The document discusses the history and challenges facing African American families in the United States. It describes how slavery made it difficult for African American slaves to form family units and the high mortality rates further complicated family formation. Over time, African American families developed their own system of kinship that emphasized extended family and community. However, policies in the 20th century disproportionately impacted African American families and removed children from their homes at higher rates due to biases in the system. Research shows African American children are overrepresented in the child welfare system today.
This guide provides practical examples and case studies. It provides methods of addressing the issues and how to respond to the issues. It is against the backdrop of the understanding that religious leaders and traditional leaders are two of the closest institutions to the citizenry. They are central to decision making in various families and also by individuals.
Capstone Presentation for the Grambing State University Symposium. Presented by Vonthisha Wiley, Thomika Andrews, Yolanda Adams, Caterra Brooms, and Tiffany Tolliver
This guide provides practical examples and case studies. It provides methods of addressing the issues and how to respond to the issues. It is against the backdrop of the understanding that religious leaders and traditional leaders are two of the closest institutions to the citizenry. They are central to decision making in various families and also by individuals.
Capstone Presentation for the Grambing State University Symposium. Presented by Vonthisha Wiley, Thomika Andrews, Yolanda Adams, Caterra Brooms, and Tiffany Tolliver
It is an outcome of state of art systematic review of literature. It provides insights about the cause, consequences and future concerns of violence against women in India
This short-but-thorough presentation from IWMI’s Valentine J Gandhi provides a valuable introduction to the gender analysis in agricultural research. Covering the many reasons for undertaking gender-sensitive research and the tools available for the job, it also looks at the skills required in an effective gender researcher, and ways to analyze and interpret results.
CH. 8 Black FamiliesIngrid L. Cockhren, M.Ed1.docxsleeperharwell
CH. 8: Black Families
Ingrid L. Cockhren, M.Ed
1
How would you describe the makeup of your family??
We will cover all of that in the next 25 minutes!
2
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
Estimated 30% of U.S. families conform to traditional structure of father, mother, & child
3
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
Proportion of AAs who live in heterosexual, married coupled families has declined sharply over the last few decades such that marriage has become a minority lifestyle
34% of African Americans are married
22% are widowed, divorced, or separated
4 out of 10 African American men and women have never been married (highest of any racial group)
4
Do you plan on getting married??
We will cover all of that in the next 25 minutes!
5
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
Nearly half (48%) of all African American families are maintained by women with no spouse present.
75 percent of all Black children born in the last 2 decades are likely to live for some portion of their childhood with only their mothers.
Poverty is highest in families maintained by women with no spouse present.
35% of African American families
17% of White families
6
Which category best fits your parents??
We will cover all of that in the next 25 minutes!
7
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
AA women have the highest rates of martial separation & are more likely to remain separated without getting a legal divorce.
Why?
Cohabitation as an alternative to marriage is more common among Blacks
Why?
Possibly because male income & employment are lowest among minorities; male economic status may be an important determinant as to whether a man feels ready to marry and a woman wants to marry him
8
Characteristics of the Black Family
The Black family is an institution that contains “historical traditions” that set them apart from the European American, Middle class family ideal.
Billingsley (1968) proposes 5 general statements that characterize families of African descent:
They are extended in form
Have fictive kin
Have supportive family patterns
Have flexible family boundaries
Have flexible gender roles in child rearing
Nobles (1985) emphasizes the communalistic socialization of children & the role of the elderly
9
Characteristics of the Black Family
Perspective on the Black Family
A deficit perspective has historically been used to characterize African American families as deprived, disadvantaged, and poorly educated.
Many of the empirical investigations on Black families have used European American, middle –class families as the standard of comparison.
Using Whites as the standard is methodologically limited and often results in the biased interpretation of study findings.
10
Alternative Structures in the Black Family
Black Fathers
Much of the early research on Black children has been matricentric, or mother-centered
AA fathers represent a significant position in the Black fam.
It is an outcome of state of art systematic review of literature. It provides insights about the cause, consequences and future concerns of violence against women in India
This short-but-thorough presentation from IWMI’s Valentine J Gandhi provides a valuable introduction to the gender analysis in agricultural research. Covering the many reasons for undertaking gender-sensitive research and the tools available for the job, it also looks at the skills required in an effective gender researcher, and ways to analyze and interpret results.
