This study examined the effect of related party transactions on return on total equity of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria. Data for the study were analyzed with descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares OLS analysis was used to test the hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS . The findings show that related party transaction has statistical positive relationship on the return on equity of the quoted Nigerian commercial banks. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommends that equity shareholders must always ensure that dividend declared are not based on falsified profit especially when related party transactions which has inherent risk of corporate failure are involved. Okerekeoti, Chinedu U. "Related Party Transaction and Performance of Quoted Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47968.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47968/related-party-transaction-and-performance-of-quoted-banks-in-nigeria/okerekeoti-chinedu-u
The Growing Need of Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reportingijtsrd
This study examined the Growing Need of corporate attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting in Nigeria. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of quoted banks. Number of days was modelled as a function of total assets, influence of industry sector, size of audit firm, profitability and number of employees. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed effect model. The result found that profitability and influence of industry sector have positive relationship with timeliness of financial report of the selected bank. The panel unit root proved that the variables are stationary at first difference while the causality test found one unidirectional relationship with size of audit firm to timeliness of financial reporting. From the regression summary, the study concludes that corporate attributes have significant relationship with timeliness of financial reports. We recommend that corporate attributes that affect negative timeliness of financial reporting should be discouraged or properly managed and factors that enhance timeliness of financial reporting should be encouraged. Dr. Odogu Laime Isaac | Dr. Zebaghafa Sunday | Okpobo Timinipre Joseph "The Growing Need of Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54026.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54026/the-growing-need-of-corporate-attributes-and-timeliness-of-financial-reporting/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
Corporate Governance An Empirical Study on Tax Avoidance of Consumer Goods Fi...ijtsrd
This study delved the relationship between commercial governance and duty avoidance of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises in Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to examine the effect of board independence and CEO duality on effective duty rate. The study espoused the Ex Post Facto exploration design. The population comprised of all quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises on the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE from 2010 to 2020. The sample was intentionally drawn from all the consumer goods manufacturing enterprises of the NSE. Data were attained from periodic reports and accounts of the quoted companies. The study used both descriptive and deducible statistics to assay the data. The suppositions were tested using Retrogression analysis fashion with aid ofE view9.0. From the analysis, the study set up that board independence has positive effect on effective duty rate of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises, and this effect isnt statistically significant, also CEO duality has a negative effect on effective duty rate of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises, but this effect is statistically significant. The study thus recommended among others that Moderate board sizes Since an exorbitantly large board size may not ameliorate the effectiveness of opinions, the establishment should maintain optimum board size position and not exceed the sufficient number necessary to drive the company through its vision. Echekoba Felix Nwolisa | Patrick Amechi. Mbanefo | Ubesie Cyril Madubuko "Corporate Governance: An Empirical Study on Tax Avoidance of Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56304.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/56304/corporate-governance-an-empirical-study-on-tax-avoidance-of-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/echekoba-felix-nwolisa
Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Qu...ijtsrd
This research work focused on the relationship between Window Dressing accounting and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. Off statement of financial position financing, window dressing, are used as dimensions of window dressing accounting while relevance and faithful representation are used to measure quality of corporate reporting. The study applied ex post facto research design. Two research questions were raised for the study and two hypotheses were formulated. The statistical package for social science SPSS is used to test the hypotheses. The result showed that there is positive and correlative relationship between window dressing of accounts and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. The study therefore, among others, recommended that there should be one set of global financial reporting standard by all operators of financial statements which must be effectively monitored. More emphasis should be laid in the review of the standard. Odogu Laime Isaac | Okpobo Timinipre Joseph | Obalakumo Anderson Pereowei "Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54027.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54027/effect-of-window-dressing-accounting-and-quality-of-corporate-reporting-of-quoted-banks-in-nigeria/odogu-laime-isaac
Analysis of financial accounting standards and their effects on financial rep...Alexander Decker
This document discusses financial accounting standards and their effects on financial reporting and practices of modern business organizations in Nigeria. It provides background on the development of accounting standards and discusses arguments for and against them. The study found a positive correlation between accounting standards and financial reporting through quantitative analysis. It also found that there are significant costs associated with adhering to accounting standards. The document concludes by recommending that standard setters consider costs and benefits more and provide guidelines on disclosing intangible assets.
Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industr...ijtsrd
The main objective of this study is to find out the factors that determine the audit fees in the listed pharmaceuticals and chemicals companies of Bangladesh. The study is conducted on 21 listed companies in the pharmaceuticals and chemicals industry during the period of 2015 to 2018. Client characteristics client size, leverage and return on assets , client's governance structure independent directors and audit committee and firm ranking are taken as the proxy variables of the determinants of audit fees. The study has found that client size, leverage and firm ranking have positive and significant impact on audit fees of the sample firm. On the other hand the proportion of independent directors in the board has a negative and significant impact on audit fees. However, the study did not find any significant association between audit fees and return on assets. It is suggested that policymakers should include more independent directors in the board for ensuring better governance to reduce the external audit fees. Besides, in case of maintaining obligatory audit committee, companies should consider the efficiency and effectiveness of the committee. Md. Noor Hossain | Raihan Sobhan "Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry of Bangladesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29656.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29656/determinants-of-audit-fees-evidence-from-pharmaceutical-and-chemical-industry-of-bangladesh/md-noor-hossain
Profitability and Timeliness of Financial Reports in Nigerian Quoted Companiesijtsrd
This study examined the relationship between profitability and timeliness of financial reports in Nigerian quoted companies. Ex Post Facto research design was adopted for the study. The population is all the 145 quoted companies in Nigeria. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane method. Data were sourced from the content analysis of annual reports and accounts of the selected quoted Nigerian companies for eleven years from the year 2010 to 2019. The panel data regression technique was used to estimate the relationship between the variables with aid of e view 9.0 software. The outcome of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between profitability and timeliness of financial reports in Nigerian quoted companies at 5 level of significance. The study therefore, recommended Since lower profitability most especially losses poses high risk including liquidation risk. Auditors should take more time in their audit to avoiding future litigations more especially the firms with bad news. Aigienohuwa, Osarenren O | Uniamikogbo, Emmanual "Profitability and Timeliness of Financial Reports in Nigerian Quoted Companies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47698.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47698/profitability-and-timeliness-of-financial-reports-in-nigerian-quoted-companies/aigienohuwa-osarenren-o
Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance Evidence from ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study determined the relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals, on return on investment. Data for this study were obtained from secondary sources only. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The secondary data were obtained from annual reports of 22 listed banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample banks were obtained using the stratified sampling technique while the sample size was obtained using the random sampling technique. The variables that were considered in this study are financial reporting quality and corporate performance, which were represented by the effect of discretionary accruals, and non discretionary accruals on return on investment. Data analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square statistical tools with aid of E view 9 and the level of significance used to test the hypothesis was 5 . The findings show that there is negative but significant relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals and return on investment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of listed banks should ensure that they adopt best practices in financial reporting like Automated financial reporting solutions because there is direct relationship between abnormal accruals and return on investment. Anichukwu, Salome A | Ekwueme, Chizoba M "Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/39835/effect-of-financial-reporting-quality-on-corporate-performance-evidence-from-listed-banks-in-nigeria/anichukwu-salome-a
Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standardsinventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Growing Need of Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reportingijtsrd
This study examined the Growing Need of corporate attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting in Nigeria. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of quoted banks. Number of days was modelled as a function of total assets, influence of industry sector, size of audit firm, profitability and number of employees. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed effect model. The result found that profitability and influence of industry sector have positive relationship with timeliness of financial report of the selected bank. The panel unit root proved that the variables are stationary at first difference while the causality test found one unidirectional relationship with size of audit firm to timeliness of financial reporting. From the regression summary, the study concludes that corporate attributes have significant relationship with timeliness of financial reports. We recommend that corporate attributes that affect negative timeliness of financial reporting should be discouraged or properly managed and factors that enhance timeliness of financial reporting should be encouraged. Dr. Odogu Laime Isaac | Dr. Zebaghafa Sunday | Okpobo Timinipre Joseph "The Growing Need of Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54026.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54026/the-growing-need-of-corporate-attributes-and-timeliness-of-financial-reporting/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
