teach the lessons he has learned of life renewed.”
(J. Campbell, H1K, 20)
The hero winds up where he/she began, but is transfigured and posses boons to bestow upon his fellowman.
In Sum:
“Where we had thought to slay another, we .
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CANA.docx
1. THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON
ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CANADA
ABSTRACT
The study examines the determinants of economic growth in
Canada over time, and finds out if there is any support for FDI-
led growth hypothesis in Canada using simple regression
analysis. To achieve this goal the study uses a model that is
based on the Mankiw et al 1992 as theoretical foundation for the
analysis in which they emphasized on human capital as an
important variable for economic growth in addition FDI will be
incorporated into their model as a variable capable of increasing
physical capital as well as developing human capital and
enhancing technological progress capable of stimulating
economic growth. Using 11-year period of quarterly data.
2. INTRODUCTION
The rapid expansion of globalization marked by enhanced
economic integration and trade liberalization has given rise to
ever expanding investment around the world. The immense
growth in the computer and telecommunications industries, and
lowering of transportation costs has made it possible for each
state of production to be located in any place that proves to be
more conducive to efficiency. This situation has significantly
increased the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the
world which has risen to the second highest level ever recorded
in 2006. As a result, developed countries, developing countries,
and transition economies all experienced growth in FDI inflows.
However, among developed nations. FDI in Canada plunged
during the period of 2002 – 2004(which is not covered by our
data set) in manufacturing sector due to attrition and maintained
a stunted latency in terms of global share of FDI
(huffingtonpost 2013;the globe and mail 2010). Although major
concentration of these investment was on manufacturing its
deterioration by 13 percent from 2009 to 2009 drove investors
to mining and oil and gas which increased by 10 percent by
2000 to 2009. Also the finance and insurance industries was not
left out by investors which witnessed an increase of 1.4 percent
3. by 2009 to 2009. FDI shares in other Canadian sector either
witnessed an increase of 1.9 percent or more to date. Proponent
of FDI emphasized that host country benefit from capital
spillovers (Morris, 2008, p. 4.). Local firms are bound to
benefit from technological changes brought by foreign investors
to host country (Görg and Greenaway 2002) via technological
imitation by domestic investors, skill acquisition from advanced
technological use by domestic workers which can enhance
domestic human capital while Opponent of FDI argues of
possible future repatriation of capital in monetary terms to
country of foreign investor (Morris, 2008, p. 4). This could also
lead to unfair market competition with local investors whom
lack sufficient capital and manpower to purchase or make use of
advanced technology brought in by foreign investors which can
oust them from market (Görg and Greenaway (2002, pp. 2-3)
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The broad objective of this study is to examine the relationship
between FDI and growth in Canada. The study will also focus
on;
A. Explore theoretical foundations and empirical contribution of
other researchers
B. Employ empirical analysis to determine relationship between
FDI and growth
C. To proffer recommendations for enhancing FDI.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
For the purpose of this research two hypothesis are been setup
such as the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.
· NULL HYPOTHESIS: Ho: FDI does not contribute to growth
in Canada.
· ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS: H1: FDI positively
contributes to growth in Canada
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study is on the impact of FDI on economic growth in
Canada. The scope of this study covered the period 1901-2001.
4. The data used are publications from stats Canada(CANSIM)
The study is largely a secondary research and is limited by the
following;DATA PROBLEM:Data collected on human capital
represented by labor in real gross domestic product (GDP)
might not be an adequate measure for human capital. The period
covered was not wide enough to give an accurate result because
of period limitation from stats Canada. Most of the data
collected are not reliable because of easy manipulation for
political and economic reasons as such the conclusion differ and
whenever the data are not reliable the prediction based on it will
be unreliable.
TIME CONSTRIANT: the time given to conduct the research
and make conclusion might not be enough
DIFFICULTY IN COLLECTING DATA: the data been
secondary is difficult to get enough and required information
which can affect the result of my regression analysis
LITERATURE REVIEW
Studies range from proposing that there is a significant
relationship between FDI growth and GDP growth to suggesting
that there is not a significant relationship between these two
variables. In this section we review several of these studies and
present their conflicting results. Cave (1974) was probably the
first researcher to report empirical results about spillover effect
stemming from the presence of foreign firms in domestic
market. He used cross-sectional data for Canada and Australia
5. and found evidence of positive spillovers affecting domestic
firms and argue that FDI increases the productivity of host
nations’ resources by improving their allocation through
competition among firms and accelerates the transfer of
technology and innovation to domestic firms. Benhua Yang
(2007) conducts a similar study but ends up with conflicting
conclusions. This study also measures the effect of FDI on
economic growth by regressing economic growth on FDI
inflows as a percentage of GDP and other control variables.
