This study examined the Growing Need of corporate attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting in Nigeria. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of quoted banks. Number of days was modelled as a function of total assets, influence of industry sector, size of audit firm, profitability and number of employees. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed effect model. The result found that profitability and influence of industry sector have positive relationship with timeliness of financial report of the selected bank. The panel unit root proved that the variables are stationary at first difference while the causality test found one unidirectional relationship with size of audit firm to timeliness of financial reporting. From the regression summary, the study concludes that corporate attributes have significant relationship with timeliness of financial reports. We recommend that corporate attributes that affect negative timeliness of financial reporting should be discouraged or properly managed and factors that enhance timeliness of financial reporting should be encouraged. Dr. Odogu Laime Isaac | Dr. Zebaghafa Sunday | Okpobo Timinipre Joseph "The Growing Need of Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54026.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54026/the-growing-need-of-corporate-attributes-and-timeliness-of-financial-reporting/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
Profitability and Timeliness of Financial Reports in Nigerian Quoted Companiesijtsrd
This study examined the relationship between profitability and timeliness of financial reports in Nigerian quoted companies. Ex Post Facto research design was adopted for the study. The population is all the 145 quoted companies in Nigeria. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane method. Data were sourced from the content analysis of annual reports and accounts of the selected quoted Nigerian companies for eleven years from the year 2010 to 2019. The panel data regression technique was used to estimate the relationship between the variables with aid of e view 9.0 software. The outcome of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between profitability and timeliness of financial reports in Nigerian quoted companies at 5 level of significance. The study therefore, recommended Since lower profitability most especially losses poses high risk including liquidation risk. Auditors should take more time in their audit to avoiding future litigations more especially the firms with bad news. Aigienohuwa, Osarenren O | Uniamikogbo, Emmanual "Profitability and Timeliness of Financial Reports in Nigerian Quoted Companies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47698.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47698/profitability-and-timeliness-of-financial-reports-in-nigerian-quoted-companies/aigienohuwa-osarenren-o
Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Qu...ijtsrd
This research work focused on the relationship between Window Dressing accounting and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. Off statement of financial position financing, window dressing, are used as dimensions of window dressing accounting while relevance and faithful representation are used to measure quality of corporate reporting. The study applied ex post facto research design. Two research questions were raised for the study and two hypotheses were formulated. The statistical package for social science SPSS is used to test the hypotheses. The result showed that there is positive and correlative relationship between window dressing of accounts and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. The study therefore, among others, recommended that there should be one set of global financial reporting standard by all operators of financial statements which must be effectively monitored. More emphasis should be laid in the review of the standard. Odogu Laime Isaac | Okpobo Timinipre Joseph | Obalakumo Anderson Pereowei "Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54027.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54027/effect-of-window-dressing-accounting-and-quality-of-corporate-reporting-of-quoted-banks-in-nigeria/odogu-laime-isaac
Corporate Governance Practices and Financial Statement Analysis in Rwanda A C...ijtsrd
The study used a correlation and case study designs in order to determine the relationship between financial statement analysis and corporate decision making. Data was collected from 66 randomly selected respondents who included bank management and staffs. The questionnaire used for data collection while validity was ensured by using subject matter experts to judge the content validity. Similarly, reliability ensured by pilot testing the questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics frequency and percentage distribution and inferential statistics multiple linear regression analysis . The researcher therefore accepts the first null hypothesis and rejects the second and third null hypotheses. It is hoped that the study will act as a guiding tool for BRD by highlighting the assessment of financial statement analysis and corporate decision making. This will encourage BRD to sustainably improve their financial statement analysis practices in order to improve corporate decision making. Furthermore, the researcher hopes that other academicians will find the findings of this study valuable in benchmarking their studies on the same subject. Dr. Pooja Nagpal | Dr. Yagnam Nagesh | Dr. Umamaheswari K "Corporate Governance Practices & Financial Statement Analysis in Rwanda - A Case Study of Bank of Rwanda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50401.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/50401/corporate-governance-practices-and-financial-statement-analysis-in-rwanda--a-case-study-of-bank-of-rwanda/dr-pooja-nagpal
Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance Evidence from ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study determined the relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals, on return on investment. Data for this study were obtained from secondary sources only. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The secondary data were obtained from annual reports of 22 listed banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample banks were obtained using the stratified sampling technique while the sample size was obtained using the random sampling technique. The variables that were considered in this study are financial reporting quality and corporate performance, which were represented by the effect of discretionary accruals, and non discretionary accruals on return on investment. Data analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square statistical tools with aid of E view 9 and the level of significance used to test the hypothesis was 5 . The findings show that there is negative but significant relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals and return on investment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of listed banks should ensure that they adopt best practices in financial reporting like Automated financial reporting solutions because there is direct relationship between abnormal accruals and return on investment. Anichukwu, Salome A | Ekwueme, Chizoba M "Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/39835/effect-of-financial-reporting-quality-on-corporate-performance-evidence-from-listed-banks-in-nigeria/anichukwu-salome-a
Effect of Determinants of Financial Reporting Timeliness on Reporting Timelin...YogeshIJTSRD
This study assesses the relationship between the determinants of financial reporting timeliness of Nigerian banking industry. Specifically, Ogbodo, Cy Okenwa | Jiagbogu, Nwadiogo K "Effect of Determinants of Financial Reporting Timeliness on Reporting Timeliness: An Empirical Study of Nigerian Banks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38670.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38670/effect-of-determinants-of-financial-reporting-timeliness-on-reporting-timeliness-an-empirical-study-of-nigerian-banks/ogbodo-cy-okenwa
Related Party Transaction and Performance of Quoted Banks in Nigeriaijtsrd
This study examined the effect of related party transactions on return on total equity of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria. Data for the study were analyzed with descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares OLS analysis was used to test the hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS . The findings show that related party transaction has statistical positive relationship on the return on equity of the quoted Nigerian commercial banks. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommends that equity shareholders must always ensure that dividend declared are not based on falsified profit especially when related party transactions which has inherent risk of corporate failure are involved. Okerekeoti, Chinedu U. "Related Party Transaction and Performance of Quoted Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47968.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47968/related-party-transaction-and-performance-of-quoted-banks-in-nigeria/okerekeoti-chinedu-u
Interim Financial Reporting and Compliance with SEBIs guidelines the case of ...PradeepKhadaria
This study examines interim financial reporting practices and compliance with regulatory guidelines among financial companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India. The researchers analyzed interim reports from 52 large financial companies to evaluate the level of general and technical disclosure based on a 21-item index. Preliminary results found that over 75% of companies complied with general disclosure requirements while over 85% complied with technical requirements. Additionally, most sample companies were younger firms (under 10 years old) and reported interim results as condensed statements in English. The study aims to determine if factors like company age, size or sub-sector relate to differences in disclosure levels in the reports.
Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industr...ijtsrd
The main objective of this study is to find out the factors that determine the audit fees in the listed pharmaceuticals and chemicals companies of Bangladesh. The study is conducted on 21 listed companies in the pharmaceuticals and chemicals industry during the period of 2015 to 2018. Client characteristics client size, leverage and return on assets , client's governance structure independent directors and audit committee and firm ranking are taken as the proxy variables of the determinants of audit fees. The study has found that client size, leverage and firm ranking have positive and significant impact on audit fees of the sample firm. On the other hand the proportion of independent directors in the board has a negative and significant impact on audit fees. However, the study did not find any significant association between audit fees and return on assets. It is suggested that policymakers should include more independent directors in the board for ensuring better governance to reduce the external audit fees. Besides, in case of maintaining obligatory audit committee, companies should consider the efficiency and effectiveness of the committee. Md. Noor Hossain | Raihan Sobhan "Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry of Bangladesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29656.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29656/determinants-of-audit-fees-evidence-from-pharmaceutical-and-chemical-industry-of-bangladesh/md-noor-hossain
Profitability and Timeliness of Financial Reports in Nigerian Quoted Companiesijtsrd
This study examined the relationship between profitability and timeliness of financial reports in Nigerian quoted companies. Ex Post Facto research design was adopted for the study. The population is all the 145 quoted companies in Nigeria. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane method. Data were sourced from the content analysis of annual reports and accounts of the selected quoted Nigerian companies for eleven years from the year 2010 to 2019. The panel data regression technique was used to estimate the relationship between the variables with aid of e view 9.0 software. The outcome of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between profitability and timeliness of financial reports in Nigerian quoted companies at 5 level of significance. The study therefore, recommended Since lower profitability most especially losses poses high risk including liquidation risk. Auditors should take more time in their audit to avoiding future litigations more especially the firms with bad news. Aigienohuwa, Osarenren O | Uniamikogbo, Emmanual "Profitability and Timeliness of Financial Reports in Nigerian Quoted Companies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47698.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47698/profitability-and-timeliness-of-financial-reports-in-nigerian-quoted-companies/aigienohuwa-osarenren-o
Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Qu...ijtsrd
This research work focused on the relationship between Window Dressing accounting and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. Off statement of financial position financing, window dressing, are used as dimensions of window dressing accounting while relevance and faithful representation are used to measure quality of corporate reporting. The study applied ex post facto research design. Two research questions were raised for the study and two hypotheses were formulated. The statistical package for social science SPSS is used to test the hypotheses. The result showed that there is positive and correlative relationship between window dressing of accounts and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. The study therefore, among others, recommended that there should be one set of global financial reporting standard by all operators of financial statements which must be effectively monitored. More emphasis should be laid in the review of the standard. Odogu Laime Isaac | Okpobo Timinipre Joseph | Obalakumo Anderson Pereowei "Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54027.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54027/effect-of-window-dressing-accounting-and-quality-of-corporate-reporting-of-quoted-banks-in-nigeria/odogu-laime-isaac
Corporate Governance Practices and Financial Statement Analysis in Rwanda A C...ijtsrd
The study used a correlation and case study designs in order to determine the relationship between financial statement analysis and corporate decision making. Data was collected from 66 randomly selected respondents who included bank management and staffs. The questionnaire used for data collection while validity was ensured by using subject matter experts to judge the content validity. Similarly, reliability ensured by pilot testing the questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics frequency and percentage distribution and inferential statistics multiple linear regression analysis . The researcher therefore accepts the first null hypothesis and rejects the second and third null hypotheses. It is hoped that the study will act as a guiding tool for BRD by highlighting the assessment of financial statement analysis and corporate decision making. This will encourage BRD to sustainably improve their financial statement analysis practices in order to improve corporate decision making. Furthermore, the researcher hopes that other academicians will find the findings of this study valuable in benchmarking their studies on the same subject. Dr. Pooja Nagpal | Dr. Yagnam Nagesh | Dr. Umamaheswari K "Corporate Governance Practices & Financial Statement Analysis in Rwanda - A Case Study of Bank of Rwanda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50401.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/50401/corporate-governance-practices-and-financial-statement-analysis-in-rwanda--a-case-study-of-bank-of-rwanda/dr-pooja-nagpal
Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance Evidence from ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study determined the relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals, on return on investment. Data for this study were obtained from secondary sources only. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The secondary data were obtained from annual reports of 22 listed banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample banks were obtained using the stratified sampling technique while the sample size was obtained using the random sampling technique. The variables that were considered in this study are financial reporting quality and corporate performance, which were represented by the effect of discretionary accruals, and non discretionary accruals on return on investment. Data analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square statistical tools with aid of E view 9 and the level of significance used to test the hypothesis was 5 . The findings show that there is negative but significant relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals and return on investment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of listed banks should ensure that they adopt best practices in financial reporting like Automated financial reporting solutions because there is direct relationship between abnormal accruals and return on investment. Anichukwu, Salome A | Ekwueme, Chizoba M "Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/39835/effect-of-financial-reporting-quality-on-corporate-performance-evidence-from-listed-banks-in-nigeria/anichukwu-salome-a
Effect of Determinants of Financial Reporting Timeliness on Reporting Timelin...YogeshIJTSRD
This study assesses the relationship between the determinants of financial reporting timeliness of Nigerian banking industry. Specifically, Ogbodo, Cy Okenwa | Jiagbogu, Nwadiogo K "Effect of Determinants of Financial Reporting Timeliness on Reporting Timeliness: An Empirical Study of Nigerian Banks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38670.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38670/effect-of-determinants-of-financial-reporting-timeliness-on-reporting-timeliness-an-empirical-study-of-nigerian-banks/ogbodo-cy-okenwa
Related Party Transaction and Performance of Quoted Banks in Nigeriaijtsrd
This study examined the effect of related party transactions on return on total equity of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria. Data for the study were analyzed with descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares OLS analysis was used to test the hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS . The findings show that related party transaction has statistical positive relationship on the return on equity of the quoted Nigerian commercial banks. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommends that equity shareholders must always ensure that dividend declared are not based on falsified profit especially when related party transactions which has inherent risk of corporate failure are involved. Okerekeoti, Chinedu U. "Related Party Transaction and Performance of Quoted Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47968.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47968/related-party-transaction-and-performance-of-quoted-banks-in-nigeria/okerekeoti-chinedu-u
Interim Financial Reporting and Compliance with SEBIs guidelines the case of ...PradeepKhadaria
This study examines interim financial reporting practices and compliance with regulatory guidelines among financial companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India. The researchers analyzed interim reports from 52 large financial companies to evaluate the level of general and technical disclosure based on a 21-item index. Preliminary results found that over 75% of companies complied with general disclosure requirements while over 85% complied with technical requirements. Additionally, most sample companies were younger firms (under 10 years old) and reported interim results as condensed statements in English. The study aims to determine if factors like company age, size or sub-sector relate to differences in disclosure levels in the reports.
Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industr...ijtsrd
The main objective of this study is to find out the factors that determine the audit fees in the listed pharmaceuticals and chemicals companies of Bangladesh. The study is conducted on 21 listed companies in the pharmaceuticals and chemicals industry during the period of 2015 to 2018. Client characteristics client size, leverage and return on assets , client's governance structure independent directors and audit committee and firm ranking are taken as the proxy variables of the determinants of audit fees. The study has found that client size, leverage and firm ranking have positive and significant impact on audit fees of the sample firm. On the other hand the proportion of independent directors in the board has a negative and significant impact on audit fees. However, the study did not find any significant association between audit fees and return on assets. It is suggested that policymakers should include more independent directors in the board for ensuring better governance to reduce the external audit fees. Besides, in case of maintaining obligatory audit committee, companies should consider the efficiency and effectiveness of the committee. Md. Noor Hossain | Raihan Sobhan "Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry of Bangladesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29656.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29656/determinants-of-audit-fees-evidence-from-pharmaceutical-and-chemical-industry-of-bangladesh/md-noor-hossain
Exploring the Role of Technology and Internet Financial Reports on Financial ...Premier Publishers
This document explores the role of technology and internet financial reports on financial report users in Libyan financial organizations. It discusses how information technology and internet financial reports have impacted various types of financial report users, including owners and investors, management, lenders, government entities, employees, customers, and competitors. The document also examines how factors like globalization, increased internet access, and the widespread availability of digital information have led to the growth of internet financial reporting. It analyzes how internet financial reports provide benefits like reducing costs, improving timeliness of information, and enhancing transparency and communication with stakeholders. Finally, the document discusses some challenges in implementing international financial reporting standards in Libya's developing economy and accounting infrastructure.
Abstract
The study examines the effect of corporate information on equity investors' decision making in listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. The population comprises all the listed non-financial firms in Nigeria and a filtering sampling technique was used to arrive at forty-eight (48) sampled firms covering the periods of 2012 to 2019. The hypotheses were tested using the Robust Fixed effect (RE) regression model after conducting some diagnostics tests like Pearson correlation, Variance Inflator Factor, Heteroscedasticity and Hausman Specification. The results show that firm growth (FG) and firm size (FS) have a significant positive effect on market price of shares (MPS) of quoted non-financial firms in Nigeria for the period under review. The study recommends among others, that the management of non-financial firms in Nigeria should put the growth level of their firms into consideration by ensuring a consistent increase in the value of their revenues yearly to attract more investments from the equity investors in the capital market. Their five-year growth rate should also be provided to all the stakeholders in their financial statements. Also, the non-financial firms should consolidate their firms to form a large capital base that would make them take advantage of large scale production to attract more equity investors to their firms in Nigeria.