Corporate Governance An Empirical Study on Tax Avoidance of Consumer Goods Fi...ijtsrd
This study delved the relationship between commercial governance and duty avoidance of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises in Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to examine the effect of board independence and CEO duality on effective duty rate. The study espoused the Ex Post Facto exploration design. The population comprised of all quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises on the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE from 2010 to 2020. The sample was intentionally drawn from all the consumer goods manufacturing enterprises of the NSE. Data were attained from periodic reports and accounts of the quoted companies. The study used both descriptive and deducible statistics to assay the data. The suppositions were tested using Retrogression analysis fashion with aid ofE view9.0. From the analysis, the study set up that board independence has positive effect on effective duty rate of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises, and this effect isnt statistically significant, also CEO duality has a negative effect on effective duty rate of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises, but this effect is statistically significant. The study thus recommended among others that Moderate board sizes Since an exorbitantly large board size may not ameliorate the effectiveness of opinions, the establishment should maintain optimum board size position and not exceed the sufficient number necessary to drive the company through its vision. Echekoba Felix Nwolisa | Patrick Amechi. Mbanefo | Ubesie Cyril Madubuko "Corporate Governance: An Empirical Study on Tax Avoidance of Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56304.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/56304/corporate-governance-an-empirical-study-on-tax-avoidance-of-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/echekoba-felix-nwolisa
Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Qu...ijtsrd
This research work focused on the relationship between Window Dressing accounting and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. Off statement of financial position financing, window dressing, are used as dimensions of window dressing accounting while relevance and faithful representation are used to measure quality of corporate reporting. The study applied ex post facto research design. Two research questions were raised for the study and two hypotheses were formulated. The statistical package for social science SPSS is used to test the hypotheses. The result showed that there is positive and correlative relationship between window dressing of accounts and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. The study therefore, among others, recommended that there should be one set of global financial reporting standard by all operators of financial statements which must be effectively monitored. More emphasis should be laid in the review of the standard. Odogu Laime Isaac | Okpobo Timinipre Joseph | Obalakumo Anderson Pereowei "Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54027.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54027/effect-of-window-dressing-accounting-and-quality-of-corporate-reporting-of-quoted-banks-in-nigeria/odogu-laime-isaac
Analysis of financial accounting standards and their effects on financial rep...Alexander Decker
This document discusses financial accounting standards and their effects on financial reporting and practices of modern business organizations in Nigeria. It provides background on the development of accounting standards and discusses arguments for and against them. The study found a positive correlation between accounting standards and financial reporting through quantitative analysis. It also found that there are significant costs associated with adhering to accounting standards. The document concludes by recommending that standard setters consider costs and benefits more and provide guidelines on disclosing intangible assets.
Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industr...ijtsrd
The main objective of this study is to find out the factors that determine the audit fees in the listed pharmaceuticals and chemicals companies of Bangladesh. The study is conducted on 21 listed companies in the pharmaceuticals and chemicals industry during the period of 2015 to 2018. Client characteristics client size, leverage and return on assets , client's governance structure independent directors and audit committee and firm ranking are taken as the proxy variables of the determinants of audit fees. The study has found that client size, leverage and firm ranking have positive and significant impact on audit fees of the sample firm. On the other hand the proportion of independent directors in the board has a negative and significant impact on audit fees. However, the study did not find any significant association between audit fees and return on assets. It is suggested that policymakers should include more independent directors in the board for ensuring better governance to reduce the external audit fees. Besides, in case of maintaining obligatory audit committee, companies should consider the efficiency and effectiveness of the committee. Md. Noor Hossain | Raihan Sobhan "Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry of Bangladesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29656.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29656/determinants-of-audit-fees-evidence-from-pharmaceutical-and-chemical-industry-of-bangladesh/md-noor-hossain
Profitability and Timeliness of Financial Reports in Nigerian Quoted Companiesijtsrd
This study examined the relationship between profitability and timeliness of financial reports in Nigerian quoted companies. Ex Post Facto research design was adopted for the study. The population is all the 145 quoted companies in Nigeria. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane method. Data were sourced from the content analysis of annual reports and accounts of the selected quoted Nigerian companies for eleven years from the year 2010 to 2019. The panel data regression technique was used to estimate the relationship between the variables with aid of e view 9.0 software. The outcome of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between profitability and timeliness of financial reports in Nigerian quoted companies at 5 level of significance. The study therefore, recommended Since lower profitability most especially losses poses high risk including liquidation risk. Auditors should take more time in their audit to avoiding future litigations more especially the firms with bad news. Aigienohuwa, Osarenren O | Uniamikogbo, Emmanual "Profitability and Timeliness of Financial Reports in Nigerian Quoted Companies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47698.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47698/profitability-and-timeliness-of-financial-reports-in-nigerian-quoted-companies/aigienohuwa-osarenren-o
Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance Evidence from ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study determined the relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals, on return on investment. Data for this study were obtained from secondary sources only. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The secondary data were obtained from annual reports of 22 listed banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample banks were obtained using the stratified sampling technique while the sample size was obtained using the random sampling technique. The variables that were considered in this study are financial reporting quality and corporate performance, which were represented by the effect of discretionary accruals, and non discretionary accruals on return on investment. Data analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square statistical tools with aid of E view 9 and the level of significance used to test the hypothesis was 5 . The findings show that there is negative but significant relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals and return on investment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of listed banks should ensure that they adopt best practices in financial reporting like Automated financial reporting solutions because there is direct relationship between abnormal accruals and return on investment. Anichukwu, Salome A | Ekwueme, Chizoba M "Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/39835/effect-of-financial-reporting-quality-on-corporate-performance-evidence-from-listed-banks-in-nigeria/anichukwu-salome-a
Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standardsinventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Forensic Accounting and Integrated Financial Reporting of Banks using HausmanIJAEMSJORNAL
This study examined forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study aimed to examine forensic accounting effects on the integrated financial reporting of the listed banks. Its specific objectives determined the impact Litigations, Claims, Fraud cases reported, Cost of forensic investigation and Non-performing loans (LCFCN) have on integrated financial reporting variables such as corporate social responsibility – CSR. Integrated financial reporting (IFR) is the dependent variable while forensic accounting (FA) is the independent variable. In line with these stated objectives, five research questions and five hypotheses were formulated and it adopted the ex-post facto research design. The population of study constitutes 24 listed banks in Ghana, only 8 listed banks was selected through a purposive sampling. The data for the study was purely secondary and sourced from related books of the banks via Central Banks bulletin (Ghana), African financials and banks reports for a period of 16years from 2004-2020. Moreover, data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, the Shapiro -Wilk test for a diagnostic check for normality and a combination of the panel regression analysis with the Hausman test which aided appropriately specification whether the analysis should be done with a fixed effect or random effect model of which the fixed effect was used for the interpretation at (P 0.050 < 0.10). In nations analyzed, the results among others demonstrated that forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting were statistically significant at 1%, 5%, and 10% as claims is positive and have significant effect on CSR (β = 64687.53, P<0.10); Non-performing loans is statistically significant and had a negative effect on CSR (β = -2.934, P= 0.054 @ 0.10). The study hence concludes that the effective implementation of forensic accounting had a constructive and significant effect on the integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study recommends among others that the apex banks should mandate banks to incorporate forensic accounting when reassessing their employability skill set, report production, debt administration and management, and portray fairness virtue in their reporting system so as to attract more investment and positive public image.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Determinants of Client Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit M...ijtsrd
This study examined the effect determinants of client characteristics on financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Client fee and client size proxies for client characteristic and return on assets for measure of financial performance. The ex post facto research design was adopted for this study. Data were drawn from the annual report and accounts of fifteen 15 deposit money banks in Nigerian covering a period of ten 10 years from 2011 to 2020. Data extracted were analysis and tested with multiple regression analysis. The results show that client fee and client size has a negative effect on return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria, and these effects were not statistically significant at 5 level of significance. Based on the findings of this study, it recommended amount others that the shareholders should consider the complexity of clients’ businesses especially oil and gas businesses when fixing the audit fees for the fact that those complex businesses are more difficult to audit. Okerekeoti, Chinedu U. "Determinants of Client Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49819.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49819/determinants-of-client-characteristics-and-financial-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/okerekeoti-chinedu-u
