The novel covers the period from 1930-1970 in Brazil and focuses on the impact of the Brazilian dictatorship that began in 1964. It uses multiple character perspectives to show the economic and political struggles people faced, including drought in the Northeast, censorship of journalists, and monitoring by the dictatorship. Major themes explored include a nation falling into darkness under the dictatorship, a mother's enduring love, and the strength of the nation despite hardships. Symbols like "The Celebration" and grieving mothers represented the suffering caused by the regime.
The document provides an overview of life during the Great Depression through photographs and captions. It describes the drought and dust storms that ravaged farms in the Midwest in the 1930s, forcing many families to become migrant workers traveling west or to cities in search of work. One photo shows "Migrant Mother" and her children in a migrant camp, illustrating the hardships faced by many families. Other photos show breadlines in New York, unemployed men seeking jobs, and the impact of the 1929 stock market crash. Additional photos by Margaret Bourke-White depict the lives of black and white sharecroppers in the South.
The author uses an overall organization pattern that:
A. explains the time line of World War I and the Russian Revolution.
The passage is organized chronologically, first explaining the conditions women faced during World War I, then describing how these hardships led the women to go on strike on International Women's Day in 1917, which sparked the Russian Revolution.
MI: The working women of Russia actually started the Russian Revolution.
P: provide the historical background leading to the Russian women's involvement in the Russian Revolution.
Of Mice and Men - Social, Historical and cultural context 1Dr_RyanPhoenix
This is a lesson based upon the Of Mice and Men scheme; focusing on the Social, Historical and cultural context. This is a great introduction lesson to this. This is the first part of the whole sub-context based on the Social,Historical and cultural context presented in Of Mice and Men.
Introduction (Facts, Geography and Writing)
History of China (Ancient History)
History of China (Dynastic Period 1600 BCE-1911 CE)
Greatest Philosophers
Religion
Chinese Literature (Dynastic Period)
Sample Literary Piece of the Period
History of China (Modern Period)
Chinese Literature (Modern Period)
Sample Literary Piece of the Period
Renee Cox is an Afrofemcentric artist who uses her own body and experiences as a black woman and mother as subject matter in her artwork. Her works such as "Yo Mama" and "Yo Mama's Last Supper" center black women and challenge societal norms by placing Cox's nude black body in positions of power and reverence. Cox's work addresses the dual challenges of racism and sexism faced by black women. Her photos also pay homage to historical figures like Saartjie Baartman who was exploited and objectified. Cox's confrontational style sparked controversy but succeeded in generating important discussions about representation and the marginalization of black women.
The Daughters of Liberty were a group of women in the American colonies who supported independence from Britain during the Revolutionary War in various ways. They protested unfair taxes, boycotted British goods, substituted homemade items, and aided the war effort by sewing uniforms and melting metals for bullets. Notable Daughters of Liberty included Mercy Otis Warren, a historian and playwright who documented the Revolution, and Abigail Adams, who advocated for women's rights and education. Their efforts helped advance women's roles and fight for the patriot cause.
The exhibit documents the history of apartheid in South Africa through photographs from the 1950s through the 1990s. It shows everyday scenes of the strict racial segregation and discrimination policies. One photo depicts a black woman comforting a white girl on a park bench, highlighting how apartheid divided people. Over time, the photos show the increasing protests and violence against apartheid as non-white South Africans fought for their rights and equality. While the policies officially ended, the exhibit notes the struggles from apartheid's legacy still continue for many non-white communities today.
The document provides historical context about women's roles and rights from the Revolutionary War period through the late 20th century, as well as the origins and evolution of the role of First Lady. It notes that following the Revolutionary War, married women had no legal rights or representation under the law. The term "First Lady" came into use in the 1840s to refer to the president's wife. Over time, First Ladies took on more public roles such as advocating for causes like temperance, women's suffrage, literacy, and health care reform. The document also discusses some of the hardships women faced in gaining access to education and how their historical contributions have often been overlooked.
The document provides an overview of life during the Great Depression through photographs and captions. It describes the drought and dust storms that ravaged farms in the Midwest in the 1930s, forcing many families to become migrant workers traveling west or to cities in search of work. One photo shows "Migrant Mother" and her children in a migrant camp, illustrating the hardships faced by many families. Other photos show breadlines in New York, unemployed men seeking jobs, and the impact of the 1929 stock market crash. Additional photos by Margaret Bourke-White depict the lives of black and white sharecroppers in the South.
The author uses an overall organization pattern that:
A. explains the time line of World War I and the Russian Revolution.
The passage is organized chronologically, first explaining the conditions women faced during World War I, then describing how these hardships led the women to go on strike on International Women's Day in 1917, which sparked the Russian Revolution.
MI: The working women of Russia actually started the Russian Revolution.
P: provide the historical background leading to the Russian women's involvement in the Russian Revolution.
Of Mice and Men - Social, Historical and cultural context 1Dr_RyanPhoenix
This is a lesson based upon the Of Mice and Men scheme; focusing on the Social, Historical and cultural context. This is a great introduction lesson to this. This is the first part of the whole sub-context based on the Social,Historical and cultural context presented in Of Mice and Men.
Introduction (Facts, Geography and Writing)
History of China (Ancient History)
History of China (Dynastic Period 1600 BCE-1911 CE)
Greatest Philosophers
Religion
Chinese Literature (Dynastic Period)
Sample Literary Piece of the Period
History of China (Modern Period)
Chinese Literature (Modern Period)
Sample Literary Piece of the Period
Renee Cox is an Afrofemcentric artist who uses her own body and experiences as a black woman and mother as subject matter in her artwork. Her works such as "Yo Mama" and "Yo Mama's Last Supper" center black women and challenge societal norms by placing Cox's nude black body in positions of power and reverence. Cox's work addresses the dual challenges of racism and sexism faced by black women. Her photos also pay homage to historical figures like Saartjie Baartman who was exploited and objectified. Cox's confrontational style sparked controversy but succeeded in generating important discussions about representation and the marginalization of black women.
