This study was conducted in order to explore alternatives to the catastrophization of the future that freezes people and to identify in other disciplines (medicine, road safety, positive psychology, etc.) new positive levers that could be activated to effect mass-scale sustainable change in lifestyles, consumption, etc. The study was conducted in partnership with IKEA France, ADEME (the national Environmental Protection Agency) and ILEC/Prodimarques (an organization gathering brand manufacturers in food, drink, home and personal care) by the French Observatory specialised in responsible consumption "Mes Courses pour la Planète" (litterally "Shopping for a Better World").
Many experts were interviewed in the frame of this study including : Tal Ben-Shahar, Sally Uren (Forum for the Future), Solitaire Townsend (Futerra).
What is the Nudge Theory?
A mixure of beavourial economics, psychology, political theory, marketing and sales. Its the theory that considers how people make decisions – and how others impact them.
Towards Happiness: Possiblity-Driven DesignRojinMoghadam
A presentation on possibility-driven design as an alternative to the common problem-driven approach, based on a chapter of the book "Human-Computer Interaction: The Agency Perspective".
Authors: Pieter Desmet, Marc Hassenzahl
Publisher: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012
Presntation by Rojin Moghadam at the University of Tehran, 2019
Découvrez les principaux chiffres de ventes des produits de l'alimentation responsable pour l'année 2016 dans cette infographie.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez le rapport complet "Les Chiffres de la consommation responsable" - édition 2016, publiée sur mescoursespourlaplanete.com
Choix par défaut, choix sans défaut : vers des offres 100% responsablesGraines de Changement
Comment dépasser les limites de la consommation responsable ? Quels outils peuvent permettre de généraliser ce marché ? Et si la solution se situait du côté de l'offre plutôt que de la demande ?
Ces questions sont au coeur de notre nouvelle étude parue le 7 décembre. Elle se penche sur la pratique du choice editing, ou sélection positive, qui consiste pour les marques et distributeurs à cesser de vendre des produits nocifs pour l'environnement et les humains pour les remplacer par des alternatives responsables. Dans quelle mesure cet outil pourrait démocratiser la consommation responsable ? Quelles sont les bonnes pratiques du secteur ?
Pour la huitième année consécutive, l’étude « Les Chiffres de la consommation responsable 2015 » a pour objectif de rendre visible et lisible l’évolution de la consommation responsable sur différents marchés: alimentation, énergie, transports, et même ... finance et tourisme ! Au delà des intentions affichées par les consommateurs dans les enquêtes et sondages, nous voulons rendre compte du « passage à l’acte », en analysant les chiffres effectives des ventes (en volume et en valeur, dans l’hexagone) de produits et services responsables, sur tous les marchés possibles. Les grandes tendances de cette année montrent que si certains secteurs sont en repli (les pompes à chaleur et les transports en commun par exemple), cela est loin d’être représentatif de l’ensemble du marché de la consommation responsable qui progresse sur un très grand nombre de secteurs. Les Français sont de plus en plus nombreux à faire entrer la consommation responsable dans leur quotidien. Par ailleurs, les pratiques de consommation collaboratives se font une place de choix chez les consommateurs de l'Hexagone. Ce mode de consommation, qui privilégie l'usage plutôt que la propriété, confirme donc son essor.
What is the Nudge Theory?
A mixure of beavourial economics, psychology, political theory, marketing and sales. Its the theory that considers how people make decisions – and how others impact them.
Towards Happiness: Possiblity-Driven DesignRojinMoghadam
A presentation on possibility-driven design as an alternative to the common problem-driven approach, based on a chapter of the book "Human-Computer Interaction: The Agency Perspective".
Authors: Pieter Desmet, Marc Hassenzahl
Publisher: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012
Presntation by Rojin Moghadam at the University of Tehran, 2019
Découvrez les principaux chiffres de ventes des produits de l'alimentation responsable pour l'année 2016 dans cette infographie.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez le rapport complet "Les Chiffres de la consommation responsable" - édition 2016, publiée sur mescoursespourlaplanete.com
Choix par défaut, choix sans défaut : vers des offres 100% responsablesGraines de Changement
Comment dépasser les limites de la consommation responsable ? Quels outils peuvent permettre de généraliser ce marché ? Et si la solution se situait du côté de l'offre plutôt que de la demande ?
Ces questions sont au coeur de notre nouvelle étude parue le 7 décembre. Elle se penche sur la pratique du choice editing, ou sélection positive, qui consiste pour les marques et distributeurs à cesser de vendre des produits nocifs pour l'environnement et les humains pour les remplacer par des alternatives responsables. Dans quelle mesure cet outil pourrait démocratiser la consommation responsable ? Quelles sont les bonnes pratiques du secteur ?
Pour la huitième année consécutive, l’étude « Les Chiffres de la consommation responsable 2015 » a pour objectif de rendre visible et lisible l’évolution de la consommation responsable sur différents marchés: alimentation, énergie, transports, et même ... finance et tourisme ! Au delà des intentions affichées par les consommateurs dans les enquêtes et sondages, nous voulons rendre compte du « passage à l’acte », en analysant les chiffres effectives des ventes (en volume et en valeur, dans l’hexagone) de produits et services responsables, sur tous les marchés possibles. Les grandes tendances de cette année montrent que si certains secteurs sont en repli (les pompes à chaleur et les transports en commun par exemple), cela est loin d’être représentatif de l’ensemble du marché de la consommation responsable qui progresse sur un très grand nombre de secteurs. Les Français sont de plus en plus nombreux à faire entrer la consommation responsable dans leur quotidien. Par ailleurs, les pratiques de consommation collaboratives se font une place de choix chez les consommateurs de l'Hexagone. Ce mode de consommation, qui privilégie l'usage plutôt que la propriété, confirme donc son essor.
