This study examined the effect determinants of client characteristics on financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Client fee and client size proxies for client characteristic and return on assets for measure of financial performance. The ex post facto research design was adopted for this study. Data were drawn from the annual report and accounts of fifteen 15 deposit money banks in Nigerian covering a period of ten 10 years from 2011 to 2020. Data extracted were analysis and tested with multiple regression analysis. The results show that client fee and client size has a negative effect on return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria, and these effects were not statistically significant at 5 level of significance. Based on the findings of this study, it recommended amount others that the shareholders should consider the complexity of clients’ businesses especially oil and gas businesses when fixing the audit fees for the fact that those complex businesses are more difficult to audit. Okerekeoti, Chinedu U. "Determinants of Client Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49819.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49819/determinants-of-client-characteristics-and-financial-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/okerekeoti-chinedu-u
Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance Evidence from ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study determined the relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals, on return on investment. Data for this study were obtained from secondary sources only. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The secondary data were obtained from annual reports of 22 listed banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample banks were obtained using the stratified sampling technique while the sample size was obtained using the random sampling technique. The variables that were considered in this study are financial reporting quality and corporate performance, which were represented by the effect of discretionary accruals, and non discretionary accruals on return on investment. Data analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square statistical tools with aid of E view 9 and the level of significance used to test the hypothesis was 5 . The findings show that there is negative but significant relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals and return on investment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of listed banks should ensure that they adopt best practices in financial reporting like Automated financial reporting solutions because there is direct relationship between abnormal accruals and return on investment. Anichukwu, Salome A | Ekwueme, Chizoba M "Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/39835/effect-of-financial-reporting-quality-on-corporate-performance-evidence-from-listed-banks-in-nigeria/anichukwu-salome-a
Effect of Audit Quality on the Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks i...ijtsrd
This study investigated the effect of audit quality on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The Ex-post Facto research design was adopted. The Judgmental sampling was adopted to selected 14 from the 22 listed Deposit Money Banks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data collected from annual reports and accounts of deposit money banks were analyzed using the simple regression and correlation analyses. Findings f revealed that Audit Committee Size ACSIZ has a positive but insignificant effect on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Audit Committee Independence ACIND and Audit Committee Meetings ACM both have a negative and insignificant effect on the financial performance of quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria while Auditors Size BIG4A has a positive and statistically significant effect on the financial performance of quoted banks in Nigeria. Based on this, the study recommended among others that the management of the deposit money banks in Nigeria should employ the services of one of the big audit firms and where this is not possible, go for an audit firm whose character and integrity is beyond question. Muotolu, Peace Chikwemma | E. O. Nwadialor "Effect of Audit Quality on the Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21557.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21557/effect-of-audit-quality-on-the-financial-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/muotolu-peace-chikwemma
Audit Firm Rotation and Audit Report Lag in NigeriaIOSR Journals
Audit firm rotation and audit report lag has been a topical issue to regulators, investors, practitioners and the public at large. Hence, this study is designed to determine the relationship between audit firm rotation and audit report lag in Nigeria. Secondary data gathered from the 2011 annual reports of fifty (50) randomly selected companies, quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) were employed in the study. The Ordinary Least Square technique (OLS) was used in the analysis of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study reveals that audit fees, year–end and audit firm type all have positive relationship with audit report lag. The research also establishes that audit firm rotation and company size have a negative insignificant relationship with audit report lag.
Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industr...ijtsrd
The main objective of this study is to find out the factors that determine the audit fees in the listed pharmaceuticals and chemicals companies of Bangladesh. The study is conducted on 21 listed companies in the pharmaceuticals and chemicals industry during the period of 2015 to 2018. Client characteristics client size, leverage and return on assets , client's governance structure independent directors and audit committee and firm ranking are taken as the proxy variables of the determinants of audit fees. The study has found that client size, leverage and firm ranking have positive and significant impact on audit fees of the sample firm. On the other hand the proportion of independent directors in the board has a negative and significant impact on audit fees. However, the study did not find any significant association between audit fees and return on assets. It is suggested that policymakers should include more independent directors in the board for ensuring better governance to reduce the external audit fees. Besides, in case of maintaining obligatory audit committee, companies should consider the efficiency and effectiveness of the committee. Md. Noor Hossain | Raihan Sobhan "Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry of Bangladesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29656.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29656/determinants-of-audit-fees-evidence-from-pharmaceutical-and-chemical-industry-of-bangladesh/md-noor-hossain
AUDITOR’S FEES AND AUDIT QUALITY OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA.pdfOsarenrenAigienohuwa1
The research intensifies effort at determining whether auditor’s independence has any
impact on the audit quality of Nigerian deposit money banks. The study intends to
determine the effect of audit fees on the audit quality of Nigeria deposit money banks.
The study used Ex-Post Facto research design. A total of thirteen (13) deposit money
banks were sampled. Data were taken from the sampled banks' annual reports and
accounts for the years 2010 - 2021. With the help of SPSS version 20.0, simple
regression analysis was conducted to test the assumptions. According to the findings,
audit fees has a direct but insignificant effect on the audit quality of listed Nigerian
deposit money institutions. The researcher therefore recommends that the auditor
should be remunerated on the basis of work experience, qualification, duration of the
audit assignment, and background profile
Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Qu...ijtsrd
This research work focused on the relationship between Window Dressing accounting and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. Off statement of financial position financing, window dressing, are used as dimensions of window dressing accounting while relevance and faithful representation are used to measure quality of corporate reporting. The study applied ex post facto research design. Two research questions were raised for the study and two hypotheses were formulated. The statistical package for social science SPSS is used to test the hypotheses. The result showed that there is positive and correlative relationship between window dressing of accounts and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. The study therefore, among others, recommended that there should be one set of global financial reporting standard by all operators of financial statements which must be effectively monitored. More emphasis should be laid in the review of the standard. Odogu Laime Isaac | Okpobo Timinipre Joseph | Obalakumo Anderson Pereowei "Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54027.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54027/effect-of-window-dressing-accounting-and-quality-of-corporate-reporting-of-quoted-banks-in-nigeria/odogu-laime-isaac
Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance Evidence from ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study determined the relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals, on return on investment. Data for this study were obtained from secondary sources only. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The secondary data were obtained from annual reports of 22 listed banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample banks were obtained using the stratified sampling technique while the sample size was obtained using the random sampling technique. The variables that were considered in this study are financial reporting quality and corporate performance, which were represented by the effect of discretionary accruals, and non discretionary accruals on return on investment. Data analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square statistical tools with aid of E view 9 and the level of significance used to test the hypothesis was 5 . The findings show that there is negative but significant relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals and return on investment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of listed banks should ensure that they adopt best practices in financial reporting like Automated financial reporting solutions because there is direct relationship between abnormal accruals and return on investment. Anichukwu, Salome A | Ekwueme, Chizoba M "Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/39835/effect-of-financial-reporting-quality-on-corporate-performance-evidence-from-listed-banks-in-nigeria/anichukwu-salome-a
Effect of Audit Quality on the Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks i...ijtsrd
This study investigated the effect of audit quality on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The Ex-post Facto research design was adopted. The Judgmental sampling was adopted to selected 14 from the 22 listed Deposit Money Banks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data collected from annual reports and accounts of deposit money banks were analyzed using the simple regression and correlation analyses. Findings f revealed that Audit Committee Size ACSIZ has a positive but insignificant effect on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Audit Committee Independence ACIND and Audit Committee Meetings ACM both have a negative and insignificant effect on the financial performance of quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria while Auditors Size BIG4A has a positive and statistically significant effect on the financial performance of quoted banks in Nigeria. Based on this, the study recommended among others that the management of the deposit money banks in Nigeria should employ the services of one of the big audit firms and where this is not possible, go for an audit firm whose character and integrity is beyond question. Muotolu, Peace Chikwemma | E. O. Nwadialor "Effect of Audit Quality on the Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21557.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21557/effect-of-audit-quality-on-the-financial-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/muotolu-peace-chikwemma
Audit Firm Rotation and Audit Report Lag in NigeriaIOSR Journals
Audit firm rotation and audit report lag has been a topical issue to regulators, investors, practitioners and the public at large. Hence, this study is designed to determine the relationship between audit firm rotation and audit report lag in Nigeria. Secondary data gathered from the 2011 annual reports of fifty (50) randomly selected companies, quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) were employed in the study. The Ordinary Least Square technique (OLS) was used in the analysis of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study reveals that audit fees, year–end and audit firm type all have positive relationship with audit report lag. The research also establishes that audit firm rotation and company size have a negative insignificant relationship with audit report lag.
Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industr...ijtsrd
The main objective of this study is to find out the factors that determine the audit fees in the listed pharmaceuticals and chemicals companies of Bangladesh. The study is conducted on 21 listed companies in the pharmaceuticals and chemicals industry during the period of 2015 to 2018. Client characteristics client size, leverage and return on assets , client's governance structure independent directors and audit committee and firm ranking are taken as the proxy variables of the determinants of audit fees. The study has found that client size, leverage and firm ranking have positive and significant impact on audit fees of the sample firm. On the other hand the proportion of independent directors in the board has a negative and significant impact on audit fees. However, the study did not find any significant association between audit fees and return on assets. It is suggested that policymakers should include more independent directors in the board for ensuring better governance to reduce the external audit fees. Besides, in case of maintaining obligatory audit committee, companies should consider the efficiency and effectiveness of the committee. Md. Noor Hossain | Raihan Sobhan "Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry of Bangladesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29656.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29656/determinants-of-audit-fees-evidence-from-pharmaceutical-and-chemical-industry-of-bangladesh/md-noor-hossain
AUDITOR’S FEES AND AUDIT QUALITY OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA.pdfOsarenrenAigienohuwa1
The research intensifies effort at determining whether auditor’s independence has any
impact on the audit quality of Nigerian deposit money banks. The study intends to
determine the effect of audit fees on the audit quality of Nigeria deposit money banks.
The study used Ex-Post Facto research design. A total of thirteen (13) deposit money
banks were sampled. Data were taken from the sampled banks' annual reports and
accounts for the years 2010 - 2021. With the help of SPSS version 20.0, simple
regression analysis was conducted to test the assumptions. According to the findings,
audit fees has a direct but insignificant effect on the audit quality of listed Nigerian
deposit money institutions. The researcher therefore recommends that the auditor
should be remunerated on the basis of work experience, qualification, duration of the
audit assignment, and background profile
Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Qu...ijtsrd
This research work focused on the relationship between Window Dressing accounting and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. Off statement of financial position financing, window dressing, are used as dimensions of window dressing accounting while relevance and faithful representation are used to measure quality of corporate reporting. The study applied ex post facto research design. Two research questions were raised for the study and two hypotheses were formulated. The statistical package for social science SPSS is used to test the hypotheses. The result showed that there is positive and correlative relationship between window dressing of accounts and quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria. The study therefore, among others, recommended that there should be one set of global financial reporting standard by all operators of financial statements which must be effectively monitored. More emphasis should be laid in the review of the standard. Odogu Laime Isaac | Okpobo Timinipre Joseph | Obalakumo Anderson Pereowei "Effect of Window Dressing Accounting and Quality of Corporate Reporting of Quoted Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54027.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54027/effect-of-window-dressing-accounting-and-quality-of-corporate-reporting-of-quoted-banks-in-nigeria/odogu-laime-isaac
Financial reporting quality has been said to play an important role in reducing information asymmetry. Thus, firms with high financial reporting quality may enhance more investors’ decision. Hence, the basic objective of this study is to determine whether earnings quality influence investors’ decision. The sample consisted of 10 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market. The study period is 5 years (2010-2014). Data on accrual quality, volume of investment, Size, age and growth rate and earnings per share were drawn from the published annual report and accounts of the sampled companies. Correlation matrix, Vector auto regressive estimation and Pooled OLS model were employed for the analysis. Diagnostic tests for post estimation were also performed on the model. The result of the Ramsey Reset test shows a p-value of 0.2105, implying that model has no omitted variables. Also, Wooldridge test for autocorrelation in panel data indicates no first-order autocorrelation, showing a p-value of 0.3642. We calculated accruals quality based on the modified accrual model proposed by Mac Nichols in 2002. In this paper, the absolute value of residual error represents the financial reporting quality. This threshold is based on the idea that accruals reduce the smoothing initiated by the change in the cash flow and thus increase the earnings awareness. The study finds evidence of a positive association between investors’ decision and financial reporting quality.
External Auditors Independence on Accounting Quality of Nigerian Manufacturin...ijtsrd
This study examines the effect of external auditor’s independence on accounting quality of Nigerian manufacturing companies. Specifically, the study ascertain the effect of audit fees on discretionary accruals of manufacturing companies and determine the effect of audit firm tenure on discretionary accruals of manufacturing companies. Ex post facto research design was adopted. The population of the study comprise of Consumer Goods manufacturing companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE . Ordinary Least Square was used to test the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The empirical results revealed that the study determined the effect of external auditor’s independence on accounting quality of Nigerian manufacturing companies that there is a significant positive effect of audit firm tenure on discretionary accruals of Nigerian manufacturing companies. Also that audit fees has a non significant positive effect on discretionary accruals of Nigerian manufacturing companies. Auditors’ are responsible for certifying the true and fairness of financial statements. The present study investigates the effect of audit firm tenure, Audit fees, audit firm size, and degree of competition on the level of discretionary accruals as surrogate for accounting quality. The results showed mixed findings. Two proxies audit firm tenure and audit firm size showed a significant positive effect while, audit fees and degree of competition showed non significant positive effect. Based on the empirical results above, the study recommended that firms are advised to consider use of industry specialist auditors against the consideration of ‘name’ alone such like the use of Big 4. Ebubechukwu, Jacinta O | Ofurum, Darlington I "External Auditors Independence on Accounting Quality of Nigerian Manufacturing Companies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33021.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/33021/external-auditors-independence-on-accounting-quality-of-nigerian-manufacturing-companies/ebubechukwu-jacinta-o
The Growing Need of Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reportingijtsrd
This study examined the Growing Need of corporate attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting in Nigeria. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of quoted banks. Number of days was modelled as a function of total assets, influence of industry sector, size of audit firm, profitability and number of employees. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed effect model. The result found that profitability and influence of industry sector have positive relationship with timeliness of financial report of the selected bank. The panel unit root proved that the variables are stationary at first difference while the causality test found one unidirectional relationship with size of audit firm to timeliness of financial reporting. From the regression summary, the study concludes that corporate attributes have significant relationship with timeliness of financial reports. We recommend that corporate attributes that affect negative timeliness of financial reporting should be discouraged or properly managed and factors that enhance timeliness of financial reporting should be encouraged. Dr. Odogu Laime Isaac | Dr. Zebaghafa Sunday | Okpobo Timinipre Joseph "The Growing Need of Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54026.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54026/the-growing-need-of-corporate-attributes-and-timeliness-of-financial-reporting/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
VALUE RELEVANCE OF PREPAYMENT AUDIT CHARACTERISTICS AND THE IMPACT ON ENHANCI...IAEME Publication
The present study aims at investigating the value relevance of prepayment audit
characteristics and the impact on enhancing the effective implementation of World Bank
funded project in Nigeria. These characteristics include independence, Size, Expertise
and Meetings frequency of audit project financial management team.The study seeks to
analyse how auditors’ qualities aid in prepayment audit and the resultant effect of the
synergy on performance of public sector funded projects in Nigeria. This study adopted
both an explanatory research design. The source of data was purely from secondary
which used all the twenty-nine (29) ministries between 2000-2016.The statistical tools
adopted parametric and non-parametric techniques of data analysis. In testing the
hypotheses, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), multiple regression technique of analysis
was employed, at 5% level of significance (p<0.05). There was positive and significant
relationship between Audit project financial management unit Independence and ratio
of completed project. There was positive and significant relationship between Audit
Financial Expertise of project financial Management unit and ratio of completed
project. There was positive and significant relationship between Meetings frequency of
audit project financial Management unit and ratio of completed project. The paper
concludes that auditors’ qualities affect positively prepayment audit and this in turn
affect performance of public sector funded projects in Nigeria.