Factors Influencing the Level of Compliance with International Financial Re...Premier Publishers
Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by Small and Medium-Scale enterprises (SMEs) has become a topical issue in accounting research, and it has become necessary in order to enhance the ability of SMEs to live up to international best business practices. SMEs are pivotal to the growth and development of any nation's economy. Many countries are opening their doors to foreign investments due to globalization and businesses are expanding beyond their national borders. Therefore, there is a need for the SME sector in Nigeria to be prepared and take advantage of this phenomenon for their growth by ensuring that their financial reports comply with the disclosure requirements of IFRS. This study assessed the factors that influence the levels of compliance with IFRS by SMEs in Ondo State, Nigeria. A cross sectional survey of one hundred SMEs in Akure was conducted through structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Single-Factor Descriptive Analysis, Weighted Mean Scoring, Principal Component Analysis and Regression Analysis. The study found there was low level of compliance by the SMEs in the study area and major factors influencing compliance are proper accounting records submission of accounting statements to regulatory bodies and knowledge of IFRS with mean ratings of 3.29, 3.27, 3.26 and 3.24 respectively. It concluded that there is need for the SMEs in the study area to comply with the disclosure requirements of IFRS in order to improve their capitalization and profitability. It is recommended that Financial Reporting Act in Nigeria is reviewed to make compliance of SMEs with IFRS mandatory and that Financial Reporting Council should ensure proper capacity development to enable SMEs compliance.
Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on Corporate Performance of Quoted Manufacturi...ijtsrd
The objective of the study is to examine the effect of voluntary disclosure on corporate performance of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study specifically examined the effect of voluntary disclosure on ROA, ROE, and NPM. The population of the study was drawn from manufacturing firms quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. financial year. The study was based on secondary sources of data, collected from annual financial reports. The study used content analysis to analyse the voluntary disclosure items. The study finds that voluntary disclosure has a significant negative effect on profitability return on assets, return on equity and net profit margin . The study therefore recommends, among others, manufacturing firms to enhance voluntary disclosure based on a cost benefit analysis of such, and also, help “bridge the gap†between financial numbers and the true economics underlying the company’s transaction. Voluntary disclosure is also recommended as a medium to curtail the shenanigans of earnings management. Ikemefuna, Victor C. | Onuora, J. K. "Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on Corporate Performance of Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42600.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42600/effect-of-voluntary-disclosure-on-corporate-performance-of-quoted-manufacturing-companies-in-nigeria/ikemefuna-victor-c
Mandatory and Voluntary Disclosure of Annual Report on Investor ReactionHendra Gunawan
This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of mandatory disclosure, voluntary disclosure on investor reaction to either partially or simultaneously. The study was conduct on 38 manufactured companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange. There are fve variables that mandatory disclosure, voluntary disclosure as the independent variable, cash flow operating activities (AKOp), cash flows investing activities (AKIn), cash flows fnancing activities (AKDa) as the control variable and the investor reaction was measured by using trading volume activity as the dependent variable. The result indicates that mandatory disclosure partially affect the investor reaction mandatory disclosure, voluntary disclosure simultaneously affect the investor reaction. Limitations are mandatory disclosure, voluntary disclosure, cash flow operating activities (AKOp), cash flow investing activities (AKIn), cash flow fnancing activities (AKDa) are less able to measure the volume of stock trading prediction of the future.
Effect of Abnormal Cash Flow Quality on Big 4 and Non Big 4 Audited Firms in ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study compare financial reporting quality of Big 4 audited and non Big 4 audited firms in Nigeria. Specifically, compares the abnormal operating cash flow quality, and abnormal production expenditure quality, and unexpected core earnings of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms. The study adopts the ex post facto research design as the goal is not manipulate any variable but rather establish comparative difference. The population comprised of quoted manufacturing firms and the sample restricted to a purposive sample of 62 firms from 6 sectors listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE . The study utilized secondary data retrieved from annual financial statements of the sampled firms. The data were analyzed using several techniques such as multiple regression, and correlation. The results showed a statistically significant difference in abnormal operating cash flow quality of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms a statistically significant difference in abnormal production expenditure quality of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms. Based on this, the study recommends that shareholders during Annual General Meeting AGM may also seek the adoption of joint auditors to strengthen audit quality and cushion against shocks from manipulative practices of managers or the lack of independence from continued engagement of particular audit firms. Anazonwu, Helen O. | Egbunike, Patrick A. "Effect of Abnormal Cash Flow Quality on Big 4 and Non-Big 4 Audited Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43847.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/43847/effect-of-abnormal-cash-flow-quality-on-big-4-and-nonbig-4-audited-firms-in-nigeria/anazonwu-helen-o
Financial Structure and the Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Fi...ijtsrd
The study investigated the effect of financial structure on the financial performance of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study used profit after tax PAT to represented financial performance as the dependent variable while financial structure was disintegrated into Short Term Debt STD , Long Term Debt LTD , share capital SC and retained earnings RE as the independent variable. The data for the study were obtained from the Financial Statement and Annual Reports of the selected firms. The data set comprised fifty 50 observations comprising five year time series data spanning 2010 to 2019 from ten firms in the consumer goods sector. The panel regression technique based on Fixed and Random Effects were used for data analyses. The Hausman test showed that the Fixed Effect model is more suitable for the study. The findings revealed that STD and SC have significant positive effects on the PAT of consumer goods firms in Nigeria while LTD and RE were found to have positive but no significant effect on the PAT of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study conclude that b working capital management is an efficient tool for the consumer goods subsector in Nigeria. Among the contributions of the study is the use of all the four sources of funds and the use of profit after tax that tends to capture the overall effect of the various fund sources on the holistic profitability of the consumer goods firms. The recommendations included use of share capital for long term investment and working capital management for operations. Daniel, Prince Chinwendu | Dr. Joseph A. Nduka "Financial Structure and the Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37967.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/37967/financial-structure-and-the-financial-performance-of-quoted-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/daniel-prince-chinwendu
Corporate Governance Practices and Financial Statement Analysis in Rwanda A C...ijtsrd
The study used a correlation and case study designs in order to determine the relationship between financial statement analysis and corporate decision making. Data was collected from 66 randomly selected respondents who included bank management and staffs. The questionnaire used for data collection while validity was ensured by using subject matter experts to judge the content validity. Similarly, reliability ensured by pilot testing the questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics frequency and percentage distribution and inferential statistics multiple linear regression analysis . The researcher therefore accepts the first null hypothesis and rejects the second and third null hypotheses. It is hoped that the study will act as a guiding tool for BRD by highlighting the assessment of financial statement analysis and corporate decision making. This will encourage BRD to sustainably improve their financial statement analysis practices in order to improve corporate decision making. Furthermore, the researcher hopes that other academicians will find the findings of this study valuable in benchmarking their studies on the same subject. Dr. Pooja Nagpal | Dr. Yagnam Nagesh | Dr. Umamaheswari K "Corporate Governance Practices & Financial Statement Analysis in Rwanda - A Case Study of Bank of Rwanda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50401.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/50401/corporate-governance-practices-and-financial-statement-analysis-in-rwanda--a-case-study-of-bank-of-rwanda/dr-pooja-nagpal
Audit Firm Rotation and Audit Report Lag in NigeriaIOSR Journals
Audit firm rotation and audit report lag has been a topical issue to regulators, investors, practitioners and the public at large. Hence, this study is designed to determine the relationship between audit firm rotation and audit report lag in Nigeria. Secondary data gathered from the 2011 annual reports of fifty (50) randomly selected companies, quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) were employed in the study. The Ordinary Least Square technique (OLS) was used in the analysis of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study reveals that audit fees, year–end and audit firm type all have positive relationship with audit report lag. The research also establishes that audit firm rotation and company size have a negative insignificant relationship with audit report lag.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Audit committee and timeliness of financial reportsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between audit committee characteristics and the timeliness of financial reporting for companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange from 2007-2011. The study reviews relevant literature on agency theory, resource dependence theory, audit committees, and prior empirical research on timeliness of financial reporting. It describes how audit committee independence, expertise, size, and meetings are examined in relation to the timeliness of company financial reports. The results of the study are discussed in the document.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes adopting a system of Financial Statement Insurance (FSI) in Nigeria to help restore investor confidence in Nigerian banks. The paper argues that FSI could eliminate conflicts of interest between auditors and their bank clients by having independent insurance companies appoint and pay auditors. This would help ensure auditors provide accurate financial statements. The paper reviews issues like past bank failures in Nigeria due to problems like loans given without proper risk assessments. It argues FSI could improve financial statement quality and transparency, thus restoring trust in Nigerian banks among investors and the public.