The Daughters of Liberty were a group of women in the American colonies who supported independence from Britain during the Revolutionary War in various ways. They protested unfair taxes, boycotted British goods, substituted homemade items, and aided the war effort by sewing uniforms and melting metals for bullets. Notable Daughters of Liberty included Mercy Otis Warren, a historian and playwright who documented the Revolution, and Abigail Adams, who advocated for women's rights and education. Their efforts helped advance women's roles and fight for the patriot cause.
The exhibit documents the history of apartheid in South Africa through photographs from the 1950s through the 1990s. It shows everyday scenes of the strict racial segregation and discrimination policies. One photo depicts a black woman comforting a white girl on a park bench, highlighting how apartheid divided people. Over time, the photos show the increasing protests and violence against apartheid as non-white South Africans fought for their rights and equality. While the policies officially ended, the exhibit notes the struggles from apartheid's legacy still continue for many non-white communities today.
The document provides historical context about women's roles and rights from the Revolutionary War period through the late 20th century, as well as the origins and evolution of the role of First Lady. It notes that following the Revolutionary War, married women had no legal rights or representation under the law. The term "First Lady" came into use in the 1840s to refer to the president's wife. Over time, First Ladies took on more public roles such as advocating for causes like temperance, women's suffrage, literacy, and health care reform. The document also discusses some of the hardships women faced in gaining access to education and how their historical contributions have often been overlooked.
Analysis of a_walk_in_the_night_by_alexngakwenloic1
This document provides an analysis of Alex La Guma's novella "A Walk in the Night". It discusses the plot, which follows Michael Adonis and Willieboy and their experiences with racial oppression and violence under the apartheid system in South Africa. It examines themes of racial oppression, discrimination, segregation, and poverty that were common during the colonial period when white colonizers treated black South Africans as inferior. The analysis provides context on La Guma's portrayal of the negative impacts of apartheid and the lack of political organization among the oppressed characters.
The United Nations General Assembly declared November 25th as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women in 1999. This day commemorates the 1960 assassination of the Mirabal sisters from the Dominican Republic for their political activism. They became a symbol of the crisis of violence against women in Latin America. The document provides additional information and resources about violence against women and the origins of designating November 25th as the day against such violence.
Discussion of the formation of the USSR from the Old Russia after the Russian Civil War. Stalin's take over of power in 1928. His tragic rule of the USSR the use of the Secret Police and the beginning of the "Terror": Introduction to the faces of murder.
The document discusses the financial difficulties faced by the French government in the 18th century due to its increasing debt and interest payments. It was forced to raise taxes to pay for expenses like maintaining an army and government offices. However, taxes could not be raised enough as only members of the third estate paid taxes under the system of three estates. The document also discusses the abolition of slavery in French colonies and some rights put forth in Olympe de Gouges' Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen. Key dates in the Russian revolutionary period and excerpts from various sources on life in Russia during this time are also presented.
This document discusses Johnson Jones Hooper's 1845 work "Some Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs" as a burlesque parody of campaign biographies written about Andrew Jackson. It analyzes how Suggs references Jackson's military career and presidency, and critiques the corrupting influence of democratic politics. Specifically, it examines how Suggs exploits loopholes in the system, like Jackson's doctrine of military necessity, to extort resources from the public. The document argues Suggs represents Jackson's frontier constituency that was difficult to control and led to controversial land speculation and violence during Indian removal.
Evolution of the First Lady PresentationAllison Levin
This document discusses the evolving role of the First Lady of the United States from the early 20th century to present day. It analyzes how societal norms and gender roles influenced the position over time. Key figures like Eleanor Roosevelt, Jacqueline Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, Betty Ford, Rosalyn Carter, and Hillary Clinton helped expand the role from a non-essential hostess to an activist and political surrogate. The document traces this evolution and how modern First Ladies exemplified the movement toward gender equality and partnership in marriage.
The document summarizes how different groups in the US after the Civil War promoted competing narratives to explain the causes and consequences of the war. It discusses how Black Americans, abolitionists, and Radical Republicans emphasized slavery as the fundamental cause and the need to secure rights for freed slaves. Meanwhile, many Southerners pushed the "Lost Cause" narrative and idea of states' rights. Ultimately, the dominant narrative became one of "Reunion" and "Reconciliation" to help reunite the country. Popular culture works like novels, films, songs, and photographs played a large role in shaping and spreading these competing memories of the war.
Civil war unit lesson 1 - north vs south - power pointmontyhartfield
This document provides information about the social, cultural, and geographic differences between the North and South in the 1800s leading up to the Civil War. It notes that the North had a colder climate and focused on industry and manufacturing in cities, while the South had a warmer climate conducive to farming and plantations that relied on slave labor. Culturally, the North was more urban and had abolitionist movements, whereas the South was largely rural and sought to maintain slavery. The document uses examples and activities to teach students to identify whether characters mentioned would likely be from the North or South based on clues about urbanization, economies, and the acceptance of slavery.
A PowerPoint by past Project Librarian Tom McMurdo, on how using historic newspapers on Chronicling America can show different perspectives on a historic event.
The document summarizes Philippine literature during the period of 1946-1985 after the country gained independence from the United States. It discusses how two traditions, the Euro-Hispanic and Anglo-American, merged into a Filipino literary tradition. Major literary figures and their works are mentioned, showing influences from existentialism and a search for national identity in a newly independent nation with strong cultural ties to the US. The period was one of transition as the Philippines developed its own voice within the global literary scene.
