Evaluating the performance of improved sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) ...Innspub Net
Field trials were conducted in the 2014 rainy season at the Teaching and Research Farm of Bayero University, Kano (11°58’N and 8°25’E) and Agricultural Research Station Farm, Minjibir (12°11’N and 8°32’E). The objective of the study wasto evaluate the performance of improved sweetpotato lines with a view to identify those that may be adaptable with high yielding potential in the study area.The treatments consisted of 16 sweetpotato advanced lines: Centennial, AYT/08/055, TIS8164, TIS87/0087, NRSP12/097, UMUSPO/2, UMOSPO/1, SOLOMON-1, EA/11/022, EA/11/025, EA/11/003, UM/11/015, NRSP/12/095, UM/11/001, UM/11/022, and a local check
(Kantayiidda). These were laid out in a Randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Significant differences were observed in number of roots per plant, number of marketable roots, number of pencil roots, flesh colour, root shape and root yield. Kantayiidda produced significantly (p<0.05) higher root yield (10315kg/Ha) than all other lines. Solomon-1, Umuspo/1, EA/11/022, UM/11/001 and TIS87/0087 were found to be promising among the advanced lines evaluated; thus could relatively compete with Kantayiidda local for adaptation and high root yield in the study area. Get full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Germination percentage and growing behavior of Salix tetrasperma (Willow) as ...Innspub Net
Propagation through branch cuttings is one of the best methods to produced tree nursery the yield of the tree produced from a cutting can be higher then a tree produced from seedlings, the conditions provided to them are important factor for getting good results. The aim of this study was to find the best size of cuttings for establishment of nursery and also to compare their performance in open air or in artificial conditions under plastic sheets cuttings of 2 inches, 4 and 6 of Salix tetrasperma were raised in plastic bags of size 3x7 their were three treatments with 25 bags in each and replicated 4 times. The data on sprouting percentage, plant height, root development etc was recorded after every two weeks. The data thus collected was analyzed statically using randomized complete block design. Result showed that cutting of 2 inches has high sprouting percentage and growth behavior as compared to other cuttings. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Maize Phenology and Crop Stand in Response to Mulching and Furrow Irrigation ...Premier Publishers
The field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mulching materials and furrow irrigation methods on phenology and crop stand of maize at Werer, Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia during 2017/18 cool cropping season. Split plot design with three replications, in which the irrigation methods (Conventional, Fixed and Alternate Furrow) were assigned to main plot and the three mulching materials (plastic, straw and no mulch), were to the sub-plot. Result showed that maize phenology and crop stand was affected by different furrow irrigation methods and mulching materials. But interaction of irrigation methods and mulch had no significant effect on maize phenology and crop stand except days to phenological maturity. Conventional furrow irrigation took less days to emergence (8.4 days) and tasseling (66.67 days). Plastic mulch took less day to emergence (6.9 days), tasseling (62.67 days) and silking (69 days) respectively. Physiological maturity (114.3 days) arrived earlier in fixed furrow with plastic mulch. The conventional furrow irrigation (29600ha-1) and white plastic mulch (29956ha-1) resulted in the maximum maize stand. In conclusion, conventional furrow irrigation and plastic mulching had improved phenological stages and maize crop stand at Werer and other similar agro ecology.
Evaluating the performance of improved sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) ...Innspub Net
Field trials were conducted in the 2014 rainy season at the Teaching and Research Farm of Bayero University, Kano (11°58’N and 8°25’E) and Agricultural Research Station Farm, Minjibir (12°11’N and 8°32’E). The objective of the study wasto evaluate the performance of improved sweetpotato lines with a view to identify those that may be adaptable with high yielding potential in the study area.The treatments consisted of 16 sweetpotato advanced lines: Centennial, AYT/08/055, TIS8164, TIS87/0087, NRSP12/097, UMUSPO/2, UMOSPO/1, SOLOMON-1, EA/11/022, EA/11/025, EA/11/003, UM/11/015, NRSP/12/095, UM/11/001, UM/11/022, and a local check
(Kantayiidda). These were laid out in a Randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Significant differences were observed in number of roots per plant, number of marketable roots, number of pencil roots, flesh colour, root shape and root yield. Kantayiidda produced significantly (p<0.05) higher root yield (10315kg/Ha) than all other lines. Solomon-1, Umuspo/1, EA/11/022, UM/11/001 and TIS87/0087 were found to be promising among the advanced lines evaluated; thus could relatively compete with Kantayiidda local for adaptation and high root yield in the study area. Get full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Germination percentage and growing behavior of Salix tetrasperma (Willow) as ...Innspub Net
Propagation through branch cuttings is one of the best methods to produced tree nursery the yield of the tree produced from a cutting can be higher then a tree produced from seedlings, the conditions provided to them are important factor for getting good results. The aim of this study was to find the best size of cuttings for establishment of nursery and also to compare their performance in open air or in artificial conditions under plastic sheets cuttings of 2 inches, 4 and 6 of Salix tetrasperma were raised in plastic bags of size 3x7 their were three treatments with 25 bags in each and replicated 4 times. The data on sprouting percentage, plant height, root development etc was recorded after every two weeks. The data thus collected was analyzed statically using randomized complete block design. Result showed that cutting of 2 inches has high sprouting percentage and growth behavior as compared to other cuttings. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Maize Phenology and Crop Stand in Response to Mulching and Furrow Irrigation ...Premier Publishers
The field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mulching materials and furrow irrigation methods on phenology and crop stand of maize at Werer, Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia during 2017/18 cool cropping season. Split plot design with three replications, in which the irrigation methods (Conventional, Fixed and Alternate Furrow) were assigned to main plot and the three mulching materials (plastic, straw and no mulch), were to the sub-plot. Result showed that maize phenology and crop stand was affected by different furrow irrigation methods and mulching materials. But interaction of irrigation methods and mulch had no significant effect on maize phenology and crop stand except days to phenological maturity. Conventional furrow irrigation took less days to emergence (8.4 days) and tasseling (66.67 days). Plastic mulch took less day to emergence (6.9 days), tasseling (62.67 days) and silking (69 days) respectively. Physiological maturity (114.3 days) arrived earlier in fixed furrow with plastic mulch. The conventional furrow irrigation (29600ha-1) and white plastic mulch (29956ha-1) resulted in the maximum maize stand. In conclusion, conventional furrow irrigation and plastic mulching had improved phenological stages and maize crop stand at Werer and other similar agro ecology.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and intra-row spacing on yield and yield ...Premier Publishers
A field experiment was conducted at Gode Polytechnic College demonstration farm in 2013 under irrigation to observe the effect of six N rates (0, 46, 69, 92, 115 and 138 kg ha-1) and four intra-row spacing levels (7.5, 10 12.5 and 15 cm) on yield and yield components of onion (Allium cepa L.). The experiment was laid out according to randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Results of the analysis revealed that the interaction effects of N rates and intra-row spacing showed highly significant (P<0.01) effect on harvest index, fresh biomass yield, dry biomass yield, total bulb yield and marketable bulb yield. Thus, according to the result of partial Budget analysis application of 138kg N ha-1 planted at 7.5cm plant to plant distance was found the best treatment than others in relation to yield and yield components of onion under Gode condition.
Impacts of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculation Configurations on...AI Publications
The main objective of this study is determine the responses of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L). Verdc.] to application methods of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria inoculant and time of sowing after inoculation in Agbani area of Enugu, South East Nigeria. Field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology in 2015 and 2016 planting season. The experiment was a 2 × 3 factorial trial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of two different rhizobacteria inoculant application methods (seed applied method and soil applied method) and three different periods of sowing after inoculation (0 min, 15 mins and 30 mins) in all possible combinations (six treatment The obtained results revealed that Bambara groundnut cultivated on soils fertilized with ten grams of rhizobacteria inoculant per planting hole significantly (p < 0.05) had highest vegetative growth, number of nodules per plant and yield traits in both planting season. The main effect of time of sowing indicated that plants sown 30 minutes after inoculation significantly (p < 0.05) gave the tallest plants and leaf area index per plant in 2015 and 2016 planting season than the other time regime. The interaction effect of rhizobacteria inoculant application methods and time of sowing after inoculation were observed to be significant (p < 0.05) in 2015 and 2016 planting season. The results showed that the plants on soil with combined use of soil applied method of inoculation treatment and 30 minutes after inocualtion before planting significantly (p < 0.05) had the highest vegetative growth, number of nodules per plant and yield parameters than the other interaction effect. The combined use of soil applied method of inoculation treatment and 30 minutes after inocualtion before planting is recommended for the cultivation of Bambara groundnut in Agbani Area South East Nigeria.