"Tendances Durables 2016" : la revue annuelle de tendances sur la consommatio...Graines de Changement
Quelles sont les tendances qui dessinent le futur de la consommation responsable ?
Découvrez un extrait de l'étude "Tendances Durables 2016" réalisée par Mes Courses pour la Planète. Au programme : 11 tendances décryptées par notre équipe et illustrées par plus de quarante exemples issus de notre veille.
Contactez-nous pour vous procurer l'intégralité de l'étude afin d'enrichir vos pitchs, compléter votre travail de veille et nourrir votre prospective, définir de nouvelles pistes d'innovation pour "prendre le changement par la main avant qu'il ne vous prenne par la gorge" (comme le disait Churchill) ...
Plus d'infos auprès de julie(arobase)grainesdechangement(point)com
Présentation des chiffres de l'enquête "Les Français, la consommation locale ...Graines de Changement
Présentation de la nouvelle étude « Les Français, la consommation locale et le digital » et du nouveau cahier prospectif "La Vie Locale" de l’observatoire de la consommation responsable "Mes Courses pour la Planète" réalisés en partenariat avec SoLocal Group, leader européen de la communication digitale et locale.
Étude "La vie locale : ré-enraciner la consommation pour des territoires plu...Graines de Changement
Impossible d’y échapper ces dernières années… Au-delà du simple panier du consommateur, le local a infusé bien des secteurs comme le tourisme, les médias, la santé, l’énergie ou encore la finance. On le consomme, on le produit, on le cherche, on vit local. Il n’est plus une affaire de géographie et de lieu de production mais bien une question profondément humaine - qui concerne aussi notre relation aux autres, et la relation entre tous les individus qui vivent et travaillent ensemble dans une même communauté.
Consommer des produits locaux est-il l’un des moyens privilégiés de « consommer mieux » ? Quel est le potentiel social, économique et environnemental du local ? Quels sont les comportements des consommateurs français en la matière ? Le digital peut-il être une arme au service du local ?
Ces questionnements sont au cœur de la nouvelle enquête* « Les Français, la consommation locale et le digital », réalisée par l’Observatoire de la consommation responsable Mescoursespourlaplanete.com, en partenariat avec SoLocal qui accompagne au quotidien la communication digitale de plus 500 000 TPE/PME à travers tout l’Hexagone. Cette enquête a été réalisée dans le cadre de la nouvelle étude « La vie locale » réalisée par Mescoursespourlaplanete.com dans le cadre de sa collection de cahiers prospectifs « Next Practice »
Ce catalogue présente les produits que propose notre Agence en cadeaux d'entreprise. Découvrez nos objets de luxe et haut de gamme qui serviront à raffermir les liens entre votre partenaire ou client et votre entreprise.
Etude "La Vie Happy - changer les comportements pour changer le monde" (versi...Graines de Changement
Publiée en janvier 2016, l'étude "La Vie Happy - changer les comportements pour changer le monde " a été réalisée par l'Observatoire de la consommation responsable Mes Courses pour la Planète, en partenariat avec l'Ademe, IKEA France et l'Ilec-Prodimarques.
A l'heure de la crise économique, force est de constater que le discours rationnel ou catastrophiste sur la disparition des écosystèmes, la menace climatique ou l'épuisement des ressources ne suffit pas à déclencher, chez la majorité des citoyens-consommateurs, le changement de comportement attendu.
Comment changer d'approche pour "embarquer" le plus grand nombre, déclencher le passage à l'acte et pérenniser le changement des comportements ? C'est le point de départ de cette étude, qui s'inspire d'expériences innovantes et d'interview d'experts variés (psychologie positive, médecine/santé, entrepreneurs, prospectivistes, ONG, média, sociologie/anthropologie) pour donner des clés de compréhension et surtout des pistes d'actions à tous les acteurs de la transition vers des modes de vie plus durables.
Etude "La vente en vrac - pratiques & perspectives" réalisée avec l'AdemeGraines de Changement
Véritable tendance de fond, la vente en vrac, un mode de distribution réputé écologique, a le vent en poupe en ces temps de crise, tant en France qu’à l’étranger, dans des domaines classiques (produits alimentaires secs, liquides ou frais) mais aussi moins attendus (produits cosmétiques, détergents, peintures, etc.) et dans tous les circuits de distribution (surfaces spécialisées, supermarchés, etc.). L’objectif de cette étude, publiée avec le soutien de l'ADEME en décembre 2012, est de recenser ces initiatives et d’analyser leurs retours d’expérience, afin si possible de faire le point sur les impacts notamment environnementaux et économiques de la vente en vrac, chez le consommateur et plus généralement, et de comprendre comment déployer cette tendance au-delà d'initiatives pilotes ou d'acteurs militants.
Infographie "Les Français, la consommation locale et le digital : perceptions...Graines de Changement
Impossible d’y échapper ces dernières années… Au-delà du simple panier du consommateur, le local a infusé bien des secteurs comme le tourisme, les médias, la santé, l’énergie ou encore la finance. On le consomme, on le produit, on le cherche, on vit local. Il n’est plus une affaire de géographie et de lieu de production mais bien une question profondément humaine - qui concerne aussi notre relation aux autres, et la relation entre tous les individus qui vivent et travaillent ensemble dans une même communauté.
Consommer des produits locaux est-il l’un des moyens privilégiés de « consommer mieux » ? Quel est le potentiel social, économique et environnemental du local ? Quels sont les comportements des consommateurs français en la matière ? Le digital peut-il être une arme au service du local ?