The document provides information on literature produced under U.S. colonialism in the Philippines. It discusses three groups of writers - those who wrote in Spanish and focused on nationalism, those who wrote in Tagalog and addressed social conditions, and those who wrote in English and imitated American styles. Several notable Filipino authors and their works are then described, including poems, short stories, plays and novels written in languages like Tagalog, Ilocano, Cebuano and Spanish during this period that touched on themes of independence, social issues, and love.
Harrison CoxWCS100LResearch PaperAuthoritarian Argentina as JeanmarieColbert3
Harrison Cox
WCS100L
Research Paper
Authoritarian Argentina as Shown in Vast Hell
Word Count: 924
In the 1970’s, the country of Argentina experienced incredible political upheaval. The “Argentine Nationalists” were on the rise and attempted to reconstruct a government that represented conservative authoritarian government. This uprising resembled the movement led by Franco during the Spanish civil war (Rock). Argentinian Nationalists believed that they were the opponents of capitalism and communism; their belief concluded that the modern age was entrapping human beings to become “automatons” (Rock). However, with this movement came extreme violations of human rights and tens of thousands of Argentinians disappeared. These people are introduced in Vast Hell, by Guillermo Martinez, a short story about the atrocities.
It was apparent to the United States government that before March of 1976, the situation in Argentina was deteriorating. Political instability was rampant; on March 24th, 1976, the Argentine military junta forcefully removed Isabel Peron from power (Thomas). Furthermore, developments of human rights issues were occurring within the country. The American embassy in Buenos Aires continued to collect information regarding human rights abuses and was documenting 9,000 kidnappings and disappearances (Thomas). The military dictatorship called themselves the “Process of National Organization”, or “Proceso”. This conflicting time in Argentina’s history is known as the Dirty War. Citizens suspected of alignment with socialist or leftist ideals were incarcerated, tortured, or ultimately murdered during this horrible period. An estimated thirty thousand Argentinians were kidnapped and disappeared by the military junta (Blakemore). In Spanish, these people became known as “desaparecidos”. Family and friends were searching desperately for their loved ones; the disappeared included children and pregnant women whose babies were forcefully taken (Blakemore). Other targets of the military junta included social workers, students, writers, journalists, artists, and suspected left-wing activists. Their outcome, if not murdered, were left detained in secret concentration camps throughout Argentina to silence the political dissidents (Hall). This was not a just war; the acts committed by the military junta were human rights violations and complete negation of the rules of war.
During this time in history the Marxist and Leninist ideals were popular. The military junta’s mission was to preserve Argentina’s “national being” against these leftist ideals (Gugliotta). Even after the military phase ended the commanders retained much of their power over the people of Argentina. The military commanders envisioned themselves as crusaders among the country’s people and were rescuing them from the horrible ideals of the leftists. These commanders set the precedence for the disastrous of the Falkland Islands in 1982 which concluded with the collapse of the Argent ...
Harrison cox wcs100l research paperauthoritarian argentina as simba35
The story is set in a small town in Argentina called Puente Viejo during the 1970s after a period of political upheaval and the rise of authoritarian rule. A young stranger pitches a tent at the edge of town and begins frequenting one of the town's two rival barbershops, owned by Cervino. Cervino's wife, known only as the "French Woman", entices customers with her beauty but also unsettles them. Both the young man and the French Woman suddenly disappear one day. The townspeople, led by a gossiping widow, begin digging in the sand dunes and make a gruesome discovery - a mass grave containing bodies from the country's violent past
- 1984 depicts a dystopian totalitarian society under the constant surveillance and control of the ruling Party.
- The protagonist Winston Smith secretly rebels against the Party by keeping a diary of his thoughts, which is illegal. He falls in love with Julia, who also hates the Party, and they join an underground anti-Party group.
- However, Winston is eventually captured and tortured by the Party, who successfully brainwash him into fully accepting the Party's ideology through manipulation of language and denial of objective truth.
During the 1930s, teens experienced hardship as many of their fathers lost jobs during the Great Depression. Schools sometimes closed due to lack of funding, leaving teens idle. Some teens left home to avoid being a burden on their families. Teens began to form their own distinct culture, relying on each other rather than older generations for support. Two high-profile court cases in the 1930s, the Scottsboro Boys trial and the Lindbergh kidnapping trial, exposed continuing racial tensions in the U.S. and captivated widespread public interest. Teens looked up to both heroes like Jesse Owens and gangsters like John Dillinger, blurring the lines between right and wrong. Through shared hardship, teens developed stronger bonds
The document provides a timeline of major eras in American literature from the Puritan era in the 1600s to the contemporary era. It includes the key authors, works, events, and movements that defined each era, such as Puritan writings in the 1600s, Revolutionary works in the 1700s, Romanticism and Transcendentalism in the 1800s, the Harlem Renaissance and World War I/II in the early 1900s, and the Civil Rights movement in the mid-1900s. The document is organized by era for easy navigation of American literary history.
Analysis of The House of the Spirits by Isabel AllendeAndrea May Malonzo
This is a summarized presentation on Isabel Allende's The House of the Spirits wherein I uses a historical-biographical approach to analyze the novel. It would be better interpreted using a feminist approach, but then what i tried to cover is the relationship of the setting and the characters to Chile's history.
A STUDY ON THE VARIOUS FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION IN HARPER LEE S TO KILL A MOC...Gina Rizzo
1. The document provides background information on Harper Lee and analyzes her novel To Kill a Mockingbird. It discusses Lee's childhood, education, career as a writer, and the themes and characters in her novel.
