This presentation postulates that violence and conflict are no more natural to human beings and their society than compassion and cooperation, and that their apparent ‘naturalness’ is because they are part of a cultural construct that is prevalent in today’s world. It proposes that this view of humanity came to be put forward as part of the myth developed to justify the European conquest and colonization of the rest of the world. It analyzes its modern–day reproduction as a hegemonic imaginary, who stands to gain and lose from it, how it is propagated, and whether or not one could speak of a conspiracy.
Human Nature and Moral Evil book 2 chap 5Miguel Cano
In this work, we try to find answers, in clear and simple language that agree with the common sense of most people, to questions such as: What are the basic aspirations of human being? What are goods and values? Can we aspire to find truth, beauty, goodness, love and happiness? Is there a commonly accepted concept of good and evil? What are the motivations that move human beings to do good? Are there universal moral laws? Is man good by nature? Does the problem of moral and social evils have a solution? What is conscience? Can ethics offer a solution to current human problems?
Homo americanus vs Homo sovieticus: & EGALITARIANISM
#progress #Egalitarianism #western-societies #West #Western-Society #Tomislav-Sunic #Homo-americanus #Homo-sovieticus #arktos #Esotericism #Esoterism
https://bittube.tv/post/0980d385-47f7-4893-9846-572d6a7fea9b - Part 1
https://bittube.tv/post/e12990d8-a32f-4ff5-9bb0-d4a7b72763b9 - Part 2
https://odysee.com/@periodic-reset-of-civilizations:c/Homo-americanus-vs-Homo-sovieticus----EGALITARIANISM:b
https://tube.midov.pl/w/mv94VFTD2sA3fr9Xdds5jP
https://www.bitchute.com/video/i2GZEgRHtxAW/
All the platforms I Am on:
https://steemit.com/links/@resetciviliz/link-s
▶ BITCOIN
34c3XCeSyoi9DPRks867KL7GVD7tGVcxnH
▶ ETHEREUM
0xAc1FBaEBaCc83D332494B55123F5493a113cE457
▶ TEESPRING
https://periodic-reset.creator-spring.com
This presentation postulates that violence and conflict are no more natural to human beings and their society than compassion and cooperation, and that their apparent ‘naturalness’ is because they are part of a cultural construct that is prevalent in today’s world. It proposes that this view of humanity came to be put forward as part of the myth developed to justify the European conquest and colonization of the rest of the world. It analyzes its modern–day reproduction as a hegemonic imaginary, who stands to gain and lose from it, how it is propagated, and whether or not one could speak of a conspiracy.
Human Nature and Moral Evil book 2 chap 5Miguel Cano
In this work, we try to find answers, in clear and simple language that agree with the common sense of most people, to questions such as: What are the basic aspirations of human being? What are goods and values? Can we aspire to find truth, beauty, goodness, love and happiness? Is there a commonly accepted concept of good and evil? What are the motivations that move human beings to do good? Are there universal moral laws? Is man good by nature? Does the problem of moral and social evils have a solution? What is conscience? Can ethics offer a solution to current human problems?
Homo americanus vs Homo sovieticus: & EGALITARIANISM
#progress #Egalitarianism #western-societies #West #Western-Society #Tomislav-Sunic #Homo-americanus #Homo-sovieticus #arktos #Esotericism #Esoterism
https://bittube.tv/post/0980d385-47f7-4893-9846-572d6a7fea9b - Part 1
https://bittube.tv/post/e12990d8-a32f-4ff5-9bb0-d4a7b72763b9 - Part 2
https://odysee.com/@periodic-reset-of-civilizations:c/Homo-americanus-vs-Homo-sovieticus----EGALITARIANISM:b
https://tube.midov.pl/w/mv94VFTD2sA3fr9Xdds5jP
https://www.bitchute.com/video/i2GZEgRHtxAW/
All the platforms I Am on:
https://steemit.com/links/@resetciviliz/link-s
▶ BITCOIN
34c3XCeSyoi9DPRks867KL7GVD7tGVcxnH
▶ ETHEREUM
0xAc1FBaEBaCc83D332494B55123F5493a113cE457
▶ TEESPRING
https://periodic-reset.creator-spring.com
Perhaps there is still a worldwide accepted metanarrative which tends to hide its condition as a metanarrative, disguising itself as a neutral characteristic of the general reality.
