Barry Keith Grant suggests that subgenres allow audiences to more specifically identify genres based on their familiar characteristics. Music videos can target niche audiences through the use of features like costumes, props, representations of artists, locations, and lighting that fit the subgenre and its characteristics. These elements were incorporated into a music video about a love story to signal negativeness, sadness, and convey a dark and cold narrative through a teenager, grandma, flowers, extreme close-ups, dark streets, a care home, and dark lighting.
The document discusses genre theory and its application to media texts. It defines genre as conventions that classify texts into categories. It outlines several genre theorists and their perspectives, such as Chandler who sees genre as dividing texts based on common elements. Grant discusses subgenres as more specific categories within a genre. The document also discusses how genres appeal to audiences through familiarity and pleasure, and how genres evolve over time through hybridization and changing conventions.
The document discusses the concept of the male gaze in film theory. It describes Laura Mulvey's influential 1975 work which argued that women are presented in film as objects of male visual pleasure. Mulvey proposed that films are viewed from the perspective of a heterosexual male gaze and that women are sexualized for male pleasure. The document also reviews other theorists who have expanded on or critiqued Mulvey's ideas, and discusses whether these theories still apply to modern films.
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the "male gaze" in film theory. Mulvey argues that films typically present the perspective of a heterosexual male viewer who objectifies female characters. This relegates women to the status of objects and viewers must identify with the male perspective. The male gaze lingers on women's bodies and defines events through a man's reaction. While some argue this allows female sexuality, critics say it still treats women as objects for the male viewer's pleasure through their visual representation.
1. Laura Mulvey introduced the concept of the "male gaze" in film theory, which refers to the way films are typically shot from the perspective of the heterosexual male viewer. This objectifies women and turns them into objects to be looked at.
2. The theory suggests that women are often denied agency and identity in films, existing primarily as objects for the male gaze. This can influence how women see themselves.
3. The male gaze is argued to be prevalent in many mainstream films and media, potentially reinforcing patriarchal social norms and power dynamics by influencing how both men and women see gender roles.
This pictogram depicts scenes from the game Super Mario in a non-linear fashion. The artist chose Super Mario as a reference to create a pictogram that expresses the narrative and scenes from different parts of the game without a precise sequence. This allows the pictogram to become a non-linear narrative creation and tell a story to the audience in a non-traditional way.
Barry Keith Grant suggests that subgenres allow audiences to more specifically identify genres based on their familiar characteristics. Music videos can target niche audiences through the use of features like costumes, props, representations of artists, locations, and lighting that fit the subgenre and its characteristics. These elements were incorporated into a music video about a love story to signal negativeness, sadness, and convey a dark and cold narrative through a teenager, grandma, flowers, extreme close-ups, dark streets, a care home, and dark lighting.
The document discusses genre theory and its application to media texts. It defines genre as conventions that classify texts into categories. It outlines several genre theorists and their perspectives, such as Chandler who sees genre as dividing texts based on common elements. Grant discusses subgenres as more specific categories within a genre. The document also discusses how genres appeal to audiences through familiarity and pleasure, and how genres evolve over time through hybridization and changing conventions.
The document discusses the concept of the male gaze in film theory. It describes Laura Mulvey's influential 1975 work which argued that women are presented in film as objects of male visual pleasure. Mulvey proposed that films are viewed from the perspective of a heterosexual male gaze and that women are sexualized for male pleasure. The document also reviews other theorists who have expanded on or critiqued Mulvey's ideas, and discusses whether these theories still apply to modern films.
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the "male gaze" in film theory. Mulvey argues that films typically present the perspective of a heterosexual male viewer who objectifies female characters. This relegates women to the status of objects and viewers must identify with the male perspective. The male gaze lingers on women's bodies and defines events through a man's reaction. While some argue this allows female sexuality, critics say it still treats women as objects for the male viewer's pleasure through their visual representation.
1. Laura Mulvey introduced the concept of the "male gaze" in film theory, which refers to the way films are typically shot from the perspective of the heterosexual male viewer. This objectifies women and turns them into objects to be looked at.
2. The theory suggests that women are often denied agency and identity in films, existing primarily as objects for the male gaze. This can influence how women see themselves.
3. The male gaze is argued to be prevalent in many mainstream films and media, potentially reinforcing patriarchal social norms and power dynamics by influencing how both men and women see gender roles.
This pictogram depicts scenes from the game Super Mario in a non-linear fashion. The artist chose Super Mario as a reference to create a pictogram that expresses the narrative and scenes from different parts of the game without a precise sequence. This allows the pictogram to become a non-linear narrative creation and tell a story to the audience in a non-traditional way.