2. To Kill a Mockingbird takes place in 1930s Maycomb, Alabama and focuses on a lawyer named Atticus Finch who defends an African American man, Tom Robinson, against a false rape charge. The story is narrated by his daughter Scout Finch and explores issues of racial injustice and discrimination.
3. Harper Lee drew on her own experiences growing up in Alabama and worked for many years revising the novel before it was published in 1960. To Kill a Mocking
This document discusses a book by Alfred W. McCoy titled "Political Cartoons of the American Era (1900-1941)" which compiles 377 editorial cartoons from the Philippines during the American colonial period. McCoy provides historical context and analysis of the cartoons. The cartoons expressed Filipino attitudes towards American occupation and captured significant political and social issues of the time. They offer insights into the transition from Spanish to American rule and shed light on issues like corruption, press censorship, labor issues, and more. The document examines several example cartoons and their historical context. It discusses how such cartoons can enhance understanding of history and public opinion during that era in the Philippines.
This document provides background information on the research paper topic of how political exile shaped the works of Latin American poets Juan Gelman and Pablo Neruda. It gives a brief biography of each poet, outlining their lives and careers up until they were exiled from their home countries of Argentina and Chile, respectively, due to their political ideologies. The document establishes that both poets faced exile - Gelman in 1975 from Argentina during the Dirty War, and Neruda in 1948 from Chile after joining the Communist party. It provides historical context on the political situations in each country and sets up how the paper will analyze how each poet's style and themes evolved before and after experiencing exile.
Isabel Allende's memoir My Invented Country describes her life growing up in Chile and how the 1973 military coup forever changed her identity. She discusses her family history and upbringing in Santiago, and her work as a journalist which introduced her to writing. The coup led by Augusto Pinochet killed her cousin Salvador Allende and forced Allende into exile, living first in Venezuela and later California. Throughout the book, Allende explores Chilean history, culture, and politics before and after the coup, and how these events shaped her into the feminist writer she became today.
Analysis of a_walk_in_the_night_by_alexngakwenloic1
This document provides an analysis of Alex La Guma's novella "A Walk in the Night". It discusses the plot, which follows Michael Adonis and Willieboy and their experiences with racial oppression and violence under the apartheid system in South Africa. It examines themes of racial oppression, discrimination, segregation, and poverty that were common during the colonial period when white colonizers treated black South Africans as inferior. The analysis provides context on La Guma's portrayal of the negative impacts of apartheid and the lack of political organization among the oppressed characters.
The United Nations General Assembly declared November 25th as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women in 1999. This day commemorates the 1960 assassination of the Mirabal sisters from the Dominican Republic for their political activism. They became a symbol of the crisis of violence against women in Latin America. The document provides additional information and resources about violence against women and the origins of designating November 25th as the day against such violence.
Discussion of the formation of the USSR from the Old Russia after the Russian Civil War. Stalin's take over of power in 1928. His tragic rule of the USSR the use of the Secret Police and the beginning of the "Terror": Introduction to the faces of murder.
The document discusses the financial difficulties faced by the French government in the 18th century due to its increasing debt and interest payments. It was forced to raise taxes to pay for expenses like maintaining an army and government offices. However, taxes could not be raised enough as only members of the third estate paid taxes under the system of three estates. The document also discusses the abolition of slavery in French colonies and some rights put forth in Olympe de Gouges' Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen. Key dates in the Russian revolutionary period and excerpts from various sources on life in Russia during this time are also presented.
This document discusses Johnson Jones Hooper's 1845 work "Some Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs" as a burlesque parody of campaign biographies written about Andrew Jackson. It analyzes how Suggs references Jackson's military career and presidency, and critiques the corrupting influence of democratic politics. Specifically, it examines how Suggs exploits loopholes in the system, like Jackson's doctrine of military necessity, to extort resources from the public. The document argues Suggs represents Jackson's frontier constituency that was difficult to control and led to controversial land speculation and violence during Indian removal.
Evolution of the First Lady PresentationAllison Levin
This document discusses the evolving role of the First Lady of the United States from the early 20th century to present day. It analyzes how societal norms and gender roles influenced the position over time. Key figures like Eleanor Roosevelt, Jacqueline Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, Betty Ford, Rosalyn Carter, and Hillary Clinton helped expand the role from a non-essential hostess to an activist and political surrogate. The document traces this evolution and how modern First Ladies exemplified the movement toward gender equality and partnership in marriage.
The document summarizes how different groups in the US after the Civil War promoted competing narratives to explain the causes and consequences of the war. It discusses how Black Americans, abolitionists, and Radical Republicans emphasized slavery as the fundamental cause and the need to secure rights for freed slaves. Meanwhile, many Southerners pushed the "Lost Cause" narrative and idea of states' rights. Ultimately, the dominant narrative became one of "Reunion" and "Reconciliation" to help reunite the country. Popular culture works like novels, films, songs, and photographs played a large role in shaping and spreading these competing memories of the war.
Civil war unit lesson 1 - north vs south - power pointmontyhartfield
This document provides information about the social, cultural, and geographic differences between the North and South in the 1800s leading up to the Civil War. It notes that the North had a colder climate and focused on industry and manufacturing in cities, while the South had a warmer climate conducive to farming and plantations that relied on slave labor. Culturally, the North was more urban and had abolitionist movements, whereas the South was largely rural and sought to maintain slavery. The document uses examples and activities to teach students to identify whether characters mentioned would likely be from the North or South based on clues about urbanization, economies, and the acceptance of slavery.
A PowerPoint by past Project Librarian Tom McMurdo, on how using historic newspapers on Chronicling America can show different perspectives on a historic event.