This hidden metanarrative could be seen as capitalism with all of its attributes (entertainment, consumerism, technologies…).
Capitalism would be a metanarrative that doesn’t give a rational explanation or take our human experiences into account. We would be able to detect this fact in two different points:
1.To maximize our personal benefit or our well-being doesn’t necessarily coincide with happiness in our experience.
2.To rely on the Adam Smith’s equation according which our private selfishness should be necessarily our best contribution to the common good.
If there is a dumb meta-narrative acting as the framework of our experiences, actions, and life, then we need a more detailed theoretical explanation of how capitalism provides us with social cohesion.
One attempt at this explanation is developed in the Theory of Social Imaginaries by contemporary thinkers such as Gilbert Durand, Michel Maffesoli, Cornelius Castoriadis, and Charles Taylor.
In his book The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1993), J.F. Lyotard announces a change in the way in which we manage our meanings in Western Culture societies. He points out that all of our metanarratives have fallen in postmodernity because there is an active and continuous process of incredulity towards them.
Our recent history shows how ideologies (and religions) can lead us to war and destruction.
Our society seems to be more pragmatic and scientific in this regard.
Our narrative skills are developed socially, but we need to depart from certain cultural hypotheses in order to make meaning. These hypotheses are included in the metanarrative that we have inherited from our parents, family or “defining communities” (Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self, 1989).
This inheritance still exists, but:
1.Our “defining communities” tend not to have a strong and sharp narrative to pass on to their offspring.
2.Our society doesn’t share a clear and stable metanarrative from which everyone can judge his own life and experience.
3.It has become desirable culturally speaking (after the hippies, May 68, the Punks, the Spanish Movida, etc.) to rebel against parents, established social values, etc. this has been demonstrated in the book The Conquest of Cool: Business Culture, Counterculture, and the Rise of Hip Consumerism (Thomas Frank, 1997) and La Revolución Divertida (Ramón González Férriz, 2012)
Super Sodium Lignosulfonate(super sodium lignosulphonate) is pure lignosulfonate has little cellulose and sugar is extracted directly from pure lignin with ph around 9 completely water soluble.
http://www.greenagrochem.com/products/super-sodium-lignosulfonate/
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Perhaps there is still a worldwide accepted metanarrative which tends to hide its condition as a metanarrative, disguising itself as a neutral characteristic of the general reality.
This hidden metanarrative could be seen as capitalism with all of its attributes (entertainment, consumerism, technologies…).
Capitalism would be a metanarrative that doesn’t give a rational explanation or take our human experiences into account. We would be able to detect this fact in two different points:
1.To maximize our personal benefit or our well-being doesn’t necessarily coincide with happiness in our experience.
2.To rely on the Adam Smith’s equation according which our private selfishness should be necessarily our best contribution to the common good.
If there is a dumb meta-narrative acting as the framework of our experiences, actions, and life, then we need a more detailed theoretical explanation of how capitalism provides us with social cohesion.
One attempt at this explanation is developed in the Theory of Social Imaginaries by contemporary thinkers such as Gilbert Durand, Michel Maffesoli, Cornelius Castoriadis, and Charles Taylor.
In his book The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1993), J.F. Lyotard announces a change in the way in which we manage our meanings in Western Culture societies. He points out that all of our metanarratives have fallen in postmodernity because there is an active and continuous process of incredulity towards them.
Our recent history shows how ideologies (and religions) can lead us to war and destruction.
Our society seems to be more pragmatic and scientific in this regard.
Our narrative skills are developed socially, but we need to depart from certain cultural hypotheses in order to make meaning. These hypotheses are included in the metanarrative that we have inherited from our parents, family or “defining communities” (Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self, 1989).
This inheritance still exists, but:
1.Our “defining communities” tend not to have a strong and sharp narrative to pass on to their offspring.
2.Our society doesn’t share a clear and stable metanarrative from which everyone can judge his own life and experience.