Post privatization Corporate Governance and the challenges of working capital...inventionjournals
The document discusses corporate governance and working capital challenges in Nigeria after privatization. It examines the impact of corporate governance proxies like ownership structure, board characteristics, and privatization on the liquidity ratio of Ashaka Cement Company. Trend analysis found the liquidity ratio was generally higher before privatization but declined significantly at times due to economic issues. Regression analysis suggests some corporate governance factors like minority ownership and privatization had a positive impact on liquidity ratio, while others like non-executive directors and market value had a negative impact. The study concludes corporate governance significantly impacts liquidity ratio but macroeconomic environment also influences company efficiency.
Contribution of Current Assets Management to the Financial Performance of Lis...ijtsrd
The study examined the effect of current asset management on the financial performance of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study specifically determined the extent to which debtor turnover ratio, cash ratio and inventory turnover ratio affect the Earnings Per Share of listed consumer goods firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group, using causal comparative research design. Purposive sampling technique was deployed to determine the twelve 12 consumer goods firms that made up the sample participants of the study, out of a population of twenty one. Secondary data were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the selected companies over a period of ten years which spanned from 2011 to 2020. The hypotheses formulated were tested using Ordinary Least Square technique at 5 level of significance. The findings revealed that while debtor turnover ratio and inventory turnover ratio have a positive effect on earnings per share, cash ratio negatively affects the Earnings Per Share of listed consumer goods firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group. However, the effects were not significant at 5 level. It was recommended that managers of consumer goods firms should reduce to minimal level the time it will take between sales of goods and services and the collection of cash since the performance of firms can be increased through an increment in frequency of debt collection. Gilbert Ogechukwu Nworie | Vitalis O. Moedu | Onyali, Chidiebele Innocent "Contribution of Current Assets Management to the Financial Performance of Listed Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52600.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/52600/contribution-of-current-assets-management-to-the-financial-performance-of-listed-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/gilbert-ogechukwu-nworie
Corporate Governance on Earnings Management in Listed Deposit Money Bank in N...ijtsrd
The increase in the manipulation of accounting records and collapse of some Nigerian Deposit Money Banks have left question in the mind of researchers on the role of corporate governance. This paper was carried out to examine the impact of corporate governance attributes on earnings management of listed Deposit Money Banks from 2009 to 2017. The study used a sample size of thirteen 13 banks. The dependent variable was measured using Discretionary Loan Loss Provision Model by Chang, Shen and Fang 2008 . Correlational design was employed the secondary data was obtained from the annual reports of the firms and Nigerian Stock Exchange website. The results from the multiple regression analysis proved that board size has positive and significant impact on earnings management board independence has negative and significant impact on earnings management while board of directors' ownership has insignificant impact on earnings management. The study concludes that effective monitoring role of independence directors will constrain the opportunistic behavior by managers. The paper therefore recommends among others that banks should increase the numbers of independent directors on the board to improve their monitoring effectiveness. Olaleye John Olatunde | Amafa Etupu Oluwafunmilayo "Corporate Governance on Earnings Management in Listed Deposit Money Bank in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29515.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/29515/corporate-governance-on-earnings-management-in-listed-deposit-money-bank-in-nigeria/olaleye-john-olatunde
Need for Harmonization of International Accounting Standardsijtsrd
International harmonization of accounting standards is not a new initiative. The concept of convergence first arose in the late 1950s in response to post World War II economic integration and related increases in cross border capital flows. Initial efforts focused on harmonization reducing differences among the accounting principles used around the world by developing a single set of high quality, international accounting standards that would be used around the world, to give it a professional shape and essence. Accountants all over the world feel the need to shorten the gap among different streams of accounting practices through harmonization. However, we have observed a couple of accounting diversity owing to information asymmetry and lack of uniformity, for example, the US GAAP. This diversity posed as threats towards harmonization of accounting practices. The profession however has also witnessed a greater achievement in recent years in the process of international harmonization of accounting standards. The IASC and its successor and the IFAC have played a significant role in this regard. In know distant time, we will observe that accounting world is controlled and guided by a single set of standards giving it a status of legal discipline in true sense. The study specific objective focuses on the international harmonization of accounting standards. In carrying out the study, a qualitative research method was adopted as the methodology. Hence, no data was collected and analyzed with statistical tools. The study concluded that harmonization of accounting standards all over the world is very vital and necessary as it helps to reduce or eliminate the differences in financial reporting. We recommended that the IFRS, IAS and other regulatory bodies should be more proactive in the discharge of their duties, as this will check negative manipulation of financial information by preparers for selfish gains. Agbo Innocent Sunny | Emovon Felix Osayabor "Need for Harmonization of International Accounting Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57566.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/57566/need-for-harmonization-of-international-accounting-standards/agbo-innocent-sunny
Creative Accounting Dynamics and Financial Reporting Quality in Public Corpor...YogeshIJTSRD
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the influence of creative accounting practices on the quality of financial reporting in public corporations in Nigeria. The study uses data from annual reports of 10 public corporations from 2014-2016, which used old accounting standards, and 2017-2019, which used IPSAS standards.
