The cabinet and exop
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The document compares the Cabinet and Executive Office of the President (EXOP) in terms of their importance to the President. It notes that the Cabinet plays a limited role by meeting infrequently and being overruled by the President. In contrast, the EXOP consists of close personal aides and components like the National Security Council that can play a more significant role in shaping policy. Ultimately, the significance of the Cabinet and EXOP depends on the individual leadership style of the President.
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The cabinet and exop
The document discusses the roles of the Cabinet and Executive Office of the President (EXOP) and their relative importance to the President. It notes that the Cabinet meets infrequently and the President can overrule it, while the EXOP consists of close personal aides that may have a longer-term relationship with the President and can spearhead policy initiatives. Overall, the importance of each group depends on the individual leadership style of the President.
The cabinet and exop
The document compares the Cabinet and the Executive Office of the President (EXOP) in terms of their importance to the President. The Cabinet tends to ensure the work of the executive branch is coordinated, but plays a limited role by meeting infrequently and members may not be close to the President. The EXOP consists of the President's personal aides in components like the NSC and OMB. EXOP members can play a more significant role through closer proximity and longer-term relationships with the President. However, some Cabinet members have also significantly shaped policy. The importance of each depends on the individual President's leadership style.
Roles of the president
The document outlines several roles of the President of the United States. As Commander-in-Chief, the President has supreme authority over the military but Congress declares war. As Chief Executive, the President must work with Congress to enact their agenda and compromise on issues. As Chief Diplomat, the President negotiates treaties and conducts foreign relations to protect American interests abroad.
Roles of the president
The document outlines the various roles and responsibilities of the President of the United States. It discusses that the President is elected to a four-year term and can only serve two terms. The main roles of the President are as chief of state, chief executive, chief diplomat, commander-in-chief, chief legislator, head of their political party, and chief economic planner. In these roles, the President represents the country, enforces laws, conducts foreign policy, commands the armed forces, works with Congress to pass laws, helps their party, and monitors the economy.
Presidential Roles
The document outlines several roles of the US President including chief of state, chief executive, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, party leader, and economic planner. It provides examples and descriptions of the responsibilities associated with each role, such as representing the country, enforcing laws, conducting foreign policy, leading the military, proposing and signing bills, helping their political party, and monitoring economic indicators.
Presidential Roles
The document outlines several roles of the President of the United States including chief of state, chief executive, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, party leader, and economic planner. It provides examples and descriptions of the responsibilities associated with each role such as awarding medals and making treaties as chief of state, appointing officials and issuing executive orders as chief executive, and directing foreign policy and hosting foreign leaders as chief diplomat.
Roles of the President
The document outlines the six main roles of the President of the United States: chief executive, chief diplomat, commander-in-chief, legislative leader, head of state, and economic leader. As chief executive, the President carries out laws and appoints judges and cabinet members. As chief diplomat, the President directs foreign policy, negotiates treaties, and appoints ambassadors. As commander-in-chief, the President backs foreign policy with military force and orders troops into battle.
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The president has many roles including chief executive, chief of state, chief diplomat, commander in chief, legislative leader, economic chief, and party chief. As chief executive, the president enforces laws through executive agencies and orders. As chief diplomat, the president makes foreign policy and appoints ambassadors. As commander in chief, the president leads the armed forces but is limited by Congress according to the War Powers Resolution.
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The cabinet and exop
The document discusses the roles of the Cabinet and Executive Office of the President (EXOP) and their relative importance to the President. It notes that the Cabinet meets infrequently and the President can overrule it, while the EXOP consists of close personal aides that may have a longer-term relationship with the President and can spearhead policy initiatives. Overall, the importance of each group depends on the individual leadership style of the President.
The cabinet and exop
The document compares the Cabinet and the Executive Office of the President (EXOP) in terms of their importance to the President. The Cabinet tends to ensure the work of the executive branch is coordinated, but plays a limited role by meeting infrequently and members may not be close to the President. The EXOP consists of the President's personal aides in components like the NSC and OMB. EXOP members can play a more significant role through closer proximity and longer-term relationships with the President. However, some Cabinet members have also significantly shaped policy. The importance of each depends on the individual President's leadership style.
Roles of the president
The document outlines several roles of the President of the United States. As Commander-in-Chief, the President has supreme authority over the military but Congress declares war. As Chief Executive, the President must work with Congress to enact their agenda and compromise on issues. As Chief Diplomat, the President negotiates treaties and conducts foreign relations to protect American interests abroad.