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of sesame ...Premier Publishers
The productivity of sesame crop is low due to poor agronomic practice and inappropriate use of fertilizers in Gode district. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted under irrigation in the demonstration farm of Gode Polytechnic College, in 2014. The objective was to observe the effect of five N rates (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92kg ha-1) and three sesame varieties (Adi, Barsan and Mehado-80) on yield and yield components of sesame (Sesamumindicum L.). The experiment was designed according to randomized complete blocks in factorial arrangement with three replications. Results of the analysis revealed that the interaction effects of N rates and sesame varieties were highly significant (P<0.01) in relation to number of capsules per plant-1, thousand seed weight, aerial dry biomass weight, seed yield and harvest index. Barsan variety at 46 kg N ha-1 had significantly higher number of capsules plant-1 (46.07) and seed yield (2.08 t ha-1) and harvest index (0.24) than other interactions. Similar trend was observed in 1000 seed weight also except there was no significant difference with Mehado-80 variety at 69 kg N ha-1. Mehado-80 variety at 92 kg N ha-1 had highest aerial dry biomass yield which was statistically at par with Adi at 92 kg N ha-1 and Barsan from 46 to 92 kg N ha-1.Thus, according to the results of partial budget analysis, application of 46kg N ha-1 in Barsan variety was the best interaction than others in relation to yield and yield components of sesame under Gode conditions.
Effect of Transplanting date on the Growth and Yield of Aromatic Rice in Irri...iosrjce
A field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm
Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the irrigated ecosystem in December, 2009 to May 2010, with a view to study
the performance of aromatic fine rice under different date of transplanting. The experiment was carried out with
four aromatic fine rice (V1= Chinisagar, V2= Chiniatab, V3= Basmati, V4=Awnless Minicat) and three different
date of transplanting (D1=20 January, D2=5 February, D3=20 February). The experiment was laid out in splitplot
design with three replications assigning four varieties in the main plot and the three different transplanting
dates in the sub plot. Aromatic fine rice and dates of transplanting individually showed significant effect on the
agronomic parameters. Among the aromatic fine rice Awnless Minicat gave the highest yield (3.10 t ha-1
) but
that was at per with those of Basmati (1.77 t ha-1
). Transplantation on 20 January gave the highest grain yield
(2.41 t ha-1 ) which was at per with the transplantation on 5 February (1.99 t ha-1 ).The result revealed that 20 January and 5 February produced highest grain yield by all the variety. In later date of transplanting 20 February produced lower grain yield.
Screening and Selection of Drought-Tolerant Groundnut Varieties Based on Yiel...Premier Publishers
Drought is the most important abiotic limitation to groundnut production in Northern Ghana. Drought, during the pod-filling stages is even more devastating. The current study was conducted to screen groundnut varieties, for drought-tolerance based on yield and other traits. Evaluation of groundnut genotypes was under two environments/water regimes; well-watered and water-stressed. ANOVA was run for Quantitative data. Means were separated by l.s.d. at 95% confidence level. Correlation analyses were performed using SPSS. Combined analysis of variance was computed for the groundnuts across water regimes. Dendrograms were generated using yield data and based on Euclidean distance. Scoring and ranking was used to assess disease incidence on a scale of 1-5. Results indicate that end-of-season drought caused pod yield reduction that varied across genotypes. The Drought Tolerance Index ranged from 0.53 (Kpanieli) to 2.40 (Agric-Manipinta). The highest yielding genotypes under water-stressed condition were Sinkara (582g/plot), Nkatie-sari (512g/plot), Ndogba (470g/plot), Chaco-pag (400g/plot) and Oboshie (381g/plot) and Chinese (local) (340g/plot). Farmers’ selected Sinkara, Ndogba, Chinese, Nkatie-sari, Agric-Manipinta and Chaco-pag based on pod yield and biomass production. Sinkara (0.8798), Sokan-donworor (0.8739), Kpach-Isah (0.8318) and Kpanieli (0.8016) recorded very high mean pod harvest index values, while Ndogba recorded the lowest (0.2252). Combined analysis of variance for pod yield among all the genotypes indicate that the groundnuts performed differently in both water regimes due to the significant interaction effect observed between water regimes and genotypes. Information generated from this study can be used to develop new groundnut varieties that combine higher yield and drought tolerant traits.
2 ijhaf dec-2017-3-effect of biochar issued fromAI Publications
Cassava is an important food crop cultivated (75%) by smallholder farmers. However, yields are very low and rarely exceed 17tons/ha-1. A study was carried out at Nkolbisson in the humid forest zone (HFZ) of Cameroon to assess the effect of three types of biochar issued from Cassava (CSb), Ricehusk (RHb), and Corncob (CCb) on the root yield of variety 8034 cassava cultivated along a soil fertility gradient. The biochars were produced using an Elsa pyrolysis technology with carbonisation time of 50-58mins and temperature ranging from 400-6500C. Twelve 8m2 plots were constructed in three sites from the higher elevated, moderately elevated and flat fields.The biochars were applied at 20t.ha-1in three replicationsin a completely randomized design.Results showed that the biochars were high in nutrients containing 4.17-18.15g.kg-1 N, 22.26-42.51 mg.kg-1 P, 2.48-4.18 cmol.kg-1 K and pH (H2O: 7.78-10.81) and were significantly higher than the no-input soil containing 0.79g.kg-1 N, 7.41mg.kg-1 P, 1.42 cmol.kg-1 K and pH (5.68). Cassava root yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in RHb plots (23.22 t.ha-1) than CCb (20.53 t.ha-1), CSb (18.67 t.ha-1) and the no-input soil (16.13 t.ha-1). The addition of biochar particularly RHb, increasednutrient uptake in cassava leaves and roots compared with theno-input soil. The study concludes that biochars with higher N, Pand K content tend to increase cassava root yield and suggestsincreasing the quantity of biochar to 40t/ha-1or continuous application in combination with other farming options such as poultry manure, compost or mineral fertilizer tomaximize cassava productivity given the benefits of biochar.
Snap bean is a warm-season crop harvested for its immature seed pods. In Ethiopia its production increased from time to time for both export and local markets. A field experiment was conducted at the research field of JUCAVM, during 2017 cropping season using irrigation aiming to improve the quality of snap bean. Five levels of N (0, 41, 82, 123, and 164 kg ha−1) and four levels of P (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg ha−1) were laid down in a randomized complete block design with three replications. N was applied in two equal splits (50% at planting and 50% during flowering) as Urea and the entire dose of P was applied basal as triple super phosphate at sowing. In this experiment pod length, pod diameter, pod protein concentration, pod straightness and marketable pod yield were measured as quality parameters. The results revealed that the main effects of N and P fertilizer rates showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for all quality parameters except for percentage of pod protein concentration and straightness of pod. Accordingly, the interaction effects of N and P were significant for percent of pod protein concentration and straightness of pod. Considering the major quality parameters and marketable pod yield applying 82 kg N ha −1 and 46 kg P2O5 ha−1 gave better result to increase the quality of snap bean in Jimma area. However, repeating the experiment for more seasons and similar location would help us draw sound conclusion and recommendations.
Vegetative propagation of anonidium mannii (oliver) engler & diels (annon...Innspub Net
This study tested the influence of substrate type, size surface and application of IBA auxin on rooting of stem cutting leaf of Anonidium mannii, a wild fruit species with low seed germination rate. Two trials were conducted. The first tested three substrate types that are sand, wood sawdust and rice husks. We also tested combinations of these substrates (2:2), resulting in six treatments in a randomized complete block design. The second experiment compared different cutting leaf surfaces (12.5, 25 and 37.5cm2) and auxins (IBA applied and not applied) in a split plot design. Using sand as substrate resulted in significantly higher rooting rates (62.1 ± 5.9%), while use of rice husks, even combined with other substrates, did not achieve any cutting rooting. Significant and non-significant differences were observed, respectively, with factors leaf area and auxin application. Highest rooting rates (26.70 ± 6.6%) were obtained with a leaf surface of 37.5cm² in combination with IBA application. Vegetative cutting propagation is possible for A. mannii, albeit with low rooting rates. Therefore, more targeted testing is required; addressing other parameters such as cutting type, season of cutting and increase of the leaf surface of cuttings.
Groundnut is an important oil seed crop, grown throughout the tropics and sub tropics worldwide. It is one of the three economically important oilseed crops grown in Ethiopia. Groundnut is commonly produced by small scale farmers as food and cash crops in the study area. The area has potential to the production of Ground nut for food and nutrition security as well as export commodity. However, scarcity of varieties that fit to the environment is one of the major constraints of production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate five Ground nut varieties and select early maturing varieties with considerable yield and agronomic traits. The field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at Abaya and varieties were planted in Randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data were collected on yield and important agronomic traits. The computed analysis of variance revealed significant variations among varieties for days to maturity, number of primary branches, number of pegs per plants, Grain yield and shelling percentage. The pooled over year mean of varieties indicated , Tole- 1 variety ( Check) is high yielding with mean grain yield of 4174.7kg followed by variety Sedi (3552.5kg/ha) and Babile local (3550.4kg/ha).Variety Sedi has special merit in terms of earliness and therefore recommended for moisture stress areas of Abaya and location with similar agro ecologies while Tole -1 (Standard check) is high yielding varieties and should be used in production until new varieties will be developed through selection/breeding program.