The document provides a brief weather report, noting that December 22nd was a silent fine day with no other details given. In just one sentence, it conveys that the day was calm and pleasant without any other context or events described.
Zhao Mengchen created a fantasy "magic shop" setting using the PC game The Sims for a class assignment on narrative. The student sought to break conventions by not using photographs and having no characters, focusing instead on using only the location to tell a story. The narrative is told through two trajectories: showing the house in clockwise sequence, and then from outside to inside through each room, giving the audience a sense of walking through the space over time to discover what is at the end of the spatial narrative.
This document appears to be a student assignment containing the title "SM 2015 Tutorial Exercise - Pictogram" and the student's name and ID number. It lists several terms related to forms of creative writing or artistic expression, including notation, subjectivity, metaphor, narrative, and sonnet.
The film Beyond a Reasonable Doubt depicts a journalist who plans to expose a corrupt district attorney. He dresses up as a murder suspect to try to catch the DA tampering with evidence. However, his plan takes an unexpected turn when he is actually convicted of the crime. A district attorney's assistant discovers incriminating evidence against her boss but then finds proof that the journalist is actually the real criminal. In the end, the DA's records are proved to be faked, and the journalist is arrested for the murder he committed.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
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(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
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In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
The document provides a brief weather report, noting that December 22nd was a silent fine day with no other details given. In just one sentence, it conveys that the day was calm and pleasant without any other context or events described.
Zhao Mengchen created a fantasy "magic shop" setting using the PC game The Sims for a class assignment on narrative. The student sought to break conventions by not using photographs and having no characters, focusing instead on using only the location to tell a story. The narrative is told through two trajectories: showing the house in clockwise sequence, and then from outside to inside through each room, giving the audience a sense of walking through the space over time to discover what is at the end of the spatial narrative.
This document appears to be a student assignment containing the title "SM 2015 Tutorial Exercise - Pictogram" and the student's name and ID number. It lists several terms related to forms of creative writing or artistic expression, including notation, subjectivity, metaphor, narrative, and sonnet.
The film Beyond a Reasonable Doubt depicts a journalist who plans to expose a corrupt district attorney. He dresses up as a murder suspect to try to catch the DA tampering with evidence. However, his plan takes an unexpected turn when he is actually convicted of the crime. A district attorney's assistant discovers incriminating evidence against her boss but then finds proof that the journalist is actually the real criminal. In the end, the DA's records are proved to be faked, and the journalist is arrested for the murder he committed.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
KHUSWANT SINGH.pptx ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT KHUSHWANT SINGH
The cinema of attraction report and montage eisenstein
1. CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
The Cinema of Attraction Report and
Montage Eisenstein
SM2105 Assignment2 March 10th 2014
ZHAO Mengchen
SID: 52164563
Response Paper on The Cinema of Attraction by Tom Gunning
2. In this passage, the author expounded logically about some heterogeneous
characteristics between the early films before 1906 and later films, and extracted the
concept of “the cinema of attractions” based on that discussion. Early cinema, as a
kind of “cinema of attractions”, directly attracts the attention of audience, arouses
curiosity of visual sense and provides great pleasure through exciting visual
enjoyment. The Avant-Garde’s interests in early films are also lying in its novelty and
innovation. Tom Gunning pointed out that the cinema of attraction did not disappear
with the development of the narrative films, on the contrary, they continued to play a
huge role in popular films and pioneer film production.
First of all, Gunning used Lumiere and Melies to indicate the conception of “the
cinema of attractions” which dominates cinema until about 1906 or 1907, this idea
prefers to seeing the film less as a way of telling stories, but rather as a way of
representing series of landscape to the audience. Of course, Gunning pointed out what
exactly is the cinema of attraction, this kind of films, as one specific element of
narration film, has the ability to show and demonstrate something. And the most
important sign is the relationship between the cinema of attractions and its audience,
and the way represents this relationship is actors and actresses directly look at camera
constantly, in this way, this action could help the films establish contact with
spectators. Later, Tom Gunning used a series of examples of erotic films in which the
actresses flirting with camera and the audience to illustrate exhibitionism, which plays
an important role in early film production, and in fact, in the earliest years of
2
3. exhibition, the cinema itself was an attraction.
Based on telling about the historical and social background of the world at the
beginning of the 20th century, the entertainment industry develop enormously and the
mass, or you can say, the middle class started to accept this kind of culture, the culture
accents direct stimulation rather than pure diegesis, and the more “popular”
entertainment attracted the Avant-garde very soon. In addition, the author noted that
the word attractions’s springhead is from Eisenstein and his new model for the theater.