Roles of the president
The document outlines the various roles and responsibilities of the President of the United States. It discusses that the President is elected to a four-year term and can only serve two terms. The main roles of the President are as chief of state, chief executive, chief diplomat, commander-in-chief, chief legislator, head of their political party, and chief economic planner. In these roles, the President represents the country, enforces laws, conducts foreign policy, commands the armed forces, works with Congress to pass laws, helps their party, and monitors the economy.
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The document outlines several roles of the US President including chief of state, chief executive, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, party leader, and economic planner. It provides examples and descriptions of the responsibilities associated with each role, such as representing the country, enforcing laws, conducting foreign policy, leading the military, proposing and signing bills, helping their political party, and monitoring economic indicators.
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The document outlines several roles of the President of the United States including chief of state, chief executive, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, party leader, and economic planner. It provides examples and descriptions of the responsibilities associated with each role such as awarding medals and making treaties as chief of state, appointing officials and issuing executive orders as chief executive, and directing foreign policy and hosting foreign leaders as chief diplomat.
Roles of the President
The document outlines the six main roles of the President of the United States: chief executive, chief diplomat, commander-in-chief, legislative leader, head of state, and economic leader. As chief executive, the President carries out laws and appoints judges and cabinet members. As chief diplomat, the President directs foreign policy, negotiates treaties, and appoints ambassadors. As commander-in-chief, the President backs foreign policy with military force and orders troops into battle.
Roles Of The President
The president has many roles including chief executive, chief of state, chief diplomat, commander in chief, legislative leader, economic chief, and party chief. As chief executive, the president enforces laws through executive agencies and orders. As chief diplomat, the president makes foreign policy and appoints ambassadors. As commander in chief, the president leads the armed forces but is limited by Congress according to the War Powers Resolution.
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John Rawls (1921-2002) was a hugely influential US philosopher known for attempting to reconcile liberal beliefs in freedom with the need to prevent excessive inequality in society. His best known work, A Theory of Justice (1972), proposed a thought experiment where people create a just society from behind a "veil of ignorance" without knowing their place in it. Rawls argued this would lead people to choose principles guaranteeing equal rights, respect for all, and a minimum standard of living so that the worst off are not below a certain level, even if this requires some inequalities. He called this the "difference principle."
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The document outlines the various powers of the US President, including powers they wield alone such as serving as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, receiving ambassadors, and granting pardons. Some powers are shared with the Senate, like making treaties and appointing ambassadors and judges. Other powers are shared with Congress, such as approving legislation. The President also acts as the head of their party and uses the bully pulpit to push their agenda.
As constitutional, parliamentary and electoral reform
The document discusses various electoral systems used in the UK, including majoritarian systems like FPTP and alternative vote (AV), proportional representation systems like party list and single transferable vote (STV), and hybrid systems like additional member system (AMS). It also examines the impact that electoral reform has had on different political parties in the UK and prospects for further reform.
The executive branch the presidency
The document provides information about the executive branch of the US government. It discusses the president's constitutional powers, notable past presidents, the increasing role of the president over time, and the president's ability to persuade rather than command. It also outlines the vice president's role and increasing responsibilities. Additionally, it examines the cabinet, federal bureaucracy, and Executive Office of the President, including key offices like the White House Office and roles like the Chief of Staff. Iron triangles and tensions between the cabinet and EOP are also mentioned.
As parliament
The documents provide information about parliamentary systems of government and compare the UK and US systems. The UK has a parliamentary democracy where the government is formed from and accountable to Parliament. Key powers of Parliament include representation of citizens, lawmaking, scrutiny of the executive, and recruiting ministers from among MPs. Committees provide one method for scrutiny but their effectiveness is debated.
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The Whole Equation: The Vice President as Advisor
This is a continuation of my PhD dissertation that is more focused on the question what kinds of unique advice the VP can provide the president.
Dissertation defenseslides
The document discusses the evolving role of the vice president in national security from a "constitutional appendage" to a more influential position, examining theories for this change. It analyzes seven influential vice presidents across three theories: 1) increased demands on modern presidents create VP roles, 2) institutionalization of the VP position provides resources for influence, and 3) outsider presidents rely on VPs' expertise and experience. Key factors enabling VP influence included the president selecting the running mate, access to the president, staff/resources, and allies in government. When outsider presidents faced unfamiliar national security issues, experienced VPs were well positioned to advise and influence policy decisions.