3.It has become desirable culturally speaking (after the hippies, May 68, the Punks, the Spanish Movida, etc.) to rebel against parents, established social values, etc. this has been demonstrated in the book The Conquest of Cool: Business Culture, Counterculture, and the Rise of Hip Consumerism (Thomas Frank, 1997) and La Revolución Divertida (Ramón González Férriz, 2012)
Super Sodium Lignosulfonate(super sodium lignosulphonate) is pure lignosulfonate has little cellulose and sugar is extracted directly from pure lignin with ph around 9 completely water soluble.
http://www.greenagrochem.com/products/super-sodium-lignosulfonate/
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Discover free tools to help your business get found on Google. Learn how to do your own keyword research and apply it to effective marketing tactics such as blogging, directory listings and developing quality website content.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
14 Social Alternatives Vol. 34 No. 1, 2015
Classical Stoicism and the Birth of a Global
Ethics: Cosmopolitan Duties in a
World of Local Loyalties
Lisa hiLL
Do I have responsibilities to strangers and, if so, why? Is a global ethics possible in the absence
of supra-national institutions? The responses of the classical Stoics to these questions directly
influenced modern conceptions of global citizenship and contemporary understandings of our
duties to others. This paper explores the Stoic rationale for a cosmopolitan ethic that makes
significant moral demands on its practitioners. It also uniquely addresses the objection that a
global ethics is impractical in the absence of supra-national institutions and law.
themed artiCLe
What do we owe to strangers and why? Is a global ethics possible in the face of national boundaries?
What should we do when bad governments order us to
mistreat strangers or the weak? These were just some
of the questions to which the ancient Stoics applied
themselves. Their answers, which emphasised the
equal worth and inherent dignity of every human being,
were to reverberate throughout the Western political
tradition and directly influence modern conceptions of
global citizenship. Yet, how the Stoics arrived at their
cosmopolitanism is often imperfectly understood, hence
the first part of the discussion. Objections that their ideas
were too utopian to be practically useful also reflect
misunderstandings about Stoicism, hence the second
part of the paper.
I begin by exploring the Stoic rationale for the cosmopolis,
the world state, after which I address the objection that
a global ethics is impractical in the absence of supra-
national institutions and law. Well aware that local
loyalties and the jealousy of sovereign states towards
their own jurisdictional authority would represent
significant obstacles to the practice of a global ethic, the
Stoics insisted that the cosmopolis could still be brought
into existence by those who unilaterally obeyed the laws
of ‘reason’ even within the confines of national borders
and in the face of hostile local institutions.
Background
Inspired by the teaching of Socrates and Diogenes of
Sinope (Diogenes the Cynic), Stoicism was founded
at Athens by Zeno of Citium in around 300 BCE and
was influential throughout the Greco-Roman world
until around 200 CE.1 Its teachings were transmitted
to later generations largely through the surviving Latin
writings of Cicero, Seneca, Epictetus, C. Musonius
Rufus and Marcus Aurelius, as well as the Greek
author Diogenes Laertius via his Lives and Opinions of
Eminent Philosophers. The Stoics not only influenced
later generations; they were extremely influential in their
own time. From the outset, Stoicism was a distinctive
voice in intellectual life, from the Early Stoa in the fourth
and third centuries BCE, the Middle Stoa in the second
and first centuries BCE, to Late Stoicism in the first
a ...
14 Social Alternatives Vol. 34 No. 1, 2015Classical .docxdrennanmicah
14 Social Alternatives Vol. 34 No. 1, 2015
Classical Stoicism and the Birth of a Global
Ethics: Cosmopolitan Duties in a
World of Local Loyalties
Lisa hiLL
Do I have responsibilities to strangers and, if so, why? Is a global ethics possible in the absence
of supra-national institutions? The responses of the classical Stoics to these questions directly
influenced modern conceptions of global citizenship and contemporary understandings of our
duties to others. This paper explores the Stoic rationale for a cosmopolitan ethic that makes
significant moral demands on its practitioners. It also uniquely addresses the objection that a
global ethics is impractical in the absence of supra-national institutions and law.
themed artiCLe
What do we owe to strangers and why? Is a global ethics possible in the face of national boundaries?
What should we do when bad governments order us to
mistreat strangers or the weak? These were just some
of the questions to which the ancient Stoics applied
themselves. Their answers, which emphasised the
equal worth and inherent dignity of every human being,
were to reverberate throughout the Western political
tradition and directly influence modern conceptions of
global citizenship. Yet, how the Stoics arrived at their
cosmopolitanism is often imperfectly understood, hence
the first part of the discussion. Objections that their ideas
were too utopian to be practically useful also reflect
misunderstandings about Stoicism, hence the second
part of the paper.