Microclimate Modification Using Eco-Friendly Nets & Floating Row Covers Improves Tomato Yield & Quality for Small Holder Farmers in East Africa; Gardening Guidebook for East Africa ~ Egerton University~ For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
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Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Determination of Arid and Temperature Resistant Sweet Corn (Zea mays sacchara...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The objective of the present study is to identify aridity and temperature resistant sweet corn variety candidates and to provide resource material for development of new hybrid varieties. The research was designed as three-peat random blocks experimental design in Siirt and Sakarya locations in 2014, and irrigation application was conducted with drip irrigation method. Mean plant water consumption in control (I100) was 808 mm and 633 mm in Siirt and Sakarya, and the mean irrigation water amount was 684 mm and 138 mm, respectively. The statistical significances of differences among soil moisture content, chlorophyll-meter value, crop water stress index, fresh corncob, and grain yield were investigated. The arid and temperature resistant sweet corn line was determined according to soil moisture content, chlorophyll-meter value, and crop water stress index. The most arid and temperature resistant corn line, variety line #2, had the lowest moisture content and crop water stress index value but the highest chlorophyll-meter value. We found that to determine the arid and temperature resistant corn lines, soil moisture content values can also be used together with chlorophyll-meter values and crop water stress index.
Este ensayo es un estudio de Internet y la WWW. Partimos de los aspectos arquitectónicos básicos de su ingeniería, explicando el modelo ISO en el que se basan los protocolos y los lenguajes de los procesos de transmisión de información de las redes. En la siguiente sección analizamos las instituciones que gestionan, desarrollan y controlan su funcionamiento: orígenes, composición, funcionamiento, ideología, etc. En la última sección exploramos la dimensión económico-política de Internet y su papel en el sistema capitalista actual, entendido como ‘globalización’, ‘fin de la historia’ o ‘Imperio’.
This essay is a study of the Internet and the WWW. We start from the basic architectural aspects of engineering, explaining the ISO model in which protocols are based languages and processes of transmission networks. In the next section we analyze the institutions that manage, develop and control its operation: origins, composition, performance, ideology, etc. In the last section we explore the economic and political dimension of the Internet and its role in the current capitalist system, understood as 'globalization', 'end of history' or 'Empire'.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and intra-row spacing on yield and yield ...Premier Publishers
A field experiment was conducted at Gode Polytechnic College demonstration farm in 2013 under irrigation to observe the effect of six N rates (0, 46, 69, 92, 115 and 138 kg ha-1) and four intra-row spacing levels (7.5, 10 12.5 and 15 cm) on yield and yield components of onion (Allium cepa L.). The experiment was laid out according to randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Results of the analysis revealed that the interaction effects of N rates and intra-row spacing showed highly significant (P<0.01) effect on harvest index, fresh biomass yield, dry biomass yield, total bulb yield and marketable bulb yield. Thus, according to the result of partial Budget analysis application of 138kg N ha-1 planted at 7.5cm plant to plant distance was found the best treatment than others in relation to yield and yield components of onion under Gode condition.
Impacts of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculation Configurations on...AI Publications
The main objective of this study is determine the responses of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L). Verdc.] to application methods of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria inoculant and time of sowing after inoculation in Agbani area of Enugu, South East Nigeria. Field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology in 2015 and 2016 planting season. The experiment was a 2 × 3 factorial trial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of two different rhizobacteria inoculant application methods (seed applied method and soil applied method) and three different periods of sowing after inoculation (0 min, 15 mins and 30 mins) in all possible combinations (six treatment The obtained results revealed that Bambara groundnut cultivated on soils fertilized with ten grams of rhizobacteria inoculant per planting hole significantly (p < 0.05) had highest vegetative growth, number of nodules per plant and yield traits in both planting season. The main effect of time of sowing indicated that plants sown 30 minutes after inoculation significantly (p < 0.05) gave the tallest plants and leaf area index per plant in 2015 and 2016 planting season than the other time regime. The interaction effect of rhizobacteria inoculant application methods and time of sowing after inoculation were observed to be significant (p < 0.05) in 2015 and 2016 planting season. The results showed that the plants on soil with combined use of soil applied method of inoculation treatment and 30 minutes after inocualtion before planting significantly (p < 0.05) had the highest vegetative growth, number of nodules per plant and yield parameters than the other interaction effect. The combined use of soil applied method of inoculation treatment and 30 minutes after inocualtion before planting is recommended for the cultivation of Bambara groundnut in Agbani Area South East Nigeria.
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of sesame ...Premier Publishers
The productivity of sesame crop is low due to poor agronomic practice and inappropriate use of fertilizers in Gode district. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted under irrigation in the demonstration farm of Gode Polytechnic College, in 2014. The objective was to observe the effect of five N rates (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92kg ha-1) and three sesame varieties (Adi, Barsan and Mehado-80) on yield and yield components of sesame (Sesamumindicum L.). The experiment was designed according to randomized complete blocks in factorial arrangement with three replications. Results of the analysis revealed that the interaction effects of N rates and sesame varieties were highly significant (P<0.01) in relation to number of capsules per plant-1, thousand seed weight, aerial dry biomass weight, seed yield and harvest index. Barsan variety at 46 kg N ha-1 had significantly higher number of capsules plant-1 (46.07) and seed yield (2.08 t ha-1) and harvest index (0.24) than other interactions. Similar trend was observed in 1000 seed weight also except there was no significant difference with Mehado-80 variety at 69 kg N ha-1. Mehado-80 variety at 92 kg N ha-1 had highest aerial dry biomass yield which was statistically at par with Adi at 92 kg N ha-1 and Barsan from 46 to 92 kg N ha-1.Thus, according to the results of partial budget analysis, application of 46kg N ha-1 in Barsan variety was the best interaction than others in relation to yield and yield components of sesame under Gode conditions.
Effect of Transplanting date on the Growth and Yield of Aromatic Rice in Irri...iosrjce
A field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm
Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the irrigated ecosystem in December, 2009 to May 2010, with a view to study
the performance of aromatic fine rice under different date of transplanting. The experiment was carried out with
four aromatic fine rice (V1= Chinisagar, V2= Chiniatab, V3= Basmati, V4=Awnless Minicat) and three different
date of transplanting (D1=20 January, D2=5 February, D3=20 February). The experiment was laid out in splitplot
design with three replications assigning four varieties in the main plot and the three different transplanting
dates in the sub plot. Aromatic fine rice and dates of transplanting individually showed significant effect on the
agronomic parameters. Among the aromatic fine rice Awnless Minicat gave the highest yield (3.10 t ha-1
) but
that was at per with those of Basmati (1.77 t ha-1
). Transplantation on 20 January gave the highest grain yield
(2.41 t ha-1 ) which was at per with the transplantation on 5 February (1.99 t ha-1 ).The result revealed that 20 January and 5 February produced highest grain yield by all the variety. In later date of transplanting 20 February produced lower grain yield.
Screening and Selection of Drought-Tolerant Groundnut Varieties Based on Yiel...Premier Publishers
Drought is the most important abiotic limitation to groundnut production in Northern Ghana. Drought, during the pod-filling stages is even more devastating. The current study was conducted to screen groundnut varieties, for drought-tolerance based on yield and other traits. Evaluation of groundnut genotypes was under two environments/water regimes; well-watered and water-stressed. ANOVA was run for Quantitative data. Means were separated by l.s.d. at 95% confidence level. Correlation analyses were performed using SPSS. Combined analysis of variance was computed for the groundnuts across water regimes. Dendrograms were generated using yield data and based on Euclidean distance. Scoring and ranking was used to assess disease incidence on a scale of 1-5. Results indicate that end-of-season drought caused pod yield reduction that varied across genotypes. The Drought Tolerance Index ranged from 0.53 (Kpanieli) to 2.40 (Agric-Manipinta). The highest yielding genotypes under water-stressed condition were Sinkara (582g/plot), Nkatie-sari (512g/plot), Ndogba (470g/plot), Chaco-pag (400g/plot) and Oboshie (381g/plot) and Chinese (local) (340g/plot). Farmers’ selected Sinkara, Ndogba, Chinese, Nkatie-sari, Agric-Manipinta and Chaco-pag based on pod yield and biomass production. Sinkara (0.8798), Sokan-donworor (0.8739), Kpach-Isah (0.8318) and Kpanieli (0.8016) recorded very high mean pod harvest index values, while Ndogba recorded the lowest (0.2252). Combined analysis of variance for pod yield among all the genotypes indicate that the groundnuts performed differently in both water regimes due to the significant interaction effect observed between water regimes and genotypes. Information generated from this study can be used to develop new groundnut varieties that combine higher yield and drought tolerant traits.