The results show that under the old standards, indicators of revenue/cost disclosure, auditor opinions, notes/schedules, and compliance to standards had moderate or low influence on financial reporting quality. But under IPSAS, all indicators had higher average scores and were found to have high or moderate influence on quality. Specifically, revenue/cost disclosure and auditor opinions saw increases of 1.5 and 1.49 respectively in their influence under
The document discusses a plan to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of implementing a new computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system at a healthcare facility before deployment. The goals are to appraise the usability of the CPOE system and provide administrators with data on successful implementation. The evaluation plan will use a survey to assess clinician workflow and satisfaction before and after deployment. Literature on CPOE systems suggests user interface design, training, and support are key to acceptance and performance. The findings will help optimize the CPOE system and its impact on clinical workflow.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
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This study examined the effect determinants of client characteristics on financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Client fee and client size proxies for client characteristic and return on assets for measure of financial performance. The ex post facto research design was adopted for this study. Data were drawn from the annual report and accounts of fifteen 15 deposit money banks in Nigerian covering a period of ten 10 years from 2011 to 2020. Data extracted were analysis and tested with multiple regression analysis. The results show that client fee and client size has a negative effect on return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria, and these effects were not statistically significant at 5 level of significance. Based on the findings of this study, it recommended amount others that the shareholders should consider the complexity of clients’ businesses especially oil and gas businesses when fixing the audit fees for the fact that those complex businesses are more difficult to audit. Okerekeoti, Chinedu U. "Determinants of Client Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49819.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49819/determinants-of-client-characteristics-and-financial-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/okerekeoti-chinedu-u
Factors Influencing the Level of Compliance with International Financial Re...Premier Publishers
Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by Small and Medium-Scale enterprises (SMEs) has become a topical issue in accounting research, and it has become necessary in order to enhance the ability of SMEs to live up to international best business practices. SMEs are pivotal to the growth and development of any nation's economy. Many countries are opening their doors to foreign investments due to globalization and businesses are expanding beyond their national borders. Therefore, there is a need for the SME sector in Nigeria to be prepared and take advantage of this phenomenon for their growth by ensuring that their financial reports comply with the disclosure requirements of IFRS. This study assessed the factors that influence the levels of compliance with IFRS by SMEs in Ondo State, Nigeria. A cross sectional survey of one hundred SMEs in Akure was conducted through structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Single-Factor Descriptive Analysis, Weighted Mean Scoring, Principal Component Analysis and Regression Analysis. The study found there was low level of compliance by the SMEs in the study area and major factors influencing compliance are proper accounting records submission of accounting statements to regulatory bodies and knowledge of IFRS with mean ratings of 3.29, 3.27, 3.26 and 3.24 respectively. It concluded that there is need for the SMEs in the study area to comply with the disclosure requirements of IFRS in order to improve their capitalization and profitability. It is recommended that Financial Reporting Act in Nigeria is reviewed to make compliance of SMEs with IFRS mandatory and that Financial Reporting Council should ensure proper capacity development to enable SMEs compliance.
Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on Corporate Performance of Quoted Manufacturi...ijtsrd
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Effect of Abnormal Cash Flow Quality on Big 4 and Non Big 4 Audited Firms in ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study compare financial reporting quality of Big 4 audited and non Big 4 audited firms in Nigeria. Specifically, compares the abnormal operating cash flow quality, and abnormal production expenditure quality, and unexpected core earnings of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms. The study adopts the ex post facto research design as the goal is not manipulate any variable but rather establish comparative difference. The population comprised of quoted manufacturing firms and the sample restricted to a purposive sample of 62 firms from 6 sectors listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE . The study utilized secondary data retrieved from annual financial statements of the sampled firms. The data were analyzed using several techniques such as multiple regression, and correlation. The results showed a statistically significant difference in abnormal operating cash flow quality of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms a statistically significant difference in abnormal production expenditure quality of Big 4 and non Big 4 audited firms. Based on this, the study recommends that shareholders during Annual General Meeting AGM may also seek the adoption of joint auditors to strengthen audit quality and cushion against shocks from manipulative practices of managers or the lack of independence from continued engagement of particular audit firms. Anazonwu, Helen O. | Egbunike, Patrick A. "Effect of Abnormal Cash Flow Quality on Big 4 and Non-Big 4 Audited Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43847.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/43847/effect-of-abnormal-cash-flow-quality-on-big-4-and-nonbig-4-audited-firms-in-nigeria/anazonwu-helen-o
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Audit firm rotation and audit report lag has been a topical issue to regulators, investors, practitioners and the public at large. Hence, this study is designed to determine the relationship between audit firm rotation and audit report lag in Nigeria. Secondary data gathered from the 2011 annual reports of fifty (50) randomly selected companies, quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) were employed in the study. The Ordinary Least Square technique (OLS) was used in the analysis of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study reveals that audit fees, year–end and audit firm type all have positive relationship with audit report lag. The research also establishes that audit firm rotation and company size have a negative insignificant relationship with audit report lag.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Audit committee and timeliness of financial reportsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between audit committee characteristics and the timeliness of financial reporting for companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange from 2007-2011. The study reviews relevant literature on agency theory, resource dependence theory, audit committees, and prior empirical research on timeliness of financial reporting. It describes how audit committee independence, expertise, size, and meetings are examined in relation to the timeliness of company financial reports. The results of the study are discussed in the document.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes adopting a system of Financial Statement Insurance (FSI) in Nigeria to help restore investor confidence in Nigerian banks. The paper argues that FSI could eliminate conflicts of interest between auditors and their bank clients by having independent insurance companies appoint and pay auditors. This would help ensure auditors provide accurate financial statements. The paper reviews issues like past bank failures in Nigeria due to problems like loans given without proper risk assessments. It argues FSI could improve financial statement quality and transparency, thus restoring trust in Nigerian banks among investors and the public.
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The document discusses corporate governance and working capital challenges in Nigeria after privatization. It examines the impact of corporate governance proxies like ownership structure, board characteristics, and privatization on the liquidity ratio of Ashaka Cement Company. Trend analysis found the liquidity ratio was generally higher before privatization but declined significantly at times due to economic issues. Regression analysis suggests some corporate governance factors like minority ownership and privatization had a positive impact on liquidity ratio, while others like non-executive directors and market value had a negative impact. The study concludes corporate governance significantly impacts liquidity ratio but macroeconomic environment also influences company efficiency.