Ces questionnements sont au cœur de la nouvelle enquête* « Les Français, la consommation locale et le digital », réalisée par l’Observatoire de la consommation responsable Mescoursespourlaplanete.com, en partenariat avec SoLocal qui accompagne au quotidien la communication digitale de plus 500 000 TPE/PME à travers tout l’Hexagone. Cette enquête a été réalisée dans le cadre de la nouvelle étude « La vie locale » réalisée par Mescoursespourlaplanete.com dans le cadre de sa collection de cahiers prospectifs « Next Practice »
Sustainability 3.0: Individuals make the difference.René P.M. Stevens
Sustainability and corporate social responsibility may be topics of interest, but they have little to do with individuals. How can an individual contribute to a sustainable world, now and in the future? Businesses can have an effect by involving their employees in their sustainability policy. For them however, it is not enough to say that they work in a sustainable building. The more important point is whether their behaviour inside that building is sustainable. Facility managers can encourage this kind of behaviour. Author: René P.M. Stevens MSC Arch./MBA. First published in the Dutch Facility Management Magazine, November 2010.
Sustainability and corporate social responsibility may be topics of interest, but they have little to do with individuals. How can an individual contribute to a sustainable world, now and in the future? Businesses can have an effect by involving their employees in their sustainability policy. For them however, it is not enough to say that they work in a sustainable building. The more important point is whether their behaviour inside that building is sustainable. Facility managers can encourage this kind of behaviour. Author: René P.M. Stevens MSC Arch./MBA. First published in the Dutch Facility Management Magazine, November 2010.
Sustainable Procurement - The Power of Public and Private Consumption for an ...FGV Brazil
Written in a journalistic language, still preserving the academic rigor, the text is lighthearted and inspiring, and its greatest goal emerges: to guide policies and foster sustainable institutional procurement practices.
GVces - Center for Sustainability Studies
www.gvces.com.br
What is Shared Value thinking? What has unleashed the change of thinking?
What kind of societal and economic importance does Shared Value thinking
have in particular for the future rating of companies and for society in general?
Executive Summary of Diploma Thesis, Executive School of Management,
Technology and Law (ES-HSG), University of St. Gallen
«Continuing Education in Politics» 6th instance 2014
"Tendances Durables 2016" : la revue annuelle de tendances sur la consommatio...Graines de Changement
Quelles sont les tendances qui dessinent le futur de la consommation responsable ?
Découvrez un extrait de l'étude "Tendances Durables 2016" réalisée par Mes Courses pour la Planète. Au programme : 11 tendances décryptées par notre équipe et illustrées par plus de quarante exemples issus de notre veille.
Contactez-nous pour vous procurer l'intégralité de l'étude afin d'enrichir vos pitchs, compléter votre travail de veille et nourrir votre prospective, définir de nouvelles pistes d'innovation pour "prendre le changement par la main avant qu'il ne vous prenne par la gorge" (comme le disait Churchill) ...
Plus d'infos auprès de julie(arobase)grainesdechangement(point)com
Présentation des chiffres de l'enquête "Les Français, la consommation locale ...Graines de Changement
Présentation de la nouvelle étude « Les Français, la consommation locale et le digital » et du nouveau cahier prospectif "La Vie Locale" de l’observatoire de la consommation responsable "Mes Courses pour la Planète" réalisés en partenariat avec SoLocal Group, leader européen de la communication digitale et locale.
Étude "La vie locale : ré-enraciner la consommation pour des territoires plu...Graines de Changement
Impossible d’y échapper ces dernières années… Au-delà du simple panier du consommateur, le local a infusé bien des secteurs comme le tourisme, les médias, la santé, l’énergie ou encore la finance. On le consomme, on le produit, on le cherche, on vit local. Il n’est plus une affaire de géographie et de lieu de production mais bien une question profondément humaine - qui concerne aussi notre relation aux autres, et la relation entre tous les individus qui vivent et travaillent ensemble dans une même communauté.
Consommer des produits locaux est-il l’un des moyens privilégiés de « consommer mieux » ? Quel est le potentiel social, économique et environnemental du local ? Quels sont les comportements des consommateurs français en la matière ? Le digital peut-il être une arme au service du local ?
Ces questionnements sont au cœur de la nouvelle enquête* « Les Français, la consommation locale et le digital », réalisée par l’Observatoire de la consommation responsable Mescoursespourlaplanete.com, en partenariat avec SoLocal qui accompagne au quotidien la communication digitale de plus 500 000 TPE/PME à travers tout l’Hexagone. Cette enquête a été réalisée dans le cadre de la nouvelle étude « La vie locale » réalisée par Mescoursespourlaplanete.com dans le cadre de sa collection de cahiers prospectifs « Next Practice »
Ce catalogue présente les produits que propose notre Agence en cadeaux d'entreprise. Découvrez nos objets de luxe et haut de gamme qui serviront à raffermir les liens entre votre partenaire ou client et votre entreprise.
Etude "La Vie Happy - changer les comportements pour changer le monde" (versi...Graines de Changement
Publiée en janvier 2016, l'étude "La Vie Happy - changer les comportements pour changer le monde " a été réalisée par l'Observatoire de la consommation responsable Mes Courses pour la Planète, en partenariat avec l'Ademe, IKEA France et l'Ilec-Prodimarques.
A l'heure de la crise économique, force est de constater que le discours rationnel ou catastrophiste sur la disparition des écosystèmes, la menace climatique ou l'épuisement des ressources ne suffit pas à déclencher, chez la majorité des citoyens-consommateurs, le changement de comportement attendu.
Comment changer d'approche pour "embarquer" le plus grand nombre, déclencher le passage à l'acte et pérenniser le changement des comportements ? C'est le point de départ de cette étude, qui s'inspire d'expériences innovantes et d'interview d'experts variés (psychologie positive, médecine/santé, entrepreneurs, prospectivistes, ONG, média, sociologie/anthropologie) pour donner des clés de compréhension et surtout des pistes d'actions à tous les acteurs de la transition vers des modes de vie plus durables.
