The Fourteen Points and The Treaty of Versailles
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1. The document outlines President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points, which proposed terms for ending World War 1 including territorial adjustments, reparations, and the creation of a League of Nations to maintain peace. 2. The Treaty of Versailles imposed significant requirements on Germany, including territorial losses, demilitarization, reparations payments, and a clause assigning full blame for the war to Germany. 3. The treaty redrew borders in Europe, limited Germany's military, and established the League of Nations but excluded Germany and Austria from participation.
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After World War I, many Europeans lost faith in democracy and turned to fascism instead. Fascist leaders in Italy and Germany rose to power by promising to revive their economies and restore national pride. Benito Mussolini became the fascist dictator of Italy in 1922 and abolished democracy, while Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933, establishing a totalitarian Nazi state that aggressively persecuted Jews and others. Fascism's militarism and extreme nationalism posed a threat to democracy in Europe in the 1930s.
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1) After WWI, Italy faced economic and political problems including unemployment among veterans, economic depression, and a weak government split along factional lines. This led to unrest and rise of militant leftist groups.
2) Mussolini, originally a socialist, formed the fascist party and utilized militant tactics known as "Black Shirts" to attack socialists. By the 1920s, his party gained popularity and seats in parliament.
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The main causes of WWII were:
1) The Treaty of Versailles crippled Germany economically and politically after WWI, fueling German resentment and allowing Hitler to rise to power.
2) The policy of appeasement failed to stop German and Italian aggression as Britain and France continued to give in to Hitler's demands.
3) The emergence of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union centralized power in dictators like Hitler and Stalin who were able to mobilize their nations for war.
4) The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact allowed Germany and the Soviet Union to divide up Eastern Europe, enabling Hitler's invasion of Poland and the start of WWII.
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2) Mussolini, originally a socialist, formed the fascist party and utilized militant tactics known as "Black Shirts" to attack socialists. By the 1920s, his party gained popularity and seats in parliament.
3) In 1922, Mussolini threatened a "March on Rome" which intimidated the king into appointing Mussolini as Prime Minister. By 1925 Mussolini had seized dictatorial powers and established a fascist single-party state, abolishing opposition and instituting propaganda and a secret
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The main causes of WWII were:
1) The Treaty of Versailles crippled Germany economically and politically after WWI, fueling German resentment and allowing Hitler to rise to power.
2) The policy of appeasement failed to stop German and Italian aggression as Britain and France continued to give in to Hitler's demands.
3) The emergence of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union centralized power in dictators like Hitler and Stalin who were able to mobilize their nations for war.
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8. The Interwar period
The document summarizes key events and developments in Europe during the interwar period following World War 1. It discusses the global economic imbalances that emerged, with the US as the leading power and European nations indebted. The Great Depression started with the 1929 Wall Street crash and led to widespread unemployment and economic crisis. Totalitarian regimes arose in Germany and Italy as democratic governments struggled with unrest. Nazi Germany established a totalitarian state under Hitler focused on racial ideology and rearmament for expansion.
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3) Instruments of national power a country can use including its military, diplomacy, economic power, and resolve. War is fought at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1923: MAIN TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Treaty Of Versaiiles
The document is a revision quiz about key terms and restrictions from the Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919 after World War 1. It covers territorial changes and restrictions imposed on Germany, including military limitations such as banning conscription, limiting the size of armed forces, and prohibiting possession of weapons like tanks, heavy artillery, submarines, and an airforce. Germany was also held solely responsible for starting the war under the Treaty and required to pay extensive reparations to the Allied forces.
Treaty of Versailles
The document discusses the Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919 after World War 1. It describes some of the key terms imposed on Germany by the treaty, which included military restrictions, territorial losses, and a war guilt clause. Germans reacted angrily to many of these terms, feeling they were unfairly punished and humiliated by a treaty they had no part in negotiating.
First World War
The document discusses Germany's attitude towards war in 1914. It argues that Germany's enemies (France, Britain, Russia) were not fully prepared for war at the time, while Germany's allies (Austria, Italy, Turkey, Romania) were ready to support Germany. It states that Germany should take advantage of this favorable moment and resolve conflicts of interest through war, regardless of the provocation, in order to secure its future as the leader of European policy. Germany's enemies were France, Britain, Russia, while its allies were considered Austria, Italy, Turkey, Romania. The document advocates for Germany to provoke war in 1914 to maintain control over European affairs while its opponents were perceived as weak.