Cash Flow Activities and Stock Returns Evidence from Nigerian Consumer Goods ...ijtsrd
Proponents believe that increase in cash flows could potentially increase the stock returns of consumer goods firms quoted in Nigeria Stock Exchange while opponents argue and equally criticize that fact. Hence, this study examined the effects of cash flow on stock returns of consumer goods firms for a period of 2010 2019. The study was anchored on agency theory. Panel data were gotten from the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE and the data collected were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed Cash flows from operating activities has no significant effect on stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria, cash flow from investing activities does not have significant effect on the stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria, Cash flows from financing activities has no significant effect on stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria, Free cash flow has positive and significant effect on stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. On the basis of the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that there is need for consumer goods industry to improve on their operating cash flow by making money available for this purpose for the general benefit of the economy. The management should embark on effective intermediation drive which will provide deep source of fund for this industry. Government should adopt a viable policy that will enable this industry to expand their scope of business and firm size of this industry should be improved. The study also revealed that if free cash flow will be well managed, it will affect the stock returns policy of a firm positively. Ojimba, Francisca | Okegbe, T. O. | Ifurueze, M. S. "Cash Flow Activities and Stock Returns: Evidence from Nigerian Consumer Goods Firms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47626.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47626/cash-flow-activities-and-stock-returns-evidence-from-nigerian-consumer-goods-firms/ojimba-francisca
Effect of Determinants of Financial Reporting Timeliness on Reporting Timelin...YogeshIJTSRD
This study assesses the relationship between the determinants of financial reporting timeliness of Nigerian banking industry. Specifically, Ogbodo, Cy Okenwa | Jiagbogu, Nwadiogo K "Effect of Determinants of Financial Reporting Timeliness on Reporting Timeliness: An Empirical Study of Nigerian Banks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38670.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38670/effect-of-determinants-of-financial-reporting-timeliness-on-reporting-timeliness-an-empirical-study-of-nigerian-banks/ogbodo-cy-okenwa
Effect of Financial Ratios on Firm Performance Study of Selected Brewery Firm...ijtsrd
The study assessed the effect of financial ratios on performance of Quoted Breweries firms in Nigeria. It made use of ex post facto research design. Data were gotten from secondary sources obtained from NSE fact books and annual reports accounts of the selected Breweries Companies. The population of the study consisted of thirteen 13 quoted Breweries firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 31st December, 2018. Four 4 of the quoted Breweries firms are selected to form the sample of the study for the period of nine 9 years 2010 – 2018 . The relevant data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between current ratio and firm performance but negative effect. Debt equity ratio has a significant effect on return on asset of Nigerian Breweries. The result of the study concludes that Nigerian breweries companies are relatively using an optimal mix of debt to equity which is evident from the significant positive relationship of debt equity ratio with financial performance of the Nigerian Breweries. The researchers recommended that the management should employ all carefulness while financing with long term debt instruments endeavor to find out the best and optimal combination of long term debt and equity that will impact positively on the value of the firm. Agbata, Amaka Elizabeth | Osingor, Arinze Stanley | Ezeala, George "Effect of Financial Ratios on Firm Performance: Study of Selected Brewery Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45177.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/45177/effect-of-financial-ratios-on-firm-performance-study-of-selected-brewery-firms-in-nigeria/agbata-amaka-elizabeth
Corporate governance is of great importance for financial performance. Corporate governance issues have attracted public interest in the financial sector both locally and internationally after waves of corporate rip-offs and failures that almost led to loss of confidence in the finance sector. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of corporate governance on financial performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted a population of 65 active Savings and credit Co-operatives operating in Embu County. A sample size of 57 Savings and Credit Co-operatives was used in this study. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample. Primary data was collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires while secondary data was obtained from financial statements and periodicals using a record survey sheet. Pre-testing of research tool was conducted before the actual data collection was carried, to determine the reliability of the questionnaire by use of a Cronbach‘s alpha, statistical coefficient, while the validity was tested to ensure that the questions in the questionnaire provides adequate coverage to the investigative questions. Correlation and multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The study findings indicated that corporate governance positively affected the financial performance. In specific the board composition and corporate risk management for SACCOs had a positive effect on the financial performances of the SACCOs. The study is beneficial to SACCOs management in improving the performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives and enabling them to compete globally. The study recommends gender parity consideration and balanced mix of skilled board members during appointments of the board members. The recommendations are important to the government, especially the department of cooperatives in strengthening policies regarding cooperative societies.
Related Party Transaction and Performance of Quoted Banks in Nigeriaijtsrd
This study examined the effect of related party transactions on return on total equity of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria. Data for the study were analyzed with descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares OLS analysis was used to test the hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS . The findings show that related party transaction has statistical positive relationship on the return on equity of the quoted Nigerian commercial banks. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommends that equity shareholders must always ensure that dividend declared are not based on falsified profit especially when related party transactions which has inherent risk of corporate failure are involved. Okerekeoti, Chinedu U. "Related Party Transaction and Performance of Quoted Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47968.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47968/related-party-transaction-and-performance-of-quoted-banks-in-nigeria/okerekeoti-chinedu-u
Effect of Internal Control on the Financial Performance of a Rwanda Public Or...ijtsrd
The study was conducted to examine the internal control systems and financial performance of Rwanda Revenue Authority which has a total population of 90 employees in all departments at head quarter from which the sample size of 90 respondents were randomly selected by using universal sampling method. The study used both qualitative and quantitative since the major findings from the field was descriptively presented through the use of tables and graphs for easy understanding and interpretation. The study had three objectives which includes, to examine the effect of Control Environment on the financial performance of RRA Institution, to examine the role of control activities on the financial performance of RRA Institution, to examine the effect of internal audit on financial performance of RRA Institution. The study used both primary and secondary data in collecting data. The study used cross sectional survey design in which the survey questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The results showed that beta=0.652 with the p values of 0.00 and t value of 4.906 which is greater than 1.96. Since the p value is less than 0.05, the researcher confirmed the positive hypothesis and saying that Control Environment affect financial performance. On the other side, the results showed that beta=0.513 with the p values of 0.00 and t value of 4.699 greater than 1.96. Since the p value is less than 0.05, the researcher observed the positive hypothesis and conclude that Control Activities affect financial performance. Lastly, as per the table no.14, beta=0.852 with the p values of 0.001 and t value of 3.493 greater than 1.96. Since the p value is less than 0.05, the researcher observed the positive hypothesis and conclude that Internal Audit affect financial performance. The researcher recommends the following due to the results from respondents There is still a need in in preventing corruption existing in paying taxes whereas some businesses do not pay the exact amount of taxes they should pay due to corruption. Most of the times, these types of businesses can be classified into two categories. The first category includes business owners who do not expose all commercial activities they are running. There is a need in sensitizing Rwandans about the use of taxes. They are used for different purposes including building infrastructure, education, and healthcare, just to name a few. Lastly, the government of Rwanda should introduce a system that prevent people from tax evasion. One more highlight that I can give here is like how the introduction of speed governors limited the number of accidents. There is a need in introducing a new system that can bring changes and discourage tax evaders. Hakizimana Dieudonne | Keza Cynthia "Effect of Internal Control on the Financial Performance of a Rwanda Public Organization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL:
Corporate Governance Practices and Financial Statement Analysis in Rwanda A C...ijtsrd
The study used a correlation and case study designs in order to determine the relationship between financial statement analysis and corporate decision making. Data was collected from 66 randomly selected respondents who included bank management and staffs. The questionnaire used for data collection while validity was ensured by using subject matter experts to judge the content validity. Similarly, reliability ensured by pilot testing the questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics frequency and percentage distribution and inferential statistics multiple linear regression analysis . The researcher therefore accepts the first null hypothesis and rejects the second and third null hypotheses. It is hoped that the study will act as a guiding tool for BRD by highlighting the assessment of financial statement analysis and corporate decision making. This will encourage BRD to sustainably improve their financial statement analysis practices in order to improve corporate decision making. Furthermore, the researcher hopes that other academicians will find the findings of this study valuable in benchmarking their studies on the same subject. Dr. Pooja Nagpal | Dr. Yagnam Nagesh | Dr. Umamaheswari K "Corporate Governance Practices & Financial Statement Analysis in Rwanda - A Case Study of Bank of Rwanda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50401.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/50401/corporate-governance-practices-and-financial-statement-analysis-in-rwanda--a-case-study-of-bank-of-rwanda/dr-pooja-nagpal
Analysis Operational Cost Budget at PT. Mitra Maha Mandiriijtsrd
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the budget and realization of operational costs at PT. Mitra Maha Mandiri has been running effectively. The types of data used are quantitative and qualitative data. Data sources are primary and secondary data. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis method and analysis of variance. The results of this study indicate that the budget and realization of operational costs at PT. Mitra Maha Mandiri has been running effectively. Nur Fatwa Basar | Ardiansyah "Analysis Operational Cost Budget at PT. Mitra Maha Mandiri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50695.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/accounting/50695/analysis-operational-cost-budget-at-pt-mitra-maha-mandiri/nur-fatwa-basar