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The document discusses the evolution of the presidency from its early years to modern times. It describes the debates around how the president should be elected and the compromise of the electoral college. It also outlines different structures of the White House office that presidents have adopted and the various councils and offices that comprise the Executive Office of the Presidency, such as the National Security Council and Office of Management and Budget.
Presidentialisation pm
The document discusses whether the role of the Prime Minister in the UK has become similar to a president. It notes that PMs now have increased importance in foreign affairs and as commander-in-chief. Additionally, the growth of special advisers and the PM's media profile separates them from the government and portrays them as a lone leader. However, the PM is still not head of state and does not have a separate authority from the rest of the government like a president. The document analyzes how the powers of several past PMs, like Thatcher and Blair, have grown in a more presidential style.
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The document discusses the nature and role of the British cabinet and the prime minister's relationship with it. It notes that the cabinet is typically composed of 20-25 politicians appointed by the PM. Cabinet meetings are normally weekly and chaired by the PM. Collective responsibility means all cabinet ministers must publicly support decisions. There is debate around whether the British PM has become more presidential in style with greater individual power or remains first among equals in a cabinet system of collective decision making.
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The document summarizes the four core functions of the House of Lords: making laws, holding the government accountable, acting as a forum of independent expertise, and carrying out judicial work as the highest court in the UK. It provides details on how the House of Lords spends its time scrutinizing legislation, questioning government ministers, and debating policies. It also gives examples of how Lords committees have influenced policy areas like mental health and internet security by gathering evidence from experts.
Imperial presidency v imperilled
The document contrasts the "Imperial Presidency" of the 1960s-70s, when presidential power grew due to expanding foreign policy roles and deference from Congress, culminating in Nixon's presidency and the abuses of Vietnam and Watergate, with the "Imperilled Presidency" of the 1970s, when Congress acted to increase oversight of the president through new organizations, laws, and by threatening Nixon with impeachment to reduce unchecked executive power in the aftermath of the Nixon presidency's abuses.
The british constitution
The British constitution is not set out in a single document but rather has evolved over many years through a combination of written laws, court rulings, conventions and traditions. It serves several functions including distributing power, protecting freedoms, defining limits on government, and providing stability. Unlike other nations like the US, the British constitution is partly written and uncodified, with sources scattered across documents, and can be amended through regular acts of parliament rather than a special process. Recent constitutional reforms under New Labour focused on areas like the House of Lords, devolution, freedom of information and human rights.
Judges
This document presents information about the court system and human rights in the UK in a slideshow format. It discusses the different levels of courts, including magistrates courts, crown courts, appeal courts, and the Law Lords. It also addresses civil courts like county courts and the high court. Additionally, it covers ways that human rights are protected, such as through judicial review, administrative tribunals, and political processes. Finally, it discusses police accountability to the public, MPs, and authorities like the Complaints Authority and Police Authority.
Independence or neutrality
Judges in many countries are intended to be independent and impartial arbiters of the law who are not influenced by political pressures or personal biases. They aim to decide cases fairly based solely on the facts and law, and avoid any conflicts of interest, in order to uphold the principle that everyone is equal before the law. However, it can be difficult to be completely unaffected by one's own background or experience.
Judicial review as
Judicial review refers to the process by which courts scrutinize actions by the legislature, executive, and other government bodies. Courts have the power to interpret statutes and review administrative actions for legal authority. While UK courts cannot strike down legislation due to parliamentary sovereignty, they can review statutes for compliance with EU law or human rights and determine whether executive actions exceed legal powers. Courts balance interpreting the letter and intention of the law, and their scrutiny of government has increased in recent decades in the UK.
As the judiciary
The judiciary upholds and interprets the law, and is intended to perform these functions independently and neutrally. Judicial independence means judges can resist political pressure, as they cannot be easily removed and are appointed based on ability rather than politics. However, critics argue judges may still be influenced by their social backgrounds or political considerations in some cases. The judiciary can defend civil liberties through judicial review and interpreting laws, but is ultimately constrained by the law and parliament.
Prime minister
The Prime Minister has become increasingly powerful over time, with some arguing the role has become similar to a presidency. Prime Ministers now emphasize personal leadership over the public and distance themselves from their party when needed. The office has also become personalized with the Prime Minister representing the party and its policies. Different Prime Ministers exhibit different styles of leadership from innovators seeking goals to balancers prioritizing stability. Thatcher was a dominant conviction politician while Blair centralized power and adopted a top-down style.