Keywords: Corporate Information; Equity Investors; Decision Making; Non-Financial Firms
Factors Influencing the Level of Compliance with International Financial Re...Premier Publishers
Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by Small and Medium-Scale enterprises (SMEs) has become a topical issue in accounting research, and it has become necessary in order to enhance the ability of SMEs to live up to international best business practices. SMEs are pivotal to the growth and development of any nation's economy. Many countries are opening their doors to foreign investments due to globalization and businesses are expanding beyond their national borders. Therefore, there is a need for the SME sector in Nigeria to be prepared and take advantage of this phenomenon for their growth by ensuring that their financial reports comply with the disclosure requirements of IFRS. This study assessed the factors that influence the levels of compliance with IFRS by SMEs in Ondo State, Nigeria. A cross sectional survey of one hundred SMEs in Akure was conducted through structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Single-Factor Descriptive Analysis, Weighted Mean Scoring, Principal Component Analysis and Regression Analysis. The study found there was low level of compliance by the SMEs in the study area and major factors influencing compliance are proper accounting records submission of accounting statements to regulatory bodies and knowledge of IFRS with mean ratings of 3.29, 3.27, 3.26 and 3.24 respectively. It concluded that there is need for the SMEs in the study area to comply with the disclosure requirements of IFRS in order to improve their capitalization and profitability. It is recommended that Financial Reporting Act in Nigeria is reviewed to make compliance of SMEs with IFRS mandatory and that Financial Reporting Council should ensure proper capacity development to enable SMEs compliance.
Audit committee and timeliness of financial reportsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between audit committee characteristics and the timeliness of financial reporting for companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange from 2007-2011. The study reviews relevant literature on agency theory, resource dependence theory, audit committees, and prior empirical research on timeliness of financial reporting. It describes how audit committee independence, expertise, size, and meetings are examined in relation to the timeliness of company financial reports. The results of the study are discussed in the document.
Financial Structure and the Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Fi...ijtsrd
The study investigated the effect of financial structure on the financial performance of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study used profit after tax PAT to represented financial performance as the dependent variable while financial structure was disintegrated into Short Term Debt STD , Long Term Debt LTD , share capital SC and retained earnings RE as the independent variable. The data for the study were obtained from the Financial Statement and Annual Reports of the selected firms. The data set comprised fifty 50 observations comprising five year time series data spanning 2010 to 2019 from ten firms in the consumer goods sector. The panel regression technique based on Fixed and Random Effects were used for data analyses. The Hausman test showed that the Fixed Effect model is more suitable for the study. The findings revealed that STD and SC have significant positive effects on the PAT of consumer goods firms in Nigeria while LTD and RE were found to have positive but no significant effect on the PAT of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study conclude that b working capital management is an efficient tool for the consumer goods subsector in Nigeria. Among the contributions of the study is the use of all the four sources of funds and the use of profit after tax that tends to capture the overall effect of the various fund sources on the holistic profitability of the consumer goods firms. The recommendations included use of share capital for long term investment and working capital management for operations. Daniel, Prince Chinwendu | Dr. Joseph A. Nduka "Financial Structure and the Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37967.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/37967/financial-structure-and-the-financial-performance-of-quoted-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/daniel-prince-chinwendu
Determinants of Client Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit M...ijtsrd
This study examined the effect determinants of client characteristics on financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Client fee and client size proxies for client characteristic and return on assets for measure of financial performance. The ex post facto research design was adopted for this study. Data were drawn from the annual report and accounts of fifteen 15 deposit money banks in Nigerian covering a period of ten 10 years from 2011 to 2020. Data extracted were analysis and tested with multiple regression analysis. The results show that client fee and client size has a negative effect on return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria, and these effects were not statistically significant at 5 level of significance. Based on the findings of this study, it recommended amount others that the shareholders should consider the complexity of clients’ businesses especially oil and gas businesses when fixing the audit fees for the fact that those complex businesses are more difficult to audit. Okerekeoti, Chinedu U. "Determinants of Client Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49819.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49819/determinants-of-client-characteristics-and-financial-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/okerekeoti-chinedu-u
Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on Corporate Performance of Quoted Manufacturi...ijtsrd
The objective of the study is to examine the effect of voluntary disclosure on corporate performance of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study specifically examined the effect of voluntary disclosure on ROA, ROE, and NPM. The population of the study was drawn from manufacturing firms quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. financial year. The study was based on secondary sources of data, collected from annual financial reports. The study used content analysis to analyse the voluntary disclosure items. The study finds that voluntary disclosure has a significant negative effect on profitability return on assets, return on equity and net profit margin . The study therefore recommends, among others, manufacturing firms to enhance voluntary disclosure based on a cost benefit analysis of such, and also, help “bridge the gap†between financial numbers and the true economics underlying the company’s transaction. Voluntary disclosure is also recommended as a medium to curtail the shenanigans of earnings management. Ikemefuna, Victor C. | Onuora, J. K. "Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on Corporate Performance of Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42600.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42600/effect-of-voluntary-disclosure-on-corporate-performance-of-quoted-manufacturing-companies-in-nigeria/ikemefuna-victor-c
The Effect Of Profitability, Company Size, Auditor Reputation, And Leverage O...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Audited financial statements are one of the information that plays an important role in the
investment business in the capital market. The audit completion process also affects the quality of financial
reports. This reflects the importance of timeliness in presenting financial reports to the public. Various
constraints that affect timeliness can come from internal and external companies. Therefore this study aims to
determine the effect of profitability, company size, auditor reputation, and leverage on Audit Delay in Property
and Real Estate Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. This study uses secondary
data that can be accessed through the Indonesia Stock Exchange website (www.idx.co.id) in the form of
financial reports and company annual reports. The data analysis technique used is the classical assumption test,
t test, F test and multiple regression analysis using SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Science)
version 26. The sample of this study consisted of 88 companies in the Property and Real Estate Sector and the
sampling method was carried out by purposive sampling method. Using this method, a sample of 21 companies
was obtained with an observation period of 3 years (2019- 2021). The results of this study show that company
size has an effect on audit delay while profitability, auditor reputation, and leverage have no effect on audit
delay.
KEYWORDS: audit delay, profitability, company size, auditor reputation, and leverage.
Accounting Information and Decision Making in the Banking Sector Bank of Agri...ijtsrd
The main aim of this study is to examine accounting information and decision making in the Banking Sector in Nigeria, using Bank of Agriculture in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state as a case study. Data were collected through primary and secondary sources. Survey data were obtained from respondents using questionnaire. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables and percentage. While the hypotheses were tested using chi square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that Bank of Agriculture relies on accounting information as a tool for decision making, Accounting information is effective in decision making. The findings also revealed that accounting information have contributed to the profitability of the organization, the quality of accounting information was a key factor in decision making. In regard to the findings, the study recommends that banks should continue to improve the quality of their accounting information and the use of it in decision making. Specifically, bank of Agriculture should ensure that their accounting information is accurate and complete, and that they have robust systems in place to verify and validate the information. In addition, they should train their staff to properly interpret and use accounting information. Dokubo Otonbarapagaha Ebifamini "Accounting Information and Decision Making in the Banking Sector (Bank of Agriculture)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61300.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/61300/accounting-information-and-decision-making-in-the-banking-sector-bank-of-agriculture/dokubo-otonbarapagaha-ebifamini
Forensic Accounting and Integrated Financial Reporting of Banks using HausmanIJAEMSJORNAL
This study examined forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study aimed to examine forensic accounting effects on the integrated financial reporting of the listed banks. Its specific objectives determined the impact Litigations, Claims, Fraud cases reported, Cost of forensic investigation and Non-performing loans (LCFCN) have on integrated financial reporting variables such as corporate social responsibility – CSR. Integrated financial reporting (IFR) is the dependent variable while forensic accounting (FA) is the independent variable. In line with these stated objectives, five research questions and five hypotheses were formulated and it adopted the ex-post facto research design. The population of study constitutes 24 listed banks in Ghana, only 8 listed banks was selected through a purposive sampling. The data for the study was purely secondary and sourced from related books of the banks via Central Banks bulletin (Ghana), African financials and banks reports for a period of 16years from 2004-2020. Moreover, data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, the Shapiro -Wilk test for a diagnostic check for normality and a combination of the panel regression analysis with the Hausman test which aided appropriately specification whether the analysis should be done with a fixed effect or random effect model of which the fixed effect was used for the interpretation at (P 0.050 < 0.10). In nations analyzed, the results among others demonstrated that forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting were statistically significant at 1%, 5%, and 10% as claims is positive and have significant effect on CSR (β = 64687.53, P<0.10); Non-performing loans is statistically significant and had a negative effect on CSR (β = -2.934, P= 0.054 @ 0.10). The study hence concludes that the effective implementation of forensic accounting had a constructive and significant effect on the integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study recommends among others that the apex banks should mandate banks to incorporate forensic accounting when reassessing their employability skill set, report production, debt administration and management, and portray fairness virtue in their reporting system so as to attract more investment and positive public image.