Contribution of Current Assets Management to the Financial Performance of Lis...ijtsrd
The study examined the effect of current asset management on the financial performance of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study specifically determined the extent to which debtor turnover ratio, cash ratio and inventory turnover ratio affect the Earnings Per Share of listed consumer goods firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group, using causal comparative research design. Purposive sampling technique was deployed to determine the twelve 12 consumer goods firms that made up the sample participants of the study, out of a population of twenty one. Secondary data were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the selected companies over a period of ten years which spanned from 2011 to 2020. The hypotheses formulated were tested using Ordinary Least Square technique at 5 level of significance. The findings revealed that while debtor turnover ratio and inventory turnover ratio have a positive effect on earnings per share, cash ratio negatively affects the Earnings Per Share of listed consumer goods firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group. However, the effects were not significant at 5 level. It was recommended that managers of consumer goods firms should reduce to minimal level the time it will take between sales of goods and services and the collection of cash since the performance of firms can be increased through an increment in frequency of debt collection. Gilbert Ogechukwu Nworie | Vitalis O. Moedu | Onyali, Chidiebele Innocent "Contribution of Current Assets Management to the Financial Performance of Listed Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52600.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/52600/contribution-of-current-assets-management-to-the-financial-performance-of-listed-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/gilbert-ogechukwu-nworie
The study examined the effect of fair value accounting on predictive power of earnings of listed Deposit Money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Fair value accounting has been a subject of serious concern in corporate finance and accounting literature following the adoption of International Financial Reporting standards. Data were collected from all the fifteen DMBs listed on the Nigerian stock exchange between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2015. In analyzing the collected data, the study adopted descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and a panel multiple regression analysis to identify the possible effects of fair value accounting on predictive power of earnings. The results revealed that fair value accounting significantly enhances earnings predictability. The results further established that where as fair value hierarchy level one does not significantly enhance earnings predictability of listed DMBs in Nigeria, level two and three was found to be negatively and significantly influencing earnings predictability. This implies that level two and three significantly reduces earnings predictability of listed DMBs in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria should develop valuation guidelines that must be followed enhance reliability of fair value measurement in Nigeria.
Risk management in banks is a crucial issue mainly in Islamic banks. This study seeks to examine the impact of the incomes of mudharaba and musharaka on the relationship between risk and performance, which is measured by ROAA. This study employs unbalanced panel data regression analysis of Ordinary Least Squares method, from 16 Islamic banks from different countries over the period 2012 to 2015, which was processed by the software stata13. The results show that the income of Sharing of Losses and Profits (PLS) products (mudharaba and musharaka) has a moderating effect particularly on the relationships between performance and liquidity risk, and operational risk. However, it has no moderating effect on the relationship between performance and market risk. This study helps to enrich the literature with new models that can help bankers and Islamic finance students to get ideas and make relevant decisions in terms of investment.
Critical Success Factors for Effective Internal Auditing: A Case of the Offic...FinancialMarketCorpo
The main aim of this study was to investigate on the critical success factors for effective internal auditing.
Internal auditing is the backbone of internal control in an organization. Although challenges exist on internal audit
in the public of sector, there are success factors for effective internal auditing. The investigation mainly focused on
the case at the Office Auditor General that audits all the public sector offices in Namibia.
The Management team and the internal auditors at the office were the source for the required data to the
researcher questionnaires through google form. The study used empirical literature to identify the critical success factors to effective internal auditing function at the Office of Auditor General. The factors were identified
and categorized into models that were developed from the study. The outcomes were presented in frequency
tables and charts obtained from the data analysis. The results of the study show that management support
and good management practice, adequate well-trained and competent internal audit staff, functional board of
directors, internal policies and control are the critical successful factors to effective internal auditing. However,
management support and good management practice play a vital role among the identified factors. The study
recommended that the Office of the Auditor General should support internal auditing roles by facilitating the internal auditing work and recruit more skilled and qualified internal auditors to increase the effectiveness of internal
auditing.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Financial reporting quality has been said to play an important role in reducing information asymmetry. Thus, firms with high financial reporting quality may enhance more investors’ decision. Hence, the basic objective of this study is to determine whether earnings quality influence investors’ decision. The sample consisted of 10 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market. The study period is 5 years (2010-2014). Data on accrual quality, volume of investment, Size, age and growth rate and earnings per share were drawn from the published annual report and accounts of the sampled companies. Correlation matrix, Vector auto regressive estimation and Pooled OLS model were employed for the analysis. Diagnostic tests for post estimation were also performed on the model. The result of the Ramsey Reset test shows a p-value of 0.2105, implying that model has no omitted variables. Also, Wooldridge test for autocorrelation in panel data indicates no first-order autocorrelation, showing a p-value of 0.3642. We calculated accruals quality based on the modified accrual model proposed by Mac Nichols in 2002. In this paper, the absolute value of residual error represents the financial reporting quality. This threshold is based on the idea that accruals reduce the smoothing initiated by the change in the cash flow and thus increase the earnings awareness. The study finds evidence of a positive association between investors’ decision and financial reporting quality.
External Auditors Independence on Accounting Quality of Nigerian Manufacturin...ijtsrd
This study examines the effect of external auditor’s independence on accounting quality of Nigerian manufacturing companies. Specifically, the study ascertain the effect of audit fees on discretionary accruals of manufacturing companies and determine the effect of audit firm tenure on discretionary accruals of manufacturing companies. Ex post facto research design was adopted. The population of the study comprise of Consumer Goods manufacturing companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE . Ordinary Least Square was used to test the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The empirical results revealed that the study determined the effect of external auditor’s independence on accounting quality of Nigerian manufacturing companies that there is a significant positive effect of audit firm tenure on discretionary accruals of Nigerian manufacturing companies. Also that audit fees has a non significant positive effect on discretionary accruals of Nigerian manufacturing companies. Auditors’ are responsible for certifying the true and fairness of financial statements. The present study investigates the effect of audit firm tenure, Audit fees, audit firm size, and degree of competition on the level of discretionary accruals as surrogate for accounting quality. The results showed mixed findings. Two proxies audit firm tenure and audit firm size showed a significant positive effect while, audit fees and degree of competition showed non significant positive effect. Based on the empirical results above, the study recommended that firms are advised to consider use of industry specialist auditors against the consideration of ‘name’ alone such like the use of Big 4. Ebubechukwu, Jacinta O | Ofurum, Darlington I "External Auditors Independence on Accounting Quality of Nigerian Manufacturing Companies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33021.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/33021/external-auditors-independence-on-accounting-quality-of-nigerian-manufacturing-companies/ebubechukwu-jacinta-o
The Growing Need of Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reportingijtsrd
This study examined the Growing Need of corporate attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting in Nigeria. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of quoted banks. Number of days was modelled as a function of total assets, influence of industry sector, size of audit firm, profitability and number of employees. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed effect model. The result found that profitability and influence of industry sector have positive relationship with timeliness of financial report of the selected bank. The panel unit root proved that the variables are stationary at first difference while the causality test found one unidirectional relationship with size of audit firm to timeliness of financial reporting. From the regression summary, the study concludes that corporate attributes have significant relationship with timeliness of financial reports. We recommend that corporate attributes that affect negative timeliness of financial reporting should be discouraged or properly managed and factors that enhance timeliness of financial reporting should be encouraged. Dr. Odogu Laime Isaac | Dr. Zebaghafa Sunday | Okpobo Timinipre Joseph "The Growing Need of Corporate Attributes and Timeliness of Financial Reporting" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54026.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54026/the-growing-need-of-corporate-attributes-and-timeliness-of-financial-reporting/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
VALUE RELEVANCE OF PREPAYMENT AUDIT CHARACTERISTICS AND THE IMPACT ON ENHANCI...IAEME Publication
The present study aims at investigating the value relevance of prepayment audit
characteristics and the impact on enhancing the effective implementation of World Bank
funded project in Nigeria. These characteristics include independence, Size, Expertise
and Meetings frequency of audit project financial management team.The study seeks to
analyse how auditors’ qualities aid in prepayment audit and the resultant effect of the
synergy on performance of public sector funded projects in Nigeria. This study adopted
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which used all the twenty-nine (29) ministries between 2000-2016.The statistical tools
adopted parametric and non-parametric techniques of data analysis. In testing the
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was employed, at 5% level of significance (p<0.05). There was positive and significant
relationship between Audit project financial management unit Independence and ratio
of completed project. There was positive and significant relationship between Audit
Financial Expertise of project financial Management unit and ratio of completed
project. There was positive and significant relationship between Meetings frequency of
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affect performance of public sector funded projects in Nigeria.