I begin by exploring the Stoic rationale for the cosmopolis,
the world state, after which I address the objection that
a global ethics is impractical in the absence of supra-
national institutions and law. Well aware that local
loyalties and the jealousy of sovereign states towards
their own jurisdictional authority would represent
significant obstacles to the practice of a global ethic, the
Stoics insisted that the cosmopolis could still be brought
into existence by those who unilaterally obeyed the laws
of ‘reason’ even within the confines of national borders
and in the face of hostile local institutions.
Background
Inspired by the teaching of Socrates and Diogenes of
Sinope (Diogenes the Cynic), Stoicism was founded
at Athens by Zeno of Citium in around 300 BCE and
was influential throughout the Greco-Roman world
until around 200 CE.1 Its teachings were transmitted
to later generations largely through the surviving Latin
writings of Cicero, Seneca, Epictetus, C. Musonius
Rufus and Marcus Aurelius, as well as the Greek
author Diogenes Laertius via his Lives and Opinions of
Eminent Philosophers. The Stoics not only influenced
later generations; they were extremely influential in their
own time. From the outset, Stoicism was a distinctive
voice in intellectual life, from the Early Stoa in the fourth
and third centuries BCE, the Middle Stoa in the second
and first centuries BCE, to Late Stoicism in the first
a.
14 Social Alternatives Vol. 34 No. 1, 2015Classical .docxaulasnilda
14 Social Alternatives Vol. 34 No. 1, 2015
Classical Stoicism and the Birth of a Global
Ethics: Cosmopolitan Duties in a
World of Local Loyalties
Lisa hiLL
Do I have responsibilities to strangers and, if so, why? Is a global ethics possible in the absence
of supra-national institutions? The responses of the classical Stoics to these questions directly
influenced modern conceptions of global citizenship and contemporary understandings of our
duties to others. This paper explores the Stoic rationale for a cosmopolitan ethic that makes
significant moral demands on its practitioners. It also uniquely addresses the objection that a
global ethics is impractical in the absence of supra-national institutions and law.
themed artiCLe
What do we owe to strangers and why? Is a global ethics possible in the face of national boundaries?
What should we do when bad governments order us to
mistreat strangers or the weak? These were just some
of the questions to which the ancient Stoics applied
themselves. Their answers, which emphasised the
equal worth and inherent dignity of every human being,
were to reverberate throughout the Western political
tradition and directly influence modern conceptions of
global citizenship. Yet, how the Stoics arrived at their
cosmopolitanism is often imperfectly understood, hence
the first part of the discussion. Objections that their ideas
were too utopian to be practically useful also reflect
misunderstandings about Stoicism, hence the second
part of the paper.
I begin by exploring the Stoic rationale for the cosmopolis,
the world state, after which I address the objection that
a global ethics is impractical in the absence of supra-
national institutions and law. Well aware that local
loyalties and the jealousy of sovereign states towards
their own jurisdictional authority would represent
significant obstacles to the practice of a global ethic, the
Stoics insisted that the cosmopolis could still be brought
into existence by those who unilaterally obeyed the laws
of ‘reason’ even within the confines of national borders
and in the face of hostile local institutions.
Background
Inspired by the teaching of Socrates and Diogenes of
Sinope (Diogenes the Cynic), Stoicism was founded
at Athens by Zeno of Citium in around 300 BCE and
was influential throughout the Greco-Roman world
until around 200 CE.1 Its teachings were transmitted
to later generations largely through the surviving Latin
writings of Cicero, Seneca, Epictetus, C. Musonius
Rufus and Marcus Aurelius, as well as the Greek
author Diogenes Laertius via his Lives and Opinions of
Eminent Philosophers. The Stoics not only influenced
later generations; they were extremely influential in their
own time. From the outset, Stoicism was a distinctive
voice in intellectual life, from the Early Stoa in the fourth
and third centuries BCE, the Middle Stoa in the second
and first centuries BCE, to Late Stoicism in the first
a ...