CH. 8 Black FamiliesIngrid L. Cockhren, M.Ed1.docxsleeperharwell
CH. 8: Black Families
Ingrid L. Cockhren, M.Ed
1
How would you describe the makeup of your family??
We will cover all of that in the next 25 minutes!
2
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
Estimated 30% of U.S. families conform to traditional structure of father, mother, & child
3
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
Proportion of AAs who live in heterosexual, married coupled families has declined sharply over the last few decades such that marriage has become a minority lifestyle
34% of African Americans are married
22% are widowed, divorced, or separated
4 out of 10 African American men and women have never been married (highest of any racial group)
4
Do you plan on getting married??
We will cover all of that in the next 25 minutes!
5
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
Nearly half (48%) of all African American families are maintained by women with no spouse present.
75 percent of all Black children born in the last 2 decades are likely to live for some portion of their childhood with only their mothers.
Poverty is highest in families maintained by women with no spouse present.
35% of African American families
17% of White families
6
Which category best fits your parents??
We will cover all of that in the next 25 minutes!
7
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
AA women have the highest rates of martial separation & are more likely to remain separated without getting a legal divorce.
Why?
Cohabitation as an alternative to marriage is more common among Blacks
Why?
Possibly because male income & employment are lowest among minorities; male economic status may be an important determinant as to whether a man feels ready to marry and a woman wants to marry him
8
Characteristics of the Black Family
The Black family is an institution that contains “historical traditions” that set them apart from the European American, Middle class family ideal.
Billingsley (1968) proposes 5 general statements that characterize families of African descent:
They are extended in form
Have fictive kin
Have supportive family patterns
Have flexible family boundaries
Have flexible gender roles in child rearing
Nobles (1985) emphasizes the communalistic socialization of children & the role of the elderly
9
Characteristics of the Black Family
Perspective on the Black Family
A deficit perspective has historically been used to characterize African American families as deprived, disadvantaged, and poorly educated.
Many of the empirical investigations on Black families have used European American, middle –class families as the standard of comparison.
Using Whites as the standard is methodologically limited and often results in the biased interpretation of study findings.
10
Alternative Structures in the Black Family
Black Fathers
Much of the early research on Black children has been matricentric, or mother-centered
AA fathers represent a significant position in the Black fam.
CH. 8: Black Families
Ingrid L. Cockhren, M.Ed
1
How would you describe the makeup of your family??
We will cover all of that in the next 25 minutes!
2
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
Estimated 30% of U.S. families conform to traditional structure of father, mother, & child
3
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
Proportion of AAs who live in heterosexual, married coupled families has declined sharply over the last few decades such that marriage has become a minority lifestyle
34% of African Americans are married
22% are widowed, divorced, or separated
4 out of 10 African American men and women have never been married (highest of any racial group)
4
Do you plan on getting married??
We will cover all of that in the next 25 minutes!
5
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
Nearly half (48%) of all African American families are maintained by women with no spouse present.
75 percent of all Black children born in the last 2 decades are likely to live for some portion of their childhood with only their mothers.
Poverty is highest in families maintained by women with no spouse present.
35% of African American families
17% of White families
6
Which category best fits your parents??
We will cover all of that in the next 25 minutes!
7
Demographic Characteristics of The Black Family
AA women have the highest rates of martial separation & are more likely to remain separated without getting a legal divorce.
Why?
Cohabitation as an alternative to marriage is more common among Blacks
Why?
Possibly because male income & employment are lowest among minorities; male economic status may be an important determinant as to whether a man feels ready to marry and a woman wants to marry him
8
Characteristics of the Black Family
The Black family is an institution that contains “historical traditions” that set them apart from the European American, Middle class family ideal.
Billingsley (1968) proposes 5 general statements that characterize families of African descent:
They are extended in form
Have fictive kin
Have supportive family patterns
Have flexible family boundaries
Have flexible gender roles in child rearing
Nobles (1985) emphasizes the communalistic socialization of children & the role of the elderly
9
Characteristics of the Black Family
Perspective on the Black Family
A deficit perspective has historically been used to characterize African American families as deprived, disadvantaged, and poorly educated.
Many of the empirical investigations on Black families have used European American, middle –class families as the standard of comparison.
Using Whites as the standard is methodologically limited and often results in the biased interpretation of study findings.
10
Alternative Structures in the Black Family
Black Fathers
Much of the early research on Black children has been matricentric, or mother-centered
AA fathers represent a significant position in the Black fam ...