However, unlike the previous study, the author lets the
coefficients for the explanatory variables differ for up to seven
different regions. Using panel data, the study employs a large
sample of nations and covers from 1973 to 2002 time-period,
with the data averaging over five year periods. First, a base
regression on all regions is estimated. The results show that the
coefficient on the FDI variable is positive but statistically
insignificant. Second, the effect of FDI on economic growth is
allowed to differ between OECD countries and developing
countries and between OECD countries and six other regions.
His results show that, unlike the previous study, the coefficient
associated with FDI for the OECD countries is positive and
significant. . Third, the data is divided into two fifteen-year
periods to see if the effect has changed over time. For the
OECD nations, he learns that the coefficient for the first period
(1973-1987) is negative and insignificant, but the coefficient for
the second period (1988-2002) is positive and significant.
Robert Lensink and Oliver Morrissey (2006) also examine the
relationship between FDI and economic growth; however, they
add another aspect to the analysis –volatility. Their analysis
indicates that there is not a significant relationship between FDI
and economic growth. As the review of empirical studies
indicates, most of the existing researches in the area of FDI are
very limited in their scope by examining only the impact of FDI
either on economic growth or on one of the variables that affect
economic growth. This is especially true in the case of Canada.
This research differs from the existing empirical studies by
6. taking a boarder approach, examining the causal relationship
between economic growth and its determinants in Canada.
METHODOLOGY
The study will make use of secondary data obtained from stats
Canada(CANSIM) from period of 1901-2001 in which simple
regression analysis will be conducted using Mankiw et al 1992
as theoretical foundation for the analysis they emphasized that
human capital is an important variable for economic growth as
such FDI will be incorporated into their model as a variable
capable of increasing physical capital, as well as developing
human capital and enhancing technological progress capable of
stimulating economic growth . Therefore coefficient of the
variables, R squared, F-statistic and t-values will be used to
check for robustness of the regression result
7. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Neoclassicists assumed that capital is a function of the highest
risk adjusted rate of return. This assumption provided the main
theoretical framework that was used by postwar neoclassical
theory in the analysis of FDI. One of the main inferences of the
neoclassical growth theory is that all nations eventually will
approach the same level of productivity. The lack of evidence
that this might take place sparked the development of “new
growth theories” (see Grossman and Helpman, 1991). One of
the main features of these new theories is to make technology as
an endogenous variable. Additionally, according to new
theories, technology is considered to have both “private good”
characteristics and “public good” characteristics (Wakelin,
1997). This connotes that the gains of innovations can be
partially appropriated assuming that technological diffusion
occurs more easily within a nation than between nations, a
technological gap between nations persists. In another words,
no nation can completely depend on “imitation” to approach the
technological frontier (Lundvall, 1992). The traditional neo-
classical growth models postulate that long-run economic
growth arises from both technological progress and labor force
growth, which are both exogenously determined. In these
models, FDI is considered to only have a short-run effect on the
growth of output. However, the recent acceptance of
endogenous growth theory has promoted research into channels
through which FDI can be expected to encourage economic
growth in the long-run (Grossman and Helpman, 1991; Barro
and Sala-i-Martin, 1995). This has led to the prevailing view
that multinational corporations (MNCs) can complement the
local industry and stimulates growth and welfare in the host
nations. The merit of endogenous growth models is the
assumption that long-run growth is not affected by
technological changes alone, but also by institutional and
8. nation-specific factors. The host country’s economic
environment portrayed by its rate of economic growth, trade
policy, political stability, legislation, domestic market size, and
balance of payments constraints, can have significant impact on
FDI inflows. (Dunning, 1993, Caves, 1996, de Mello, 1996,
1997, 1999). Thus, the government of host country can
stimulate economic growth by devising policies that are more
conducive for FDI. Additionally, FDI may intensify
competition, altering the structure of imperfectly competitive
industries. This, in turn, may generate demand for local output,
stimulating supply industries. In various theoretical
frameworks, a lot of attention has been paid to technological
differences as the determinants of international competitiveness
and growth of advanced nations. Modern growth theories
accentuate the significance of innovative endeavors in the