Etude "La vente en vrac - pratiques & perspectives" réalisée avec l'AdemeGraines de Changement
Véritable tendance de fond, la vente en vrac, un mode de distribution réputé écologique, a le vent en poupe en ces temps de crise, tant en France qu’à l’étranger, dans des domaines classiques (produits alimentaires secs, liquides ou frais) mais aussi moins attendus (produits cosmétiques, détergents, peintures, etc.) et dans tous les circuits de distribution (surfaces spécialisées, supermarchés, etc.). L’objectif de cette étude, publiée avec le soutien de l'ADEME en décembre 2012, est de recenser ces initiatives et d’analyser leurs retours d’expérience, afin si possible de faire le point sur les impacts notamment environnementaux et économiques de la vente en vrac, chez le consommateur et plus généralement, et de comprendre comment déployer cette tendance au-delà d'initiatives pilotes ou d'acteurs militants.
Infographie "Les Français, la consommation locale et le digital : perceptions...Graines de Changement
Impossible d’y échapper ces dernières années… Au-delà du simple panier du consommateur, le local a infusé bien des secteurs comme le tourisme, les médias, la santé, l’énergie ou encore la finance. On le consomme, on le produit, on le cherche, on vit local. Il n’est plus une affaire de géographie et de lieu de production mais bien une question profondément humaine - qui concerne aussi notre relation aux autres, et la relation entre tous les individus qui vivent et travaillent ensemble dans une même communauté.
Consommer des produits locaux est-il l’un des moyens privilégiés de « consommer mieux » ? Quel est le potentiel social, économique et environnemental du local ? Quels sont les comportements des consommateurs français en la matière ? Le digital peut-il être une arme au service du local ?
Ces questionnements sont au cœur de la nouvelle enquête* « Les Français, la consommation locale et le digital », réalisée par l’Observatoire de la consommation responsable Mescoursespourlaplanete.com, en partenariat avec SoLocal qui accompagne au quotidien la communication digitale de plus 500 000 TPE/PME à travers tout l’Hexagone. Cette enquête a été réalisée dans le cadre de la nouvelle étude « La vie locale » réalisée par Mescoursespourlaplanete.com dans le cadre de sa collection de cahiers prospectifs « Next Practice »
Sustainability 3.0: Individuals make the difference.René P.M. Stevens
Sustainability and corporate social responsibility may be topics of interest, but they have little to do with individuals. How can an individual contribute to a sustainable world, now and in the future? Businesses can have an effect by involving their employees in their sustainability policy. For them however, it is not enough to say that they work in a sustainable building. The more important point is whether their behaviour inside that building is sustainable. Facility managers can encourage this kind of behaviour. Author: René P.M. Stevens MSC Arch./MBA. First published in the Dutch Facility Management Magazine, November 2010.
Sustainability and corporate social responsibility may be topics of interest, but they have little to do with individuals. How can an individual contribute to a sustainable world, now and in the future? Businesses can have an effect by involving their employees in their sustainability policy. For them however, it is not enough to say that they work in a sustainable building. The more important point is whether their behaviour inside that building is sustainable. Facility managers can encourage this kind of behaviour. Author: René P.M. Stevens MSC Arch./MBA. First published in the Dutch Facility Management Magazine, November 2010.
Sustainable Procurement - The Power of Public and Private Consumption for an ...FGV Brazil
Written in a journalistic language, still preserving the academic rigor, the text is lighthearted and inspiring, and its greatest goal emerges: to guide policies and foster sustainable institutional procurement practices.
GVces - Center for Sustainability Studies
www.gvces.com.br
What is Shared Value thinking? What has unleashed the change of thinking?
What kind of societal and economic importance does Shared Value thinking
have in particular for the future rating of companies and for society in general?
Executive Summary of Diploma Thesis, Executive School of Management,
Technology and Law (ES-HSG), University of St. Gallen
«Continuing Education in Politics» 6th instance 2014
Marco Lucisano - Consumer perceptions, current trends and the role of materia...RISE Bioeconomy
Presentation by Marco Lucisano, RISE Bioeconomy, Vice President Papermaking and Packaging, at the Swedish conference "Livsmedelsförpackningar i fokus", Stockholm, April 27th, 2017.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
2. Page 2
“Mes Courses pour la Planète” (litterally « Shopping for a Better World ») was initially set up at the
end of 2007 as an informational website specialised in responsible consumption with three key
tasks:
• informing the public;
• supporting public and private initiatives;
• conducting forward-looking research and studies, and investigating trends.
“Mes Courses pour la Planète” is an initiative by “Graines de Changement” [“Seeds of Change”], a
venture created by Elisabeth Laville, who also founded the leading French sustainability consul-
tancy Utopies in 1993 and is the author of an official report about the French policy on sustainable
consumption, provided to the French Minister of Environment Nathalie Kosciuko-Morizet in ja-
nuary 2011.
www.mescoursespourlaplanete.com
A
dopting a more sustainable lifestyle should not be a luxury reserved for a privileged few and that
requires compromises. IKEA intends to help the millions of people, whose lives we touch every year,
to adopt new daily behaviours, so as to show that each of us can act at our own level, and to prove the
existence of affordable products and solutions that are easy to implement. A key issue for our company,
which will allow us to meet the social and environmental challenges of our times, is therefore to gain a
better understanding of how to promote and more effectively support sustainable lifestyles.
Carole Brozyna-Diagne, Country Sustainability Director, IKEA France
A
DEME (The National French Environmental Protection & Energy Agency) decided to partner
with Mes Courses pour la Planète Shop for the Planet to conduct this study, which is designed
to analyse and gain perspective on the new forms of communication, and, more broadly, on new
approaches to change management that could be implemented on sustainability issues. The main
challenge is to promote a a compelling vision of the future and to make sustainable change appear
not only necessary but also desirable; we also need to demonstrate that ecology can be a source of
environmental, social, and economic innovation leading to a view of a more positive future.