ROLE OF CORPORATE REPORTING IN EMERGING ECONOMIES AS INVESTMENT INFORMATIONIAEME Publication
The present study is based on the information about corporate reporting parameter
and their standardized functionality procedure and distinctive perception about
corporate disclosure is mandatory to understand the basic requirement of each and
every person associated with investment. These financial information is accessed and
required by many users at different phases of analyzing company strength and
functioning structure. In this study we have tried to establish basic requirements that
will be required on regular basis by individual investor at different phases.
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
Financial Literacy and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises ...ijtsrd
This document examines the relationship between financial literacy and financial performance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. It reviews literature on key concepts like financial education, knowledge, behavior, and performance. A survey was conducted of 384 SMEs across Lagos State. Regression analysis revealed a relationship between financial literacy and performance. Specifically, SMEs in Lagos State were found to lack financial education and knowledge, have poor cash flow management and financial discipline, undermining their financial performance. The study recommends that SMEs engage accountants and financial training to improve literacy and enable better financial growth.
Integrated reporting 101; Getting started with Integrated Reporting in IndiaVrushali Gaud-Shinde
Introduction to Integrated reporting - India
The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) recently raised a circular recommending top 500 companies to adopt Integrated Reporting. This is a quick guide that answers the Why? What? How? questions to get Indian companies started with Integrated Reporting.
Impact of implementation of international financial reporting standard (ifrs)...renuka bakshi
This document analyzes the impact of implementing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in India. It conducted a survey of 100 chartered accountants to examine how IFRS implementation affects the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting and decision making. The results found that IFRS implementation helps reduce costs and save time while providing economic benefits. Key qualitative characteristics like reliability, fair value measurement, and flexibility were found to most improve financial reporting quality. However, some respondents noted issues like increased costs, complexity, and lack of uniform interpretation with IFRS. Overall, the study aimed to assess the significance and effects of adopting IFRS in India.
Effect of Accounting Records on Financial Performance of Small and Medium Ind...ijtsrd
This study examines the effect of accounting records on financial performance of small and medium industries in Nigeria. Specifically the study sought to determine whether small and medium industries keep accounting records of their financial transactions in Anambra state and evaluate whether sound accounting system significantly improve the performance of small and medium industries in Anambra State. Survey research designs were adopted for the study. Data were collected through survey in which questionnaire was administered on a sample of 176 was purposively collected from population of selected small and medium industries. The study found that the Small and medium industries keep accounting records of their financial transactions in Anambra state. Also that sound accounting system has significantly improved the performance of small and medium industries in Anambra State. Based on this, it recommended that the cost of operating sound accounting system should be minimized in order to encourage the adoption of in small and medium industries in the State. Okpala, Lucy Ifeoma ""Effect of Accounting Records on Financial Performance of Small and Medium Industries in Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25084.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/25084/effect-of-accounting-records-on-financial-performance-of-small-and-medium-industries-in-nigeria/okpala-lucy-ifeoma
Human Capital Efficiency and Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nig...ijtsrd
This study examines the relationship between Human capital Efficiency and performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study analyzed human capital efficiency dimension of human capital efficiency and relational capital efficiency, while performance was analyzed with return on capital employed and earnings per share. Ex post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study was listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria Stock Exchange from 2015 2019. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and multivariate regression were statistical tools used and the secondary data were analyzed with the aid of SPSS version 25, we concluded that Human capital efficiency and Relational capital efficiency significantly relates with return on capital employed and earning per shares of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria in the period of this study and recommend that Nigerian manufacturing firms must develop strategies to invest adequately in different human capital components. Dr. Odogu, Laime Isaac | Obalakumo, Anderson Pereowei "Human Capital Efficiency and Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59696.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59696/human-capital-efficiency-and-performance-of-listed-manufacturing-firms-in-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
A Study on Funds Flow Analysis of Vital Pvt. Ltd., Tadaijtsrd
Finance is the lifeblood of every business activity without which the wheels of modern business organization system cannot be greased. Finance management is managerial activity, which is concerned with planning and controlling of the firms financial Resources. Finance is a scarce resource and it has to be managed efficiency for the successful functioning of any company. Several companies have come to grief mainly because of inefficient management of finance, in spite of other favourable conditions. This study explains the funds flow statement analysis of vital pvt. Ltd., Tada. R. Yugandhar | Dr. K. Haritha "A Study on Funds Flow Analysis of Vital Pvt. Ltd., Tada" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52025.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/52025/a-study-on-funds-flow-analysis-of-vital-pvt-ltd-tada/r-yugandhar
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by Small and Medium-Scale enterprises (SMEs) has become a topical issue in accounting research, and it has become necessary in order to enhance the ability of SMEs to live up to international best business practices. SMEs are pivotal to the growth and development of any nation's economy. Many countries are opening their doors to foreign investments due to globalization and businesses are expanding beyond their national borders. Therefore, there is a need for the SME sector in Nigeria to be prepared and take advantage of this phenomenon for their growth by ensuring that their financial reports comply with the disclosure requirements of IFRS. This study assessed the factors that influence the levels of compliance with IFRS by SMEs in Ondo State, Nigeria. A cross sectional survey of one hundred SMEs in Akure was conducted through structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Single-Factor Descriptive Analysis, Weighted Mean Scoring, Principal Component Analysis and Regression Analysis. The study found there was low level of compliance by the SMEs in the study area and major factors influencing compliance are proper accounting records submission of accounting statements to regulatory bodies and knowledge of IFRS with mean ratings of 3.29, 3.27, 3.26 and 3.24 respectively. It concluded that there is need for the SMEs in the study area to comply with the disclosure requirements of IFRS in order to improve their capitalization and profitability. It is recommended that Financial Reporting Act in Nigeria is reviewed to make compliance of SMEs with IFRS mandatory and that Financial Reporting Council should ensure proper capacity development to enable SMEs compliance.
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This study examined forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study aimed to examine forensic accounting effects on the integrated financial reporting of the listed banks. Its specific objectives determined the impact Litigations, Claims, Fraud cases reported, Cost of forensic investigation and Non-performing loans (LCFCN) have on integrated financial reporting variables such as corporate social responsibility – CSR. Integrated financial reporting (IFR) is the dependent variable while forensic accounting (FA) is the independent variable. In line with these stated objectives, five research questions and five hypotheses were formulated and it adopted the ex-post facto research design. The population of study constitutes 24 listed banks in Ghana, only 8 listed banks was selected through a purposive sampling. The data for the study was purely secondary and sourced from related books of the banks via Central Banks bulletin (Ghana), African financials and banks reports for a period of 16years from 2004-2020. Moreover, data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, the Shapiro -Wilk test for a diagnostic check for normality and a combination of the panel regression analysis with the Hausman test which aided appropriately specification whether the analysis should be done with a fixed effect or random effect model of which the fixed effect was used for the interpretation at (P 0.050 < 0.10). In nations analyzed, the results among others demonstrated that forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting were statistically significant at 1%, 5%, and 10% as claims is positive and have significant effect on CSR (β = 64687.53, P<0.10); Non-performing loans is statistically significant and had a negative effect on CSR (β = -2.934, P= 0.054 @ 0.10). The study hence concludes that the effective implementation of forensic accounting had a constructive and significant effect on the integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study recommends among others that the apex banks should mandate banks to incorporate forensic accounting when reassessing their employability skill set, report production, debt administration and management, and portray fairness virtue in their reporting system so as to attract more investment and positive public image.
ROLE OF CORPORATE REPORTING IN EMERGING ECONOMIES AS INVESTMENT INFORMATIONIAEME Publication
The present study is based on the information about corporate reporting parameter
and their standardized functionality procedure and distinctive perception about
corporate disclosure is mandatory to understand the basic requirement of each and
every person associated with investment. These financial information is accessed and
required by many users at different phases of analyzing company strength and
functioning structure. In this study we have tried to establish basic requirements that
will be required on regular basis by individual investor at different phases.
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This document examines the relationship between financial literacy and financial performance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. It reviews literature on key concepts like financial education, knowledge, behavior, and performance. A survey was conducted of 384 SMEs across Lagos State. Regression analysis revealed a relationship between financial literacy and performance. Specifically, SMEs in Lagos State were found to lack financial education and knowledge, have poor cash flow management and financial discipline, undermining their financial performance. The study recommends that SMEs engage accountants and financial training to improve literacy and enable better financial growth.
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Introduction to Integrated reporting - India
The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) recently raised a circular recommending top 500 companies to adopt Integrated Reporting. This is a quick guide that answers the Why? What? How? questions to get Indian companies started with Integrated Reporting.
