This document discusses reforming apprenticeships in the UK. It outlines that the goal is to tackle youth unemployment, improve productivity, and provide good value for public money by increasing quality and simplifying apprenticeships while giving employers more ownership. It identifies ten "thorny issues" around the new apprenticeship standards, pricing, funding non-levy paying employers, ensuring quality, incentives and payments, and the capacity of new apprenticeship delivery organizations. It concludes that while policy details are important, wider environmental factors beyond any single policymaker's control could impact apprenticeships the most, and a climate of constant change and uncertainty may prove the greatest disincentive.