The Chinese Judiciary
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Presentation delivered on February 20, 2014 for China's Domestic Politics class at the University of Pennsylvania.
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Probable cause – It still feels like a society where police can take people away in the dead of
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Probable cause – It still feels like a society where police can take people away in the dead of
night on any pretext.
Presumption of innocence until proven guilty – Suspects can be subject to damning pre-trial
publicity. Putting defendants in courtroom cages announces to the world: This is a guilty
person. Lengthy pre-trial detention assumes guilt and ruins lives.
Plea bargains – These come in handy in getting lower-level suspects to turn state's evidence
against top-level suspects, in murders and in fi nancial crimes, and also in ensuring justice is
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The document discusses the role of bureaucracy in the U.S. government as established by the Constitution but not explicitly defined. It examines different views on whether the Framers intended for a bureaucracy and analyzes how the bureaucracy has evolved over time from the patronage system to a modern Weberian model. Theories on bureaucratic agencies are presented regarding their role in regulation and policymaking from public interest, public choice, and reputation perspectives.
Enhancing Judicial Legitimacy
This paper comparatively analyzes the US judicial branch and investigates how to improve the the quality of judiciaries in general.
Similar to The Chinese Judiciary (20)
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【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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7:个人信誉贷款加10分
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
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The Chinese Judiciary
- 1. Desmond Wee PSCI229 China’s Domestic Politics University of Pennsylvania Symbol of the Supreme People’s Court (SPC)
- 3. Donald Clarke, Peter Murrell, and Susan Whiting, “The Role of Law in China’s Economic Development,” in China’s Great Economic Transformation, (Cambridge University Press, 2008) chapter eleven, pp. 375-428
- 4. Problems of China’s Legal System Today Significant gaps in legal structure governing economic activity Lacks a number of institutional features that could be effective in identifying and reducing the inevitable gaps and ambiguities “Local protectionism”: dependence of courts on local government and Party leaders Corruption
- 5. Rights Hypothesis “…[E]conomic growth requires a legal order offering stable and predictable rights of property and contract” However, Clarke, Murrell & Whiting (CMW): “…provides little explanatory power for China.”
- 6. Functional Substitutes for Formal Institutions Property Rights Cadre evaluation system (Lecture 7; Whiting) Fiscal system (Lecture 7; Whiting) Local government ownership of township and village enterprises (TVEs) Transactions in Goods & Services Dual-track system Footnote: Transitional institutions vs. Best-practice institutions (Qian, 2003)
- 7. Conclusion The relationship between legal and economic development was bidirectional – a coevolutionary process Have formal legal institutions contributed in an important way to China’s remarkable economic success? No, but instead… Economic success has fostered the development of law, rather than the reverse.
- 9. Jerome Cohen’s Testimony to the Congressional-Executive Commission on China
- 10. Criminal Justice Death penalty Criminal Procedure Law (CPL) No warrants Arrest Search (Mostly) no bail/“release under guaranty pending trial” Limited right to counsel False confessions gained by torture UN Convention Against Torture Section 306 of the Criminal Law Reeducation through labor (“laojiao”)
- 11. Major Defects National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee (NPCSC) reserves the sole power to modify legislation; interpret and apply the Constitution The Chinese Constitution is not enforced No judicial review for courts: invalidating legislation is prohibited Conflict: courts must seek a resolution from a higher-level legislative body OR rule in accordance with the lower-level rule
- 12. Constitutional Review: The NPC Review Model NPCSC Law on Legislation Sun Zhigang case Limited review: Administrative Litigation Law State Compensation Law Supreme People’s Court 2001 education case “Reply to Qi Yuling”; 2008 update [Update:] 2011 SinaWeibo case (Independent?) Constitutional Court?
- 13. Further reading Judicial reform: Court orders http://www.economist.com/news/china/21591210-it-turns-out-torturing- people-confessions-isnt-all-right-after-all-court-orders China’s Constitutional Crisis http://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/09/chinas-constitutional- crisis/279285/ Citizens’ Rights, the Constitution and the Courts http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/09/26/citizens%E2%80 %99-rights-the-constitution-and-the-courts/ Chinese Judge Expresses Support for Free Speech on SinaWeibo in Ruling http://www.businessinsider.com/chinese-judge-expresses-support- for-free-speech-on-sina-weibo-in-ruling-2011-9 A Comment on the Rise and Fall of the Supreme People’s Court’s Reply to Qi Yuling’s Case http://suffolklawreview.org/wp-content/ uploads/2013/01/Tong_AdvancePrint.pdf