How waste management practices are affected by globalization and interconnectivity

1. The Future of Waste Management
“Matrix Reloaded”
Antonis Mavropoulos CEO D-Waste antonis.mavropoulos@d-waste.com

2. Contents
• Current SWM
• 2050 forecast
• Reshaping the future

3. 1. Current waste management
MSW between 1,6-2 billion tons/year
Population & GDP/cap growth  much more waste
Source: Veolia, Cyclope (2009) From waste to resource: an abstract of world waste survey 2009, Paris.
[Available: http://www.uncrd.or.jp/env/spc/docs/plenary3/PS3-F-Veolia_Hierso-Print%20abstract.pdf]

4. Current SWM
• 70% to dumpsites & landfills
• 19% recycled or recovered
• 11% energy recovery
• 40 million people industry – around 50% ISR
• 0.46-0.66 billion tons (30%) of uncollected
MSW/year

5. Urbanization is 30% faster than sanitation
Population gaining access to improved sanitation compared to population
growth, urban and rural, worldwide, 1990-2008
1200
1089
1000
813
800
600
450
400 370
200
0
Urban Rural
Population growth 1990-2008 Population gaining access 1990-2008
Source: WHO & UNICEF (2010) Progress on Sanitation & Drinking Water: 2010 Update, France.
Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241563956_eng_full_text.pdf

6. How many people without waste management ?
What means “access to waste
management services”?
Recent estimations : almost 52%
of the global population
More than 3,6 billion in 2008 or
everyone who lives with GNI less
than 1200 -1600 $ / year
Source: www.d-waste.com

7. 2. 2050 forecast
Population growth almost by 50% (baseline 2006), until 2050

8. Economy growth
Global GDP growth almost by 320%, until 2050

9. Cities growth 2007 - 2025
Source: Urban World:
Mapping the Economic
Power of Cities, Mc
Kinsey, March 2011

10. Rough estimates (BaU)
Changes 2006-2050 with BaU scenario
350,00%
320,00%
300,00%
250,00%
197,16%
200,00%
150,00% 138,01%
100,00%
68,40%
50,00% 41,34%
0,00%
GDP POPULATION gdp/cap MSW produced MSW produced
/cap
Source: D-waste “Waste Management for everyone”, update 1 (to be published on September))

11. MSW production 2006-2050
4,28
4,50
4,00
3,50
3,00
2,50
1,80
2,00
1,50
0,27 0,46
1,00
0,50
0,00
2006 2050
MSW produced (billion tons/year) MSW produced per capita (tons/year)
Source: D-waste , “Waste Management for everyone”, update 1 (to be published on September)

12. Uncertainties management
Source: D-waste , “Waste Management for everyone”, update 1 (to be published on September)

13. Urbanization – sanitation gap

14. We can’t afford going like this…
• It is an elementary component of health
protection
• It is a key – issue of environmental quality
• It is a corner-stone of governance
• It affects directly the daily life
• It creates important social and economic
impacts

15. Sound Waste Management is a human right. It is not a privilege. It must
not be depended on personal income, race, gender or national
discriminations. It must be easily accessible, affordable and suitable to
local conditions. We need…
WASTE MANAGEMENT AS
A HUMAN RIGHT

16. 3. Rethinking urban SWM
• Focus on Global Cities
• Interface of their countries with global economy &
culture
• Parts of the resource management global network
• “Arrival” cities
• They are Global Risk Areas due to their:
– High population density - pandemics
– High integration and interconnection with the rest of the
world
– High vulnerability to natural disasters

17. Systems far from equilibrium
• Drivers of spatial growth: randomness,
physical constraints, natural advantage,
comparative advantage
• Spatial growth is not predictable
• There are physical & managerial limits
• Growth can be simulated using epidemics or
diffusion models
• Global Cities operate in three rather than two
dimensions
• Infrastructure comes always late

18. We need new descriptions
• INPUT & OUTPUT
• Complex systems,
out of equilibrium
• Patchworks: the
kingdom of non-
uniformity
• SWM as a Human
Right is the canvas
required to
address urban
SWM

19. WE CAN’T AFFORD WAITING FOR THE
INFRASTRUCTURE – WE NEED CHANGE NOW. WE
NEED TO MANAGE THE HUMAN NETWORK OF
WASTE PRODUCERS AND GUARANTEE THE RIGHT
TO SOUND WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR EVERYONE
We need behavioral change through better interaction, we need to
develop local dynamics and neighborhood management, we need new
interactive tools and practices and minimum standards

20. Stimulating Change
1. Adding to current systems modern
technology and interconnectivity’s potential
2. Advancing current systems by stimulating
behavioral change through human agents
3. Both ways combined

21. Welcome to the Interconnected World

22. A new landscape
Internet Penetration rates per region (percentage %)
90,00%
78,67%
80,00%
68,57%
70,00%
61,40%
60,00%
50,00%
39,53%
40,00% 35,65%
30,00% 26,21%
20,00% 13,49%
10,00%
0,00%
North America Oceania / Europe Latin America / Middle East Asia Africa
Australia Carib.
Internet users in 2011 (in million)
600
485
500
400
300
245
200
100 99,18
100 75,98 65,13 59,7 51,44 45,26 43,98
0
China United India Japan Brazil Germany Russia United France Nigeria
States Kingdom

23. Mobile governance to improve SWM
• Photos and location service
• Software to manage the data
• Zoning
• Algorithms to provide
conclusions
• 100 days results

24. Big Data systems: atlas.d-waste.com

25. Global SWM mapping

26. Open source cooperative design
Client
request
Product
design
Experts’
response

27. Stimulating behavioral change
• Bottom – up approach: develop local material supply
chains that contribute to recycling and recovery
• Adaptiveness: provide local solutions adapted to
city’s patchwork based on market dynamics
• Interconnections: improve systemic behavior
allowing information flow within their network
• Feedback: create a unique picture of city’s waste
management

28. ISR as the key-link
• ISR are delivering recycling and waste
management activities in order to fulfill their
elementary human rights
• In that view, ISR are the key-link to introduce
Waste Management as a Human Right
• In many cases the only immediately available
option is to improve ISR contribution and
performance

29. Instead of conclusions
• The current 3.5 bn people without elementary
waste management will be definitely much more
in the near future
• The BaU scenario will create huge health and
environmental impacts that sooner or later will
have global dimensions
• We need massive collaboration to overcome the
technology and poverty barriers
• We need new business models to utilize the
modern technologies and the increasing
interconnectivity

30. www.d-waste.com
The future is here…
THE OTHER SIDE OF CITIES