2 ijhaf dec-2017-3-effect of biochar issued fromAI Publications
Cassava is an important food crop cultivated (75%) by smallholder farmers. However, yields are very low and rarely exceed 17tons/ha-1. A study was carried out at Nkolbisson in the humid forest zone (HFZ) of Cameroon to assess the effect of three types of biochar issued from Cassava (CSb), Ricehusk (RHb), and Corncob (CCb) on the root yield of variety 8034 cassava cultivated along a soil fertility gradient. The biochars were produced using an Elsa pyrolysis technology with carbonisation time of 50-58mins and temperature ranging from 400-6500C. Twelve 8m2 plots were constructed in three sites from the higher elevated, moderately elevated and flat fields.The biochars were applied at 20t.ha-1in three replicationsin a completely randomized design.Results showed that the biochars were high in nutrients containing 4.17-18.15g.kg-1 N, 22.26-42.51 mg.kg-1 P, 2.48-4.18 cmol.kg-1 K and pH (H2O: 7.78-10.81) and were significantly higher than the no-input soil containing 0.79g.kg-1 N, 7.41mg.kg-1 P, 1.42 cmol.kg-1 K and pH (5.68). Cassava root yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in RHb plots (23.22 t.ha-1) than CCb (20.53 t.ha-1), CSb (18.67 t.ha-1) and the no-input soil (16.13 t.ha-1). The addition of biochar particularly RHb, increasednutrient uptake in cassava leaves and roots compared with theno-input soil. The study concludes that biochars with higher N, Pand K content tend to increase cassava root yield and suggestsincreasing the quantity of biochar to 40t/ha-1or continuous application in combination with other farming options such as poultry manure, compost or mineral fertilizer tomaximize cassava productivity given the benefits of biochar.
Snap bean is a warm-season crop harvested for its immature seed pods. In Ethiopia its production increased from time to time for both export and local markets. A field experiment was conducted at the research field of JUCAVM, during 2017 cropping season using irrigation aiming to improve the quality of snap bean. Five levels of N (0, 41, 82, 123, and 164 kg ha−1) and four levels of P (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg ha−1) were laid down in a randomized complete block design with three replications. N was applied in two equal splits (50% at planting and 50% during flowering) as Urea and the entire dose of P was applied basal as triple super phosphate at sowing. In this experiment pod length, pod diameter, pod protein concentration, pod straightness and marketable pod yield were measured as quality parameters. The results revealed that the main effects of N and P fertilizer rates showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for all quality parameters except for percentage of pod protein concentration and straightness of pod. Accordingly, the interaction effects of N and P were significant for percent of pod protein concentration and straightness of pod. Considering the major quality parameters and marketable pod yield applying 82 kg N ha −1 and 46 kg P2O5 ha−1 gave better result to increase the quality of snap bean in Jimma area. However, repeating the experiment for more seasons and similar location would help us draw sound conclusion and recommendations.
Vegetative propagation of anonidium mannii (oliver) engler & diels (annon...Innspub Net
This study tested the influence of substrate type, size surface and application of IBA auxin on rooting of stem cutting leaf of Anonidium mannii, a wild fruit species with low seed germination rate. Two trials were conducted. The first tested three substrate types that are sand, wood sawdust and rice husks. We also tested combinations of these substrates (2:2), resulting in six treatments in a randomized complete block design. The second experiment compared different cutting leaf surfaces (12.5, 25 and 37.5cm2) and auxins (IBA applied and not applied) in a split plot design. Using sand as substrate resulted in significantly higher rooting rates (62.1 ± 5.9%), while use of rice husks, even combined with other substrates, did not achieve any cutting rooting. Significant and non-significant differences were observed, respectively, with factors leaf area and auxin application. Highest rooting rates (26.70 ± 6.6%) were obtained with a leaf surface of 37.5cm² in combination with IBA application. Vegetative cutting propagation is possible for A. mannii, albeit with low rooting rates. Therefore, more targeted testing is required; addressing other parameters such as cutting type, season of cutting and increase of the leaf surface of cuttings.
Groundnut is an important oil seed crop, grown throughout the tropics and sub tropics worldwide. It is one of the three economically important oilseed crops grown in Ethiopia. Groundnut is commonly produced by small scale farmers as food and cash crops in the study area. The area has potential to the production of Ground nut for food and nutrition security as well as export commodity. However, scarcity of varieties that fit to the environment is one of the major constraints of production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate five Ground nut varieties and select early maturing varieties with considerable yield and agronomic traits. The field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at Abaya and varieties were planted in Randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data were collected on yield and important agronomic traits. The computed analysis of variance revealed significant variations among varieties for days to maturity, number of primary branches, number of pegs per plants, Grain yield and shelling percentage. The pooled over year mean of varieties indicated , Tole- 1 variety ( Check) is high yielding with mean grain yield of 4174.7kg followed by variety Sedi (3552.5kg/ha) and Babile local (3550.4kg/ha).Variety Sedi has special merit in terms of earliness and therefore recommended for moisture stress areas of Abaya and location with similar agro ecologies while Tole -1 (Standard check) is high yielding varieties and should be used in production until new varieties will be developed through selection/breeding program.
Microclimate Modification Using Eco-Friendly Nets & Floating Row Covers Improves Tomato Yield & Quality for Small Holder Farmers in East Africa; Gardening Guidebook for East Africa ~ Egerton University~ For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
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Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
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Determination of Arid and Temperature Resistant Sweet Corn (Zea mays sacchara...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The objective of the present study is to identify aridity and temperature resistant sweet corn variety candidates and to provide resource material for development of new hybrid varieties. The research was designed as three-peat random blocks experimental design in Siirt and Sakarya locations in 2014, and irrigation application was conducted with drip irrigation method. Mean plant water consumption in control (I100) was 808 mm and 633 mm in Siirt and Sakarya, and the mean irrigation water amount was 684 mm and 138 mm, respectively. The statistical significances of differences among soil moisture content, chlorophyll-meter value, crop water stress index, fresh corncob, and grain yield were investigated. The arid and temperature resistant sweet corn line was determined according to soil moisture content, chlorophyll-meter value, and crop water stress index. The most arid and temperature resistant corn line, variety line #2, had the lowest moisture content and crop water stress index value but the highest chlorophyll-meter value. We found that to determine the arid and temperature resistant corn lines, soil moisture content values can also be used together with chlorophyll-meter values and crop water stress index.
Este ensayo es un estudio de Internet y la WWW. Partimos de los aspectos arquitectónicos básicos de su ingeniería, explicando el modelo ISO en el que se basan los protocolos y los lenguajes de los procesos de transmisión de información de las redes. En la siguiente sección analizamos las instituciones que gestionan, desarrollan y controlan su funcionamiento: orígenes, composición, funcionamiento, ideología, etc. En la última sección exploramos la dimensión económico-política de Internet y su papel en el sistema capitalista actual, entendido como ‘globalización’, ‘fin de la historia’ o ‘Imperio’.
This essay is a study of the Internet and the WWW. We start from the basic architectural aspects of engineering, explaining the ISO model in which protocols are based languages and processes of transmission networks. In the next section we analyze the institutions that manage, develop and control its operation: origins, composition, performance, ideology, etc. In the last section we explore the economic and political dimension of the Internet and its role in the current capitalist system, understood as 'globalization', 'end of history' or 'Empire'.
Overview presentation of Computas solutions for oil & gas customers, given at the Subsea Valley Conference and Exhibition, Fornebu, Norway on April 15-16, 2015.
Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Under Different Supplementary Irri...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Field experiment was conducted in Humera in 2015 main cropping season in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) to study the performance of sesame under different supplementary irrigation applications and nitrogen fertilizer rates. The study consists of four levels of nitrogen fertilizer rates (0kg N2/ha, 23kgN2/ha, 37.5kgN2/ha and 46kgN2/ha) and three levels of supplementary irrigation; rain-fed (I0), four irrigations (I4), and six irrigations (I6). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in two splits, with the first half at sowing and the remaining half 30 days after emergence. Data on plant height, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand seed weight, harvest index, aboveground biomass and grain yield were recorded. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), in indicated that application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly (p<0.05) affected sesame grain yield. The highest grain yield 423.4kg/ ha, and 455kg/ha was obtained from application of 46kg nitrogen per hectare, and six supplementary irrigation. The results obtained in this experiment showed that, application of supplementary irrigation could be an important climate change adaptation strategy in areas where onset and cessation of rainfall occur.