Cash Flow Activities and Stock Returns Evidence from Nigerian Consumer Goods ...ijtsrd
Proponents believe that increase in cash flows could potentially increase the stock returns of consumer goods firms quoted in Nigeria Stock Exchange while opponents argue and equally criticize that fact. Hence, this study examined the effects of cash flow on stock returns of consumer goods firms for a period of 2010 2019. The study was anchored on agency theory. Panel data were gotten from the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE and the data collected were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed Cash flows from operating activities has no significant effect on stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria, cash flow from investing activities does not have significant effect on the stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria, Cash flows from financing activities has no significant effect on stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria, Free cash flow has positive and significant effect on stock returns of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. On the basis of the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that there is need for consumer goods industry to improve on their operating cash flow by making money available for this purpose for the general benefit of the economy. The management should embark on effective intermediation drive which will provide deep source of fund for this industry. Government should adopt a viable policy that will enable this industry to expand their scope of business and firm size of this industry should be improved. The study also revealed that if free cash flow will be well managed, it will affect the stock returns policy of a firm positively. Ojimba, Francisca | Okegbe, T. O. | Ifurueze, M. S. "Cash Flow Activities and Stock Returns: Evidence from Nigerian Consumer Goods Firms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47626.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47626/cash-flow-activities-and-stock-returns-evidence-from-nigerian-consumer-goods-firms/ojimba-francisca
Effect of Determinants of Financial Reporting Timeliness on Reporting Timelin...YogeshIJTSRD
This study assesses the relationship between the determinants of financial reporting timeliness of Nigerian banking industry. Specifically, Ogbodo, Cy Okenwa | Jiagbogu, Nwadiogo K "Effect of Determinants of Financial Reporting Timeliness on Reporting Timeliness: An Empirical Study of Nigerian Banks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38670.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38670/effect-of-determinants-of-financial-reporting-timeliness-on-reporting-timeliness-an-empirical-study-of-nigerian-banks/ogbodo-cy-okenwa
Effect of Financial Ratios on Firm Performance Study of Selected Brewery Firm...ijtsrd
The study assessed the effect of financial ratios on performance of Quoted Breweries firms in Nigeria. It made use of ex post facto research design. Data were gotten from secondary sources obtained from NSE fact books and annual reports accounts of the selected Breweries Companies. The population of the study consisted of thirteen 13 quoted Breweries firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 31st December, 2018. Four 4 of the quoted Breweries firms are selected to form the sample of the study for the period of nine 9 years 2010 – 2018 . The relevant data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between current ratio and firm performance but negative effect. Debt equity ratio has a significant effect on return on asset of Nigerian Breweries. The result of the study concludes that Nigerian breweries companies are relatively using an optimal mix of debt to equity which is evident from the significant positive relationship of debt equity ratio with financial performance of the Nigerian Breweries. The researchers recommended that the management should employ all carefulness while financing with long term debt instruments endeavor to find out the best and optimal combination of long term debt and equity that will impact positively on the value of the firm. Agbata, Amaka Elizabeth | Osingor, Arinze Stanley | Ezeala, George "Effect of Financial Ratios on Firm Performance: Study of Selected Brewery Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45177.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/45177/effect-of-financial-ratios-on-firm-performance-study-of-selected-brewery-firms-in-nigeria/agbata-amaka-elizabeth
Corporate governance is of great importance for financial performance. Corporate governance issues have attracted public interest in the financial sector both locally and internationally after waves of corporate rip-offs and failures that almost led to loss of confidence in the finance sector. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of corporate governance on financial performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted a population of 65 active Savings and credit Co-operatives operating in Embu County. A sample size of 57 Savings and Credit Co-operatives was used in this study. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample. Primary data was collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires while secondary data was obtained from financial statements and periodicals using a record survey sheet. Pre-testing of research tool was conducted before the actual data collection was carried, to determine the reliability of the questionnaire by use of a Cronbach‘s alpha, statistical coefficient, while the validity was tested to ensure that the questions in the questionnaire provides adequate coverage to the investigative questions. Correlation and multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The study findings indicated that corporate governance positively affected the financial performance. In specific the board composition and corporate risk management for SACCOs had a positive effect on the financial performances of the SACCOs. The study is beneficial to SACCOs management in improving the performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives and enabling them to compete globally. The study recommends gender parity consideration and balanced mix of skilled board members during appointments of the board members. The recommendations are important to the government, especially the department of cooperatives in strengthening policies regarding cooperative societies.
Related Party Transaction and Performance of Quoted Banks in Nigeriaijtsrd
This study examined the effect of related party transactions on return on total equity of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria. Data for the study were analyzed with descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares OLS analysis was used to test the hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS . The findings show that related party transaction has statistical positive relationship on the return on equity of the quoted Nigerian commercial banks. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommends that equity shareholders must always ensure that dividend declared are not based on falsified profit especially when related party transactions which has inherent risk of corporate failure are involved. Okerekeoti, Chinedu U. "Related Party Transaction and Performance of Quoted Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47968.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47968/related-party-transaction-and-performance-of-quoted-banks-in-nigeria/okerekeoti-chinedu-u
Effect of Internal Control on the Financial Performance of a Rwanda Public Or...ijtsrd
The study was conducted to examine the internal control systems and financial performance of Rwanda Revenue Authority which has a total population of 90 employees in all departments at head quarter from which the sample size of 90 respondents were randomly selected by using universal sampling method. The study used both qualitative and quantitative since the major findings from the field was descriptively presented through the use of tables and graphs for easy understanding and interpretation. The study had three objectives which includes, to examine the effect of Control Environment on the financial performance of RRA Institution, to examine the role of control activities on the financial performance of RRA Institution, to examine the effect of internal audit on financial performance of RRA Institution. The study used both primary and secondary data in collecting data. The study used cross sectional survey design in which the survey questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The results showed that beta=0.652 with the p values of 0.00 and t value of 4.906 which is greater than 1.96. Since the p value is less than 0.05, the researcher confirmed the positive hypothesis and saying that Control Environment affect financial performance. On the other side, the results showed that beta=0.513 with the p values of 0.00 and t value of 4.699 greater than 1.96. Since the p value is less than 0.05, the researcher observed the positive hypothesis and conclude that Control Activities affect financial performance. Lastly, as per the table no.14, beta=0.852 with the p values of 0.001 and t value of 3.493 greater than 1.96. Since the p value is less than 0.05, the researcher observed the positive hypothesis and conclude that Internal Audit affect financial performance. The researcher recommends the following due to the results from respondents There is still a need in in preventing corruption existing in paying taxes whereas some businesses do not pay the exact amount of taxes they should pay due to corruption. Most of the times, these types of businesses can be classified into two categories. The first category includes business owners who do not expose all commercial activities they are running. There is a need in sensitizing Rwandans about the use of taxes. They are used for different purposes including building infrastructure, education, and healthcare, just to name a few. Lastly, the government of Rwanda should introduce a system that prevent people from tax evasion. One more highlight that I can give here is like how the introduction of speed governors limited the number of accidents. There is a need in introducing a new system that can bring changes and discourage tax evaders. Hakizimana Dieudonne | Keza Cynthia "Effect of Internal Control on the Financial Performance of a Rwanda Public Organization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL:
Corporate Governance Practices and Financial Statement Analysis in Rwanda A C...ijtsrd
