The document discusses the debate around ratifying the US Constitution between the Anti-Federalists and Federalists. The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification, believing the federal government would have too much power over the states. They included George Clinton, Robert Yates, Mercy Otis Warren, Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and George Mason. The Federalists supported ratification, including Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. They argued the system of checks and balances would protect individual rights rather than relying on civic virtue alone. Both sides published pamphlets and used pen names to argue their positions in newspapers.

1. THE ROAD TO RATIFICATION

3. THE ANTI-FEDERALISTS

5. GEORGE CLINTON “ Cato”

7. ROBERT YATES “ Brutus”

9. MERCY OTIS WARREN “ Federal Farmer”

10. RICHARD HENRY LEE

11. PATRICK HENRY

12. GEORGE MASON

13. Convention held behind closed doors, should have been open to all. Too much Federal Power, at the expense of the states Too much power in the legislative branch can lead to tyranny

14. Necessary and Proper clause gives the Legislature too much power. All abilities should be spelled out Not enough division between congress and executive branch. Constitution provides for a standing army which would be under federal control and could lead to tyranny

15. NO GUARANTEE OF RIGHTS!

16. THE FEDERALISTS

17. ALEXANDER HAMILTON

19. JAMES MADISON

20. JOHN JAY

21. The nation can’t rely on Civic Virtue to secure rights. Rights will be preserved through the separation of power, competing interests and the system of checks and balances built into the Constitution will guarantee the rights of the people Human nature and greed won’t allow for the preservation of rights

22. GEORGE MASON

23. THE BILL OF RIGHTS