Women and prescription on opioids is focus of this research paper. The author examines the history of prescription opioids and their affect on women in the United States. The author also discusses that state of the prescription opioids epidemic as well as the policies and regulations trying to address it.
The Adoption and Safe Families Act or ASFA (1997) is focus of this policy analysis paper. The author provides a thorough policy analysis of ASFA and its negative affects on African American families. Policy history, statistics, and recommendations, is also discussed.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. African Tribes
Afar Anlo-Ewe Amhara
Ashanti Bakongo Bambara
Bemba Berber Bobo
Bushmen/San Chewa Dogon
Fang Fon Fulani Ibos Kikuyu
Maasai Mandinka Pygmies
Samburu Senufo Tuareg
Wolof Yoruba Zulu
2. The African Family
♦ Collectively Thinking People:
Village, Amass, Accumulative,
Concentrate, Congregate,
Assemble, Flock, Gather
It takes a village to raise a
child.
Blended Families made one
family.
Unity
3. The African Family
♦ Our families consist of
Grandmother,
Grandfather, Uncle (if
single), Auntie (if
single), Mother,
Father, children, and
community. That was
the collectively
thinking we shared in
times pass. That was
the nucleus of the
African family.
4. The African American Family
the Creation of Separatism
♦ During the seventeenth century,
slaves had little opportunity to
establish family units. Newly
imported African slaves were often
kept in sex-segregated quarters. In
the Chesapeake colonies and the
Carolinas, most slaves lived on
plantations with fewer than ten
slaves. These units were so small
and so widely dispersed, and the
sex ratio was so skewed (two
women for three men) that it was
difficult for slave men and women
to find spouse of roughly the same
age.
5. The African American Family
the Creation of Separatism
♦ A high death rate
compounded the
difficulties slaves
faced in forming
families, since many
slaves did not live
long enough to marry
or, if they did, their
marriages were brief
6. The African American Family
the Creation of Separatism
♦ By the 1770s, slaves had
succeeded in creating a
distinctive African American
system of family and kinship.
To sustain a sense of family
identity, slave children were
often named from parent or
other blood kin or given a
traditional African name.
♦ The major reasons why slaves
fled their masters’ plantations
was to visit spouses, children,
siblings, aunts, uncles, and
grandparents.
7. The African American Family
the Creation of Separatism
♦ 1950s, African American
culture places greater emphasis
on ties to a network of kin that
can extend over more than one
household. Extended kin such
as the grandparents, parents,
and children who provide and
to receive more help from each
other. They also live together
more often about half of all
middle-aged African American
women, live in a threegeneration household at some
point.
8. Daniel Patrick Moynihan
The Negro Family: The Case For National Action (1965)
♦ Produced as part of LBJ’s war
on poverty
♦ “At the heart of the deterioration
of the fabric of Negro society is
the deterioration of the Negro
family”
♦ Argued patterns observed by
Frazier were growing and would
not stop without intervention
♦ Advocated coordinated government
programs to strengthen black
family
9. Moynihan Report Controversies
Moynihan had it backwards:
♦ single parenthood was the
consequence of poverty, not the
cause of it.
♦ Moynihan ignored the strength
and resilience of the black
family, and denigrated black
culture
♦ Dozens of historical studies
argued that black families in the
nineteenth century were maleheaded, nuclear, just like white
families
10. No marriage boom for black men
♦ After the war, blacks were forced
off southern farms by
mechanization and consolidation of
sharecropping farms.
♦ This resulted in massive dislocation
and a rise of young men with no
occupation.
♦ Without the shift from farming into
no occupation, there would have
been a substantial black post-war
marriage boom.
♦ There was no marriage boom for
blacks because there was no
economic boom for blacks.
11. The African American Family the
Creation of Separatism
Shifts in the approach to societal
problems during the twentieth century
helped to shape child welfare policies.
Roberts explains in Shattered Bonds,
“by the early twentieth century,
rescuing children from maltreatment
by removing them from their homes
was part of a broader campaign to
remedy social ills, including poverty.
This movement created the juvenile
courts, opposed child labor, lobbied
for mandatory school attendance laws,
and established pensions for widows
and single mothers to reduce the need
for child removal. It judged poor
families by an elitist standard and
ignored black children altogether Roberts
(2002b:14).
