The circulatory system is a complex network that transports blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing waste. It consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, each playing a vital role in circulation, including pumping blood, transporting oxygen, and facilitating gas exchange. Maintaining this system involves regular exercise, a healthy diet, avoiding smoking, and having regular medical checkups.

1. The Circulatory
System: A Vital
Network
The circulatory system is a complex
network of organs and vessels that
transport blood throughout the
body. This vital system delivers
oxygen and nutrients to cells while
removing waste products.
by jc rollon

2. Heart: The Pumping Powerhouse
Four Chambers
The heart has four
chambers: two atria
and two ventricles.
The atria receive
blood and the
ventricles pump it out.
Valves
Valves prevent
backflow of blood,
ensuring a one-
way flow through
the heart.
Electrical Signals
The heart's rhythm is
controlled by
electrical signals that
stimulate muscle
contractions.

3. Arteries: Delivering Oxygen-
Rich Blood
Thick Walls
Arteries have thick, elastic walls to
withstand high pressure from the
heart.
Oxygenated Blood
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood
from the heart to the body's tissues.
Branching Network
Arteries branch into smaller
arterioles that eventually lead to
capillaries.

4. Veins: Returning Deoxygenated Blood
Thinner Walls
Veins have thinner walls
than arteries due to lower
blood pressure.
Deoxygenated Blood
Veins carry deoxygenated
blood from the body back
to the heart.
Valves
Veins have valves to
prevent backflow of blood,
ensuring a one-way flow
towards the heart.

5. Capillaries: The Microscopic
Exchange
1 Tiny Vessels
Capillaries are
the smallest
blood vessels,
connecting
arterioles to
venules.
2 Gas Exchange
Capillaries
facilitate the
exchange of
oxygen, carbon
dioxide,
nutrients, and
waste products
between blood
and tissues.
3 Thin Walls
Capillaries have thin walls, allowing
for easy diffusion of substances.

6. Blood: The Fluid of Life
1 Plasma
Plasma is the liquid component
of blood, carrying nutrients,
hormones, and waste products.
2 Red Blood Cells
3 White Blood Cells
White blood cells fight infections
and diseases by attacking
foreign invaders.
4 Platelets
Red blood cells carry oxygen
from the lungs to the body's
tissues.
Platelets help in blood clotting,
stopping bleeding from injuries.

7. Red Blood Cells: Oxygen Carriers
Hemoglobin
Oxygen Transport
Circulation
Red blood cells are constantly circulating
throughout the body, delivering oxygen
and removing carbon dioxide.
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin,
a protein that binds to oxygen.
Red blood cells pick up oxygen in the
lungs and deliver it to tissues
throughout the body.

8. White Blood Cells: Immune
Defenders
Type Function
Neutrophils First responders to
infections, engulfing and
destroying bacteria.
Lymphocytes Recognize and target specific
pathogens, producing
antibodies to fight infections.
Macrophages Phagocytize debris and
pathogens, clearing up
infections and damaged cells.

9. Platelets: Clotting Heroes
Adhesion Activation
Platelets activate the
coagulation cascade, leading
to the formation of a fibrin
mesh that strengthens the
clot.
Platelets stick to the
damaged blood vessel wall,
forming a plug.

10. Maintaining a Healthy
Circulatory System
1 Regular Exercise
Exercise strengthens the
heart and improves blood
flow.
2 Healthy Diet
A balanced diet low in
saturated fat and cholesterol
helps maintain healthy blood
pressure and cholesterol
levels.
3 Avoid Smoking
Smoking damages blood
vessels and increases the risk
of heart disease.
4 Regular Checkups
Regular checkups with a
doctor can help identify and
manage any potential
circulatory problems.