The Future is Modular, Jonathan Snook

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Scalable and
Modular Architecture
for CSS

• Describes how to approach site design and
development 
• No GitHub repo, not a library, not a framework, no
tools 
• Techniques can be applied to static CSS, Sass,
React, Web Components, etc.

What does it mean
to be modular?

A module is “each of a set of
standardized parts or independent
units that can be used to construct
a more complex structure.”
–Dictionary

What hurdles are
there to being truly
independent?

• Inheritance 
• Cascade 
• Browser Default Styling 
• Putting modules/components together

• Typography 
e.g. color, font-size, font-family 
• List Styles 
e.g. list-style 
• Table Styles  
e.g. border-collapse

Sorry, React. Inline
styles won’t save
you from inheritance.

The cascade is how the
browser decides what
properties to apply when you
have multiple rules declared
on the same element.

• Don’t write multiple rules for the same element 
• Inline styles 
• Create a structured layering system to prevent
conflicts

<button class="button">
.button { 
border:1px solid purple; 
padding: 5px 10px; 
color: pink; 
}
<a href="/" class="button">
text-decoration: none;

• all: initial 
• Predictable HTML 
i.e. templates

.button + .button {  
margin-left: 10px;  
}

.button + .button, 
.input + .button {  
}
* + * {  
}

• Separate layout from module 
• Micro layout classes

<span class=“layout-inline”>
<input><button>Send</button>
</span>
<span class=“layout-inline”>
<button>Subscribe</button>
</span>

<input><button>Send</button>
<button class=“ML-S”>Subscribe</
button>

If Module A  
in Module B  
in Layout C  
Then I’m screwed.

If Module A has room 
do this.

Every piece of
design ends up in
code.

• Categorize 
• Naming Convention

Base
Layout
Module
State
Theme

• .btn
• .btn--variation
• .btn__component
• .btn
• &--variation
• &__component
• button.css
• .variation
• .component
SMACSS-y
BEM
Sass
CSS
Modules/React
• .btn
• .btn-variation
• .btn--component

HTML
CSS
JavaScript
HTML
CSS
JavaScript
HTML
CSS
JavaScript

React.render(
<XUIButton type={type}>
My Button!
</XUIButton>
);

var XUIButton = React.createClass({
render: function() {
return (
<button className="{this.props.type}">
{this.props.children}
</button>
);
}
});

var myStyle = {
color: '#FFF',
backgroundColor: '#330000'
}
var XUIButton = React.createClass({
render: function() {
return (
<button style="{myStyle}">
{this.props.children}
</button>
);
}

• Templates 
• Shadow DOM 
• Custom Elements 
• HTML Imports

var p = document.createElement(‘p');
p.createShadowRoot();
p.shadowRoot.innerHTML = 'HTML Contents';
document.body.appendChild(p);

• The Cascade no longer applies 
• Inheritance still applies  
(unless you use all:initial)

HTML
CSS
JavaScript
component.html
<link rel="import"  
href="component.html">

<custom-element>
<img src="…">
</custom-element>

// Creates a MediaObjectElement class
// that extends HTMLElement.
class MediaObjectElement extends HTMLElement {
createdCallback() {
var shadowRoot = this.createShadowRoot();
shadowRoot.innerHTML = 'Shadow DOM contents...';
}
}
// Registers the `<custom-element>` element for use.
document.registerElement('custom-element',
MediaObjectElement);

• Likely a year before all browsers support
everything. 
• JavaScript Dependent 
• Phillip Walton’s Talk on Modular CSS with Web
Components  
http://snk.ms/27

• Think about standardized and modular design. 
• Frameworks like React can help. 
• Web Components are coming. (So is winter.)

Thank you. 
http://snook.ca/ 
@snookca

The Future is Modular, Jonathan Snook

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