Fertility Levels of Soils under Selected Tree Vegetations for Efficient Agro-...AI Publications
In many parts of Nigeria, large areas of lands are dominated by tree crop vegetations for timber production and for fruits with land users not knowing the fertility status of soils in these vegetations. Continual evaluation of soil properties of these tree vegetations has become pertinent for agricultural sustainability. This study therefore was carried out to evaluate the fertility levels of soils under selected tree vegetations at National Horticultural Research Institute Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria. Five tree vegetations that were over 20 years of establishment were selected namely: oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth), African breadfruit (Treculia africana), mango (Mangnifera indica), Ogbonu (Irvingia gabonensis) and orange (citrus spp). In each of these tree vegetations, four soil samples were collected at uniform depths (0 – 20, 20 – 40 and 40 – 60 cm) at different locations using soil auger. The samples were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. Data collected were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance. Results obtained showed that despite the ages of these vegetations, the soils were acidic, low in macronutrient and basic cation concentrations when compared to FAO standard. The highest exchangeable bases and organic matter (1.78%) was recorded on bread fruit vegetation. Therefore, there is need to increase the fertility status of these soils in these tree crop vegetations by adopting measures that will boost organic matter content of the soil irrespective of the duration of the vegetation and this will help in agro forestry and alley cropping.
A comparative study on the response of six maize hybrids: two
hybrids each from the 1980s (8321-21 and 8425-8), 1990s (9801-11 and 9803-2)
and 2000s (0103-11 and 0103-15) to sub-optimal and optimal nitrogen fertilization
was conducted in Oke-Oyi, Nigeria. The trials were set up in a split plot with three
nitrogen levels (0, 30 and 90 kg N ha-1) as a main plot and six hybrids as sub-plots.
Significant interactions were observed between hybrid and N level for all
characters, with increasing in variation as the level of N decreased. Mean grain
yield reductions across eras were 73.8% at no-N and 32.6% at low-N, and those of
optimal-N fertilization were 34.3% and 15.7% for 1980s and 1990s genotypes
respectively. Depending on N treatment, grain yield varied from 0.67 to 4.89 t ha-1.
Kernel number was most severely reduced by N stress, but had positive and highly
significant (p≤0.01) correlation with grain yield at all N levels. Genetic gains in
grain yield were 42% (between 1980 and 2000 eras) and 9% (between 1990 and
2000 eras) under optimal-N fertilization. The two modern hybrids of 2000 era
(0103-11 and 0103-15) were outstanding for all the agronomic traits and leaf
chlorophyll concentration at all N levels. Improving traits associated with fertilizer
N response could accelerate rate of genetic gains in maize yields.
Adaptation and Performance Evaluation of Released Napier Grass Varieties unde...PriyankaKilaniya
Five Napier grass varieties were evaluated for agronomic performance and yield at Abobo agricultural research center under rain fed condition in Gambella. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on agronomic parameters such as plant height, survival rate, leaf to stem ratio, node number per plant, internodes length per plant, tillering performance and dry matter yield were analyzed using general linear model(GLM) procedure of SAS, least significant difference (LSD) at 5% was used for mean separation. Combined analysis indicated that tested varieties varied significantly (p<0.05) for survival rate, plant height, leaf to stem ratio, tillering performance, internodes length per plant and dry matter yield. The highest plant survival rate (86.33%) was recorded for Check followed by varieties 16819(73.60%), 16984(71.92%), and 16791(67.83%) respectively. On the other hand, variety 15743(66.67%) showed the lowest plant survival rate. The mean plant height ranges from 2.09m to 2.49m with an overall mean plant height of 2.31m. The tallest mean plant height (2.49m) was recorded in 15743 while shortest mean plan height (2.09m) was recorded in check. The mean leaf to stem ratio range from 1.71 to 1.28 with the overall mean of 1.52, and The higher leaf to stem ratio value (1.71) were recorded from check, followed by 16984(1.67), 15743(1.59), 16819(1.35) while the lowest value were recorded in 16791(1.28). In a combined analysis the mean dry matter yield range from 20.02 t/ha to 14.05 t/ha with the overall mean of 16.24 t/ha. The higher dry matter yield value (20.02 t/ha) were recorded from 16819, followed by 16791(16.77t/ha) and check (16.12t/ha) respectively. The lowest mean dry matter yield were recorded in 16984(14.05 t/ha) and 15743(14.26t/ha). Generally, Napier grass varieties tested has shown variation for agronomic performance and yield under rain fed condition in Gambella
Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application on Concentration and Uptake of ...Premier Publishers
Field study was conducted in 2015 cropping season in North Shoa, Central Highlands of Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were determining the N and P concentration in plant parts and their uptake by wheat. The treatment contained four level of N (0, 32, 64 and 96 kg/ha) and four level of P (0, 23, 46 and 69kg P2O5/ha) which were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The source of N and P were urea and TSP, respectively. Wheat variety, Digelu, was used as a test crop. Interaction of N by P produced highly significant difference on the concentration of N and P in the grain, concentration of P in the straw, P uptake by grain and total P uptake by wheat. Similarly, highly significant differences were observed on the concentration of N and P in the grain, concentration of N and P in the straw, P uptake by the grain, and total P uptake by wheat due to main effect N and P. Nitrogen uptake by straw and grain as well as total uptake were also highly significant only due to main effect N. Phosphorus uptake was only significant due to main effect N.
Evaluation of Improved Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) Varieties for Adaptation ...Premier Publishers
This study was carried out to evaluate and identify adapted improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (Fabaceae) varieties in southern tigray lowlands of Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 main cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate three improved cowpea varieties for yield and yield related traits under rain-fed conditions at Mekoni Agricultural Research Center site and Kara Adisheho farmer’s field. Analysis of variance showed that all the traits measured were statistically significant at 5% level of probability except plant height. The earliest days to 90% maturity (79 days) were observed for the variety Kenkety, whereas the longest was recorded by bole variety (89.6 days). Similarly, Kenkety variety filled their seeds in a short period of time (25 days) compared to Assebot and Bole varieties (29; 32 days). The highest pooled mean grain yield was obtained from Kenkety variety (1958 kgha-1), while Assebot and Bole had the lowest yield of 1656 and 1481 kgha-1 respectively. When we see variety × location wise mean, still Kenkety variety outsmarts in both locations over the varieties and Kara Adisheho were suitable for cowpea production with (2128 kgha-1) grain yield. Taken as a whole, Kenkety variety over weights Assebot and Bole varieties especially for the two main traits of earliness and yield performance. Thus, Kenkety was promising variety for demonstration and scaling up activities in the agro ecology.
Adaptation Trial of Improved Perennial Grass Varieties/Accessions at the High...Premier Publishers
This study was conducted with an objective of adapting, see the yield, quality and recommend improved perennial grass accessions to the highland of Guji Zone, Ethiopia in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three blocks. Accessions were (Phalaris aquatica Sirossa Phalaris aquatica Sirocco, ILCA 14983, ILCA 14984 and variety X (Holeta local). Broadcasting method for Phalaris and 0.5meter between plant and 1meter between row spacing for Napier grass was applied at planting time each plot measuring 4meter x 6meter. Yield parameters were analyzed using statistical analysis software (SAS) and the means of quality parameters were compared with standards. Accordingly, Napier variety X was significant in survival rate, number of shoot, date of first harvest and harvesting frequency at (P<0.05) and highest in crude protein (CP) content. ILCA 14983 were also significant in survival rate and number of shoot and has highest in vitro dry matter digestibility (DOMD). Phalaris aquatica Sirossa was significant in green forage yield and has highest in vitro dry matter digestibility (DOMD). Generally, considering most parameters, Variety X and ILCA 14983 from Napier grass, Phalaris aquatica Sirossa from Phalaris were selected and recommended to the area and has to be evaluated under farmers’ conditions.
A field experiments were conducted for two year (2011and 2012) at Areka Agricultural Research Center, in the South Region of Ethiopia to evaluate the response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to N and P fertilizers. Four levels of N (18, 27, 36 and 45 kg N/ ha) and three levels of P (46, 69 and 92 kg P2O5 /ha) with control were arranged in RCBD with three replications. Application of nitrogen increased significantly grain yield of common bean up to 116% than the control. And phosphorus application at a rate of 69 kg P2O5/ha increased significantly grain yield by 113% than control. The highest grain yield was obtained by the application of 45 kg N /ha and 69 kgP2O5/ha, though 45 kg N /ha rate had not cause statistically significant different grain yield than the preceding lower rates (36 and 27 kg N/ha). The economic analysis also supported that the highest net benefit of 23,110 Ethiopian Birr ETB/ha with marginal rate of return of 1270% was obtained by the application of 27 kg N/ha. Net benefit of 21,070 ETB/ha with marginal rate of return of 80% were obtained by the application of 69 kgP2O5/ha. As a result, a combined application of 27 kg N/ha and 69 kgP2O5/ha are optimum and economical for better common bean production at Areka and similar areas.