14 Social Alternatives Vol. 34 No. 1, 2015Classical AnastaciaShadelb
14 Social Alternatives Vol. 34 No. 1, 2015
Classical Stoicism and the Birth of a Global
Ethics: Cosmopolitan Duties in a
World of Local Loyalties
Lisa hiLL
Do I have responsibilities to strangers and, if so, why? Is a global ethics possible in the absence
of supra-national institutions? The responses of the classical Stoics to these questions directly
influenced modern conceptions of global citizenship and contemporary understandings of our
duties to others. This paper explores the Stoic rationale for a cosmopolitan ethic that makes
significant moral demands on its practitioners. It also uniquely addresses the objection that a
global ethics is impractical in the absence of supra-national institutions and law.
themed artiCLe
What do we owe to strangers and why? Is a global ethics possible in the face of national boundaries?
What should we do when bad governments order us to
mistreat strangers or the weak? These were just some
of the questions to which the ancient Stoics applied
themselves. Their answers, which emphasised the
equal worth and inherent dignity of every human being,
were to reverberate throughout the Western political
tradition and directly influence modern conceptions of
global citizenship. Yet, how the Stoics arrived at their
cosmopolitanism is often imperfectly understood, hence
the first part of the discussion. Objections that their ideas
were too utopian to be practically useful also reflect
misunderstandings about Stoicism, hence the second
part of the paper.
I begin by exploring the Stoic rationale for the cosmopolis,
the world state, after which I address the objection that
a global ethics is impractical in the absence of supra-
national institutions and law. Well aware that local
loyalties and the jealousy of sovereign states towards
their own jurisdictional authority would represent
significant obstacles to the practice of a global ethic, the
Stoics insisted that the cosmopolis could still be brought
into existence by those who unilaterally obeyed the laws
of ‘reason’ even within the confines of national borders
and in the face of hostile local institutions.
Background
Inspired by the teaching of Socrates and Diogenes of
Sinope (Diogenes the Cynic), Stoicism was founded
at Athens by Zeno of Citium in around 300 BCE and
was influential throughout the Greco-Roman world
until around 200 CE.1 Its teachings were transmitted
to later generations largely through the surviving Latin
writings of Cicero, Seneca, Epictetus, C. Musonius
Rufus and Marcus Aurelius, as well as the Greek
author Diogenes Laertius via his Lives and Opinions of
Eminent Philosophers. The Stoics not only influenced
later generations; they were extremely influential in their
own time. From the outset, Stoicism was a distinctive
voice in intellectual life, from the Early Stoa in the fourth
and third centuries BCE, the Middle Stoa in the second
and first centuries BCE, to Late Stoicism in the first
a ...
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - MessageCole Hartman
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
2 Peter 3: Because some scriptures are hard to understand and some will force them to say things God never intended, Peter warns us to take care.
https://youtu.be/nV4kGHFsEHw
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
Discover various methods for clearing negative entities from your space and spirit, including energy clearing techniques, spiritual rituals, and professional assistance. Gain practical knowledge on how to implement these techniques to restore peace and harmony. For more information visit here: https://www.reikihealingdistance.com/negative-entity-removal/
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...franktsao4
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
5. DEATH = LI(F)E Death is the motivational force behind all human behavior!
6. Ernest Becker The Denial of Death (1973) The idea of death, the fear of it, haunts the human animal like nothing else; it is a mainspring of human activity - designed largely to avoid the fatality of death, to overcome it by denying in some way that it is the final destiny of man....
7.
8.
9.
10. Intelligence = Consciousness Mankind has survived and gained dominion over the earth due to the evolutionary trait of superior intelligence . However, that very intelligence has made us aware of the realities that we exist and we die. Consciousness is our gift and our curse!
11. Consciousness =Death Anxiety Death Awareness causes anxiety We dread and deny the fact that we are creatures who devour other creatures, defecate, urinate, and eventually and inevitably die. We fear that there is no after-life. “The fall into self-consciousness, the emergence from comfortable ignorance in nature, had one great penalty for man: it gave him dread, or anxiety.” – Ernest Becker (DD).
12. Otto Rank Becker’s theory is based in large measure on his interpretation of the works of Otto Rank. Rank said: “Every human being is…equally unfree, that is, we…create out of freedom, a prison…” “For only by living in close union with a god-ideal that has been erected outside one’s own ego is one able to live at all.”
15. Summary The stark reality of death causes in each of us the death/meaninglessness anxiety – that is, a recognition, both conscious and unconscious, that life has no meaning faced with the ultimate oblivion of death.