Valérie Martin, Head of the Communication and Information Department, ADEME
I
lec-Prodimarques gathers together companies that market mass consumer products and share a
common value: a brand that symbolises their standard of excellence. Even though they are not
perfect, these companies are aware of their responsibility to society and are constantly looking for
new ways to adapt their operations and products. This is why Ilec-Prodimarques is very interested
in this study, which explores new ways of helping society progress.
Richard Panquiault, Managing Director of Ilec-Prodimarques
Partners
3. Page 3
The starting point of this study, which has been published with the support of Ilec-Prodimarques,
ADEME,andIKEA,isasimpleobservation,whichhasoftenbeenmadeinAnglo-Saxonecological
circles in recent years: “The catastrophisation of the future freezes people,” as the entrepreneur
and social activist Paul Hawken said with great lucidity at a conference in California in 2013. In
other words, the “traditional” doomsday rhetoric of sustainable development and global warming,
with its “the world is coming to an end” message, is no longer achieving its purpose, especially in
times of crisis when the future already seems very uncertain. For those inclined to self-criticism, the
sustainability movement is currently failing to make the lifestyle it is calling for and the future it is
proposing seem positive and attractive.
We have therefore chosen to explore the hypothesis that the time has come to learn to see the glass
as half full rather than half empty. According to psychiatrists1
, one can learn to be optimistic, and this
will have a significant positive impact on one’s health – which is an argument in line with sustainable
development.
The key lessons from the interviews and studies we have conducted are numerous, fruitful, and
also tend to corroborate with one another (which is good news). They all indicate that change need
not be initiated but must rather be encouraged since it has already begun, and since a new society
is already forming around us. They also indicate that, since a hellish prospect is hard to sell, we
need a positive and enthusiastic political vision of the coming future that will create both the desire
to change and an impatience for the future to arrive (which will help us get through the difficult
transition years and accept the work that needs to be done). Finally, they outline the frontiers of an
improved society in which one can create a better life – a society in which each stakeholder takes
on his or her responsibility rather than relying on others, in which we build on our successes rather
than on our failures, in which we use our individual and collective ability to change, or, as Tal Ben-
Shahar has said, “in which we avoid the tyranny of the OR and embrace the genius of the AND”, thus
discovering that sustainable development is both for the future AND the present, for the future of our
planet AND for the future of each of us, for reason AND for pleasure, etc.
The starting point of this study is that, when it comes to sustainable development, acting upon
behabiours is both crucial and necessary. Regardless of the scenario considered, developed countries
will need to reduce their consumption of resources by 50% to 80% in the next 30 to 50 years according
to the UNDP and Futuribles – by making major reductions in consumption and major lifestyle
changes. The International Energy Agency (IEA) is conveying the same message when it states
that technological progress will only account for 50% of the reduction in greenhouse gases, and that
lifestyle and behavioural changes must account for the other 50%. There can therefore no longer be
any doubt: ordinary consumers will have a larger say than policy makers in determining the future
of our planet.
However, our study shows that the overwhelming tendency is to think of behavioural change in top-
down terms. In fact, the reaction of economic and political decision-makers to the findings mentioned
above seems to be that change must be imposed on people “from on high”, and that they must be
made to understand what they either could not understand on their own or would negate with their
behaviour. Precisely this vision is behind the success of the so-called “nudge” – a subtle method to
induce the right decisions, which has the advantage of being inexpensive and painless since it leaves
the choice up to the public and is relatively easy to implement (which is important in areas where
“urgent action is required”). The best known type of “nudge” is the “choice-editing”. An example is
a hotel not providing fresh towels every day unless specifically requested to do so by the customer.
1) For example, see the book by Christophe André or “Optimiste” by Alain Braconnier (Odile Jacob, 2014).
I. WHY THE CURRENT METHODS
TO CHANGE OUR BEHAVIOURS
DO NOT WORK…
4. Page 4
Furthermore, no matter whether the issue is global warming, health, road safety, or crime prevention,
we like to think that the facts can lead people to change their behaviour – because we like to think that
people are essentially “rational” and will act in their own best interests if given the right information.
We have, after all, grown up thinking that “knowledge is power”. However, we are now forced to
conclude that simply publishing statistics and risks does not lead people to change their behaviour.
The latest findings of neuroscience regarding the brain shed light on this issue: facts, information
and fear required to counter our rational sense of cause and effect create so much stress in us
that our prefrontal cortex – which governs our ability to steadfastly confront complex problems –
is “disconnected”. This then causes people to withdraw with a sense of failure, a situation that is
not conducive to their changing their behaviour. Conversely, it has already been shown that, by
changing the way one addresses people, one can change their “mental mode” and put them in a state
of awareness that allows them to act reasonably since it engages their prefrontal cortex (the seat of
adaptation, resilience, creativity, management of complex issues, intelligence, serenity, altruism, and
empathy, etc.). In other words: The more people are talked down to by, in particular, corporate and
political decision-makers as if people were incapable of understanding or changing, and as if they
carried sole responsibility for the problem because they are resistant to change, the more likely it
is that one ends up with the behaviour one wishes to avoid. This is the very definition of the Golem
effect pointed out by the American psychologist Robert Rosenthal.
Thus, a serious obstacle to the promotion of companies’ sustainable development solutions is the
belief that they must keep it simple, i.e. simplistic, since, otherwise, the average consumers “Jane
and John Public” will not understand. The result is that marketing departments regard consumers
as shopping carts to be filled rather than viewing them for what they are: individuals perfectly aware
of the challenges they face – who are often more willing to change than corporations or politicians.
INITIATIVE // The “default option” or the most effective
“nudge” to date
When the Germany energy supplier Energiedienst GmbH offered its
customers three different rates – a default “green” rate, and two alternative
rates (a rate that was less “green” and 8% cheaper, or an even “greener” rate
that was, however, 23% more expensive) – 94% of its customers chose the
default option, and only 4% opted for one of the other two.