Impact of implementation of international financial reporting standard (ifrs)...renuka bakshi
This document analyzes the impact of implementing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in India. It conducted a survey of 100 chartered accountants to examine how IFRS implementation affects the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting and decision making. The results found that IFRS implementation helps reduce costs and save time while providing economic benefits. Key qualitative characteristics like reliability, fair value measurement, and flexibility were found to most improve financial reporting quality. However, some respondents noted issues like increased costs, complexity, and lack of uniform interpretation with IFRS. Overall, the study aimed to assess the significance and effects of adopting IFRS in India.
Effect of Accounting Records on Financial Performance of Small and Medium Ind...ijtsrd
This study examines the effect of accounting records on financial performance of small and medium industries in Nigeria. Specifically the study sought to determine whether small and medium industries keep accounting records of their financial transactions in Anambra state and evaluate whether sound accounting system significantly improve the performance of small and medium industries in Anambra State. Survey research designs were adopted for the study. Data were collected through survey in which questionnaire was administered on a sample of 176 was purposively collected from population of selected small and medium industries. The study found that the Small and medium industries keep accounting records of their financial transactions in Anambra state. Also that sound accounting system has significantly improved the performance of small and medium industries in Anambra State. Based on this, it recommended that the cost of operating sound accounting system should be minimized in order to encourage the adoption of in small and medium industries in the State. Okpala, Lucy Ifeoma ""Effect of Accounting Records on Financial Performance of Small and Medium Industries in Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25084.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/25084/effect-of-accounting-records-on-financial-performance-of-small-and-medium-industries-in-nigeria/okpala-lucy-ifeoma
Human Capital Efficiency and Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nig...ijtsrd
This study examines the relationship between Human capital Efficiency and performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study analyzed human capital efficiency dimension of human capital efficiency and relational capital efficiency, while performance was analyzed with return on capital employed and earnings per share. Ex post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study was listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria Stock Exchange from 2015 2019. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and multivariate regression were statistical tools used and the secondary data were analyzed with the aid of SPSS version 25, we concluded that Human capital efficiency and Relational capital efficiency significantly relates with return on capital employed and earning per shares of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria in the period of this study and recommend that Nigerian manufacturing firms must develop strategies to invest adequately in different human capital components. Dr. Odogu, Laime Isaac | Obalakumo, Anderson Pereowei "Human Capital Efficiency and Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59696.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59696/human-capital-efficiency-and-performance-of-listed-manufacturing-firms-in-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
A Study on Funds Flow Analysis of Vital Pvt. Ltd., Tadaijtsrd
Finance is the lifeblood of every business activity without which the wheels of modern business organization system cannot be greased. Finance management is managerial activity, which is concerned with planning and controlling of the firms financial Resources. Finance is a scarce resource and it has to be managed efficiency for the successful functioning of any company. Several companies have come to grief mainly because of inefficient management of finance, in spite of other favourable conditions. This study explains the funds flow statement analysis of vital pvt. Ltd., Tada. R. Yugandhar | Dr. K. Haritha "A Study on Funds Flow Analysis of Vital Pvt. Ltd., Tada" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52025.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/52025/a-study-on-funds-flow-analysis-of-vital-pvt-ltd-tada/r-yugandhar
Similar to The Growing Need of Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Cyber Ethics An Introduction by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Jan...ijtsrd
Cyber ethics is the study of the ethics relating to computers, as well as to user behavior and what computers are programmed to do, and how it affects individuals and society. It is the branch of philosophy that deals with what is considered to be right or wrong. Since the advent of computers, various governments have enacted regulations and while organizations have defined policies about cyberethics. Cyberethics also known as “internet ethics,” is a branch of applied ethics that examines the moral, legal, and social issues i.e. ethical questions brought about by the emergence of digital technologies and global virtual environments. Arising with the introduction of the internet are, filtering, accuracy, security, censorship, conflicts over privacy, property, accessibility, and others. This paper is to elucidate more on cyberethics and its impacts on users and the society Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Cyber Ethics: An Introduction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63513.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/63513/cyber-ethics-an-introduction/paul-a-adekunte
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2004 requires that
all entities must produce financial reports on an
annual basis. The law provides that the preparation of
these reports is vested in the directors and the reports
must be audited. The annual reports are thus
considered as an important means of not only for
gauging the performance of the entity but also for
understanding how fund invested in the entity has
been used and this would enable those who are
interested in such entity to make pertinent investment
decisions.
In Nigeria, in-spite of the existence of the various
enactments, there have, however been a number of
criticisms from various groups, including the World
Bank, concerning perceived inadequacies in the
financial reporting outcome of firms in Nigeria
(Okike, 2014). For instance, the World Bank, in its
Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes
(ROSC) conducted in 2004, noted that the accounting
and auditing standards in Nigeria suffer from
“institutional weaknesses in regulation, compliance
and enforcement of standards and codes.” And
timeliness in financial reporting is one of the
requirements to be enforced and complied with by
firms in Nigeria. The provision of timely information
in corporate report is of great importance since other
non-financial report sources such as media releases,
news conferences and financial analysts’ forecasts are
not well developed and the regulatory bodies are not
as effective as in the developed countries of the world
hence, the heavy reliance on the corporate financial
reports (Abernathy2019). The major source of annual
financial results of firms is the financial reports.
Delays in making public of the financial reports can
create information asymmetries and cause users of
such information to search for other alternative
information. Abdullah (2016) argues that the longer
the gap between the year end and the annual
corporate report publication, the higher the chances
that the information would be linked to some
interested investors.
Aims and Objectives of the study
The main and objective of this study is to empirically
investigate the Growing Need of corporate attributes
and Timeliness of Financial Reporting in Nigeria.
However, the following are the specific objectives of
this research work:
To investigate the influence of industry sector type on
the timeliness of corporate financial reporting in
Nigeria
To examine the effects of the size of audit firm on the
timeliness of financial reporting in Nigeria
In order to achieve the objectives stated above, these
hypotheses hereunder are formulated in null forms:
Ho: Industry sector type has no significant
relationship on the timeliness of corporate financial
reporting in Nigeria
Ho: The size of audit firm have no impact on the
timeliness of financial reporting in Nigeria
LITTERATURE REVIEW
This part of the work, takes a review of relevant
literatures, looking at the conceptual framework,
theoretical framework and empirical review.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Objectives of financial reporting
Financial reporting objectives are the broad
overriding goals sought by accountants engaging in
financial reporting. According to the FASB, objective
of financial reporting is to: Provide information that is
useful to present and potential investors and creditors
and other users in making rational investment, credit,
and similar decisions. The information should be
comprehensible to those who have a reasonable
understanding of business and economic activities
and are willing to study the information with
reasonable diligence. Interpreted broadly, the term
other users include employees, security analysts,
brokers, and lawyers. Financial reporting should
provide information to all who are willing to learn to
use it properly. The primary aim of financial reports
is to present to stakeholder the information about the
company’s financial state and performance within the
period in which the report covers. It is a medium of
communicating to various stakeholders and providing
information that will enable investors and creditors to
make informed decisions. Hassan and Taylor (2018)
states that qualitative characteristics are attributes that
makes the financial information provided in financial
statement useful to users. These attributes include
relevance, reliability, comparability and understand
ability. However, Abdullah, (2016) stated that
financial statement is misleading if it lacks the
qualities of accuracy, relevance, comparability and it
contains fundamental errors or is prepared with the
intention to deceive/confuse users. Since it provides
vital information that aid investors and creditors in
making informed decision, the timely release of the
report is of important.
Iyoha (2019) believe that the timely release of
corporate financial report has long been recognized as
one of the qualitative attributes of financial reporting.
This attribute suggests that financial statements shall
be made available to the public within a reasonable
period of time from the close of a company’s
financial year-end; otherwise the usefulness of the
statements would be impaired. In financial institution
and capital market where corporate financial
information is a primary source of information to
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creditors and shareholders, timely publication of the
information is crucial (Iyoha, 2019). In line with this,
Jaggi and Tsui, (2019) opines that for investors,
timely reporting reduces the uncertainty relating to
investment decision and asymmetric dissemination of
financial information among stakeholders in the
capital market this eliminate the occurrence of leak,
rumours and insider trading in capital market
(Owusu-Ansah, & Yeoh, 2000).
The qualitative characteristics of financial
reporting:
According to IASB, the essential principle of
assessing the financial reporting quality is related to
the faithfulness of the objectives and quality of
disclosed information in a company financial reports.
These qualitative characteristics enhance the
facilitation of assessing the usefulness of financial
reports, which will also lead to a high level of quality.