According to Eisenstein, theater should consist of a montage of such attractions,
creating a relation to the spectator entirely different from his absorption in “illusory
imitativeness”, and created an attraction which forces the audience accept sensual or
psychological impact, this concept highlights the relation between spectators and the
film itself, not “diegetic absorption”. The meaning of Montage and Attraction from
Sergei Eisenstein is very attractive to me, and I am going to discuss this theory with
examples in the second part of my response essay.
At the end of Tom Gunning’s article, he identified the development of the cinema
of attraction, he said that the appearance of feature films started the true
narrativization, the look at the camera becomes taboo and the devices of cinema
focused more on characters, their inner world and fiction expression. However, the
system of attraction remains an essential part of popular filmmaking no matter how
the variety format changed. In conclusion, let me use one sentence from Gunning’s
3
4. passage to end the summary of entire essay of The Cinema of Attraction: Early Film,
Its Spectator and the Avant-Garde: every change in film history implies a change in its
address to the spectator, and each period constructs its spectator in a new way.
Above, I have declared that the Montage theory from Eisenstein is very attractive to
me. Eisenstein always uses montage in his works, for instance in his film Bronenosets
Potyomkin in 1925, when the rebellion happened on the warship, the shots of sailors
who are walking down the stairs and people who are beating each other inside the
ship were intercut by the director, or, people who are having a speech at the port and
the group of sailors’ scene were also intercut and showed up alternately. These things
happened in different places at the same time, and we could call it parallel expression.
And I would like to analyze one scene instead of the entire film in this work. To
Eisenstein, montage can control a wide range of human functions from simple
voluntary movements such as swaying to complex ideological beliefs and convictions.
In this movie, the massacre scene on the Odessa steps is very classical, and I want
to take the episode of Odessa steps where the pathos of the film reaches its climax as
my analyzing example. How are the events arranged and presented in this scene?
Leaving aside the frenzied state of the characters and masses in the scene, the
movement itself is used to express mounting emotional intensity actually. Firstly,
there are close-ups of human figures rushing chaotically, then, long shots of the same
scene occurred. The chaotic movement is next superseded by shots showing the feet
4
5. of soldiers as they march down the steps rhythmically when the tempo increases and
rhythm accelerates. Later on, as the downward movement reaches its culmination, the
movement is suddenly reversed, instead of the headlong rush of the crowd down the
ladders we see the solitary figure of a mother carrying her dead son who was shot by
the soldiers, going up the steps slowly and solemnly through the mass. The shot of the
rushing crowd is suddenly followed by one showing a perambulator hurtling down the
steps, this is more than just different tempos. This is a leap in the method of
representation, from the abstract to the physical.
Close-ups, accordingly, give place to long shots. The chaotic rush of a mass is
succeeded by the rhythmic march of the soldiers. One aspect of movement like people
running, falling down or tumbling down the steps gives way to another – the rolling
perambulator. At each step there is a leap from one dimension to another, from one
quality to another, until, finally, the change affects not one individual episode (the
perambulator) but the whole of the method: the risen lions mark the point where the
narrative turns into a presentation through images. Pathos arouses deep emotions and
enthusiasm, the sad, nervous and tragic atmosphere was uttered with the rolling down
stroller, and this group of montage lens in six minutes uses nearly more than 150 shot
lens of only 3 second averagely. In this six-minute, long shots, medium shots and
close-ups appeared alternately, the fast shot-lens are the typical characteristic
Eisenstein’s montage film.
5
6. Eisenstein believes that this form of montage has the capability to build a new form
of cinematography, and a creative narration form as well. Also, this method brought
out the term “attractions” as Eisenstein thought theater should consist of a montage of
such attractions, creating a relation to the spectator entirely different from his
absorption in illusory imitativeness.1 Eisenstein's comparison of government with
religion becomes even more apparent when looked at through the terms of his
montage form. In a word, Eisenstein’s film and theory conveyed a messaged that
when the political revolution and realism are mixed together, it would bring the films
freshness and excitement you can never imagine.
Reference:
The Cinema of Attraction: Early Film, Its Spectator and the Avant-Garde, by Tom
Gunning
Montage Eisenstein, by Jacques Aumont, 1979
Sergei Eisenstein: Notes of a Film Director, by X. Danko, 1959
1
The Cinema of Attraction: Early Film, Its Spectator and the Avant-Garde
6