The document summarizes Philippine literature during the period of 1946-1985 after the country gained independence from the United States. It discusses how two traditions, the Euro-Hispanic and Anglo-American, merged into a Filipino literary tradition. Major literary figures and their works are mentioned, showing influences from existentialism and a search for national identity in a newly independent nation with strong cultural ties to the US. The period was one of transition as the Philippines developed its own voice within the global literary scene.
The document provides information on literature produced under U.S. colonialism in the Philippines. It discusses three groups of writers - those who wrote in Spanish and focused on nationalism, those who wrote in Tagalog and addressed social conditions, and those who wrote in English and imitated American styles. Several notable Filipino authors and their works are then described, including poems, short stories, plays and novels written in languages like Tagalog, Ilocano, Cebuano and Spanish during this period that touched on themes of independence, social issues, and love.
Harrison CoxWCS100LResearch PaperAuthoritarian Argentina as JeanmarieColbert3
Harrison Cox
WCS100L
Research Paper
Authoritarian Argentina as Shown in Vast Hell
Word Count: 924
In the 1970’s, the country of Argentina experienced incredible political upheaval. The “Argentine Nationalists” were on the rise and attempted to reconstruct a government that represented conservative authoritarian government. This uprising resembled the movement led by Franco during the Spanish civil war (Rock). Argentinian Nationalists believed that they were the opponents of capitalism and communism; their belief concluded that the modern age was entrapping human beings to become “automatons” (Rock). However, with this movement came extreme violations of human rights and tens of thousands of Argentinians disappeared. These people are introduced in Vast Hell, by Guillermo Martinez, a short story about the atrocities.
It was apparent to the United States government that before March of 1976, the situation in Argentina was deteriorating. Political instability was rampant; on March 24th, 1976, the Argentine military junta forcefully removed Isabel Peron from power (Thomas). Furthermore, developments of human rights issues were occurring within the country. The American embassy in Buenos Aires continued to collect information regarding human rights abuses and was documenting 9,000 kidnappings and disappearances (Thomas). The military dictatorship called themselves the “Process of National Organization”, or “Proceso”. This conflicting time in Argentina’s history is known as the Dirty War. Citizens suspected of alignment with socialist or leftist ideals were incarcerated, tortured, or ultimately murdered during this horrible period. An estimated thirty thousand Argentinians were kidnapped and disappeared by the military junta (Blakemore). In Spanish, these people became known as “desaparecidos”. Family and friends were searching desperately for their loved ones; the disappeared included children and pregnant women whose babies were forcefully taken (Blakemore). Other targets of the military junta included social workers, students, writers, journalists, artists, and suspected left-wing activists. Their outcome, if not murdered, were left detained in secret concentration camps throughout Argentina to silence the political dissidents (Hall). This was not a just war; the acts committed by the military junta were human rights violations and complete negation of the rules of war.
During this time in history the Marxist and Leninist ideals were popular. The military junta’s mission was to preserve Argentina’s “national being” against these leftist ideals (Gugliotta). Even after the military phase ended the commanders retained much of their power over the people of Argentina. The military commanders envisioned themselves as crusaders among the country’s people and were rescuing them from the horrible ideals of the leftists. These commanders set the precedence for the disastrous of the Falkland Islands in 1982 which concluded with the collapse of the Argent ...
Harrison cox wcs100l research paperauthoritarian argentina as simba35
The story is set in a small town in Argentina called Puente Viejo during the 1970s after a period of political upheaval and the rise of authoritarian rule. A young stranger pitches a tent at the edge of town and begins frequenting one of the town's two rival barbershops, owned by Cervino. Cervino's wife, known only as the "French Woman", entices customers with her beauty but also unsettles them. Both the young man and the French Woman suddenly disappear one day. The townspeople, led by a gossiping widow, begin digging in the sand dunes and make a gruesome discovery - a mass grave containing bodies from the country's violent past
- 1984 depicts a dystopian totalitarian society under the constant surveillance and control of the ruling Party.
- The protagonist Winston Smith secretly rebels against the Party by keeping a diary of his thoughts, which is illegal. He falls in love with Julia, who also hates the Party, and they join an underground anti-Party group.
- However, Winston is eventually captured and tortured by the Party, who successfully brainwash him into fully accepting the Party's ideology through manipulation of language and denial of objective truth.
During the 1930s, teens experienced hardship as many of their fathers lost jobs during the Great Depression. Schools sometimes closed due to lack of funding, leaving teens idle. Some teens left home to avoid being a burden on their families. Teens began to form their own distinct culture, relying on each other rather than older generations for support. Two high-profile court cases in the 1930s, the Scottsboro Boys trial and the Lindbergh kidnapping trial, exposed continuing racial tensions in the U.S. and captivated widespread public interest. Teens looked up to both heroes like Jesse Owens and gangsters like John Dillinger, blurring the lines between right and wrong. Through shared hardship, teens developed stronger bonds
The document provides a timeline of major eras in American literature from the Puritan era in the 1600s to the contemporary era. It includes the key authors, works, events, and movements that defined each era, such as Puritan writings in the 1600s, Revolutionary works in the 1700s, Romanticism and Transcendentalism in the 1800s, the Harlem Renaissance and World War I/II in the early 1900s, and the Civil Rights movement in the mid-1900s. The document is organized by era for easy navigation of American literary history.
Analysis of The House of the Spirits by Isabel AllendeAndrea May Malonzo
This is a summarized presentation on Isabel Allende's The House of the Spirits wherein I uses a historical-biographical approach to analyze the novel. It would be better interpreted using a feminist approach, but then what i tried to cover is the relationship of the setting and the characters to Chile's history.