To achieve this level, financial reports must be
faithfully represented, comparable, verifiable, timely,
and understandable. Thus, the emphasis is on having
transparent financial reports, and not having
misleading financial reports to users; not to mention
the importance of preciseness and predictability as
indicators of a high financial reporting quality (Okike,
2014). As it is defined in the Conceptual Framework
for Financial Reporting of the FASB and the IASB,
there are agreed upon elements of high quality
financial reporting. The qualitative characteristics of
financial reporting quality include: relevance, faithful
representation, understand ability, comparability,
verifiability, and timeliness. They are divided into
fundamental qualitative characteristics and enhancing
qualitative characteristics. A theoretical explanation
for each of these terms emphasizes their importance
as qualitative characteristics, and also indicates what
qualities are considered fundamental among different
frameworks.
Relevance: Relevance is closely associated with the
terms usefulness and materiality. Relevance illustrates
the capability of making decisions by users. When
information in financial reports influences users in
their economic decisions, it is sad that this
information has the quality of relevance. Also, when
this information assists users to evaluate, correct, and
confirm current and past events, it is useful. The
usefulness of making a decision—an important part
of relevance—is consistent with the conceptual
framework (Cheung, Evans, & Wright, 2010). Fair
value is considered one of the highly significant
indicators of relevance. Using Fair Value in an entity,
as a basis for measurement, is an indicator of a high
level of relevance (Beest, Braam, & Boelens, 2019).
Reliability is another critical factor of financial
reporting quality. In financial reporting, information
must have the quality of reliability in order to be
useful. This quality is achieved when information,
which users depend upon, is free from bias and
material mistakes. Reliabilityis analyzed based on the
qualities of faithful, verifiable, and neutral
information (Cheung, Evans & Wright, 2010).
Comparability is the concept of allowing users to
compare financial statements to determine the
financial position, cash flow, and performance of an
entity. This comparison allows users to compare
across time and among other companies in the same
period. As Cheung, Evans & Wright (2010)
remarked: ―Comparability demands that identical
events in the two situations will be reflected by
identical accounting facts and figures. different events
will be reflected by different accounting facts and
figures in a way which quantitatively reflects those
differences in a comparable and easily interpretable
manner. (Cheung et al.2010). Understand ability is
one of the essential qualities of information in
financial reports. Achieving the quality is through
effective communication. Thus, the better the
understanding of the information from users, the
higher the quality that will be achieved. It is one of
the enhancing qualitative characteristics that will
increase when information is presented and classified
clearly and sufficiently. When annual reports are well
organized, users can comprehend what their needs are
(Beest et al.2019). Faithful Representation is the
concept of reflecting and representing the real
economic position of the financial information that
has been reported. This concept has the value of
explaining how well the obligations and economic
resources, including transactions and events, are fully
represented in the financial reporting. Moreover, this
quality has neutrality as a sub notion which is about
objectivity and balance. Willekens (2018), (Downen,
2014).
Timeliness of Accounting Information
Timeliness is another enhancing qualitative
characteristic. Timeliness illustrates that information
must be available to decision makers before losing its
powerful and good influences. When assessing the
quality of reporting in an annual report, timeliness is
evaluated using the period between the year-end and
the issuing date of the auditor report—the period of
days it took for the auditor to sign the report after the
financial year-end (Beest, Braam & Boelens, 2019).
According to Iyoha, (2019), there are three ways to
measure timeliness. The first way is to consider the
form in which the news is disclosed. In this regard,
the different forms of disclosure will include:
voluntary disclosure of earnings forecasts by
management, voluntary pre-announcement of
earnings and mandatory earnings announcement. The
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first form is considered the timeliest while the last is
considered the least timely. The second way to
measure timeliness according to Iyoha (2019) is to
calculate the number of trading days between the end
of the reporting period and the reporting date. This
major approach was also used by (Givoly and Palmon
2012). The third method of measuring timeliness is
by looking at the company’s own disclosure policy
and comparing report date to historical dates.
Timeliness is important to protect the users of
accounting information from basing their decision on
out-date information. Though producing reliable and
accurate information may take more time but the
delay in provision of accounting information may
make it less relevant to users. Therefore, it is
necessary that an appropriate balance is achieved
between the timeliness and reliability of accounting
information (Downem, 2014). The shareholders of
corporate companies are required by law to make
their financial information known to the public. This
makes it convenient for the stakeholders to access and
estimate the value of the shares so as to make
decisions. According to Robert, John and Robert
(2017), stated that timeliness of information released
can affect the level of uncertainty association. For
example, it has been shown analytically that
timeliness can affect a decision maker’s action
choices and expected pay off. Also, recent empirical
studies suggested that timeliness is associated with
information used by the market to establish security
prices. Givoly and Palmon (2012) stated that the price
of firm condition on receiving a project and
announcing the equity issue declines with the time
since the last information released. The share price
declines at the time of an equity issue is increasing in
the time since the announcement of the equity issue.
More so, users need timely information to enable
them to make a prompt review to decide whether to
commit or continue to commit their capital in a
company. Delays in disclosing timely information on
preparers part would result in greater market
inefficiency and render the accounting numbers less
value relevant (Abdullah, 2016). However, timeliness
is an old and important concept in accounting when it
refers to making information available to decision
makers while it can still be used.
Theoretical Framework
The attitude towards timely presentation of financial
statement could be explained by the stakeholder,
stewardship and lending credibility theories.
Stakeholder Theory. The stakeholder theory
suggests that in the absence of an opportunity to hide
bad news, because of the mandatory disclosure
requirements, CEOs tend to delay their report when it
is bad news. By delaying bad news, managers make
sure that the negative effect on the stock price is
shifted to a later date. On the other hand, releasing
good news early prevents the bad news from
counteracting good news (Dogan, Coskun & Orhan,
2007). The authors also argue that delaying bad news
basically means preventing the information from
reaching the stakeholders and is beneficial until other
companies release bad news in the industry. Moreso,
Dogan et al (2007) observed that the shareholders’
theory tends to explain well the behaviour of
managers. By delaying bad news, managers ensure
that the negative effect on the stock price happens
later. And conversely releasing good news earlier
prevents other resources from counteracting the good
news. The argument now is that delaying bad news
basically means preventing information from
reaching the stakeholders. This theory is relevant to
this study because of the timeliness of release of
corporate report and its subsequent relevance or
effects on the value of the firm. According to Hassan
and Zakiah (2014), timeliness is clearly considered as
an important qualitative characteristic of financial
information. Financial information users need to
obtain reliable, relevant and timely information, in
order to survive in a highly competitive environment.
Stewardship Theory. A steward of the organization
is one who demonstrates a commitment to the best
interest of the organization as opposed to an agent
whose interest may conflict with the organization and
its principal. Stewardship is defined by current
research as the attitudes and behaviours that place the
long-term best interests of the group ahead of
personal goals that serve an individual’s self-interest
(Leventis & Weetman, 2014). It exists to the extent
that leaders take personal responsibility for
organizational actions and wield organizational
powers in the service of broader stakeholders’
welfare. Stewardship is a traditional approach to
accounting that places an obligation of a steward such
as directors to provide relevant and reliable financial
information relating to resources over which they
have control but which are owned by others such as
shareholders. A commitment to stakeholders’ interest
brings to the forefront the issue of personal
responsibility, and in particular, balanced action.
Within the business ethics context, a balanced action
may entail a consideration of both fiduciary
institutional obligations and the morally significant
non-fiduciary obligations of leader to those whose
welfare is affected by their actions. Accordingly,
stewardship behaviour involves a commitment bythe
leader to consider the interplay between the
organization systems, structures and relationships
which determine the impact and the repercussions of
their actions. This capacity to see the contextual fit of
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choices and their consequences, the systems and
relationships that interplay, and a historical insight
that connects the past to the future, is fundamental in
the leader’s ability to make calls that contribute to the
best interest of others (Leventis & Weetman, 2014).
Lending Credibility Theory. According to Iyoha
(2019), lending credibility theory is similar to the
agency theory and it states that audited financial
statements can enhance stakeholders’ faith in the
management’s stewardship. The business world
consists of different groups that are affected by or
participate in the financial reporting requirements of
the regulatory agencies. They are shareholders,
managers, creditors, employees, government and
other groups. The major recipients of the annual
financial reports are the shareholders, including
individual with relatively small shareholding and
large institutions. Their decision is usually based on
the financial reporting and performance of company’s
management, who have a responsibility to act in the
interest of investors. Thus, the purpose of financial
statements. The auditor is appointed by the
shareholders and reports his results to his clients. The
aim of the auditor’s report is to comment on how
accurately the company presents its financial situation
and how the company in a more favourable light.