Contribution of Current Assets Management to the Financial Performance of Lis...ijtsrd
The study examined the effect of current asset management on the financial performance of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study specifically determined the extent to which debtor turnover ratio, cash ratio and inventory turnover ratio affect the Earnings Per Share of listed consumer goods firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group, using causal comparative research design. Purposive sampling technique was deployed to determine the twelve 12 consumer goods firms that made up the sample participants of the study, out of a population of twenty one. Secondary data were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the selected companies over a period of ten years which spanned from 2011 to 2020. The hypotheses formulated were tested using Ordinary Least Square technique at 5 level of significance. The findings revealed that while debtor turnover ratio and inventory turnover ratio have a positive effect on earnings per share, cash ratio negatively affects the Earnings Per Share of listed consumer goods firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group. However, the effects were not significant at 5 level. It was recommended that managers of consumer goods firms should reduce to minimal level the time it will take between sales of goods and services and the collection of cash since the performance of firms can be increased through an increment in frequency of debt collection. Gilbert Ogechukwu Nworie | Vitalis O. Moedu | Onyali, Chidiebele Innocent "Contribution of Current Assets Management to the Financial Performance of Listed Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52600.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/52600/contribution-of-current-assets-management-to-the-financial-performance-of-listed-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/gilbert-ogechukwu-nworie
Corporate Governance on Earnings Management in Listed Deposit Money Bank in N...ijtsrd
The increase in the manipulation of accounting records and collapse of some Nigerian Deposit Money Banks have left question in the mind of researchers on the role of corporate governance. This paper was carried out to examine the impact of corporate governance attributes on earnings management of listed Deposit Money Banks from 2009 to 2017. The study used a sample size of thirteen 13 banks. The dependent variable was measured using Discretionary Loan Loss Provision Model by Chang, Shen and Fang 2008 . Correlational design was employed the secondary data was obtained from the annual reports of the firms and Nigerian Stock Exchange website. The results from the multiple regression analysis proved that board size has positive and significant impact on earnings management board independence has negative and significant impact on earnings management while board of directors' ownership has insignificant impact on earnings management. The study concludes that effective monitoring role of independence directors will constrain the opportunistic behavior by managers. The paper therefore recommends among others that banks should increase the numbers of independent directors on the board to improve their monitoring effectiveness. Olaleye John Olatunde | Amafa Etupu Oluwafunmilayo "Corporate Governance on Earnings Management in Listed Deposit Money Bank in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29515.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/29515/corporate-governance-on-earnings-management-in-listed-deposit-money-bank-in-nigeria/olaleye-john-olatunde
Need for Harmonization of International Accounting Standardsijtsrd
International harmonization of accounting standards is not a new initiative. The concept of convergence first arose in the late 1950s in response to post World War II economic integration and related increases in cross border capital flows. Initial efforts focused on harmonization reducing differences among the accounting principles used around the world by developing a single set of high quality, international accounting standards that would be used around the world, to give it a professional shape and essence. Accountants all over the world feel the need to shorten the gap among different streams of accounting practices through harmonization. However, we have observed a couple of accounting diversity owing to information asymmetry and lack of uniformity, for example, the US GAAP. This diversity posed as threats towards harmonization of accounting practices. The profession however has also witnessed a greater achievement in recent years in the process of international harmonization of accounting standards. The IASC and its successor and the IFAC have played a significant role in this regard. In know distant time, we will observe that accounting world is controlled and guided by a single set of standards giving it a status of legal discipline in true sense. The study specific objective focuses on the international harmonization of accounting standards. In carrying out the study, a qualitative research method was adopted as the methodology. Hence, no data was collected and analyzed with statistical tools. The study concluded that harmonization of accounting standards all over the world is very vital and necessary as it helps to reduce or eliminate the differences in financial reporting. We recommended that the IFRS, IAS and other regulatory bodies should be more proactive in the discharge of their duties, as this will check negative manipulation of financial information by preparers for selfish gains. Agbo Innocent Sunny | Emovon Felix Osayabor "Need for Harmonization of International Accounting Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57566.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/57566/need-for-harmonization-of-international-accounting-standards/agbo-innocent-sunny
Creative Accounting Dynamics and Financial Reporting Quality in Public Corpor...YogeshIJTSRD
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the influence of creative accounting practices on the quality of financial reporting in public corporations in Nigeria. The study uses data from annual reports of 10 public corporations from 2014-2016, which used old accounting standards, and 2017-2019, which used IPSAS standards.
The results show that under the old standards, indicators of revenue/cost disclosure, auditor opinions, notes/schedules, and compliance to standards had moderate or low influence on financial reporting quality. But under IPSAS, all indicators had higher average scores and were found to have high or moderate influence on quality. Specifically, revenue/cost disclosure and auditor opinions saw increases of 1.5 and 1.49 respectively in their influence under
The document discusses a plan to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of implementing a new computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system at a healthcare facility before deployment. The goals are to appraise the usability of the CPOE system and provide administrators with data on successful implementation. The evaluation plan will use a survey to assess clinician workflow and satisfaction before and after deployment. Literature on CPOE systems suggests user interface design, training, and support are key to acceptance and performance. The findings will help optimize the CPOE system and its impact on clinical workflow.
Similar to Related Party Transaction and Performance of Quoted Banks in Nigeria (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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revenues is higher when a company's profitability and
turnover have both decreased. Furthermore, the
absence of related party transactions between related
parties does not imply that linked parties have no
impact on a business.
Over the years, the Nigerian banking industry has
seen incidents of business failure that have resulted in
bank closures or mergers. Skye bank was recently
shut down despite the fiscal and monetary regulations
in place to govern and avoid corporate failures in
Nigerian institutions. Related party transactions have
resulted in incidents of business scandals, according
to Gordon and Palia (2004) and Renna and Yanuar
(2015) research. As a result, the need for this study,
which aims to see if there is a link between related
party transactions revenue and group profitability of
Nigerian banks, in order to prevent future corporate
failures in Nigerian banks caused by a situation where
commercial banks show a healthy group profit
position in their financial statements while the
majority of the revenue is generated by small
companies known as subsidiaries.
Furthermore, the majority of empirical research on
related party transactions was conducted in other
countries, resulting in findings that do not completely
fit the Nigerian economy. This is in line with
Umobong (2017), who states, "Prior studies on the
effect of related party transactions on financial
reporting and performance that were recently
conducted were mostly conducted in European
countries, highlighting a major gap in the literature
taking account of the differences that exist in culture,
legal system efficiency, and economy between third
world and developed countries". As a result, there is a
need for research into related party transactions in the
Nigerian economy. As a result, the study looked into
the impact of related party transactions on the return
on equity of Nigeria's publicly traded commercial
banks.
Review of Related Literature
Related Party Transaction
According to Corlaciu and Tudor (2011),
International Accounting Standard 24 establishes the
general reporting framework for related party
transactions (IAS 24). Transactions between related
parties might take many different forms. Many of
them include transactions that occur in the ordinary
course of business, such as purchases or sales of
goods at market prices. Others, on the other hand, can
include large one-time transactions that may be at a
fair value on an arm's length basis, or at book value or
another sum that differs from market values.
"However, the existence of provisions in the standard
affords authorities to both workers participating in the
preparation of the financial statements, as well as
auditors, to reject any suppression of disclosure,"
according to IAS 24's stated goal. Regulators and
other authorities can also use the standard's
requirements to investigate and punish any discovered
illegality. The International Accounting Standard
(IAS) 24 is a disclosure standard. It specifies how
related party connections, transactions, and balances
should be identified, as well as when and how
disclosures should be made. (paragraph 2 of IAS 24).
Related party transactions and balances must be
disclosed in the individual financial statements of
parent firms and subsidiaries, according to the
standard.
Subsidiaries and parent firms that submit consolidated
financial statements with their individual financial
statements are not exempt from disclosing intra-group
transactions. There is also no "confidentiality"
exception, even if a legal duty of confidentiality is
imposed on a corporation. The IASB has indicated
that disclosure of related party transactions and
balances is critical information for external parties
who need to know the extent of support offered by
related parties when it comes to intra-group
transactions between parents and subsidiaries (IAS
24). Many subsidiaries, for example, rely on their
parents for financial support, and those who extend
credit to such subsidiaries should be aware of the
level of support provided by the parent, or the
absence thereof.
The first benefit of related-party transactions,
according to the Asia-Pacific Office of the CFA
Institute Centre for Financial Market Integrity (2009),
is contracting efficiency. Related parties can avoid the
stumbling blocks and delays that often accompany
contract negotiations with third parties. Related
parties may theoretically be able to draft contracts
with each other more swiftly than they can with non-
related businesses. Dealing with related businesses
can help them avoid the delays sometimes faced with
third-party suppliers, which is especially beneficial
for those in the industry of delivering a variety of
services.
Connected transactions, for example, might be a
critical component in the development of a vertically
integrated business model for a contract
manufacturer. These organizations, as well as their
clients, see the ability to control inventory and
operations without the danger of surprises from
unreliable suppliers as a strategic and cost advantage.