16. DEATH = LI(F)E The fear of death causes the individual to construct an illusion of meaning. Death compels the individual to construct a Life Immortality Elusion, or LIE, to hide or repress the stark reality of death. Thus, Death = LI(F)E
17. The Life Immortality Elusion (LIE) Elusion “The act or an instance of eluding or escaping.”
18. Cultural Hero Systems Symbolic devices that counteract the death/meaninglessness anxiety.
19. Cultural Hero Systems Human cultural groups develop action methods, or hero systems, based upon their religious, political, and socio-economic beliefs, to deny the reality of death. Such action methods infuse life with illusory meaning, and provide the promise of personal immortality. Cultural Hero Systems Based upon beliefs common to the group Provide methods for individual self-esteem Provide methods for personal immortality
20. Becker defines culture as: “…humanly constructed beliefs about the nature of reality that are shared by people in groups in order to minimize the anxiety engendered by the uniquely human awareness of death.”
21. The Personal LIE The Person uses action methods drawn from his culture’s hero system to repress or overcome the death/meaninglessness anxiety by infusing his life with an illusion of meaning; Life is an I(e)lusion constructed from the action methods offered by one’s cultural hero belief system to avoid or deny the reality of death!
22. The LIE Provides: Personal Self-Esteem Personal Immortality in a cosmology of some kind based upon religious or secular myths.
23. Becker: “…everything that man does in his symbolic world is an attempt to deny and overcome his grotesque fate. He literally drives himself into a blind obliviousness with social games, psychological tricks, personal preoccupations so far removed from the reality of his situation that they are forms of madness – agreed madness, shared madness, disguised and dignified madness, but madness all the same.”
24. More Becker: “The irony of man’s condition is that the deepest need is to be free of the anxiety of death and annihilation; but it is life itself which awakens it, and so we must shrink form being fully alive.”
25. Cultural Hero Systems Formed By A Culture’s Beliefs: Religious Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, etc. Political Economic Social Artistic
26. LIE Construction Methods Religious Faith and Ritual Romantic Love & Sexual Lust Warfare Spectator-ism Materialism Work-alcoholism Celebrity worship Entertainment – TV, Movies, etc. Artistic/Creative Cultism
27. Becker: The social hero-system into which we are born marks out our paths for our heroism, paths to which we conform, to which we shape ourselves so that we can please others, become what they expect us to be. And instead of working our inner secret we gradually cover it over and forget it, while we become purely external men, playing successfully the standardized hero game into which we happen to fall by accident, by family connection, by reflex patriotism, or by the simple need to eat and the urge to procreate.
28. Donald Carveth: “Society offers a range of possibilities for heroism in which death is denied and an illusion of immortality constructed. ”
29. The Socialization Process Members of human cultural groups are socialized, or programmed, to adopt the beliefs of their cultures as genuine and true, and then to use those beliefs to motivated their actions in achieving self-esteem and the promise of personal immortality. The “Socialization Process” consists of the information or teaching imparted to cultural members by their parents, siblings, and peers, and by the culture at large through priests, teachers, media sources, etc., from which individuals construct their LIEs.
30. Becker: “…people need a ‘beyond,’ but they reach first for the nearest one; this gives them the fulfillment they need but at the same time limits and enslaves them. You can look at the whole problem of a human life in this way. You can ask the question: What kind of beyond does this person try to expand in; and how much individuation does he achieve in it?
31. Summary Human Intelligence = Awareness of Death Awareness of Death = Death/Meaninglessness Anxiety Death/Meaninglessness Anxiety = Cultural Hero Systems Cultural Hero Systems = Construction of LIE for individual self-esteem and personal immortality via socialization process
32. The Human Problem Cultures have offered ineffective, trivial or destructive methods of heroism from which their members construct their LIEs. As a result, human history has been a sorry story of war, ignorance, cruelty, destruction. As a result, humanity has failed to reach its spiritual, intellectual and technological potential.
33. THE HUMAN INDICTMENTLife vs. Humanity Charge One: Failure To Ensure the Quality of Life for All Human Beings From its evolutionary manifestation between 50,000 to 100,000 years ago, until the present date, Humanity has failed to devise, develop or implement an organizational system, culture, or government, which ensures that all human beings are given a genuine and complete opportunity to pursue life, liberty and happiness. This failure has led to many obvious ills – abject poverty, hunger, the unnecessary spread of disease, ignorance and illiteracy.