Effect of sowing year and seedbed type on yield and yield component in bambar...Innspub Net
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) is one of the most promising food legumes in Africa, due to its agronomic and nutritional potential. To take advantage of these attributes, several research programmes gathering agronomic and genetic data are being implemented throughout Africa. In this context, the responses of yield and yield components to year sowing and seedbed type were tested in a three densities (13 900 plants ha−1, 62500 plants ha−1 and 250000 plants ha−1) field experiment using a bambara groundnut landrace with a semi-bunch growth habit. Three years sowing: 2005, 2006 and 2007 were coupled with two seedbed types – raised and flat. A factorial trial using a split-plot design with three replicates was set up to analyse seed yield and plant biomass, as well as nine yield components (Plant spread, Plant height, Number of leaves per plant, Number of pods per plants, Number of seeds per plant, Pods weight per plant, Pod fill ration, Seed harvest index). The seedbed type and year of experiment did not influence significantly the marketable yield and plant biomass (p> 0.05). This result has been attributed to the suitability of the amount and distribution of rainfall and temperature for the production of bambara groundnut at the target site. Based on the trend of yield response, cultivation of landraces of bambara groundnut characterized by a semi-bunch growth habit on flat seedbeds was suggested in woodland savannas of Côte d’Ivoire to enhance seeds yield and reduce labour. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/ijaar/effect-of-sowing-year-and-seedbed-type-on-yield-and-yield-component-in-bambara-groundnut-vigna-subterranea-l-verdc-in-woodland-savannahs-of-cote-divoire/
This paper examines the effects of planting date (early planting, mid-season planting and late-season planting) and weeding regimes (two weeding before harvesting, three weeding before harvesting and weed free plots) on yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in the Tolon district of Northern Ghana. The results show that different weed species, categorized as broad leaves, grasses and sedges, were dominant depending on the planting date and weeding regime. While there was no significant interaction (p>0.05) between planting date and weeding regime on fruit yield, nor significant impact of planting date as a sole treatment on fruit yield, the results showed the existence of significant effect of weeding regime as a sole treatment on yield and yield parameters of okra (p<0.05). Triple weeding resulted in okra yields comparable to the weed-free treatments (mean of 6000 kg/ha to 6300 kg/ha, p>0.05) but significantly higher (p<0.05) and about triple the yield observed in the treatments with double weeding regimes (mean of 1800 kg/ha to 2300 kg/ha). As cost of production, besides the cost of weeding, remains same for all treatments, Triple weeding is recommended for the small-holder farmer. It is associated with less labor cost compared to continuous weeding in the weed free treatments, and the triple gains in yield could offset the additional labor cost incurred in the triple weeding compared to the double weeding regimes.
Pre Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Improved Hot Pepper Technology ...ijtsrd
The study was conducted in the Babile district of East Hararghe Zone. The objective of this activity was to evaluate the profitability of adapted and high yielder hot pepper varieties. The activity was undertaken for the consecutive two years 2017 2018 of the main cropping season. A total of 30 farmers were directly benefited from the technology. Mareko Fana and Melka Awaze improved hot pepper and local check varieties were used on a plot size of 10mx10m. The target farmers, Development Agents, and Experts of the district were trained before starting the activity. Awareness creation was done through different extension approaches and using extension materials such as field day, Field visits, manuals, and leaflets. The result showed that the Marako Fana variety gave a high grain yield of 23.73 qt ha followed by Melka Awaze 22.82 qt ha and local check 15.38 qt ha . Moreover, the varieties were identified and ranked based on the criteria set by farmers Early maturity, yield, disease tolerance, pod size, pod diameter. As a result, both Mareko Fana and Melka Awaze varieties were recommended for more promotion in the area and other similar agroecology. Oromia Megersa | Abdulaziz Teha | Bedasso Urgessa "Pre-Extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Improved Hot Pepper Technology in Babile District of Eastern Hararghe Zone" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd58575.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/58575/preextension-demonstration-and-evaluation-of-improved-hot-pepper-technology-in-babile-district-of-eastern-hararghe-zone/oromia-megersa
Impact of organic and conventional practices on, soil health and crop yield u...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study was carried out to evaluate the improvement of soil fertility and crop yield using formulated organic fertilizers in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) from October 2008 to April 2015 and the test crop was tomato, eggplant, cabbage and cauliflower. The physicochemical properties, behavior and persistence of plant beneficial microorganisms including nitrogen fixing bacteria, (e.g. Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp.), phosphate solubilizing bacteria e.g. (Bacillus sp. Pseudomonas sp., Phosphobacteria), Aspergillus sp. and Trichoderma sp., in the amended/ non-amended block were evaluated each year. The soil beneficial microbial populations and health properties including pH, nitrogen content, organic matter, phosphorus, K, Ca, and S, increased significantly in the compost-amended soils compared to the conventional practices. The total nitrogen (N) content and the organic matter of compost amended soil were 215% and 200% higher respectively than that of conventional practices (CP). Furthermore, significant increase of available organic matter, N, P, & K was observed in the compost-amended soils compared to conventional and control block. Furthermore, microbial population showed significant linear correlations with the organic matter contents of the soils and yearly vegetables yield increased gradually and was reached to almost identical to conventional field within 5 years, implying that the soil amended with BIOFER compost increased the soil fertility, and vegetables yields. Thus, application of BAOFER compost at the rate of 15 t/ha/year was found adequate in improving the vegetable yields and soil health in open field cultivation under subtropical climatic conditions.
Stem Height and Yield Response of Four Potato Varieties to Planting Density a...Premier Publishers
Field trials were conducted at Tambul in the High Altitude Research Centre in Papua New Guinea Highlands. The trials evaluated four varieties of potato, two of which are resistant to Potato Late Blight disease and bred by the International Potato Centre (E2, E24), Kumdi and PNG industry variety, Sequoia against three planting densities (PD) and three fertilizer rates (FR) in a 4x3x3 factorial design. Trials were replicated three times and repeated in three seasons at three different sites. Stem height of E24 was significantly (P<0.05) higher followed by E2, Kumdi then Sequoia respectively. Marketable and total tuber number plant-1 was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by varieties and treatments especially PD. All varieties performed high marketable and total tuber number plant-1 at moderate to low PD. Optimum marketable and total tuber yield (t ha-1) of E2, Kumdi, Sequoia and E24 were observed at high PD and moderate to high FR. High seed tubers were observed at high density and low to moderate FR. E2 and Kumdi had appropriate genetic traits resistant to PLB disease and natural aptitude to influence tall stem height cultivated using high PD and moderated to high FR resulted in healthy crop development and high yield performance.
Determination of the optimal level of the fertilizing elements N, P, K on the...Innspub Net
The objective of the test is to determine the best formula of the NPK elements for two local varieties improved of corn. The studied plant material is composed of local populations improved P1, P2. The factorial test is driven with two P1 varieties, P2 and four doses of NPK according to an experimental device in blocks of Fischer to four blocks. The doses of 20 – 10 – 10, 30 – 15 – 15, 10 – 5 – 5 and 40 – 20 – 20 correspond respectively to the T1 treatments, T2, T3 and T4. On the T2 (2,073 m ± 0,009) P1 is observed of the heights raised of stem. The T4 (1, 85 m ± 0,173) recorded a stem raise of P2. The T2 (30, 75 ± 1,500) P1 reached the highest number of grains in a row. The T1 (30, 75 ± 1,258) P2 got high number of grains in a row. Greater number of grains in an ear is observed on T3 (520 ± 15,491) of P1. The greatest number of grains per ear is noted on the T2 (510,5 ± 10,630) of P2. The T2 (4, 20 t ha-1 ± 0,12) P1 recorded better outputs in grains. The T1 (4,035 t ha-1 ± 1,831) P2 got the best output in grains. The corresponding T2 to the dose (30 – 15 – 15) could be kept for the P1. The corresponding T1 to the dose (20 – 10 – 10) could be recommended for the P2 to increase the productivity of corn in the zone of survey.
The effect of np fertlizer rates on the yield and yield
1. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.4, No.16, 2014
The Effect of Np Fertlizer Rates on the Yield and Yield
Components of Ginger (Zingiber Offcinale Rosc.) in Kindo-
Koysha Woreda; Wolaita, South Ethiopia
Abraham Bosha ,Taye Buke and Mesfin Kassa
Wolaita Sodo University, College of Agriculture, P.O.BOX 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopi
* E-mail of the corresponding author: mesuabraham@yaho.com, mesfine2004@gmail.com,
tayebuke@yaho.com
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Kindo-Koyisha, Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia during the 2012/2013
cropping season to evaluate the influences of different rates of NP on yield, yield components. The experiment
was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of
five levels of N (0, 23, 46, 62 and 92kg/ha) and four levels of P (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha). Duncan’s multiple
range tests were employed to compare means at 5% probability levels. The analysis revealed that increase in N
level had very highly significant (p<0.001) effect on average leaves number per plot, plant height, leaf length,
leaf width, leaf area, tiller number per hill, and number of plants per plot in Kindo-Koyisha woreda. The level
of P for Kindo-KoyishaWoreda had very highly significant (p<0.001) effect on average plant height, leaf length
, and leaf area, tillers number per hill and number of plants per plot; and it showed highly significant (p<0.01)
effect on average leaf significant effect (p<0.05) on leaf width.NP interaction highly significantly (p<0.01)
affected the average leaf area, and number of plots per plot whereas, very highly (p<0.001) affected average
number of leaves per plant, plant height, and leaf length. The highest record of data obtained at 92kg/ha of
nitrogen and 30kg/ha of phosphorous levels in experimental sites. The future studies should articulate towards
and studies involving more cultivars, multi-location and additional rates of N and P application, under diverse
management practices such as farmers, irrigated or rained conditions, which may facilitate fine-tuning of
fertilizer recommendations.