Strategic feedback is a second potential benefit of
related-party transactions. If they represent particular
organizations with whom the companydoes business,
people associated with the company may be able to
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share important knowledge. A firm with a wide
number of suppliers, customers, and advisers may
need to appoint people to the board of directors who
are aligned with these groups in order to guarantee
that the company has the experience it needs to make
sound decisions. The convenience of investment is a
third benefit of related party transactions. For
example, a stock market-listed distressed medium-
sized company could be in trouble.
Related Party Revenue and Its Measure
Revenue is the gross inflow of economic advantages
during a period originating in the usual course of an
entity's business when those inflows result in
increases in equity, excluding increases due to
contributions from equity participants (IAS 18).
Related party revenue is revenue that accrues to an
entity as a result of related party transactions.
The intensity of related party revenue will be
quantified using the intensity of related party revenue
ratio cited in Fabrizio and Melchiorre's (2015)
research, which looked at the intensity of related
party revenue in relation to profitability and turnover.
This is how the ratio is expressed:
Related party revenue intensity =
Related party revenue x 100
Operating revenue 1
Return on Equity
Ordinary shareholders who own a business face all
risks, participate in management, and are entitled to
all earnings left after outside creditors' claims on the
business have been paid. As a result, a company's
profitability should be measured in terms of the return
to regular shareholders from the perspective of the
owner. Return on investment (ROI) A ratio is a
measurement of an organization's profitability in
terms of return to its owners. This figure shows how
much the company has profited from the money
invested by its shareholders (either directly or through
retained earnings). This ratio is calculated as a
percentage of net profit made divided by the owner's
equity.
Return on Equity =
Net profit X 100
Equity (shareholder’s fund) 1
Empirical Review
The need to gain a better understanding of the
relationship between related partytransaction revenue
and group profitability has resulted in an empirical
analysis of literature by a number of scholars who
looked at related party transactions from various
angles. Fabrizio (2015) looked at linked party revenue
as a risk factor for profitability in Italian enterprises.
The study's findings reveal that as a company loses
profitability and turnover, the intensityof linked party
revenues increases. The two variables have a negative
correlation, which means they are unrelated. Godsday
and Edirin (2016) focused on publicly traded
companies in Nigeria, and their research on RPT and
financial performance revealed that there is no
substantial effect of RPT on financial performance,
implying that the two variables are unrelated. Gordon
et al (2013) discovered that RPTs are negatively
linked with industry-adjusted returns and that worse
corporate governance measures are associated with
more RPTs. A negative link occurs between industry-
adjusted returns and loans to executives and
nonexecutive directors, as well as a similar
relationship for other types of RPTs with
nonexecutive directors. Hu, Shen, and Qiang (2015)
conducted an empirical study in Dubai on related
party transactions and audit fees for listed businesses.
The findings revealed that there is no correlation
between RPT and audit fees. Linvani et al. (2010)
used a sample of 50 Indonesian publicly traded
businesses for the years ending in 2004 and 2005 to
investigate the relationship between related party
transactions and earnings management. According to
the findings, the simple presence of related party
transactions in Indonesian companies does not
necessarily imply that management is more concerned
with earnings management. According to Moataz
(2014), earnings management and RPTs have a
negative and significant association. This outcome
refutes the notion that RPTs are undertaken solely to
conceal fraud or the extraction of business assets. The
findings also revealed that companies audited by one
of the Big 4 audit firms have poorer earnings
management. The study also looked into the
relationship between RPTs and accounting quality,
and found that there is no substantial difference in
accounting quality between RPTs and non-RPTs
firms. Pozzoli and Venuti (2014) looked into the
relationship between RPTs and financial performance
of companies, to see if there is a link between these
types of transactions and earnings management in
Italy. According to the findings of the linked data
analysis, related party transactions and financial
performance results are unrelated, and there is no
indication of a cause-and-effect relationship. As a
result, related party transactions are common.
Muhrtala et al. (2015) focused their study on the
influence of a large number of directors, both
executive and non-executive, on RPT. Nonetheless,
the presence of many directorships on boards failed to
evolve as predictors for related parties' transactions,
demonstrating that the number of directors on boards
had no meaningful impact on a firm's related parties'
transactions. Ezejiofor (2018) assessed how much the
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value relevance of financial information has improved
in Nigerian manufacturing enterprises since the
implementation of International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS). For the study, an ex-post facto
research design was used from 2008 to 2015. With
the help of SPSS version 20.0, the data was analyzed
and validated using regression analysis and the Chow
test statistical methods. The adoption of IFRS has
boosted the book value per share, market share price,
earnings per share, and cash flow of companies,
according to the study. While ownership structure
failed to explain the amount of RPTs, Padmini (2013)
found that companies with high RPTs related to sales
and income reported inferior performance than
companies with low RPTs. RPTs were also found to
be lower in companies where significant audit firms
were statutory auditors. Nestor and Ezechukwu
(2017) investigated the impact of cash holding on the
financial performance of Nigerian listed insurance
firms. The data for the study was acquired from fact
books, annual reports, and the accounts of the
mentioned insurance companies under review, using
an ex-post facto research design using time-series
data. With the help of STATA 13 statistical software,
the three hypotheses were tested using Pearson
coefficient of correlation and multiple regression.
Cash holding has a favorable and statistically
significant effect on financial performance, according
to the findings. According to Ryngaert and Thomas
(2012), some related party transactions are harmless
and do not indicate opportunistic behavior. These
findings imply that the presumption that related party
transactions represent a kind of conflict of interest
should not be taken for granted, and that
generalizations should be made with caution. From
2010 to 2019, Amahalu and Obi (2020) investigated
the impact of financial statement quality on
investment decisions of listed Deposit Money Banks
(DMBs) in Nigeria. Secondary data was acquired
from a sample of seven (7) DMBs using an ex-post
facto study design. In order to meet the study's aims,
inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and
Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis
were used. At a 5% level of return on equity, financial
statement verifiability, financial statement timeliness,
and financial statement understandability have a
considerable favorable effect on listed Deposit Money
Banks in Nigeria, according to the findings of this
study. In Indonesia, Utama et al (2010) looked at
stock market reactions to firms' related party
transactions (RPT) announcements. There is no
discernible difference in market reaction between
RPT and non-RPT releases, according to the research.
Furthermore, the study reveals that RPT are more
efficient with better transaction disclosure and are
regarded as a form of expropriation with higher board
share ownership and foreign shareholders as the
majority shareholder. Ezejiofor, Nwakoby, and
Okoye (2016) examined manufacturing firms'
investment decisions to see if they are comparable to
commercial banks in Nigeria. The use of an ex-post
facto research design was chosen. Financial ratios
were utilized to examine the data, and the t-test
statistic was performed with the help of SPSS version
20.0. The findings show that there is a significant
difference in profitability between manufacturing
firms and commercial banks in Nigeria; that there is a
significant difference between manufacturing firms
and commercial banks in Nigeria; and that there is a
significant difference between manufacturing
Umobong (2017) investigated related party
transactions and business performance for 35% of the
population of manufacturing firms listed in the
Nigerian economy's food, beverage, and
pharmaceutical subsectors. The study found a positive
link between RPT and ROA, ROE, and EPS, meaning
that higher RPT results in better performance and
lower RPT results in worse performance. According
to the data, companies are not currently employing
RPT to bloat earnings, but rather to improve its
performance in conjunction with the efficient
transaction theory. Ezejiofor, Nwakoby, and Okoye
(2015) investigated the impact of Human Resource
Management on the performance of businesses. The
data was examined using a five-point Liker's scale in
this study, which used a survey research approach.
Simple regression analysis was used to examine the
hypotheses. Human Resource Management has an
impact on the performance of a corporate
organization, according to the findings of this study.