The study used a correlation and case study designs in order to determine the relationship between financial statement analysis and corporate decision making. Data was collected from 66 randomly selected respondents who included bank management and staffs. The questionnaire used for data collection while validity was ensured by using subject matter experts to judge the content validity. Similarly, reliability ensured by pilot testing the questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics frequency and percentage distribution and inferential statistics multiple linear regression analysis . The researcher therefore accepts the first null hypothesis and rejects the second and third null hypotheses. It is hoped that the study will act as a guiding tool for BRD by highlighting the assessment of financial statement analysis and corporate decision making. This will encourage BRD to sustainably improve their financial statement analysis practices in order to improve corporate decision making. Furthermore, the researcher hopes that other academicians will find the findings of this study valuable in benchmarking their studies on the same subject. Dr. Pooja Nagpal | Dr. Yagnam Nagesh | Dr. Umamaheswari K "Corporate Governance Practices & Financial Statement Analysis in Rwanda - A Case Study of Bank of Rwanda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50401.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/50401/corporate-governance-practices-and-financial-statement-analysis-in-rwanda--a-case-study-of-bank-of-rwanda/dr-pooja-nagpal
Analysis Operational Cost Budget at PT. Mitra Maha Mandiriijtsrd
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the budget and realization of operational costs at PT. Mitra Maha Mandiri has been running effectively. The types of data used are quantitative and qualitative data. Data sources are primary and secondary data. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis method and analysis of variance. The results of this study indicate that the budget and realization of operational costs at PT. Mitra Maha Mandiri has been running effectively. Nur Fatwa Basar | Ardiansyah "Analysis Operational Cost Budget at PT. Mitra Maha Mandiri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50695.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/accounting/50695/analysis-operational-cost-budget-at-pt-mitra-maha-mandiri/nur-fatwa-basar
Contribution of Current Assets Management to the Financial Performance of Lis...ijtsrd
The study examined the effect of current asset management on the financial performance of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study specifically determined the extent to which debtor turnover ratio, cash ratio and inventory turnover ratio affect the Earnings Per Share of listed consumer goods firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group, using causal comparative research design. Purposive sampling technique was deployed to determine the twelve 12 consumer goods firms that made up the sample participants of the study, out of a population of twenty one. Secondary data were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the selected companies over a period of ten years which spanned from 2011 to 2020. The hypotheses formulated were tested using Ordinary Least Square technique at 5 level of significance. The findings revealed that while debtor turnover ratio and inventory turnover ratio have a positive effect on earnings per share, cash ratio negatively affects the Earnings Per Share of listed consumer goods firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group. However, the effects were not significant at 5 level. It was recommended that managers of consumer goods firms should reduce to minimal level the time it will take between sales of goods and services and the collection of cash since the performance of firms can be increased through an increment in frequency of debt collection. Gilbert Ogechukwu Nworie | Vitalis O. Moedu | Onyali, Chidiebele Innocent "Contribution of Current Assets Management to the Financial Performance of Listed Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52600.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/52600/contribution-of-current-assets-management-to-the-financial-performance-of-listed-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/gilbert-ogechukwu-nworie
The study examined the effect of fair value accounting on predictive power of earnings of listed Deposit Money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Fair value accounting has been a subject of serious concern in corporate finance and accounting literature following the adoption of International Financial Reporting standards. Data were collected from all the fifteen DMBs listed on the Nigerian stock exchange between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2015. In analyzing the collected data, the study adopted descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and a panel multiple regression analysis to identify the possible effects of fair value accounting on predictive power of earnings. The results revealed that fair value accounting significantly enhances earnings predictability. The results further established that where as fair value hierarchy level one does not significantly enhance earnings predictability of listed DMBs in Nigeria, level two and three was found to be negatively and significantly influencing earnings predictability. This implies that level two and three significantly reduces earnings predictability of listed DMBs in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria should develop valuation guidelines that must be followed enhance reliability of fair value measurement in Nigeria.
Risk management in banks is a crucial issue mainly in Islamic banks. This study seeks to examine the impact of the incomes of mudharaba and musharaka on the relationship between risk and performance, which is measured by ROAA. This study employs unbalanced panel data regression analysis of Ordinary Least Squares method, from 16 Islamic banks from different countries over the period 2012 to 2015, which was processed by the software stata13. The results show that the income of Sharing of Losses and Profits (PLS) products (mudharaba and musharaka) has a moderating effect particularly on the relationships between performance and liquidity risk, and operational risk. However, it has no moderating effect on the relationship between performance and market risk. This study helps to enrich the literature with new models that can help bankers and Islamic finance students to get ideas and make relevant decisions in terms of investment.
Critical Success Factors for Effective Internal Auditing: A Case of the Offic...FinancialMarketCorpo
The main aim of this study was to investigate on the critical success factors for effective internal auditing.
Internal auditing is the backbone of internal control in an organization. Although challenges exist on internal audit
in the public of sector, there are success factors for effective internal auditing. The investigation mainly focused on
the case at the Office Auditor General that audits all the public sector offices in Namibia.
The Management team and the internal auditors at the office were the source for the required data to the
researcher questionnaires through google form. The study used empirical literature to identify the critical success factors to effective internal auditing function at the Office of Auditor General. The factors were identified
and categorized into models that were developed from the study. The outcomes were presented in frequency
tables and charts obtained from the data analysis. The results of the study show that management support
and good management practice, adequate well-trained and competent internal audit staff, functional board of
directors, internal policies and control are the critical successful factors to effective internal auditing. However,
management support and good management practice play a vital role among the identified factors. The study
recommended that the Office of the Auditor General should support internal auditing roles by facilitating the internal auditing work and recruit more skilled and qualified internal auditors to increase the effectiveness of internal
auditing.
Similar to Determinants of Client Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
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contradicting each other, ranging from a positive to a
negative to a statistically negligible influence.
Furthermore, there has been minimal research in this
area (Agbaje and Sokunle, 2016; Soyemi and
Olowookere, 2013), with their studies focusing on the
function of external auditors in fraud prevention and
client perceptions of bank external audit costs. In
light of the foregoing, the current study adds to earlier
research by offering new evidence on the
determinants of client characteristics in Nigerian
deposit money institutions. This study examines the
effect of client characteristics on financial
performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria.
The specific the study seek to
Ascertain the effect of client fee on return on
assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria.
Determine the effect of client size on return on
assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria.
Conceptual Framework
Client Characteristics
The length of time and documentation required for an
audit are referred to as client characteristics. It is also
the process of an internal or external quality auditor
or an audit team conducting a systematic examination
of a quality system (Chukwu, 2015). The attempt of
experts and researchers to uncover client qualities that
affect financial performance has been a major source
of concern for Nigerian manufacturing enterprises
and the general public in recent years. The combined
effect of transparent and comparable financial
reporting will reduce information asymmetry and
improve audit fees in Nigeria's publicly traded firms.
The amount of fees paid to external auditors is
extremely important to a lot of stakeholders, which is
why disclosure guidelines demand that this
information be revealed in financial statements
(Kikhia, 2014; Hentati &Jilani, 2013). While the
drivers of audit fees are not new to the literature, their
importance in pricing audit fees in a developing
country environment is limited. By focusing on listed
businesses on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, this
study examines the determinants of audit fees and
provides insight into the determinants of audit fees in
a developing country setting.
Client Fee
The amount of a client fee or audit charge is
determined by the assignment's risk, the complexity
of the services offered, competence, and other
professional factors. It demonstrates that a greater
audit charge will result in a higher quality audit
(Yuniarti, 2011). The size of the audit charge can also
alter the impression of public accountants'
independence because a large price can make
accounting companies unwilling to go against the
client's wishes, whereas a little fee can reduce the
time and expense of performing entire audit
processes. Members must be able to demonstrate that
their work is done professionally, that it meets the
quality requirements, and that it meets the demands of
the dent. Client fee or audit fee, according to Mii
(2016), is audit remuneration obtained by auditors in
performing their tasks for the firm or client. The level
of service offered by auditors in fulfilling their tasks
in the organization would be determined by the audit
remuneration received by them, according to the
study.