Basically, the auditor is represented as a process
designed to evaluate the credibility of information of
the company’s financial statements (Iyoha, 2019).
Empirical Review
In emerging economies, the provision of timely
information in corporate reports assumes greater
importance, since other non-financial statement
sources such as media releases, news conferences and
financial analysts’ forecasts are not well developed
and the regulatory bodies are not as effective as in
Western developed countries (Whittred, 2012). Users
of financial information should be able to reach
information they need in a timely manner in order
that they can make reasonable decisions. Within this
context, the timing of information is at least as
important as its content for financial information
users. In addition, stock values of publicly held
companies are assumed to be based on such disclosed
information. Disclosure of financial results, which are
important indicators of a firm’s performance, is a
determining factor of firm value formed in the market
(Dogan, Coskun, & Celik, 2017).
Timing of the disclosure of financial information is
also important for preventing trading activities of
insiders, unofficial disclosure of news and market
rumours (Ansah, 2020). As compared with developed
markets, protective measures and sanctions regarding
prevention of trading activities can be inadequate in
emerging markets. Companies in emerging markets
disclose less information. Consequently, the timing of
financial reporting should be expressly designed to
minimize such activities, which damage the efficacy
of the market in emerging contexts (Leventis &
Weetman, 2014).
Many studies have been conducted to identify the
determinants of financial reporting timeliness or audit
delay. Dyer and McHugh (2015) studied three
company characteristics (company size, the year-end
closing date, and profitability) as major explanatory
factors of audit delay. The study revealed that only
company size had an impact upon audit delay. Others
have argued that some explanatory variables such as
extraordinary items, changes in accounting
techniques, audit firm size and audit opinion are
important variables to be taken into account (Davies
& Whittred, 2018).
Whittred, (2012) examined 14 corporate attributes.
They found that audit delay is significantly longer for
companies with qualified audit opinions that operate
in the industrial sector, are publicly traded, have a
fiscal year-end other than December 31, have poorer
internal controls, use less complex technology for
data-processing or have a relatively greater amount of
audit work performed after the year-end.
Newton and Ashton (2019) examined the relationship
between audit delay and audit technology. They
found that firms using structured audit approaches
have greater mean delay than firms using
unstructured approaches. Willekens, (2018) examined
the relationships between some company attributes
and audit delay over six years (1977-1982) for 465
Canadian public companies. They found that the
variables (client industry, type of audit opinion,
presence of extraordinary items, loss for the year)
were significant for at least four of the six years, and
three other variables (log of total assets; fiscal-year-
end and audit firm) had consistent signs across the six
years.
Ng and Tai (2014) conducted an empirical study to
examine the relationship between audit delay and ten
company attributes of listed companies in Hong Kong
for the years 1990 and 1991. The results showed that
the log of turnover and the degree of diversification
were significantly related to audit delay in both years.
However, they found changes in EPS to be significant
in 1990 and significant for reporting extraordinary
items in 1991. Abdulla (2016) empirically examined
the association between the time lags in disclosure
and five corporate attributes of 26 Bahraini
companies. The study showed a significant negative
relationship between timeliness of publication and the
firm’s profitability, dividend distributed and size, and
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a no significant relationship between timeliness and
industry membership. Jaggi and Tshi (2019)
empirically examined the association between the
audit report lag, auditor business risk, and audit firm
technology for Hong Kong companies. The results
show that there is a positive association between the
audit report lag and the financial risk index for Hong
Kong companies, suggesting that companies that are
financially weak are associated with longer audit
delays. The results also showed that companies
audited by audit firms using a structured audit
approach have longer audit delays. In his year 2015
study, Owusu-Ansah and Yeoh investigated
empirically the timeliness of annual reporting by 47
non-financial companies listed on the Zimbabwe
Stock Exchange. The results identified company size,
profitability and company age as statistically
significant predictors of the differences in the
timeliness of annual reports issued by the sample
companies. In addition, the results indicated that audit
reporting lead time is significantly associated with the
timeliness with which sample companies release their
preliminary annual earnings announcements, but not
with the timeliness of the audited annual reports.
Soltani (2012) examined the timeliness of corporate
and audit reports in the French context, using data
from French listed companies for each year in the
period 1986-1995. He found empirical evidence of an
improvement in timeliness of corporate and audit
reporting. His study also showed that the existence of
a qualified audit tends to lengthen the delay. Leventis,
Weetman and Caramanis (2015) examined the audit
report lag of companies listed on the Athens Stock
Exchange at the time of Greece’s transition from an
emerging market to a newly developed capital
market. The study found a statistically significant
association between audit report lag and the type of
auditor, audit fees, number of remarks in the audit
report, the presence of extraordinary items, and an
expectation of uncertainty in the audit report. The
results suggest that audit report lag is reduced by
appointing an international audit firm or paying a
premium audit fee. Dogan, Coskun, and Celik (2017)
examined the relationship between a set of
explanatory variables (such as good or bad news,
financial risk, size and industry) and the timing of
annual reports released in companies listed on the
Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). They found that
timeliness in reporting by ISE listed companies is
influenced by their profitability. Good news firms
(measured by ROE and ROA) release their annual
reports earlier than bad news firms. They also found
that the timing of annual report releases is affected
significantly by company size, increased financial
risk, and the timing policy of previous years.
Almosa and Alabbas (2017) investigated the
determinants of audit delay for listed joint stock
companies in Saudi Arabia. Annual reports for the
years 2003–2006 were examined in the study.
Multiple regression analysis was applied to model
audit delay as a function of many explanatory
variables. These variables included company
attributes such as corporate size, company
profitability and industry sector and auditor attributes
such as type of audit firm, and type of audit opinion.
The study found that audit delay was positively
associated with total assets and negatively associated
with income. In the Saudi context, Aljabr (2017),
mentioned in Almosa and Alabbas (2014),
empirically examined the relationship between the
timing of the financial information announcements
and some attributes of joint stock companies over the
period 2001-2005. The results showed that a firm’s
debt leverage was negatively associated with the
timing of information release.
Al-Ajmi (2018) investigated the timeliness of annual
reports of an unbalanced panel of 231 firms-years of
financial and non-financial companies listed on the
Bahrain Stock Exchange. The study aimed to identify
the determinants of the timeliness of Bahraini annual
reports during the period 1999-2006. Specifically, it
tested the relationship between auditors’ and firms’
specific characteristics, including corporate
governance, with respect to both the timeliness of
annual reports and the audit delay. The study found
that the determinants of timeliness of annual reporting
are company size, profitability, and leverage. No
evidence was found to support the effect of auditor
type. Conover, Miller and Szakmary (2018) examined
financial reporting lags, the incidence of late filing,
and the relationship between reporting lags, firm
performance and the degree of capital market
scrutiny. Their study focuses upon whether the
incidence of late filing, and the relationship between
reporting days and other variables, differs
systematically between common law and code law
countries. They found that timely filing is less
frequent in code law countries. Poor firm
performance and longer reporting lags are more
strongly linked in common law countries. They also
found that whereas greater capital market scrutiny
and more timely filing are related, there is less
support for a relationship between the level of debt
financing and timely filing in code law countries.
METHODOLOGY
The design of this study is directed at analysing the
timeliness of corporate financial reporting in relation
to audit firm size and industry sector of companies
quoted on the NSE. This work adopted the survey
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD54026 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 370
research design. This design consist of cross-sectional
design and longitudinal research design since the
study uses selected firms across the Nigeria Stock
Exchange spanning ten (10) years, 2012- 2021. The
statistical and mathematical tools to be used include
percentages, frequencies, tabulation, and descriptive
statistics while multiple regression analysis is used to
test the hypothesis generated in this work in the
introduction section. The multiple regression model is
guided by a linear model.
Pooled regression specification
it
it
it
i
i
TA
NOE
PAT
AGE
o
TL 1
3 6
4
3
3
2
2
1
1 ε
α
α
α
α
α +
+
+
+
+
=
3.1
Fixed Effect Model Specification
it
i
i
it
it
it
i
i
idum
TA
NOE
PAT
AGE
o
TL 1
1
1 9
6
4
3
3
2
2
1
1 ε
α
ε
α
α
α
α +
=
+
+
+
+
+
= ∑ 3.2
Random effect model specification
it
it
it
it
i
i
i
TA
NOE
PAT
AGE
o
TL 1
1
6
4
3
3
2
2
1
1 ε
µ
ε
α
α
α
α +
+
+
+
+
+
+
=
3.3
Where:
TL = timeliness of financial reporting
AUF = audit firm size
PAT = profit after tax
NOE = number of employees
TA = total assets
The method of data analysis to be used in this study is the multiple linear regressions using ordinary least square
method. This approach, which is a quantitative technique, includes tables and the test for the hypotheses
formulated by using ordinary least square with Econometric View regression analysis at 5% level of
significance.