Normandy invasion
The Normandy Invasion was a massive military operation launched on June 6, 1944 by Allied forces. Over 5,000 ships and 11,000 planes were involved in transporting over 150,000 troops across the English Channel to five beaches in Normandy, France. It faced heavy German resistance from fortified defensive positions along the coast. While the invasion resulted in over 9,000 casualties on D-Day alone, it succeeded in securing a beachhead in Normandy and marked a major turning point in World War 2, ultimately leading to the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany.
world war 1
Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and rival alliances in Europe led to increased tensions between countries. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand triggered a series of events that started World War I. Germany launched the Schlieffen Plan to quickly defeat France but trench warfare ensued. The US later joined the Allies and helped achieve victory. The devastating effects of the war ended several empires. The resulting Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations aimed to establish peace but their terms deeply punished Germany.
01 colonialism and wwi.ppt
1. The document provides historical context on imperialism and its relationship to World War 1. Late 19th century European powers had significant military and economic advantages that they used to colonize parts of Asia and Africa with weak governments and abundant resources.
2. Between 1870-1914, there was a "scramble for Africa" as European powers divided up the continent based on the Berlin Conference of 1885. Colonialism took different forms, from direct rule to protectorates with local rulers. The British Empire was the largest, spanning over 13 million square miles.
3. Militarism, alliances, nationalism, and imperialism were some of the key causes of World War 1. The assassination of Archdu
Germany 2
The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany after World War 1. It forced Germany to accept war guilt, pay extensive reparations, lost territory and control over its military. Germany was also barred from the League of Nations initially. The German delegation strongly opposed the terms, calling it an execution rather than a negotiation. This fueled outrage in Germany and helped Hitler rise to power by promising to tear up the treaty. Many British also felt the treaty was too harsh, which allowed Hitler to remilitarize Germany.
The road to wwii
The document summarizes major events from 1919-1941 that led up to World War 2, including the Treaty of Versailles which imposed harsh terms on Germany after WWI, Japan's increasing aggression in Asia, Germany's rearmament and annexation of territories under Hitler, and failed peace efforts such as the League of Nations and appeasement at the Munich Conference. The US initially took a neutral stance but grew closer to Britain through destroyers-for-bases deals and the Lend-Lease Act in preparation for potential entry into the war.
2.6 end of the_war_website
The document summarizes key events and outcomes of World War 1:
1) By 1918, with American entry and German losses, Germany was unable to continue fighting. An armistice was signed in November 1918.
2) The Treaty of Versailles established peace and imposed punitive terms on Germany, including territorial losses, demilitarization, and reparations payments.
3) The war resulted in over 10 million military deaths and the collapse of several empires like Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Ottoman Turkey. It redrew maps and reshaped Europe and the Middle East.
A miller world war 1
Nationalism in Europe led to a tangled web of alliances between countries by 1900. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in 1914 led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, pulling other allied countries into what became World War 1. The war resulted in stalemate as new military technologies like machine guns, tanks, airplanes, and poison gas led to trench warfare on the Western Front with millions of casualties. The entry of the United States into the war in 1917 helped ensure the defeat of the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1918.
Similar to The Fourteen Points and The Treaty of Versailles (20)
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
More from timothyjgraham
Jeopardy
This document appears to be the clues and answers to categories in a Jeopardy game about United States history, spanning from Pre-Columbian civilizations to the late 19th century. The categories include major indigenous American civilizations, European contact and exploration, westward expansion, slavery and the Civil War, Reconstruction, and 19th century legislation around Native American land and rights.
Weimar Electio and Epilogue
The document summarizes key events in Germany from 1932 to early 1933, when Hitler rose to power. It describes the 1932 elections with political parties debating Germany's crisis. After Hitler was appointed chancellor by Hindenburg in January 1933, the Reichstag building was burned in February. In March, the Enabling Act allowed Hitler's government to enact laws without the Reichstag. Hindenburg then died in August 1934, allowing Hitler to consolidate power as Fuhrer.
Miss representation
The document discusses issues of gender representation and equality in media. It notes that while men dominate top positions in politics, business, and entertainment, women earn only 77 cents for every dollar men earn in the US. It also cites statistics showing the prevalence of disordered eating and body image issues among women and girls that are influenced by unrealistic media portrayals. The document asks questions about experiences of gender equality at different ages and whether media consumption influences viewers, particularly regarding the value and representation of women.