The thesis of Zuni (2013) made a significant
contribution to the literature. It was one of the first
studies to look into the nature and scope of related
party transactions across six countries in the Asia-
Pacific region (Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the
Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand), and it provided
empirical evidence of a link between financial
reporting and corruption in a cross-country setting.
From 2008 to 2019, Nzekwe, Okoye, and Amahalu
(2021) investigated the impact of sustainability
reporting on the financial performance of Nigerian
quoted industrial goods businesses. This study relied
on panel data derived from annual reports and
accounts of sample firms for the years 2008 to 2019.
The study used an ex-post facto research design. The
study's hypotheses were tested using Pearson
correlation coefficient, Panel least square regression
analysis, Granger causality test, and Hausman test.
The findings revealed that environmental, social, and
economic reporting are all important.
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The majority of empirical research on related party
transactions was conducted in other countries,
resulting in findings that do not precisely fit the
Nigerian economy. This is in line with Umobong
(2017), who states, "Prior studies on the effect of
related party transactions on financial reporting and
performance that were recently conducted were
mostly conducted in European countries, highlighting
a major gap in the literature taking account of the
differences that exist in culture, legal system
efficiency, and economy between third world and
developed countries". As a result, there is a need for
research into related party transactions in the Nigerian
economy.
Methodology
The research design used in this study was ex-post
facto. Because it is used to analyze historical data and
analyzes the effect of one variable on another, the ex-
post facto technique was deemed appropriate
(dependent and independent variables).
The aggregate listed commercial banks in Nigeria,
which comprised the study population, were the focus
of this study. The study randomly selected eight (8)
banks for this study, and yearly reports from these
banks were examined for a period of twelve years
(2008-2020).
Data Collection
The primary data collection approach used in this
study was secondary data collection. The majority of
secondary data was taken from the commercial banks
under investigation's annual financial reports.
This method elucidates the link between related party
transactions and the profitability of a commercial
bank. This was accomplished by utilizing the data
that was available.
Method of Data Analysis
Data collected were quantitative in nature and were
analyzed with descriptive and the ordinary last
squares (OLS) method were used for econometric
analysis in the study with aid of Statistical Package
for Social Sciences (SPSS).
Model Specification
The functional correlation between the dependent and
the independent variables in this study is as follows;
RPTRit = β₀ + β₁ROEit + еit
Where
RPT = Related party transaction revenue is the
independent variable.
ROE = Return on equity as the dependent
/explanatory variable
ε is stochastic or error term
₁ is the 1th
observation
β0= constant
Return on Equity [ROE] =
Net profit × 100
Equity 1
Independent variable
RPTR = Related Party Transaction Revenue [proxied
by RPTR]
Related Party Transaction Revenue ratio=
Related party revenue × 100
Operating revenue 1
Decision Rule
If the p-value is less than or equal to 0.05 [5%], we
reject the null and accept the alternative hypothesis at
5% level of significance.
Data Analysis
The hypotheses were examined using regression
analysis and the Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) to test the relationship between the
dependent and independent variables. Regression
analysis with a 95 percent confidence interval was
performed to test the hypotheses; the level of
significance (a-value) was set at 0.05. (5 percent ). If
the p-value (calculated r) is smaller than the a-value,
reject H0 (Level of significance).
Table 1: Descriptive Statistics
N MinimumMaximum Mean
Std.
Deviation
Skewness Kurtosis
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic
Std.
Error
Statistic
Std.
Error
RPTR 90 -.1716 1.0000 .257658 .3240152 1.558 .254 .791 .503
ROTE 90 -.9309 1.2280 .117734 .1920388 .129 .254 21.730 .503
Valid N
(listwise)
90
Source: SPSS 21 Output, 2021.
Table 1 evaluates the statistical properties of the variables of this studybased on the quoted commercial banks in
Nigeria; the descriptive analysis of the data collected as shown in table 1 indicates that the average value of the
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related party transaction (RPT) sample quoted commercial banks in Nigeria is 25.77 percent (0.257658),
implying that the sampled quoted banks on average related party revenue is 25.77 percent with the maximum
and minimum v 0.3240152 is the standard deviation.
Finally, the average profitability of the sampled Nigerian banks is 11.77 percent (mean=0.117734), as evaluated
by Returns on total equity (ROTE). This indicates that these banks have a Return on Total Equity of 11.77
percent, with a maximum of 1.2280 and a minimum of -.09309, respectively. It differs by 0.1920388 from the
sample's mean value of listed Nigerian food and beverage companies.
The Skewness coefficient of the variables ROTE and RPTR in this study was positive, indicating that the
distributions are positively skewed and moderately dispersed.
Test of Hypotheses
Ho: There is no significant relationship between related party transaction revenue and return on equity of listed
commercial banks in Nigeria.
HI: There is significant relationship between related party transaction revenue and return on equity of listed
commercial banks in Nigeria.
Table 1: Regression Analysis showing relationship between related party transaction revenue and return on
total equity of listed commercial banks in Nigeria
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) .112 .026 4.286 .000
RPTR .024 .063 .040 .375 .708
a. Dependent Variable: ROTE
Source: SPSS 21 Output, 2021.
Table 2: Model summary of the related party transaction revenue (RPTR) on return on total equity (ROTE).
Model R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
Change Statistics
Durbin-
Watson
R Square
Change
F
Change
df1 df2
Sig. F
Change
1 .040a
.002 -.010 .1929724 .002 .141 1 88 .708 2.086
a. Predictors: (Constant), RPRR
b. Dependent Variable: ROTER
Source: SPSS 21 Output, 2021.
Table 1, shows that there is a positive (t-statistics,
0.375) but negligible (p-value 0.708) relationship
between related party transaction (RPT) and return on
total equity (ROTE) of quoted Nigerian commercial
banks based on regression analysis. This means that a
0.040 rise in related party transactions (RPT) will
tend to improve the level of return on total equity
(ROTE). According to this test, the related party
transaction (RPT) has a negligible positive effect on
the listed commercial banks' return on total equity
(ROTE), hence the null hypothesis (H0) is accepted
because the p-value (0.708) is greater than the a-value
(0.05).
R2 is the percentage of return on total equity (ROTE)
that can be explained by changes in the independent
variable, related party transaction, as shown in table
2. (RPT). Adjusted R2 is -.009 in this situation (-0.1
percent). This means that the effect of the
independent variable, related party transaction (RPT),
could account for about -0.1% of variation in return
on total equity (ROTE), while other factors capable of
affecting changes in return on total equity (ROTE) of
total Nigerian banks could account for the remaining
100%. The Durbin-Watson statistic is also 1.602 in
this example. This means that the data series has no
autocorrelation.
Conclusion and Recommendations
The primary goal of this research is to determine the
impact of related party 3transaction revenue on the
group profitability of Nigeria's publicly traded
commercial banks.
Using the variables return on total asset, return on
capital employed, and return on total equity, the study
looked to see if related party transaction revenue has
a substantial impact on commercial bank profitability.
This was done to see if commercial banks
manipulated profits by using related party transaction
revenue. Using return on total asset, return on capital
employed, and return on total equity, the study found
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a favorable association between related party revenue
and profitability. The results of the variable return on
total asset study were similar to those of Umobong's
prior research (2017).
The hypothesis regression analysis result showed a
positive but insignificant association between
transaction (RPT) and Return on Total Equity
(ROTE) of quoted Nigerian commercial banks. This
positive effect means that as the number of related
party transactions (RPT) rises, so does the amount of
Return on Total Equity. This result is in line with
Umobong (2017), who discovered a positive but
negligible association between RPT and ROTE.
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher
recommends that equity owners should guarantee that
dividends issued are not based on fictitious profit,
particularly when related party transactions are
involved, which carries a high risk of company
failure.
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