In order to circumvent these problems, panel estimation techniques of fixed and random effects will be adopted
in this study, in addition to the traditional pooled regression estimation. Decisions will be made between the
fixed and random effect models using the Hausman specification test. The panel model for the study is specified
base on the modified model of (Menard, 2015).
it
i
it
it Z
X
Y ε
α
β +
+
= '
'
Where:
Y = dependent variable
D = independent variable
o
β = intercept
i
β = coefficient of the explanatory variable
e = error term
I = cross-sectional variable
T = time series variable
Moreover, in order to undertake a statistical evaluation of our analytical model, so as to determine the reliability
of the result obtained and the coefficient of correlation (r) of the regression, the coefficient of determination (r2
),
the student T-test and F-test where employed.
Et
y
i
y
y t
m
i
t
t +
∆
Σ
+
+
+
=
∆ −
−
− 1
1
1
2
1 α
δ
β
β
Where:
t
y
∆ = change time t
1
−
∆ t
y = the lagged value of the dependent variables
t
Σ = White noise error term
If in the above δ =0, then we conclude that there is a unit root. Otherwise, there is no unit root, meaning that it
is stationary. The choice of lag will be determined by Akaike information criteria.
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DATA PRESENTATION
Tables one contains the cross-sectional data of the variables from the 10 quoted commercial banks from 2012-
2021.
Table 1 Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting: Pooled Effect Model
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
NOE -0.000103 0.000524 -0.195833 0.8452
PAT 4.747556 3.970751 1.195632 0.0000
TA 0.017096 0.013244 1.290851 0.2000
AGE -0.000830 0.105110 -0.007894 0.9937
C 81.19528 5.211524 15.57995 0.0000
R-squared 0.220428 Mean dependent var 78.91753
Adjusted R-squared 0.011171 S.D. dependent var 23.41726
S.E. of regression 23.54770 Akaike info criterion 9.196296
Sum squared resid 51567.96 Schwarz criterion 9.302470
Log likelihood -442.0204 Hannan-Quinn criter. 9.239228
F-statistic 0.646462 Durbin-Watson stat 0.682339
Prob(F-statistic) 0.587126
Source: Extract From E-View 9.0
Interpretation of the Result Table.1 above, presents the effect of the independent variables on the dependent
variables as formulated in a regression model. Evidence from the model found that the pooled effect can explain
22% and 1.1% variation on the dependent variable while the model is statistically not significant by the value of
F-statistics and F-probability. The Durbin Watson statistics is less than 1.00, which means the absence of serial
autocorrelation. The effect of the independent variables found that number of employees and company age have
negative relationship with timeliness of financial reporting which is proxy by number days. However, the t-
statistics and the probability proved that from the pooled effect model, all the explanatory variables are
statistically not significant except profit after tax of the firms.
Table 2 Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting: The Fixed Effect Model
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
NOE -0.000601 0.000754 -0.797248 0.4276
PAT 4.747556 3.970751 1.195632 0.0000
TA -0.004881 0.009815 -0.497347 0.6202
AGE 5.457421 0.216466 2.113131 0.0376
C 62.82663 9.352631 6.717536 0.0000
Effects Specification
Cross-section fixed (dummy variables)
R-squared 0.718682 Mean dependent var 78.91753
Adjusted R-squared 0.678494 S.D. dependent var 23.41726
S.E. of regression 13.27795 Akaike info criterion 8.134233
Sum squared resid 14809.52 Schwarz criterion 8.479297
Log likelihood -381.5103 Hannan-Quinn criter. 8.273760
F-statistic 17.88287 Durbin-Watson stat 1.609418
Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000
Source: Extract from E-view 9.0
Table 2 presents results of the fixed effect model on the effect of corporate characteristics and timeliness of
financial reporting of the ten quoted firms’ understudy. The fixed effect model found that the independent
variables can explain 71.8 and 67.8 percent variation on the dependent variable which is timeliness of financial
reporting. The F statistics and the F-probability proved that the model is statistically significant. The Durbin
Watson statistics justifies the absence of serial autocorrelation in the time series. The fixed effect results found
number of employees and total assets have negative while profit after tax and age of the firms have positive
relationship with timeliness of financial reporting of the selected firms. Coefficient of t-statistics and probability
found that profit after tax and company age have significant relationship while number of employees and total
assets have no significant relationship with timeliness of financial reporting.
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Table 3 Corporate Characteristics and Timeliness of Financial Reporting: The Random Effect Model
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
NOE -0.000552 0.000691 -0.799497 0.4260
TA -0.005090 0.009602 -0.530051 0.5973
PAT 41.93282 37.73248 1.111319 0.2700
AGE 0.325114 0.184197 1.765034 0.0808
C 68.16512 10.95466 6.222479 0.0000
Cross-section random 23.95109 0.7649
Idiosyncratic random 13.27795 0.2351
Weighted Statistics
R-squared 0.440865 Mean dependent var 13.81878
Adjusted R-squared 0.309925 S.D. dependent var 13.24443
S.E. of regression 13.18213 Sum squared resid 16160.48
F-statistic 1.320800 Durbin-Watson stat 1.541329
Prob(F-statistic) 0.272354
Source: Extract from E-View 9.0
However, to further investigate the relationship between corporate characteristics and timeliness of financial
reporting, we examine the random effect model. Result from the random effect model found that the independent
variables can explain 44.0 percent and 30.9 percent variation on the dependent variable. The model is
statistically not significant as the F-statistics and the F-probability is less than the critical value of 0.05. The beta
coefficient found that number of employees and profit after tax has negative relationship with timeliness of
financial reporting while total assets and company age have positive relationship with timeliness of financial
reporting of the selected quoted firms.
Table 4 Panel Unit Root Test
Series: D(NOD)
Method Statistic Prob.**
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 27.4292 0.1236
ADF - Choi Z-stat -1.28930 0.0986
Series: D(NOE)
Method Statistic Prob.**
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 42.6609 0.0023
ADF - Choi Z-stat -2.64838 0.0040
Series: D(TA)
Method Statistic Prob.**
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 31.6842 0.0240
ADF - Choi Z-stat -1.22749 0.1098
Age
Method Statistic Prob.**
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 9.77806 0.0443
ADF - Choi Z-stat -1.88529 0.0297
Source: extract from E-view
The unit root test at first difference shows that all the variables are stationary at first difference; this implies the
rejection of null hypothesis of non-stationarity in favour of the alternate for stationarity. The above table also
implies that the variables are co integrated in the order or 1(1).
Table 5 Test of Hypotheses
Variables T-Statistic P-Value Observation Decision
NOE -0.797248 0.4276 P value > 0.05 Accept H0
TA 1.195632 0.0000 P value< 0.05 Reject H0
PAT -0.497347 0.6202 P value < 0.05 Reject H0
AGE 2.113131 0.0376 P value < 0.05 Reject H0
Source: Computed from E-view statistical package
Note: hypotheses tested from the results of the fixed effect model based on the validity of the model from
Hausman test. The table above summarizes the hypothesis formulated in this study.
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DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS: The findings of this
study proved that profitability have positive and
significant relationship with timeliness of financial
reporting of the selected firms (Banks), this finding
confirm the a-priori expectation of the study.
The main objective of this study was to examine the
Growing Need of corporate attributes and Timeliness
of Financial Reporting in Nigeria. To address this,
relevant data were collected and analysed, from the
analysis, results were obtained and discussed. From
the discussion of the results, Audit firm size is found
to be significant in determining timeliness, Influence
of industry sector such as total assets and number of
employees Profitability and financial year end do not
appear to have any adverse bearing on financial
reporting lag. Most of the findings are contrary with
findings of other studies. Overall, three explanatory
variables, total assets, age and number of employees
did not show predicted signs. However, there is a
significant difference in the timeliness of financial
reporting among industrial sectors in Nigeria. Base on
the cross-sectional time series data, the banking sector
was found to be timelier in financial reporting. The
results showed that reporting may be reduced by the
existence and enforcement of rules and regulations of
regulatory bodies. Therefore, the findings of this
study can be used in the debate on the effectiveness or
otherwise of regulatory provisions regarding
timeliness of financial reporting in Nigeria.
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Committee Characteristics, Audit Inputs, and
Financial Reporting Quality. Research
Collection School of Accountancy.