context of imperfect competition models of trade and growth
(Grossman and Helpman, 1991). Dosi and his colleagues
introduced neotechnology or evolutionary approaches to
technological change and growth in 1990 (Dosi, G., Pavitt, K.,
and Soete, 1990). In their theoretical framework, absolute gaps
in technology are perceived to be more significant than
endowments-based comparative advantage in exemplifying trade
flow and growth. Traditionally, given the assumption of perfect
competition, the neoclassical trade and growth theory considers
FDI as a form of international capital movement. Accordingly,
international capital movements, and hence FDI, are explained
in terms of differential profit, or differential interest rates found
in different countries. However, following the earlier Hymer
insights into the determinants of FDI, the inadequacy of the
assumption of perfect competition in the analysis of FDI is well
established. Today, given the assumption of imperfect
competition, the eclectic theory of Dunning implies that firm-
specific advantages and their interaction with location and
internationalization advantages must also be incorporated into
the formulation of international trade and growth theory
(Dunning 1993b; Caves 1996). FDI affects the economy of a
9. host country in a variety of ways. First, it brings with it the
needed capital, and modern technology that enhances economic
growth in the recipient country (Blomstrom et al., 1996;
Dunning 1993). Second, through managerial and labor training
it augments the knowledge of the host country, stimulating
economic growth (de Mello, 1996,1997,1999). Third, it
promotes technological upgrading, in the case of start-up,
marketing, and licensing arrangements (de Mello and Sinclair,
1995, Markusen and Venables 1999). Thus, FDI can be
considered as an instrument in promoting industrial
development and technological upgrading. As such, FDI may
enhance productivity and technological progress in the host
country, contributing to its economic growth. Not only does FDI
affect the economy of a host country, the economy of the host
country has also some bearing on FDI. More specifically, the
absorptive capacity of the host country impacts the volume and
type of FDI that flows into that country. The absorptive
capacity of a host country, in turn, depends on the country’s
trade regime, legislation and political stability. It also hinges
upon scale factors, such as balance of payments constraints, and
size of domestic market for the goods produced through FDI.
The consideration of such nation-specific factors allows for
examination of such FDI-induced externalities or
“spillovers.”(de Mello, 1999). The approaches taken in
empirical studies in the area of FDI-led growth can be divided
into two groups. The first group uses cross-sectional data. The
second group applies time series data. Unfortunately, both of
these approaches have met with problems. Potential problems
with cross-sectional analysis stem from the assumption that
nations share common characteristics. However, in practice
such an assumption is not valid due to the fact that nations
differ not only in their political, economic, and institutional
structure, but also in their response to external shocks. In a nut
shell, estimates from cross sectional data are misleading
because they do not take into considerations nation-specific
features. Potential problems with time-series analysis have been
10. noted by a number of researchers. (Bewley and Yang 1996;
Blomstrom et al., 1996; Giles and Mirza, 1998; Giles and
William, 1999; Toda, 1994; Toda and Yammoto, 1998), and is
related to the inappropriateness of applying F-test statistics to
causality tests. It is now well established that the F-test
statistics is not valid if time series are integrated (Toda and
Yamamoto, 1995; Zapata and Rambaldi, 1997) and causality
tests are sensitive to model selection (Giles and Williams,
1999). This article examines the causal relationship between
economic growth and its determinants by examining unit root
properties and the new Granger non-causality tests.
THE MODEL
The theoretical model employed in this study is based on
Mankiw (1995) which emphasized that knowledge is sum of
technological and scientific breakthrough or innovation and
acknowledged human capital as master mind of these
breakthroughs and innovations. Mankiw et al (1992) model
known as augmented Solow growth model was driven from
Solow (1956) growth model in which they incorporated human
capital as factor responsible for growth as shown below;
Y= F (Kα_t Hβ t Lt At)
Where K is physical capital and α stands for rate of its
investment, H is human capital with β as the rate of its
investment, as decreasing returns to physical and human capital
sets in, their respective rate of investment decreases α+β<1.
They further stressed that saving used for investment in human
capital and technological progress will increase output of labor
and economic growth. This rate of investment can be financed
via domestic savings as foreign capital inflow from FDI which
can augment as domestic savings, with addition of human
capital coupled with technological progress the level of output
of labor will increase and stimulate growth, the rate of
technological change in an economy can increase the marginal
11. growth rate of the economy.