Keywords: Ginger, yields, growth, interaction, fertilizer
1. Introduction
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), a member of the family Zingeberaceae, is an important tropical herbaceous
perennial plant; grown as annual is indigenous to tropical India, South East Asia, Australia and Japan, with the
main center of diversity in Indo-Malaysia (Purseglove, 1972). Other important producers are Jamaica, Nigeria,
Sierra Leone, Thailand, and Australia (Purseglove, 1972; Jansen, 1981; Weiss, 2002; Yiljep et al., 2005).India,
China, Indonesia and Nepal are the major producers of ginger in the world, having production of 517.8 thousand
tons, 279 thousand tons, 159 thousand tons and 154.1 thousand tons respectively. Nigeria .The cultivation of
ginger was started in Ethiopia during 13th century when Arabs introduced it from India to east Africa (Janson,
1981). It is the second most widely cultivated spice in Ethiopia, next to chilies. It is limited mostly in the wetter
regions of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) and some parts of western
Oromia. Most of the commercial production is practiced in SNNPRS by farmers within Wolaita, Kambata-
Tambaro and Hadiya zones (MoARD, 2007).
In Ethiopia, ginger is grown in an area of 45,164ha with production of 716,550t ha-1 (MoARD, 2007).
Currently, unpublished Southern Agriculture and Rural Developments’ report indicates that the area coverage of
the Region in the year 2012/2013 was 27615ha, from which Wolaita Zone covers about 11590ha and Kembata-
Tambaro Zone covers 9433ha with the average productivity of 285 Qts/ha (BoARD, 2013). Ginger production
for the extraction of oleoresins essential oils, as well as the direct use of rhizomes for culinary purposes is
increasing worldwide (FAO, 2008). Ginger is a very potential spice crop in SNNPR, Wolaita. In Wolaita ginger
is widely grown as a cash crop. The ginger crop, in spice sub-sector, has an immense potential for economic
development and poverty reduction through creation and expansion of employment opportunities and
distribution of income and foreign exchange earnings. Chemical fertilizers, N and K were highly responsive to
ginger production (Sugtto and Mafzuchah, 1995) stated that N and K increased the quality of young ginger
rhizome and produced average fresh yield of rhizome. Farmyard is a major fertilizer used for ginger production
in SNNPRS. However, it cannot support large scale production since the availability of farmyard manure is
limited and the preparation of it is laborious. There is increased use for Nitrogen fertilizer which reaches up to
150kg/ha and the P (DAP) fertilizer use is mostly 100kg/ha in Wolaita area since the year 2009 (WZARDD,
2012). However, the ginger producers at the region, use undetermined rate of DAP and N fertilizers (Endrias
Geta, 2011). The people in area do not have any recommended dose of fertilizers though; they were often use
chemical fertilizers in ginger crop.
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Despite all the potentials and opportunities of having such a long history with a diversified conducive agro-ecology
base, this spice sub-sector potential remained unexploited. The sub-sector is still not organized or
packaged, low in productivity and inefficient. This is attributed to several factors; poor soil fertility, shortage of
improved varieties, and poor agronomic practices are the most important ones (Hailemichael et al., 2008;
MoARD, 2007). Mostly farmers grow ginger and get the produce with very low yield due to lack of research and
technology. It is necessary to determine the correct rate and time of application of the chemical fertilizers for the
optimum yield/quality as well as to analyze the economic aspect of fertilizer application (Endrias Geta, 2011).
Addressing these constraints perfectly fit into the Agriculture sector policy direction of GTP which focuses on
enabling small holding farmers to access and use appropriate improved modern technology, thereby enhancing
production and productivity of the sector in Agricultural development. Therefore, the study was initiated with
the following objectives.
• To determine the optimum NP fertilizer rate for growth and productivity of ginger;
• To determine the effect of NP fertilizer rates on growth and productivity of ginger;
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the study sites
The study was conducted at Kindo-Koysha woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, which is located at
37°.39-37°63 E longitude & 6°79-7°06 N latitude which is 431 km from Adis Abeba to South- East direction and
36 km from Wolaita Sodo town to South-East direction on the way to Jimma. The altitude of the area ranges
from 700 – 2280 m, and the climate is characterized by an erratic rain fall, receiving 400 – 1400 mm per annum
with bimodal pattern (Meher & Belg) where ‘Belg’ cropping season covers from February to June, and ‘Meher’
season from July to October. The area has an average maximum and minimum temperature of 30.70c and 19.20c,
respectively.
2.2. Treatments and Experimental Design
The experiments consisted of, Five levels of N (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92 kg N ha-1), and four levels of P (0, 10, 20
and 30 kg P ha-1) with released cultivars 38/79 or Volbo from the certified seed multiplying model farmer was
used. Three to five centimeter long, one-year-old ginger rhizomes having at least one active bud were used as
planting material. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three
replications in factorial arrangement. The plot size was 1.2m*1.5m with 4 rows/plot and 10 plants/row. The
spacing was 30 and 15 cm between rows and plants, respectively. There was 50 cm spacing between plots and
1m between replications. The N source was urea and DAP, whereas the sources of P were triple super phosphate.
The 60% of N were applied at planting time and the rest of Nitrogen was applied as a top dressing in two equal
doses at 45 and 90 days after planting. For the data, five plants were randomly selected from each inner two
rows such as Numbers of leaves/ plant, Leaf length, Leaf area (cm2) – leaf areas by adjustment factor (K=1.426)
(Anteneh et al., 2008). Plant height, Number of tillers/hill and Date of emergence
2.3. Soil analysis
The soil samples were air-dried and ground to pass 2 and 0.5 mm (for total N) sieves. All samples were analyzed
following standard laboratory procedures as outlined by Sahlemedhin and Taye (2000). Organic carbon and total
N contents of the soil were determined following the wet combustion method of Walkley and Black, and wet
digestion procedure of Kjeldahl method, respectively. The available P content of the soil was determined
following Olsen method. Soil texture was analyzed by Bouyoucos hydrometer method. The cations exchange
capacity (CEC) of the soil was determined following the 1N ammonium acetate (pH 7) method. Ca and Mg
contents were measured by using EDTA titration, whereas the exchangeable K and Na in the extract were
measured by flame photometer. The pH (1:2.5 solid: liquid ratio) of the soils was measured in water using pH
meter with glass-calomel combination electrode. Exchangeable acidity of the soil was determined by leaching
exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum ions from the soil samples by 1N KCl solution.
2.4. Statistical analysis
The mean values of each parameter were analyses using variance /ANOVA/ following the SAS statistical
package (Version 9.0) the statistical significance was determined using LSD to compare means at 5%
probability levels.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physico-chemical Properties of Soils
Soil analysis of the locations before sowing (Table 1) showed that soil pH, available P, CEC and Total N found
in the range of slightly acidic based on Herrera (2005) classification, whereas, Kindo Koyisha Woreda.
Textural analysis showed that the same textural class according to the present study soil textural class was sandy
clay both locations. The lack of soil textural class difference between two locations its might be attributed to the
similarity in parent material from which the soils originate.
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Table 1:- Physico-chemical Properties of Soils before sowing during 2012/13
Location N P PH CEC OC Texture class
K/Koyisha 0.1 2.08 5.9 10.4 1.52 Sandy clay
3.2. Responses of ginger on NP fertilizer
The effect of N P on the ginger 38/79 or Volbo yield and yields components at Kindo-Koyisha Woreda was
evaluated by considering the performance of the growth parameters. The analysis showed that the level of N had
very highly significant (p<0.001) effect on average leaves number per plot, plant height , leaf length, leaf width ,
leaf area, tiller number per hill, and number of plants per plot (Table 2).The level of P for Kindo-Koyisha
Woreda had very highly significant (p<0.001) effect on average plant height , leaf length, and leaf area, tillers
number per hill and number of plants per plot; and it showed highly significant (p<0.05) . The NP interaction
highly significantly (p<0.01) affected the average leaf width and very highly significant (p<0.001) affected plant
height and significant effect (p<0.05)
Table 2: Means squares of the growth parameters by NP at Kindo Koyisha during 2012/13
Characters MSN MSP MSN*P MSE
LPP 91.9529*** 11.6926** 1.4041NS 2.0573
PH 347.2056*** 100.4240*** 35.1157*** 5.2006
LL 41.7086*** 17.5234*** 1.7121NS 1.3030
LW 0.9758*** 0.0758* 0.0745** 0.0206
LA 1922.5373*** 350.7479*** 74.8667* 33.1309
TPH 16.0204*** 2.3358** 0.4238NS 0.2726
NPP 924.9542*** 100.1819* 17.6431NS 11.8042
*Figures in parenthesis indicate the degree of freedom, MSN= Nitrogen mean square, MSP=phosphorus mean
square, MSN*MSP=Nitrogen phosphorous interaction mean square, Mse= error mean square,*, **, *** =
Significant at 0.05, 0.01and 0.001 respectively. Ns = non-significant, LPP= average number of leaves per plant,
PH= average plant height, LL= average leaf length, LW= average leaf width, LA=average leaf area, TPH=
average tillers number per hill, and NPP= average number of plants per plot.