A STUDY ON THE VARIOUS FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION IN HARPER LEE S TO KILL A MOC...Gina Rizzo
1. The document provides background information on Harper Lee and analyzes her novel To Kill a Mockingbird. It discusses Lee's childhood, education, career as a writer, and the themes and characters in her novel.
2. To Kill a Mockingbird takes place in 1930s Maycomb, Alabama and focuses on a lawyer named Atticus Finch who defends an African American man, Tom Robinson, against a false rape charge. The story is narrated by his daughter Scout Finch and explores issues of racial injustice and discrimination.
3. Harper Lee drew on her own experiences growing up in Alabama and worked for many years revising the novel before it was published in 1960. To Kill a Mocking
This document discusses a book by Alfred W. McCoy titled "Political Cartoons of the American Era (1900-1941)" which compiles 377 editorial cartoons from the Philippines during the American colonial period. McCoy provides historical context and analysis of the cartoons. The cartoons expressed Filipino attitudes towards American occupation and captured significant political and social issues of the time. They offer insights into the transition from Spanish to American rule and shed light on issues like corruption, press censorship, labor issues, and more. The document examines several example cartoons and their historical context. It discusses how such cartoons can enhance understanding of history and public opinion during that era in the Philippines.
This document provides background information on the research paper topic of how political exile shaped the works of Latin American poets Juan Gelman and Pablo Neruda. It gives a brief biography of each poet, outlining their lives and careers up until they were exiled from their home countries of Argentina and Chile, respectively, due to their political ideologies. The document establishes that both poets faced exile - Gelman in 1975 from Argentina during the Dirty War, and Neruda in 1948 from Chile after joining the Communist party. It provides historical context on the political situations in each country and sets up how the paper will analyze how each poet's style and themes evolved before and after experiencing exile.
Isabel Allende's memoir My Invented Country describes her life growing up in Chile and how the 1973 military coup forever changed her identity. She discusses her family history and upbringing in Santiago, and her work as a journalist which introduced her to writing. The coup led by Augusto Pinochet killed her cousin Salvador Allende and forced Allende into exile, living first in Venezuela and later California. Throughout the book, Allende explores Chilean history, culture, and politics before and after the coup, and how these events shaped her into the feminist writer she became today.
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
How To Cultivate Community Affinity Throughout The Generosity JourneyAggregage
This session will dive into how to create rich generosity experiences that foster long-lasting relationships. You’ll walk away with actionable insights to redefine how you engage with your supporters — emphasizing trust, engagement, and community!
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
RFP for Reno's Community Assistance CenterThis Is Reno
Property appraisals completed in May for downtown Reno’s Community Assistance and Triage Centers (CAC) reveal that repairing the buildings to bring them back into service would cost an estimated $10.1 million—nearly four times the amount previously reported by city staff.
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAYnarinav14
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the government’s broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
The Antyodaya Saral Haryana Portal is a pioneering initiative by the Government of Haryana aimed at providing citizens with seamless access to a wide range of government services
1. PRESENTATION BY KAILEY SASSE, PIERCE COLLEGE, WA
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
3. Historical Context
■ Covers period from 1930-1970 in Brazil
■ Brazilian dictatorship was beginning to take over (1964-1985)
■ Primary sector of the economy was the exportation of coffee, rubber, and cacao
– Coffee brought a wave of over 1 million European immigrants
– Coffee planters virtually owned the country and the government for 30 years until
worldwide depression evaporated coffee demand
■ Strong social contrasts were caused by the concentration of rural land ownership, political
exclusion, and the late abolition of slavery in 1888
■ Diversity; population includedAfricans (from slavery), Europeans, Asians, Amerindian, and
Middle Eastern
– Multiplicity of cultural legacies is a notable feature of current Brazilian culture
Photo from:https://www.flickr.com/photos/156493979@N02/26574852658/in/photolist-Guk4QN-h3GtCj-Uuehmx-XJY81x-jCZs4H-orbYQk-U6jGjF-dQJqkq-
Yiyhu9-jD15xK-4rXcrE-nM4aaq-U6oc4z-dWLBTh-4u3z7t-oSRem7-dv3DBw-dWLEUw-ooAm93-duWBbn-8bKW7f-dv3obf-RUnwYF-nQSd1a-kxZqQp-
4mCokE-dv3BG3-4vmAAb-3UQGVY-oHgcSY-4vmA2f-9XUghU-Hr5LRv-oozPu5-a4gYaQ-nwzSvK-a4Ebrm-bmRJtS-d62nYU-9eKNqW-qQ9jAn-6xqg2L-
o9z4T3-CMRTA-WcuCYk-faxgS1-7qAjbm-eftsf-2fF4tw-aEGAV9
4. Political Context
■ Northeast was experiencing drought; few had jobs, food, or water. 2 million lived
malnourished and poverty stricken (Angelo 11)
– Fueled the migration to cities
– Military did not like this
■ From 1888 to 1930 only 2-5 percent of the population could vote
– Women were not allowed to cast a ballot
■ Political parties were made up of large national parties and the predominance of
charismatic leaders (or populists) like GetulioVargas (elected president in 1950)
despite being a former dictator.