12. The African American Family
the Creation of Separatism
Roberts goes on to explain that the
“early reformers tied children’s
welfare to social conditions that could
only be improved through societal
reforms. This movement ended in the
1970s, with the emergence of a new
emphasis on disassociating unpopular
poverty programs from the problem of
child abuse. The intent was to show
that abuse was a problem for all of
America, not just for those in poverty
Roberts (2002b:14).
13. The African American Family
the Creation of Separatism
This change created a focus on saving the
child, while the family was de-emphasized
as a factor in helping children. The rules
governing the administration of welfare
programs became more restrictive, with
regulations designed to change behavior.
Systemic and individual bias inherent in
policies and procedures ensured the
removal of children from their families
instead of offering supports for children
while they remained with their own
families. At the same time, the visibility
of the impoverished and specifically
minority families became more
pronounced Roberts (2002b:14).
14. The African American Family the Creation of Separatism
The investigation and substantiation processes utilize certain
assessment protocols, investigative requirements an
procedures, and methodologies to confirm the actions taken
or rationale for the exclusions. There is evidence suggesting
that race plays a role at the investigation decision point. As
reported by Hill, Sedlak and Shultz’s 2001 reanalysis of
National Institutes Health (NIH-3) data found “higher rates of
investigations for Africa Americans than Caucasians:
(a) among children who were emotionally maltreated or,
physically neglected;
(b) among children who suffered serious or
fatal injuries;
(c) when reports came from mental health or
social service professionals; and
(d) when the parents were
substance abusers Hill (2001: 5).
15. The African American Family the Creation of
Separatism
Also, even though data from the National Incidence Studies (NIS) of Child Abuse
and Neglect have consistently indicated that there is no significant racial
difference in the overall incidence of abuse and neglect between minority and
white children, the data do indicate disparities in investigations of child
abuse and neglect:
♦ African American children who were emotionally maltreated or physically neglected
were much more likely to be investigated than white children similarly maltreated.
♦
African American children who suffered fatal or serious injury were much more likely to
receive CPS[Child Protective Services] investigation than white children with
comparable severe injuries.
♦
African American children whose maltreatment was recognized by mental health or
social service professionals were more likely to be investigated than comparable white
children.
♦
African American children whose perpetrator was involved with alcohol or drugs were
much more likely to receive CPS investigation Sedlak and Schultz (2005: 114 -115) .
16. I believe that every African American child has a purpose, a “gift to offer
the world.” However, in America’s society the dangerous outcomes of
childbirth are insufficient or imaginary health care, poverty, lack of proper
food or education for nourishment. In addition, poor housing conditions,
juvenile systems, and the most dangerous “The Child Welfare System.”
While African American children make up about one-fifth of the children in
this country, research indicates that they make up two-fifths of the children
in the child welfare system (Roberts 2002a: 3). Children of color are more
likely to be detached from their parents, the family unit and the community
they are familiar, placed in out-of-home, institutions group homes and outof- state care. They also are more likely to remain in care for longer periods
than Caucasian children are. In addition, to all the other affiliations of being
an African American child the chances of the survival during the early years
makes the child turn against his/her self.
17. Public Policies and Practices in Child
Welfare Systems that Affect Life Options
for Children of Color
ERNESTINE F. JONES
18. Micro-Mezzo, Macro Intervention
♦ The Wraparound approach
♦ Realize that African Americans have different
communication styles.
♦ Appreciate the diversity of family types among African
Americans
♦ Encourage political advocacy/Community Organizing
19. References
♦
Dhooper S. and Moore S. (2001: 99-103) Social Work Practice with Cuturally Diverse People. Sage
Publication, Inc.
♦
Hill, R. 2001. Disproportionality of Minorities in Child Welfare: Synthesis
of Research Findings. Paper prepared for Race Matters Consortium.
http://www.racemattersconsortium.org/docs/whopaper4.pdf.
♦
Roberts, D. E. 2002a. Racial Disproportionality in the U. S. Child
Welfare System (Working Paper #4): Documentation, Research on Causes,
and Promising Practices. Northwestern University School of Law,
Institute for Policy Research (August).
♦
Roberts, D. E. 2002b. Shattered Bonds: The Color of Child Welfare.
New York: Basic Books/Civitas.
♦
Sedlak, A., and D. Schultz. 2005. Race Matters in Child Welfare: Race
Differences in Child Protective Services Investigation of Abused and Neglected
Children. CWLA Press.
♦
University of Minnesota Population Center African-American Families
http://ipums.org