INITIATIVE // Citizens’ conferences
Thecitizens’conferenceisaparticipativedemocratictoolcreated
in Denmark during the 1980s as an innovative way to allow for
citizens to deliberate and provide policy recommendations for
public authorities… A panel of some twenty citizens is created
to address a given topic, and discuss it with experts and the
various stakeholders. The panel then draws up an opinion based
on its findings and – above all – its recommendations to the
elected officials and opinion leaders. This initiative regularly
demonstrates that non-experts are able to understand complex
issues and act in the general interest.
5. Page 5
Another important lesson is that, from the point of view of (positive) psychology, fear and its
corollaries (rewards, punishments, etc.) have adverse effects on our ability to solve problems that
require us to think differently. Conversely, our own positive emotions and individual motivations help
us think more globally and increase creativity and the probability of devising integrated solutions.
Nevertheless, because the predominant vision is that of a problem that must be solved in order to
avoid impending disaster, this approach has virtually never been applied to sustainable development
issues, which present challenges that require more creativity and global thinking.
In a practical sense, however, change is already taking place – bottom up rather than the top down
– and a new vision is already forming since, even when subject to restrictions, the new behaviours
(community-supported agriculture, the local food movement, car-sharing, buying cooperatives, etc.)
have unexpected positive effects. People now simply want to live differently in order to live better,
with fewer possessions but more connections. These are concrete, positive aspirations – and they are
diametrically opposed to doomsday scenarios.
If we are to change our way of life, such collective initiatives are essential since we all live in
communities.Medicinehasshowntheeffectivenessofapproachesbasedonanemotionalrelationship
with a person or group that believes things will change. Our purchasing patterns are in large part
determined by the social norms that govern our lives (ritual gifts, fashion, means of communication,
etc.). In short, to consume is to participate in society, but, contrary to the view that, as consumers, we
express our free will, individual consumers do not always have choices. As Montesquieu reminded
us, lifestyles, once referred to as “customs”, are not dictated by law but by force of example. The need
to modify “social norms” to the point where behaviour changes give the media, celebrities, and luxury
brands a potentially important role (which has so far remained largely unfilled).
INITIATIVE // Dean Ornish’s work with cardiac patients
Although patients who have undergone triple bypass surgery know
that they need to change their habits in order to prevent their problem
from recurring, nine out of ten do not change – and this despite having
received dire warnings from their physicians.
Dr Dean Ornish has developed a programme that has virtually reversed
this success rate by taking advantage of a positive group dynamic,
adopting new positive routines that improve well-being (a vegetarian
diet, daily yoga and meditation sessions), and making plans to use the
extra years of life gained to pursue a passion.
INITIATIVE // Huffington Post’s “What’s Working”
Ariana Huffington launched her global editorial project “What’s Working” at the 2015 Davos
World Economic Forum. It aims to double Huffington Post’s coverage of global positive news.
The goal is clear: « While we will continue to cover the stories of what’s not working as relent-
lessly as we always have, we want to go beyond “If it bleeds, it leads.” By telling the stories of
people and communities doing amazing things, overcoming great odds and coming up with
solutions to the very real challenges they face, we hope that we can scale up these solutions
and create a positive contagion that can expand and broaden their reach and application. »
6. Page 6
The bestseller “Built to Last” by Jim Collins and Jerry Porras draws lessons from a number of
companies that have enjoyed long-term success. It is interesting to see how the rules these companies
have developed can be employed to make sustainable development a success.
The first rule developed by these companies is to create a positive vision of a future to which they
intend to contribute. In contrast to the hell we are assured global warming will cause (refugees,
catastrophes, etc.), there is no doubt a message to which the world would respond positively, one
which would touch people’s hearts and minds, and even change their behaviours, is one presenting
a positive vision of a future that we all want to help create – a message that the ecological movement
has to date failed to communicate. We need a positive vision of the low-carbon future, one that is as
visually attractive as possible, an ideal presented with a sweeping story (that mirrors the world), but
capable of individual, personal application (how it affects my life).
INITIATIVE // The South Korean Green Card
In 2011, the South Korean government instituted a compre-
hensive eco-reward programme called the “Green Card”. It
allows cardholders to collect points that can be transformed
into money by reducing their water and energy (electricity
and gas) consumption at home, or by using public transpor-
tation and buying eco-labelled products. The card is issued
free of charge, and is already held by 5 million Koreans.
II. PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLES:
NEW LEVERS TO CHANGE BEHAVIOUR
INITIATIVE // San Francisco, the first “zero-waste” city in the world
In 2002, the city of San Francisco in the United States became the first in the world to set itself
the goal of producing zero waste (= recycling or composting 100% of its waste) by 2020. This
programme, which includes awareness-raising campaigns and tax and financial incentives
for the most exemplary households, stimulates more sustainable behaviours and is on its way
to meeting its original ambitious goal.
7. Page 7
If sustainable development is both our present and our future, we must bet more on continuity than
on disruption. The discussion of these subjects, as currently conducted, tends to speak of what must
end, but an increasing number of experts think that, on the contrary, we must draw upon what is
already being done since disruption leads to the dual problem of alarmism, on the one hand, and
stigmatisation and finger-pointing, on the other. The “appreciative inquiry” technique of positive
psychology has shown us that we learn more from our experiences when we succeed, and, above
all, that talking about such experiences increases the successful effect they have on us. Allowing
success stories to emerge permits positive change. This is first of all due to the power of such stories
and our imagination, which are in any case more powerful than numbers or statistics (take the recent
example of the refugee problem: we had all the statistics, but did not react until we saw a photo of
a dead child on a beach); but it is also due to the power of positive stories, and to what they have
changed, both individually and collectively, in the lives of those who experienced them.
The fundamental challenge, therefore, is not to tell people what they can do for sustainable
development but rather what sustainable development can do for them. In the end, the goals are not
just altruistic ones, such as saving polar bears, but also to help people live the “good life” Aristotle
advocated, and to encourage people to get back in touch with their joy in life, since it is precisely the
gap between joy and life that triggers compensation mechanisms – one of which is over-consumption!