As a result, the development of audit fee models
should aid in the provision of benchmarks for
evaluating audit fees, which should aid customers in
both analyzing current price levels and better
informing their choice of auditors (Alhassan, 2017).
Identifying the variables that are strongly connected
with audit fees should assist tighten the tender
specification and hence enhance comparison when an
external audit is placed out to tender. Client fee or
audit fee, according to Enofe, Mgbame, Okunrobo,
and Izon (2012), is the amount of money collected by
an audit firm in carrying out audit assignments. The
usual or expected rate of change in the audit fee
reflects objectives such as firm size, the complexity
of the audit issues influencing the items appearing on
the firm's profit and loss account and balance sheet,
and changes in the institutional and accounting
environment since the last audit. As a result, Yunusa
(2017) describes auditing as a self-regulating system
whose components interact to form a loosely
connected, semi-institutionalized whole, a structure
that is always changing and vulnerable to economic,
regulatory, and political influences. Economic,
regulatory, and political pressures can make it
difficult for an auditor to strike a balance between the
auditing profession's essential professional standards
of impartiality and independence (Sundgreen &
Svanstorm, 2013). This could imply that an auditor
must be free of business influences in order to retain
objectivity and independence. In order to achieve
excellent audit quality, the auditor must dedicate the
appropriate amount of time to the audit assignment
and work with a trained team. Despite the fact that it
is rarely in the audit client's best interest to have the
auditor undertake a full audit where everything is
scrutinized due to cost concerns, it is rarely in the
audit client's best interest to have the auditor perform
a comprehensive audit where everything is
scrutinized. Higher service fees are usually correlated
with higher service quality.
Client Size
Previous research has shown that the size of a
corporation has an impact on audit plans (Castro et al,
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2015; Kikhia, 2014). Larger organizations demand
more attention than smaller ones, therefore more time
will be spent on auditing them. As a result, larger
companies will face higher audit fees than smaller
ones (Xu, 2011; Simon & Taylor, 2002). Larger
businesses would engage in more activities than
smaller businesses. They are frequently more visible
in the public eye and reveal more information than
small businesses. Prior research by Al-Shammari,
Brown, and Tarca (2008), as well as Xu (2011), found
that "the size of the client is the most critical
determinant in influencing audit fees." In their study
on the overview of empirical research linked to audit
fee, Causholli, De Martinis, Hay, and Knechel (2011)
discovered that the client's size of business is the most
significant factor of audit fee among all other
determinants. The explanation for the positive and
strong association between audit fee and the size of
the client's business was that as the size of the
company's business grows, so does the auditor's labor
utilization and effort. As a result, auditing large
organizations requires more resources and time than
auditing small businesses. They also have the
financial means to hire large international auditing
companies. As a result, major businesses will pay
larger fees than small businesses (Carson et al., 2004;
Vermeer, Raghunandan & Forgione 2009). The size
of the audited company and the fee charged by
auditors have been found to have a favorable
association (Tan, & Koh, 1990). The number of
employees, total sales, and total assets are the most
frequent metrics of a company's size. Some studies
employed a different proxy from the one that was
actually used for the client's business size. The size of
a client can also be estimated using the number of
employees as a proxy (Freischer, 2012). Fleischer
(2012) conducted a recent study in a developed
country and found evidence of the German market in
terms of the relationship between customer size and
audit fee by utilizing a different proxy than the one
used for client size of business. His research
employed the number of employees as a proxy for the
size of the client's company. The results of his
research revealed that the size of a client's business
has the greatest explanatory power and that audit fee
has a substantial positive link. According to previous
empirical study, size is the most important element
that impacts the fees charged by external auditors
(Naser & Nuseibeh, 2008).
The role of auditee size in charging audit fees has
been the subject of a large amount of empirical
auditing literature (e.g. Gonthier-Besacier & Schatt,
2007; Ahmed & Goyal, 2005). Auditing large-sized
clients requires more time and effort than auditing
small-sized clients. Because auditor rates are based on
the amount of time it takes to perform the task, it is
assumed that larger organizations will have to pay
higher audit fees.
Financial Performance
There are several dimensions of performance, each of
which adds to an organization's total performance.
Despite the advent of different available benchmarks
and performance evaluation methods, defining what
constitutes performance may remain elusive.
According to Hansen and Mowen (2005), firm
performance is very important to management
because it is an outcome that has been achieved by an
individual or a group of individuals in an organization
in terms of their authority and responsibility in
achieving the goal legally, not against the law, and in
accordance with morale and ethics. Performance is a
measure of an organization's capacity to acquire and
manage resources in a variety of ways in order to
obtain a competitive edge. According to Hansen and
Mowen (2005), firm performance is very important to
management because it is an outcome that has been
achieved by an individual or a group of individuals in
an organization in terms of their authority and
responsibility in achieving the goal legally, not
against the law, and in accordance with morale and
ethics. Performance is a measure of an organization's
capacity to acquire and manage resources in a variety
of ways in order to obtain a competitive edge.
The return on assets (ROA) indicates the profitability
of a company's assets after all expenses and taxes
have been paid. It calculates the firm's profit after
taxes for every dollar invested in assets (Horne &
Wachowicz 2005). It's a measure of a manager's
effectiveness. As a result, a greater ratio value
indicates superior managerial success (Ross,
Westerfield & Jaffe 2005). Return on assets (ROA) is
defined by Emekekwue (2008) as a ratio that attempts
to evaluate the amount of profit earned from the
firm's complete assets. Profit before taxes Total
Assets is how it's expressed. Return on assets (ROA)
was utilized as a dependent variable by Ekwe and
Duru (2012) because it is a measure of managerial
efficacy. A dependent variable is return on assets
(ROA). It's the result of dividing profit after taxes by
total assets to get the quotient. According to Falope
and Ajilore (2009), the formula for return on assets
(ROA) is Profit before tax divided by Total Assets.
Return on Assets (ROA) is a financial measure that
displays how much profit a firm makes in comparison
to its total assets. Net income divided by total assets
is a frequent definition. The profit after taxes is
generated from the income statement or statement of
comprehensive income of the company (Enekwe,
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Agu & Eziedo, 2014). Increased profit margins or
asset turnover might boost ROA.
ROA = Net Profit / Total Assets.
Empirical Review
The association between board features and firm
success was investigated by Nishtiman (2018). The
study analyzed data from 146 publicly traded
companies on the Istanbul Stock Exchange from 2011
to 2015. To investigate the impact of board features
on business performance in Turkey, the researchers
used cross-sectional time-series feasible generalized
least square regression, which accounts for
autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. The findings
of this study show that interlocking directorship,
education level, and board size improves business
performance. The link between independent directors
and firm performance was found to be insignificant in
this study. Yu and Diandian (2016) investigated the
relationship between audit quality and financial
distress using data from China. Based on Chinese
publicly traded companies, the study investigates the
link between audit quality and financial difficulty.
The study relied on secondarysources of information.
Financial distress is a dependent variable, with audit
quality as an independent variable proxies such as
audit opinion, Big 4 and audit fee. For all companies
listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges,
the evaluation period was two (2) years, from 2012 to
2013. The study used correlation analysis to
determine the relationship between the independent
and dependent variables, as well as multiple
regression to determine the effect of the independent
variable on the dependent variable. The findings
indicate that audit quality has a favorable and
significant association with financial performance. On
the companies listed on the Nairobi security and
exchange, Kimeli (2016) conducted a study on the
drivers of audit pricing. The study took a deductive
method, and data was gathered from annual reports
and accounts of publicly traded companies from 2008
to 2014. The study's two findings confirmed that
auditor expertise, reputation, Big Four status, client
size, client complexity, and reporting time lag were
all relevant determinants in setting audit fees for
Kenyan listed companies. Audit fees have a negative
association with auditor size, but audit fees have no
relationship with reporting season, client profitability,
or client risk. In Nigeria, Urhoghide and Emeni
(2014) investigated the impact of client characteristics
on audit fees. From 2007 to 2011, the study looked at
whether client size, profitability, complexity, fiscal
year end, and industry have a major impact on audit
fees in Nigeria. The companies were chosen from the
population using a basic random sampling procedure.