Photo from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/124259163@N07/26909596301/in/photolist-iWx4et-6LtPYH-hC84rg-7JiP1j-5g1zCo-CKF4t1-BXQkbT-
e3MYfJ-241yz6G-e4xUA8-8C7RRm-aw7yXa-95Z9kn-65Sc5G-4DCjf-No9Wt-M1VZXH-pU3PVD-73t2iy-cLEy5W-e1Hggw-MCb3K-dfHs6N-e3Gjm2-
e4DvsY-e3Gjmt-e3XwGT-dErbPT-xeaNXH-ABQeay-BpMt29-GZUHsV-RffH4q-xyt6Xi
5. Political Context
■ Brazilian dictatorship (1964-1985)
– Coup overthrew reformist government of PresidentJoaoGoulart and established an authoritarian
regime controlled by the military
– Military called it the “revolution”
– Street protests, social movements, and trade unions were closely monitored by political police and
military intelligence services
– Censors muzzled the arts and press
– Torture
■ At an international level, given the forceful anticommunism, the coup reflected the impact of theCold
War on Brazilian society
■ Conservatives (mainly middle class) had realized the military had come to power and had a political
project to restrict freedom of expression and political representation; classic principals of liberalism
■ The coup was backed by the United States Government
Photo From:https://www.flickr.com/photos/arquivonacionalbrasil/45908443502/in/photolist-LXpD6d-rrmLmL-Y1BZ9f-2aNH1WC-y6YML3-MU3r94-
P8tJco-23yUfcn-21eLRUK-YVfSKu-NoQ3x1-LyGDRn-L4izwL-Ma76t2-CrZXfA-BQs63y-L6wNHh-NqCKr7-SYtfnL-YZAEvk-XUTWWU-SYtfos-F5Yc3a-
21eKLzZ-LCz2mq-ZZF9sQ-wMdr3A-GFVZH4-26rLz2j-2diUS1F-2dmPm85-277Kn9w-6AdnGu-eNJyAU-ao2R87-CZbyVr-LHxTpK-2byeF4a-2aaKJMn-
22ub4X1-22c6RBE-2eeq53M-2byeDGn-2av7Srd-Pqo2yA-Fw8oZP-21RhwWq-23tTWLJ-2cWLLPY-FEEwEz
6. Cultural Context
■ Tropicalia: A Brazilian Revolution in Sound
– One of the most significant cultural movements in Brazil that encompassed music, film,
visual arts, and theater.
– Was born in 1968, lasted a little more than a year
– Leading Protagonists: CaetanoVeloso, and Gilberto Gil
– Diverse artists: David Bryne, Beck, Kurt Cobain, Stereolab
– CaetanoVeloso, and Gilberto Gil were arrested and imprisoned until they were finally
exiled in 1969
– A mode of analyzing and manipulating culture and political expression
– Rejected both sides versions of nationalism (the military government’s conservative
patriotism and left wing anti-imperialism)
7. Point ofView
■ Third Person omniscient: the novel
switches between numerous point of
views and involves numerous
characters- some go unnamed.
■ The narratives between each of the
characters are in first person, the
author adds “authors notes” towards
the end of the novel
8. Mood
■ Depressing- Many characters experienced some form of depression
■ Confusion- Not knowing who some of the characters are until “After the Celebration.”
Characters were quite confused about the government
■ Dark- Knowing that these refugees were killed because they were seeking refuge;The
mothers of the sons who “disappeared”
■ Hostile- A POV of a DOPS officer was given and he was quite hostile towards the
citizens of Brazil
■ Exciting- Roberto’s birthday party coming up and Andrea’s engagement
■ Tension-All events lead up to the refugees being killed and sent back to the drought
9. Protagonists
■ Carlos Bicalho, stood up for refugees at the train station
■ Samuel, the journalist
■ Lucio, explained what the police were doing to refugees to Samuel
■ Andrea, undeserving of all the misfortune in her life; worked in journalism
■ Roberto, stuck up businessman who threw the “celebration”
10. Plot
■ Husband andWife are experiencing hardships in their marriage, the husband is trying to kill his wife secretly; she keeps
dodging his attacks. Husband hasn’t talked toWife in years
■ Their anniversary comes and he seems normal again.Wife suspects he’s trying to kill her again- this time with poison.
■ Andrea’s pictures appear in the papers, her trial is in 1953
■ Andrea dreamed of becoming a journalist; she quit her job at the newspaper- she focused more on her column
■ Mother and Father have their son in 1941; Father wants to be the father he never had
■ Mother feels that she's losing her son in 1942- she becomes depressed very quickly, father begins to resent Mother.
■ Mother threatens to leave the house in 1946
■ Dr. Jorge reads the newspaper and realizes there is a drought in the Northeast
■ Dr. Jorge gets ready for Roberto Miranda’s party
■ The mother of Carlos grieves her son because he is never home- she worries about his safety
11. Plot
■ DOPS officer thinks his vulgarity is okay because he is just doing his job
■ 2 unnamed characters in a bar talk about a novel about the coup; the author plans to hide the actual meaning of the novel so it won’t get
censored
■ Unnamed neighbor finds out about Roberto's party
■ Carlos’s wife calls Samuel looking for her husband.The police ransacked their house and said her husband was arrested.She asks for his help
■ Samuel calls Mr. de Fernandes (Carlos’s lawyer), asking for help. De Fernandes refuses to help, says Carlos is a “pain in the ass”
■ Samuel leaves a drugstore to the Plaza to write an article about the refugees
■ Samuel arrives and counts the amount of police
■ Samuel interviews an investigator at the Plaza
■ Lucio gets Samuels attention and explains what is really happening to the refugees
■ Viriato (a refugee) reaccounts his journey through the crowds at the Plaza
■ Samuel buys a refugee family food and milk
■ The refugees and soldiers rest
12. Themes
■ A nation falling into darkness
– Using the stories of numerous people, how their economic status affected them
throughout it (poor were more affected, rich went on with their daily lives)
– Worry (numerous stories of mothers grieving their children who were “lost” but they
really weren’t.