Bureaucracies
The document compares the bureaucracies of the US federal government and UK civil service. Both play central roles in policymaking for their respective governments, though the US bureaucracy is more decentralized across various departments and agencies. While civil servants in the UK receive guidance from permanent secretaries, leadership in the US changes with each new administration. Both systems face pressures of "agencification" through the growth of semi-autonomous bodies, and job losses, but the US system is more influenced by patronage and political appointments compared to the UK's permanent career structure.
How can the president circumvent congress
Executive orders allow presidents to manage operations within the federal government without congressional approval, though their scope is limited. Presidents since the 1950s generally cite which laws they are acting under when issuing executive orders. Signing statements allow presidents to interpret laws as they are signed, which some view as improperly modifying the meaning Congress intended. Executive agreements allow presidents to make international agreements without Senate ratification, and have been increasingly used, especially during wartime.
How can the president circumvent congress
This document discusses several ways a president can circumvent Congress, including through executive orders, signing statements, and executive agreements. It provides details on the constitutional basis and historical use of each tool. Executive orders allow presidents to manage operations within the executive branch. Signing statements are used to interpret or modify the meaning of new laws. Executive agreements are international agreements made by the executive without Senate ratification.
Exop & pmo2
This document contrasts the roles and functions of the EXOP, PMO, OMB, NSC, and various units within the PMO. The EXOP includes the President's closest advisors and confidants, such as the Press Secretary and Chief of Staff, who provide policy advice, liaison, and administration. The PMO directorates focus on policy, communications and strategy, government and public relations. The OMB helps organize the President's budget and guides it through Congress, also providing financial advice. The NSC advises the President on national security issues. Units within the PMO control information to the PM, manage relations with the public and party, process media questions, and provide policy advice and ensure departments deliver
How can presidents win in congress
The document discusses the powers and responsibilities of the US Presidency, including proposing legislation, submitting budgets, signing or vetoing bills, and making nominations. It also examines factors that influence a president's ability to pass their agenda, such as whether the government is divided or united, the president's popularity, and whether a crisis increases their authority. A successful president uses both formal powers and informal persuasion, along with having a mandate, skill, and circumstances in their favor to move proposals through Congress.
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◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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◇申请留学生创业基金
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
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◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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केरल उच्च न्यायालय ने 11 जून, 2024 को मंडला पूजा में भाग लेने की अनुमति मांगने वाली 10 वर्षीय लड़की की रिट याचिका को खारिज कर दिया, जिसमें सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की एक बड़ी पीठ के समक्ष इस मुद्दे की लंबित प्रकृति पर जोर दिया गया। यह आदेश न्यायमूर्ति अनिल के. नरेंद्रन और न्यायमूर्ति हरिशंकर वी. मेनन की खंडपीठ द्वारा पारित किया गया
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The cabinet and exop
- 1. W H I C H I S M O R E I M P O R T A N T T O T H E P R E S I D E N T ? The Cabinet and EXOP
- 2. Cabinet Cabinet tends to be used to ensure that the work of the executive branch is directed and drawn together Membership includes........... It generally plays only a limited role – it meets infrequently and President may overrule it Cabinet members may not have a close relationship with the President Unlike British PM not totally reliant on their support
- 3. EXOP Consists of personal aides/different components NSC, OMB and WHO NS adviser used in different ways – Kissinger spearheaded foreign policy initiatives with China during Nixon; Clinton’s advisers eclipsed by secs of state – Christopher and Albright Can play a more significant role – why? ‘staffers’ in EXOP more likely to be long term associates Cabinet members torn between their loyalty to the President, departments and interest groups Closer proximity
- 4. Evaluation points Presidents have used EOP and Cabinet in different ways – Nixon overdependent on his closest aides – Watergate affair Significance of Cabinet depends upon individual style of Presidents – Eisenhower collective decision making Reagan used Cabinet councils – 6-11 cabinet members to advise & develop policy
- 5. Evaluation points Some Cabinet members have played an important role in shaping policy eg. James Baker Secretary of State 1989-93 close relationship with Bush snr; Rice and Rumsfeld. Importance of bilateral meetings President is the sole source of political authority and Cabinet has no formal role. Use of it is at the President’s discretion Rallying and mobilising support for particular policies
- 6. Evaluation points David Mervin ‘ Presidents have the gravest difficulties as it is gaining control of a notoriously fractious political system, without the expertise and assistance of the EOP they would helpless and the US would be truly ungovernable’.