Descriptive and correlation analysis were used to
examine the variables. Following that, a fixed effects
regression analysis was carried out. The findings
revealed that in Nigeria, client size, profitability,
complexity, fiscal year end, and industry all had a
substantial impact on audit fees. The effect of firm
characteristics on the environmental performance of
quoted conglomerates enterprises in Nigeria was
investigated by Ezekwesili and Ezejiofor (2022). This
study used an ex-post facto research design. From
2011 to 2020, the study's population consisted of all
five (5) conglomerate corporations listed on the
Nigerian Exchange Group. Data was derived from the
selected firms' financial statements over the years of
interest. Data were analyzed using descriptive
statistics, with Ordinary Least Square multiple
regression analysis utilized at a 5% level of
significance. The research found that firm size and
leverage have no significant impact on waste
management expenditures among Nigerian listed
conglomerates. Ajide (2014) looked at audit prices in
the Nigerian banking industry from 2008 to 2012.
The information was gathered from the selected
banks' annual reports and accounts. The fixed effect
form model estimations demonstrated a positive
relationship between complexity risk and operating
performance, but a negative relationship between
complexity risk and audit fees. The audit fees have a
strong influence and a substantial association with the
study's explanatory factors, according to the findings.
The impact of audit quality on business performance
was investigated by Sayyar, Basiruddin, Rasid, and
Elhabib (2016) using data from Malaysia. The goal of
this study is to look at the impact of audit quality on
firm performance for Malaysian publicly traded
companies over a ten-year period from 2003 to 2012.
Secondary data was employed to obtain data, and
multiple regression was used to analyze it. The
researchers discovered that audit quality (audit fee
and audit firm rotation) and return on assets have no
association. Audit fees show a strong positive link
with Tobin's Q, according to the researchers, while
audit firm rotation is insignificantly and favorably
connected to Tobin's Q. Yunusa (2017) looked at the
factors that influence audit fees in Nigerian listed
insurance companies from 2012 to 2015. The study's
participants were twenty-six (26) insurance
companies operating in Nigeria. The study's sample
size was determined using the purposive sampling
technique. The panel data were compiled using
secondary sources such as annual reports and
financial statements from sampled businesses. The
data was analyzed using the ordinary least square
(OLS) regression method. The research revealed that
the size of the customer, the standing of the audit
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firms in the Big Four, and the risk of the client are all
critical factors in determining the audit costs of listed
insurance companies in Nigeria.
Methodology
Research Design
Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the
study. This is appropriate because the study aims at
measuring the relationship between one variable and
another, in which the variables involved are not
manipulated by the researcher.
Population and Sample Size
The population of the study consists of the 15 deposit
money banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange.
The study covered ten years annual reports and
accounts of these banks from 2011 to 2020.
Source of Data
The data were sourced from publications of Nigerian
Stock Exchange Factbook and the Annual Reports
and Accounts of the sampled banks. The data
extracted include; client size, client fees and return on
assets.
The dependent variable is proxied using return on
assets while the independent variables are client size
and client fees
Model Specification
The specified simple regression estimated model
takes the following form:
Y = X
Y = + x1 + x2 +
Where:
Y = Dependent variable of firm
X = Independent variable of firm
= Intercept for X variable of i firm
- = Coefficient for the independent variables X
of firm, denoting the nature of the relationship with
dependent variable Y (parameters)
ROAit = a0 + µ i + βICLSZit ∑it ...............................i
ROAit = a0 + µ i + β2CLFit ∑it ……………............ii
Where:
ROA = Return on assets was measured by Profit after
tax divided by total assets.
CLSZ = Client size, it is measured in this study as the
natural log of total asset
CLFE= Client fees was measured by the natural
logarithm of audit fees paid to auditors
a0 = slope of the model
βI, β2, = coefficient of parameter.
Ut = Error term
Method of Data Analysis
Multiple regression analysis was used to test the
relationship between the independent variables and
the dependent variable. This was done with aids of E-
view version 9 at 95% confidence at five degree of
freedom (df).
Decision Rule
The decision rule for the hypothesis is to accept the
alternative hypotheses if the p-value of the test
statistic is less than the alpha at 5% significance level,
otherwise reject alternate hypothesis and accept null
hypothesis.
Data Interpretation and Results
Table 1: Descriptive Statistics
ROA CLFE CLSZ
Mean 0.016077 259460.7 3049701.
Median 0.015025 257803.5 1843025.
Maximum 0.027309 350000.0 13968115
Minimum 0.005529 135000.0 647575.0
Std. Dev. 0.006635 80758.48 3954151.
Skewness 0.184058 -0.308010 2.384071
Kurtosis 2.151400 1.841521 7.223573
Jarque-Bera 0.356513 0.717315 16.90572
Probability 0.836728 0.698614 0.000213
Sum 0.160772 2594607. 30497011
Sum Sq. Dev. 0.000396 5.87E+10 1.41E+14
Observations 10 10 10
Table 1 reveals that the average return on assets of the
sampled banks is 2% approximately; the maximum
ROA of the sampled banks is 3% with a minimum of
0,5% with a standard deviation of 0.01. The average
CLFE from the sampled observations is 2.60;
standard deviation of 80758.48; a maximum CLFE
observation of 35000.0 with a minimum value of
135000.0. The mean value of CLSZ stood at
3049701.0; a standard deviation of 0.4954151.0;
maximum CLSZ observation of 13968115.0 with a
minimum value of 647575.0.
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49819 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2022 Page 1638
Test of Hypotheses
Table 2: Multiple regression analysis between ROA, CLFE and CLSZ
Dependent Variable: ROA
Method: Least Squares
Date: 04/17/22 Time: 11:33
Sample: 2011 2020
Included observations: 10
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 0.018508 0.008825 2.097330 0.0742
CLFE -5.06E-09 3.74E-08 -0.135200 0.8963
CLSZ -3.67E-10 7.64E-10 -0.479992 0.6459
R-squared 0.067664 Mean dependent var 0.016077
Adjusted R-squared -0.198718 S.D. dependent var 0.006635
S.E. of regression 0.007264 Akaike info criterion -6.768416
Sum squared resid 0.000369 Schwarz criterion -6.677640
Log likelihood 36.84208 Hannan-Quinn criter. -6.867996
F-statistic 0.254011 Durbin-Watson stat 1.597306
Prob(F-statistic) 0.782535
Hypothesis One
Ho1: Client fee has no significant effect on return on
assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria.
Table 2 shows that there is a no significant negative
relationship between CLFE and ROA of quoted
deposit money banks in Nigeria. This can be observed
from the beta coefficient (β1) of -5.06 with p value of
0.90 which is not significant at 5%. Therefore, we
accept null hypothesis which uphold that client fee
has no significant effect on return on assets of deposit
money banks in Nigeria
Hypothesis Two
Ho2: Client size has no significant effect on return on
assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria.
Table 2 shows that there is a no significant negative
relationship between CLSZ and ROA of quoted
deposit money banks in Nigeria. This can be observed
from the beta coefficient (β1) of -3.67 with p value of
0.65 which is not significant at 5%. Therefore, we
accept null hypothesis which uphold that client size
has no significant effect on return on assets of deposit
money banks in Nigeria
The F-statistic of 0.254 with an associated Prob (F-
statistic) of 0.7825 is not statistically significant at
5%, which reveals that the model is well fitted, while
the coefficient of determination R2 of 0.199, explains
the individual variation of the dependent variable
ROA as a result of the changes in the independent
variables (CLFE and CLSZ). It can be said that CLFE
and CLSZ have combined predictive power of 20% in
affecting ROA of quoted deposit money banks in
Nigeria, while the remaining 80% is accounted for by
other factors which are not captured in the model.
Conclusion and Recommendations
This study examined the effect determinants of client
characteristics on financial performance of deposit
money banks in Nigeria. The study used client fee
and client size a proxies for client characteristic and
return on assets for measure of financial performance.
Data extracted were analysis and tested with multiple
regression analysis. The results show that client fee
and client size has a negative effect on return on
assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria, and these
effects were not statistically significant at 5% level of
significance. However this implied that increase in
client characteristics will result decrease in the
financial performance of the firms. Based on the
findings of this study, it is suggested that:
1. When setting audit fees, shareholders should
consider the complexity of clients' businesses,
particularly oil and gas firms, because those
complicated businesses are more difficult to audit.
2. The company's size should be increased so that
they can finish their tasks in the time allotted.
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