EMPIRICAL FINDING
STUDIES
SAMPLE
PERIOD
IMPACT OF FDI ON GDP
Oloffsdotter (1998)
50 developing
countries
1980-1990
Positive impact of
FDI on GDP
Blomström, et al
(1994)
78 developing countries
1960-1985
FDI have impact on GDP in country with particular threshold of
income level
Kang and Du 2005
20 OECD Countries
1981-2000
FDI does not have impact on GDP
Asheghian (2011)
12. Canada
1976-2008
FDI and GDP have no
bidirectional
relationship on one
another
RESULT, DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
In summary, regression analysis was conducted on impact of
FDI on GDP the P value was greater than 0.05 that indicates
rejection of alternative hypothesis and accepting null hypothesis
which implies that FDI didn’t have impact on Canadian GDP
during the period of study. The regression result on whether
Canadian GDP attracts FDI indicates that growth rate of
Canadian economy has less or no significance impact in
attracting foreign investors to the country. The ANNOVA result
for whether FDI led to growth in Canadian economy or foreign
investors were attracted by Canadian economic growth rate were
both insignificant. Foreign direct investment growth has no
significant impact on Canada’s economic growth and total
factor productivity in Canada. Canadian policy makers should
develop or focus on FDI measures that are more favorable
towards manufacturing sectorby strengthening regulations on
weak labor productivity, business tax environment and
excessive FDI regulations measures. As propagated by Sharpe
and Banerjee (2008) government can focus on improving
infrastructure that can enhance human capital better, embark on
13. comprehensive tax reform system and adjustment in FDI
regulation.
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forthcoming
18. APPENDIX
Year
GDP All industries
gross capital
labor in Real gross domestic product (GDP)
FDI
Q1 1990
147875
348287
61.837
290964
Q2 1990
152878
360570
61.157
295758
Q3 1990
157556
368251
60.389
291123
Q4 1990
150922
372433
59.509
300669
Q1 1991
143485
378995
25. SUMMARY OUTPUT GDP on FDI
Regression Statistics
Multiple R0.968885
R Square0.938737
Adjusted R Square0.937345
Standard Error4182.53
Observations46
ANOVA
dfSSMSFSignificance F
Regression11.18E+101.18E+10674.22.56561E-28
Residual447.7E+0817493559
Total451.26E+10
CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper
95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%
Intercept137332.61362.79100.77321E-
53134586.1272140079.2134586.1140079.2
INVESTMENT0.0445760.00171725.965693E-
280.0411165310.0480360.0411170.048036
SUMMARY OUTPUT FDI on Gross capital
Regression Statistics
26. Multiple R0.902562
R Square0.814618
Adjusted R Square0.810405
Standard Error158140
Observations46
ANOVA
dfSSMSFSignificance F
Regression14.84E+124.84E+12193.31.04146E-17
Residual441.1E+122.5E+10
Total455.94E+12
CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper
95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%
Intercept142618856675.5725.164079E-
281311965.909154041013119661540410
gross capital-2.449180.176137-13.90491E-17-2.80416051-
2.0942-2.80416-2.0942
SUMMARY OUTPUT FDI on GDP
Regression Statistics
Multiple R0.968885
R Square0.938737
Adjusted R Square0.937345
Standard Error90908.85
Observations46
ANOVA
dfSSMSFSignificance F
Regression15.57E+125.57E+12674.21732.56561E-28
Residual443.64E+118.26E+09
Total455.94E+12
CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper
95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%
Intercept-2848729137628.4-20.69872.62E-24-3126100.993-
2571358-3126101-2571358
GDP All industries21.059060.81103425.965692.57E-
2819.4245323722.693619.4245322.6936
The first thing you have to do is chose a topic, collect data, and
27. then estimate relationships using the techniques of Chapters of
multiple regression and regression analysis: model building.
1. Do not use any of the data sets that come with different
textbooks. Too many other people have used those data sets.
The data source should to be one that you have actually found
and verified.
2. Make sure you explain what you are doing clearly with
references. The project/paper will have to be properly written.
Make sure you following proper citation rules for any
information you got from another source, Only APA style.
3. The sample size should of at least five independent variables.
The independent variables should not be part of the dependent
variable by construction.
4. The project should involve applying the regression analysis
in excel only.
5. Somewhere the project you should have information on
relevant descriptive statistics. Relevant does not mean
everything Excel can print out. At a minimum it should include
the mean and standard deviation of the variables involved.
However, you may decide that other statistics might provide
useful information (e.g. in some cases, the range of the
variables might be relevant). This information could either be
on a separate table of descriptive statistics or combined with
regression tables.
6. For the regression tables, as mentioned in the information
posted on Moodle, you should not just copy from Excel but
instead type proper tables. You should have a regression table
that has both your original model (before you eliminate
variables) and your final Model. The sample projects contain
some examples. Note, you do not need separate tables for the