Spanish American War Context
This document discusses the expansion of American imperialism in the late 19th century. It provides context for factors that contributed to U.S. expansion such as economic problems after the 1893 depression and closing of the frontier, as well as ideas of social Darwinism and the white man's burden. Influential figures like Lodge, Mahan and Roosevelt advocated for expansion. The document outlines events that led to the Spanish-American War such as the sinking of the USS Maine and yellow journalism. It summarizes the outcomes of the war, which resulted in U.S. control over Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines.
Hitler: The Birth of the Nazi Party
Here are potential responses to the questions:
1. Hyperinflation devastated German living standards according to charts 3 and 4. Wages rose but could not keep pace with skyrocketing prices, so real wages declined sharply.
2. Food costs rose faster than rent because food is a necessity that people need to buy regularly, while rent contracts were often fixed for longer periods, protecting landlords.
3. Chart 4 shows that during hyperinflation, Germans could no longer afford meat, fish, fruit and luxury foods. Staples like bread, potatoes and fat became the main diet.
4. Pensioners were devastated because their fixed pensions did not increase with inflation, so their buying power was rapidly er
The Spanish American War - Context
1) In the late 19th century, many Americans believed the US should expand its global influence and territory through imperialism. An influential editor said the US was "destined to exercise a controlling influence upon the actions of mankind."
2) Economic problems like the 1893 depression and a perceived "closing of the frontier" led many to support expansion as a solution. This included gaining new markets and resources through building a canal, expanding borders, or an "open door policy" of informal economic empire.
3) The Spanish-American War over Cuban independence provided an opportunity for expansion into territories like Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, despite the Teller Amendment barring annexation of Cuba.
US Mexican War
The US-Mexican War occurred between 1846-1848 after Americans moved into Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, Texas gained independence from Mexico in 1836, and the US annexed Texas in 1845, which Mexico did not recognize, leading to military conflict between the two countries over the border between Texas and northern Mexico.
The "Indian Wars"
Native Americans have faced a difficult struggle to embrace both their ethnic identities and mainstream American culture. While modern Native Americans are proud Americans who integrate aspects of their traditions and Christianity within capitalism, gaining this identity required overcoming a tragic and bloody history of conflicts with the U.S. government over land and sovereignty. These conflicts arose from the government seeking to expand its lands at the expense of Native territories, stop raiding between tribes, and force relocation of tribes resisting loss of independence.
Authoritarian and single party states political spectrum
This document discusses authoritarian and single-party states. It begins by introducing the concepts of authoritarianism and single-party rule. It then asks how a single-party state could be established and maintained in the United States. Specifically, it asks which political ideology could be used to establish single-party control and how the opposition would be handled to ensure that control is maintained.
The Civil Rights Movement: Figures and Photographs
The Civil Rights Movement aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key figures and events that advanced civil rights included Martin Luther King Jr. and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Grassroots organizing and nonviolent protests were important tactics used by civil rights activists to bring national attention to the injustice of racial inequality and push for legislative change.
Hitler - Nazi Domestic Policies
This document discusses various aspects of domestic policy and society in Nazi Germany. It begins by asking whether governments should control school curricula and the purpose of history teaching. It then examines: unemployment rates falling due to labor programs and rearmament; high participation in cultural and leisure activities organized by the German Labor Front; economic recovery through debt cancellation and seizure of private property. It discusses the roles of women, youth and education/indoctrination. Finally, it outlines state control of arts/culture, persecution of minorities, and creation of a police state through the SS and Gestapo.
The Soviet Woman
The document discusses women in the USSR after the revolution, noting that abortion was legalized, contraceptives were available, education for women increased substantially, and social services like healthcare and childcare were established to support women who worked outside the home. It encourages Soviet women to join the workforce to help fulfill the country's Five-Year Plan more quickly and contribute to the national struggle, while also acknowledging this may present new problems for women and society.
How is History created?
The document discusses the concept of history and what constitutes the historical account. It notes that history includes all past actions and thoughts but the historical account is limited to events that were observed, remembered, and had surviving records created, as unrecorded or unavailable information is lost to history. The historical account is defined as including only events for which believable records exist that can be used in a given account.