For this reason, we must also urgently develop other strategies than the consumption of material
goods to fulfill our need to belong, to be recognised, and to participate in society – something akin to
civil service, which meets these needs for our youth.
INITIATIVE // The web platform collectively.org
The platform collectively.org was created in 2014 with the support of companies including
Google, Facebook, Unilever, and Marks Spencer. It turns its back on the media’s fascination
with pessimism and catastrophes and brings individual positive stories and inspiring
initiatives to the young consumers of Generation Y. It doesn’t even use the term “sustainable
development”, and prefers to speak of positive aspirations and lifestyles rather than scholarly
research and statistics.
INITIATIVE // The ESPACE programme
ESPACE (a school-based programme with an environmental
component designed to educate and raise awareness among
young people regarding alcohol and, so, prevent abuse), which
was launched in 2009/2010, aims to improve the self-esteem
and psycho-social skills of young people in order to prevent
addictive behaviours and promote responsible consumption,
in particular in the area of alcohol.
8. Page 8
It is also interesting to use this same approach, which is based on people and their experiences, to
take advantage of “life moments” in which people are more susceptible to the promise of a better life,
and more disposed to change their lifestyle – such as at the birth of a child.
In short, anything that can cause people to shake off old habits, and help them acquire new ones, is
welcome. Seen in this light, using “nudges” might be legitimate if one assumes that people are ready
to change, but that, when the time comes to put their new lifestyle into practice on a daily basis, for a
variety of reasons, they do not always make the right choice (under the influence of social norms or
their neighbours, due to the way in which the choice was presented to them, etc.). The nudge is that
subtle push in the right direction that helps people take action and frees them from the constraints of
the current global, finger-pointing discourse – provided that everyone agrees that other approaches
must immediately follow (such as information, financial incentives, or restrictions).
Since, as we have seen, social norms are particularly decisive when it comes to making purchasing
decisions, it is equally important that we repeatedly practise the new behaviours, and turn them
into “normal” habits appropriate to all ages. The importance of social norms suggests another tool:
the use of media personalities as examples, ideally those not already known for their commitments
to such issues – athletes, actors, artists, etc. Elites can also help change social norms since they set
fashions – no matter whether they are comedians, intellectuals, or spokespersons for luxury brands.
This is a powerful tool that can be used in the media, television, film, and serials. It is a well-known
fact that social dynamics evolve both by imitation and differentiation, and so we should take these
factors into consideration.
Tal Ben Shahar, the “star” proponent of positive psychology, believes that “an important lesson to
be learned from the psychology of the 1960s is that, in the end, people’s actions are less determined
by their personality than by their social environment”. Given this, another lever that simplifies and
facilitates implementation of the transition is to reduce the cost of sustainable versus conventional
products and behaviours – by providing a price signal that takes the actual impact of the products
into account. However, the “cost” to be reduced is not only financial, but rather should also include
the effort involved and ease of access.
INITIATIVE // IKEA’s “Sustainability You” programme
In 2015, IKEA launched the “Sustainability You” programme that, with its collective dynamic,
aims to help households live more sustainably by offering them a coach and EUR 500 in IKEA
products and solutions adapted to their needs (energy optimisation, water conservation,
waste sorting, etc.). This has led to average energy savings of 12% and a 4% reduction in water
consumption!
9. Page 9
It would be wrong to assign the responsibility to change to a single stakeholder group (much less
to consumers, who cannot act in concert to defend themselves), since the transition to sustainable
lifestyleswillnotsucceedunlesseachofthetriadofstakeholdergroups–publicauthorities,businesses,
and consumers, to which one could also add the media – accepts its responsibility without waiting for
the others to act first. In addition, one of the most important conclusions of this study is that, in order
to change others, one must first change oneself. Here then are our key recommendations for the key
stakeholder groups. They should be read keeping in mind that many of the actions required can only
be implemented if these groups learn to collaborate in new ways.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BUSINESSES
• First of all, assume a public role and contribute to issues of general interest (for example, in areas
such as health, the environment, and employment) that fall within core business areas in order to
help improve quality of life and present an attractive vision of a sustainable future.
• Opt for “choice editing” and express commitments in product offerings. According to GlobeScan,
78% of European opinion leaders now think that businesses should offer sustainable instead of,
not just in addition to, conventional products. This is referred to as the “choice editing” or “default
choice” approach. Marketing should then ensure that customers accept the transition of all
the products.
• Democratise sustainable product offerings so as to reach a broader range of customers, while at the
same time ensuring that the highest price is not paid by those who exhibit sustainable behaviours
but rather by those who choose less sustainable options whose impact ultimately costs more.
III. IN CONCLUSION: A FEW
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
THE STAKEHOLDERS
INITIATIVE // The Eurêcook project in Dijon
(France)
For the launch, in September 2015, of its new kitchen
equipmentleasingservice,Eurêcook,SEBenteredinto
a multi-party partnership with the association Envie
(for logistics and maintenance), public authorities
(the Urban Community of Greater Dijon, the City of
Dijon, ADEME), and private entities (among them the
Casino Group, which is providing the equipment).
INITIATIVE // When businesses commit
to making all their products sustainable
Setting aside SME pioneers, and “green” product
lines designed for consumers of the “bobo”
generation, major national companies, as well as
global groups such as Marks Spencer, Philips,
Nike, IKEA, and Starbucks, have recently begun a
transformation of most if not all of their product lines,
which they will complete within the next few years.
10. Page 10
• Improve marketing attitudes and messages by not treating customers as shopping carts to be filled
but rather as individuals sensitive to the positive aspects of brands who are aware of challenges
despite complexities and budget constraints.