– The hatred of (usually) the men towards the government, the author didn’t say one good
thing throughout the novel, neither did any of the male characters
– Journalists jobs began to be useless because of the censor; wanted to write stories about
the Northeasterners but they had slim chances of being published
– Reoccurred throughout the whole novel; you can tell when things became really bad
because it was brought up more often
13. Themes
■ A mother’s love never dies
– Multiple stories about mother’s grieving who their kids once were
– Mother 1: grieved the baby she once had, she didn’t like that he was growing up and
hated that he was closer to his father; she wanted to leave but her heart still
wanted her baby boy
– Mother 2: Her son was in college and was away all the time, he always came home
very late at night. She hated other girls, and didn’t want her son being with
someone who wasn’t a virgin. She wanted control but couldn’t have it anymore; but
still cared for her son more than anything
– These stories were significant because they were the longest and most in depth in
the entire novel
14. Themes
■ The strength of a nation
– Despite hardships everyone carried on
– The wealthy gave some food and drink to the suffering refugees despite police
orders
– Even though many were trapped at the train station, there was still hope because of
Carlos
15. Symbols
■ The Celebration:Although it seems there is a party (and there is one in the novel) the celebration
seems to be the act of the military setting fire to the train cars that the northeasterners arrived in, the
police brutally controlling the group (firing guns at point blank range, clubbing, isolating on
horseback)
– Calling it a “celebration” makes it seem less dark than it actually was.When we think of a
celebration, we think of something happy.
■ Grieving Mothers:Although their children weren’t really gone, their grief and how they were
“looking” for their sons to come back to them really symbols the mothers whos sons disappeared and
died during the coup.The mothers never stopped looking for their sons
■ Author’s Notes: Although very straight forward, he added his thoughts about the government to
really show how his characters were feeling at the time. He lived through the coup himself and gave
more insight and understanding to the story through his notes.
■ Unnamed Characters: Shows the impact of those who died who are still unnamed, only their families
know that they are missing.The government still doesn’t care to find these people.
16. Interpretation
I feel that in this novel Angelo was painting a picture of what it was like to live during the Brazilian coup; most importantly, how social
status affected the people who lived during this time.
The Celebration gives numerous point of views of people who lived during this time. It gave insight of how the poor were more affected
and repressed through stories of those like the Mother, Father, and Son stories.The Father didn’t talk good about the government at all,
and the Mother grieved her son, even though he as still alive and well.The mother represented the mothers who ‘s sons disappeared during
the coup and never returned home It gives perspective from Roberto, who was more fortunate and didn’t seem to realize what was going
on around him. Whenever a character went unnamed, it reminded me of those wo were taken and the government refused to
acknowledge it. It showed how “unimportant” the people’s lives were to them.
The point that I believe Angelo was trying to make while writing this novel, was to show the hardships that everyone faced in their daily
lives, and their fear of the government. An example of this is Andrea’s story, she lived a life where no one accepted her or took her
seriously, when her dreams cam true of becoming a journalist. But as a journalist, Andrea had to worry about being censored and possibly
tortured or killed.
Every character in Angelo’s story represents almost every part their society that was affected by the coup: Journalists, doctors,
businessmen, trades workers, students, mothers, fathers, kids, homosexuals, poor, rich, middle class., and a DOPS officer. I believe he
wanted readers to see the differences in the things that they were afraid of and how it affected their daily lives.
The stories at the beginning of the story were pre-coup, the middle of the story was when tensions of the government were beginning, and
the end of the novel was about the injustices of the injustices of the coup.
Angelo does an excellent job at representing those affected by the coup, and of sharing the stories of those who passed away in the Plaza
the day the refugees came. He even includes an index at the end sharing the stories of all his characters after the “celebration.”
17. Works Consulted
Becker, Marc. "Authoritarianism: Latin America." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas, edited by Maryanne Cline Horowitz, vol. 1,
Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2005, pp. 178-181. Gale Virtual Reference Library,
http://ezproxy.pierce.ctc.edu:2085/apps/doc/CX3424300069/GVRL?u=puya65247&sid=GVRL&xid=6b01b766.
"Federative Republic of Brazil." Gale Encyclopedia of World History: Governments, vol. 1, Gale, 2008. Gale Virtual Reference
Library,
http://ezproxy.pierce.ctc.edu:2085/apps/doc/CX3048600086/GVRL?u=puya65247&sid=GVRL&xid=1d3b3a0c
Loveman, Brian. "Dictatorship: Military Dictatorships in Latin America." The Oxford Encyclopedia of The Modern World, edited by
Peter N. Stearns, vol. 2, Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. 520-523. Gale Virtual Reference Library,
http://ezproxy.pierce.ctc.edu:2085/apps/doc/CX1549100560/GVRL?u=puya65247&sid=GVRL&xid=9f5bf2aa.
Moore, Christopher D. "Political and Military Coups." 21st Century Political Science: A Reference Handbook, edited by John T.
Ishiyama and Marijke Breuning, vol. 1, SAGE Reference, 2011, pp. 124-132. 21st Century Reference Series. Gale
Virtual Reference Library,
http://ezproxy.pierce.ctc.edu:2085/apps/doc/CX1701100025/GVRL?u=puya65247&sid=GVRL&xid=35bbc571.
“Tropicalia – A Brazilian Revolution in Sound | Soul Jazz Records.” Tropicalia – A Brazilian Revolution in Sound | Soul Jazz
Records, soundsoftheuniverse.com/sjr/product/tropicalia-a-brazilian-revolution-in-sound.
Werner, Michael. "Marxism: Latin America." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas, edited by Maryanne Cline Horowitz, vol. 4,
Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, pp. 1367-1370. Gale Virtual Reference Library,
http://ezproxy.pierce.ctc.edu:2085/apps/doc/CX3424300456/GVRL?u=puya65247&sid=GVRL&xid=b49de5cf.