Scientists, Patriotism, and Moral Responsibility
Scientists have a moral responsibility in how they apply their work. Fritz Haber helped develop chemical weapons during WWI but also invented a process to synthesize ammonia that revolutionized fertilizer production and helped feed millions. The impact of scientific discoveries is complex, with both benefits and risks, so scientists must carefully consider potential consequences of their work.
WWII Social Groups - Hardships and Opportunities
During World War II, Americans faced both opportunities and hardships based on their race, ethnicity, gender or background. The document discusses the experiences of African Americans, Jewish Americans, Mexicans and Mexican Americans, Native Americans, Women, American GIs, Japanese Americans, and Children during this time period. It also mentions how the war effort impacted communities in Portland and the region through the Kaiser Shipyards, creation of the town of Vanport, and scrap drives and shifts in school curriculum to support the war.
WWII - Anti-Japanese Sentiment and Propaganda
This document summarizes a survey of college freshmen's knowledge of WWII and perceptions of the Japanese. It found that most students could not name key Allied leaders or battles. It also discusses how wartime propaganda dehumanized Japanese people and led many Americans to view them as treacherous, warlike, and subhuman. The internment of Japanese Americans is also covered.
WWII Maps
This webpage provides an overview of maps and their uses. Maps are drawings or diagrams that show what places look like from above. They help people find their way around and learn about different places. Maps use symbols, pictures, words and numbers to represent real things like roads, cities, rivers and mountains.
Causes of The Great Depression
The document discusses a speech given by President Herbert Hoover in 1928 about the choice between capitalism and socialism in the aftermath of World War I. Hoover argues that the American system of individualism has led to unprecedented prosperity and near elimination of poverty. The speech touts progress over the past seven years as proof of the success of the American economic system.
Comparing Washington Dubois and Garvey
This document provides excerpts from and about influential African American leaders Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Marcus Garvey. It highlights their differing philosophies on issues like accommodation, civil rights, pan-Africanism, and black nationalism. Washington advocated for accommodation and focused on industrial education, while Du Bois co-founded the NAACP and advocated directly confronting issues of racial inequality. Garvey founded the UNIA and advocated for black pride, pan-Africanism, and the creation of an independent black nation in Africa. The excerpts show their debates around strategies for advancing civil rights and racial uplift in the early 20th century.
Lynching
This document discusses the history of lynching in the United States from 1880 to 1950. It notes that lynching was used to terrorize the black population and reinforce racist beliefs and social hierarchies. Lynching occurred in almost every state, with over 50% taking place in 5 southern states. Victims were often mistaken in their identities. Police often participated in lynchings or turned a blind eye. The song "Strange Fruit" by Billie Holiday powerfully depicted the horrors of lynching.
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Authoritarian and single party states political spectrum
Authoritarian and single party states political spectrum
The Civil Rights Movement: Figures and Photographs
The Civil Rights Movement: Figures and Photographs
The Fourteen Points and The Treaty of Versailles
- 1. The Fourteen Points Write a list of points or rules for countries. These rules should be designed to prevent future wars. •Financial payments? •Militaries? •Territory? •Alliances? •New peacekeeping organizations? •Blame or responsibility for starting war?
- 2. German Territorial Losses After the Treaty of Versailles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:German_losses_after_WWI.svg
- 3. The main terms of the Versailles Treaty were: 1. The surrender of all German colonies to be controlled by the newly created League of Nations 2. The return of Alsace-Lorraine (German/French border) to France 3. German land used to create the new countries of Czechoslovakia and Poland; 4. Elections to be held in northern Schleswig (Denmark) to settle the Danish-German frontier 5. Demilitarization and a fifteen-year occupation of the Rhineland 6. German reparations of 32 billion (almost 400 billion today) 7. A ban on an alliance between Germany and Austria 8. An acceptance of Germany's guilt in causing the war 9. Trial of the former Kaiser and other war leaders 10. Limitation of Germany's army to 100,000 men with no conscription, no tanks, no heavy artillery, no poison-gas supplies, no aircraft and no airships. The limitation of the German Navy to vessels under 100,000 tons, with no submarines
- 4. Treaty of Versailles and Germany League of Territorial Military War Guilt Nations Losses Restrictions • Germany and • Alsace-Lorraine • Limited the size of • All guilt placed on Austria excluded returned to FRA Germany’s military Germany • Germany • Can’t import •Forced to pay surrendered colonies weapons reparations • No airplanes, submarines, tanks,
Editor's Notes
- Reparations—This amount would have taken until 1984 for Germany to pay off.