• Train marketers (initially, and also throughout their careers) on the necessary and unavoidable
sustainable development transitions, to help them understand the great power brands can have to
change behaviours and create new social norms, and to show them how certain brands succeed in
turningtheirpositivemessageandsocialandenvironmentalcommitmentstocommercialadvantage.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE MEDIA
•Talkaboutwhatworksand,eachtimeaproblemispointedout,alsomentionsolutions.Themediaare
verygoodatpointingoutwhatiswrongwithoursocieties,butrarelyifevertakethetimetoinvestigate
what needs to be done to solve the problems. The defenders of “civic journalism” maintain that the
content that fills the newspaper columns and television screens should inspire people to participate
in community life. The goal is no more and no less than to redefine the media’s role in public life, as
proposed by the association “Reporters d’espoirs” [“Reporters of Hope”], formed in France in 2003 to
promote “solution-based” information regarding economic, social, and environmental issues.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PUBLIC AUTHORITIES
• Construct a positive vision of the future and an attractive social project capable of being the
“new frontier” for an entire generation. The transition to more sustainable lifestyles is a cultural
and psychological revolution that will not take place without a clear political vision that sets out
attractive, positive, ambitious, and radical goals, and provides clear and concrete guidelines on how
to achieve them. San Francisco’s goal of “Zero Waste by 2020”, Costa Rica’s goal of “Carbon Neutrality
by 2021”, the goal of “100% Local Renewable Energy by 2030” by the Community of the Communes of
Mené (Bretagne), and Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness index are all examples of such collective,
motivating visions.
• Provide a more balanced view of the current situation while also taking an interest in the future.
We must simultaneously provide more balanced media coverage of current events (in the 1990s, the
number of articles in the American media mentioning murder increased by more than 500% even
though the homicide rate dropped by more than 40% during that time), and also go beyond current
events, no matter how hot such topics might be, and begin documenting the better future promised
by many current initiatives.
INITIATIVE // NBC’s “behaviour placement”
approach
Since 2010, the American television network NBC (National
Broadcasting Company), under the influence of its owner,
General Electric, has attempted to raise awareness among its
viewersregardingecologicalbehaviourbyadaptingaproduct
placement approach. Since that time it has had characters
and presenters make eco-gestures in the series and shows it
broadcasts. The goal is to subtly showcase desired behaviours
until they become tomorrow’s social norms – without viewers
being consciously aware of the process.
11. Page 11
• Make sustainable consumption (as opposed to production) and lifestyles a separate area of public
policy, no matter whether the topic is carbon footprint, planned obsolescence, or food waste.
• Refine approaches and design more precisely targeted campaigns keeping in mind all factors that
promote behavioural change. This means informing individual consumers rather than continuing to
address an “average consumer” who may never have really existed, and in any case no longer does.
Such campaigns can also take advantage of life moments (such as the birth of a child), group social
dynamics (such as those created by sports and retirement associations, co-ownership, or neighbours),
and individual differences in buying power (distinguish between more and less well-to-do households).
• Make it easier for consumers to purchase products that pollute less by means of measures such as
reducing the price of such products via ecological tax incentives, reducing VAT rates for eco-labelled
products, and extending mandatory warrantees for capital goods.
• Opt for a hybrid approach combining bottom-up (reporting on innovative grassroots initiatives and
support for pioneering social groups that are a source of training and sustainable innovation) and top-
down (regulation and standardisation in order to disseminate such initiatives) information, without
neglecting to include regional authorities better equipped to implement such hybrid strategies.
• Support innovation in the area of sustainable lifestyles, regardless of whether such innovation is
technological (within a context of stable public policy that allows stakeholders to commit) or social
(low-tech innovations such as community-supported agriculture, community living, transition
towns, community gardens, and car-sharing).
• Educate in order to create new “rituals” and habits in future generations, for example via raising
awareness regarding one’s budget, food and nutrition, and also regarding eco-gestures such as those
made by committed companies.
• Create an IPCC for behaviour in order to share the latest knowledge with practitioners (such as public
stakeholders, marketers, and the media). Knowledge in fact evolves rapidly in diverse areas (such as
philosophy, anthropology, geography, the political sciences, economics, sociology, psychology, social
psychology, management sciences, and marketing), and the theoretical literature is now ill-suited
and little-used by those responsible for implementing change: educators/trainers, administrators,
journalists and other media professionals, marketing and PR professionals, and the stakeholders on the
relevant markets (such as the energy, food, transportation, and housing markets).
Our conclusion echoes our initial hypothesis: in many respects, the time has
come for us to learn how to see the glass as half full rather than as half empty
since, according to psychiatrists2
, one can learn to be optimistic, and this will
have a significant positive impact on one’s health – which is an argument in tune
with sustainable development. As Churchill said, “A pessimist sees the difficulty
in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.”
Therefore, despite polls that would have us believe the French are gloomy, we
choose to be optimistic and positive. This is better for our morale, our health, our
businesses – and our planet.
INITIATIVE // Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness
Since 1972, the small Himalayan country of Bhutan has established
a reputation on a policy built around the concept of Gross National
Happiness (GNH), which is in turn based on four pillars
linked to the well-being of the country’s population: sustainable
socioeconomic development, environmental conservation, good
governance,andpreservationandpromotionofculture.Specifically,
this means that a commission analyses laws and projects in
accordance with a system of 72 GNH indicators. In environmental
terms,Bhutan’s airissaidtobethepurestintheworld(5timespurer
than the European norm), 80% of its territory is wooded, and 52% of
its land is managed within protected areas. In addition, the country
is self-sufficient in terms of food (99% of its agriculture production is
organic) and sells hydroelectric power to India.
2) For example, see the book by Christophe André or “Optimiste” by Alain Braconnier (Odile Jacob, 2014).
12. With the support of:
CHARTE
HARMONY
INSTITUT DE LIAISONS
ET D’ÉTUDES DES INDUSTRIES
DE CONSOMMATION