34. Charge Two: Failure to Avoid and Prevent Wasteful Conflict and Warfare From its evolutionary manifestation between 50,000 to 100,000 years ago until the present date, Humanity has failed to devise, develop or implement an organizational system, culture, or government, which prevents groups of individuals from engaging in acts of conflict and supreme violence, known as warfare, against other groups of individuals. This failure has resulted in the death of millions upon million of human beings and in the destruction of entire civilizations and their infrastructure; moreover, in both the waging of, and preparation for, warfare and defense against warfare, the species has wasted incalculable economic, intellectual and scientific resources.
35. Charge Three Failure to Properly Seek the Comprehension of God and Nature From its evolutionary manifestation between 50,000 to 100,000 years ago until the present date, Humanity has failed to devise, develop or implement an organizational system, culture, or government, enabling it to suitably engage in the spiritual, intellectual and scientific study, examination and research so as to develop, over time, a more complete, if not complete, understanding and comprehension of the nature of God and the Cosmos.
36. Charge Four Failure to Ensure the Survivability of the Human Species From its evolutionary manifestation between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago until the present date, Humanity has failed to devise, develop or implement an organizational system, culture, or government, capable of ensuring the survival of the human species from possible natural or man-made cataclysm, such that it is certain, at the present level of technological achievement of the species, that mankind is doomed to extinction.
43. Why Hero Systems Fail Past and Present Cultural Hero Systems have failed to provide their members with heroic methods that: Satisfy the need for personal self-esteem; and, Satisfy the promise of personal immortality.
44. Becker: “The fact is that self-transcendence via culture does not give man a simple and straight-forward solution to the problem of death; the terror of death still rumbles underneath the cultural repression.”
45. Past and Present Hero Systems have not offered humanity with genuine self-esteem and a true sense of connection with immortality: Self-esteem is gained from trivial activities or those which are destructive or inimical to human progress and survival The promise of personal immortality is based on false cosmologies devised by religions
46. What Is Your LIE? Identify Your Beliefs: Religious Political Economic Social Romantic Sexual Artistic
47. Methods for Self-Esteem Creation Motivated By Beliefs: Religious Actions (Rituals) Attend Church; prayer; suicide bombers Political Actions Run for office; support candidates; vote Economic Actions Work; spend (consumerism/materialism) Social Actions Romantic Actions
48. Are You An Automatic Man or An Authentic Man Becker: “…Most people play it safe: they choose the beyond of standard transference objects like parents, the boss, or the leader; they accept he cultural definition of heroism and try to be a ‘good provider’ or a ‘solid’ citizen. In this way they earn their species immortality as part of a social group of some kind…”
49. “We shall require a substantially new manner of thinking if Mankind is to survive.” – Albert Einstein
51. The Genuine Hero System Based upon a belief in Humanity as another possibly sacred advance of Life toward a comprehension of God and the Cosmos. Based upon a belief in the sacred dignity and rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness by each human being. Based upon a belief in the possible existence of a Supreme or controlling force behind cosmic existence.
52. Self-esteem is gained by action methods designed to improve each individual’s quality of life; Self-esteem is gained by action methods designed to advance and enhance the survivability of the species; and, Personal immortality is gained by embarking on a personal and collective quest to comprehend the God Concept and the Cosmos through scientific examination and study, and spiritual and intellectual contemplation.
53. Implementation of GHS Individual acknowledgement that methods for attaining self-esteem and the promise of personal immortality offered by present cultural hero systems are false and ineffective, and do not advance humanity to its highest potential. Rejection of those present methods. Adoption of GHS methods for self-esteem construction.
54. Spreading the Word Socialization Process Education Parental Influences Friends and Family Media Memes and Ideaviruses A memeis a postulated unit of cultural ideas, symbols or practices, which can be transmitted from one mind to another through speech, gestures, rituals or other imitable phenomena. (Wikipedia)(See, Malcolm Gladwell, “The Tipping Point.” The ideas of Becker and The Human Manifesto must be spread like viruses to others through such things as book sales and The Foundation For Human Survival. Word of mouth.