3.3. Interaction effect of NP Fertilizer on ginger plant
The interaction effect of between N and P levels and the different growth parameters and among the parameters,
N levels correlated significantly and positively with leaf number per plant, plant height, leaf length, leaf width,
leaf area, tillers number per plant, and number of plants per plot at Kindo-Koyisha Woreda (Table 3).Correlation
analysis at Kindo-Koyisha woreda, also showed significant and positive relationship between P and plant height,
leaf length and leaf area and it showed none significant between leaf number per plant, leaf width, tillers number
per plant and number of plants per plot (Table 3).
Table 3:- Correlation of ginger crop growth and yield components at Kindo-Koyisha Woreda during 2012/13
N P LPP PH LL LW LA TPH NPP
N 1.00 0.00 0.82*** 0.71*** 0.65*** 0.79*** 0.80*** 0.82*** 0.76***
P 1.00 0.26 0.35* 0.39** 0.19 0.31* 0.28 0.25
LPP 1.00 0.90*** 0.89*** 0.83*** 0.93*** 0.84*** 0.82***
PH 1.00 0.91*** 0.83*** 0.93*** 0.0.81*** 0.85***
LL 1.00 0.69*** 0.89*** 0.79*** 0.83***
LW 1.00 0.94*** 0.77*** 0.79***
LA 1.00 0.84*** 0.87***
TPH 1.00 0.84***
NPP 1.00
N= Nitrogen, P=phosphorus, LPP= average number of leaves per plant, PH= average plant height, LL= average
leaf length, LW= average leaf width, LA=average leaf area, TPH= average tillers number per hill, and NPP=
average number of plants per plot.
3.4. Effects on ginger on Yield and yield components
The effects of different levels of N on the ginger growth parameters i.e., average number of leaves per plant,
plant height, mean leaf length, mean leaf width, mean leaf area, mean tillers number per hill and mean plant
number per plot showed a very highly significant effect and the highest mean number of leaves (20.42) was
recorded at 92kg/ha N level and the lowest (13.12) were obtained at 0 kg/ha N levels. Similarly, the N level
showed very highly significant effect on mean plant height, mean leaf length, mean leaf width, mean leaf area,
tillers number per hill and number of plants per plot with the highest mean 55.13, 20.27, 2.56, 74.05, 6.49, and
56.25 at 92kg/ha N respectively and with lowest record of 41.21, 15.57, 1.78, 39.91, 3.70 and 34.33 at 0kg/ha
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Vol.4, No.16, 2014
level respectively. The levels of P had a very significant effect on meanaverage number of leaves per plant,
plant height, mean leaf length, mean leaf width, mean leaf area, mean tillers number per hill and mean plant
number per plotwith the highest mean 18.32, 52.70, 19.72, 2.27, 64.29, 5.85 and 52.90 at 30kg/haphosphorus
level respectively and with lowest mean of 16.25, 46.68, 17.27, 2.11, 53.18, 4.91 and 46.72 were recorded at
0kg/ha of phosphorus level (Table 3).
Table 4:- Means values of yield and yields components of ginger varieties of - 38/79 at Kindo-Koyisha during
2012/13
Nitrogen LPP PH LL LW LA TPH NPP
0 13.12d 41.21d 15.57c 1.78d 39.91d 3.70d 34.33d
23 16.53c 49.57c 18.57b 2.12c 56.05c 4.85c 50.13c
46 18.11b 51.29c 19.39ab 2.25b 62.28b 5.74b 52.75bc
69 18.79b 53.21b 19.78a 2.30b 64.57b 6.31a 54.18ba
92 20.42a 55.13a 20.27a 2.56a 74.05a 6.49a 56.25a
C.V. 8.24 4.55 6.1 6.53 9.70 9.63 6.94
SE + 1.17 +1.86 + 0.93 +0.12 +4.70 +0.43 + 2.81
Phosphorous
0 16.25b 46.68c 17.27c 2. 12b 53.18c 4.91c 46.73c
10 17.23ab 49.65b 18.55b 2.19ab 58.15b 5.35b 48.60bc
20 17.77a 51.29ab 19.33ab 2.23a6 1.86ab 5.57ab 49.87b
30 18.32a 52.70a 19.72a 2.27a 64.29a 5.85a 52.90a
C.V. 8.24 4.55 6.1. 6.53 9.70 9.63 6.94
SE + 1.17 + 1.86 + 0.93 +0.12 +4.70 + 0.43 + 2.81
Means followed by the same letter in the same column were not significantly different at p<0.05 levels according
to Duncan’s Multiple Range test LPP= average number of leaves per plant, PH= average plant height, LL=
average leaf length, LW= average leaf width, LA=average leaf area, TPH= average tillers number per hill, and
NPP= average number of plants per plot.
It was also reflected in the significant and positive correlations that existed between the level of applied N and
mean leaves number per plant (r=0.85***), plant height (r=0.92***), leaf length (r=0.85***), leaf width
(r=0.87***) cm. leaf area (r=0.89***), tiller number per hill (r=0.89***), and number of plants per plot
(r=0.91***) (Table 4). N either in single or in combination had significant effect on the yield and other yield
attributes of ginger. It is revealed that both N and K had positive impact on ginger production but the effect of N
was found to be more distinct than the effect of K. However, with the increase of N levels, other field parameters
of ginger linearly increased (Haque et al., 2007). The study in the Bangladesh showed that yield contributing
parameters progressively increased with the increase rates of N up to 180 kg/ha which was significantly different
over 0 Nitrogen and this result handled at kindo Koyisha, agree with the findings of Bangladesh. Here 4 levels of
N was used in treated plots but 150 kg N/ha responded best and the highest plant height 56.3cm and 87.1cm),
maximum leaves number (17.30 and 18.30 /plant and fingers number (27.8 and 14.5 /plant) respectively in both
the years Haque et al., 2007). Fertilizer nitrogen significantly increased the number of third order shoots and
fourth order rhizome branches, and the total yields of shoots and rhizomes. A rate of application of 200–300 kg
N/ha was required for maximum yield in Australia. Therefore, a good supply of nitrogen to the plant stimulates
root growth and development as well as uptake of other nutrients (FAO, 2000; Brady and Weil, 2002).
4. Conclusion and Recommendation
Information on fertility status of soils and crop responses under different fertility management strategies are very
crucial for profitable and sustainable agricultural production. In view of this, a study was conducted to
investigate the influence of N and P application on yield and yield traits of 38/79 or Volvo ginger variety at
Kindo-Koyisha (Pajena-Mata) during 2012/2013 cropping season. The experiment was laid out in randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of five levels of N (0, 23, 46,
69 and 92kg ha-1) and four levels of P (0, 10, 20, and 30kg ha -1). A total of 20 fertilizer treatments were used in
a factorial arrangement. The analysis revealed that increase in NP level had very highly significant (p<0.001)
effect on growth and yield components at Kindo-KoyishaWoreda . Nitrogen and phosphors interaction highly
significantly (p<0.01) affected the average leaf area , and number of plots per plot whereas, very highly
(p<0.001) affected average number of leaves per plant, plant height, and leaf length. Even though there was no
possibility to measure the data of ginger yield (rhizome/tuber) due to the outbreak of Bacterial wilt disease over
all ginger fields in the region which is with no preventive mechanism, the shoot part data in this study showedthe
maximum record at 92kg/ha of Nitrogen and 30kg/ha of Phosphorous in experimental sites. Particularly, the
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Vol.4, No.16, 2014
nitrogen level increase reveals progressive increment for all ginger yield components (growth parameters).
Therefore, results of this study pointed out to the possibility of promoting higher yields by manipulation of
growth aspects through use of N and P (92 kg N along with 30 kg P/ha) applications. Even though significant
increase in yield attributes were observed in response to the increased rates of N and P, it is premature to arrive
at definite recommendations based on this study as it was conducted in only two location over single season by
adopting one variety. In view of this, the future studies should articulate towards and studies involving more
cultivars, multi-location and additional rates of N and P application, under diverse management practices , which
may facilitate fine-tuning of fertilizer recommendations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are hugely indebted to Wolita Sodo University for the research work grant and following us to do our
research concern. We are particularly grateful for the Agricultural Office of Wolaita Zone, kindo koyisha Rural
Development Office for their willingness to give as information, guidance and encouragement and for their
valuable time. We also extend our thanks go to the development agents working in the researches sites.
References
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