It is the presentation of the paper "The accomplishment of the phenomenon of perfect optical cloaking using a multi-lens system" which was presented in the conference " First iiScience International Conference 2020" on 3rd March 2020. Which is published in the proceedings of SPIE (IF: 0.56)
Here is the Doi of the paper : DOI: 10.1117/12.2574944
and here are the links of paper:
https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/11561/2574944/The-accomplishment-of-the-phenomenon-of-perfect-optical-cloaking-using/10.1117/12.2574944.full?SSO=1
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343936005_The_accomplishment_of_the_phenomenon_of_perfect_optical_cloaking_using_a_multi-lens_system
Developing an inexpensive optical measurement device to estimate ocular media density.
Selection of HDR camera, deep learning software stack for Purkinje image detection and segmentation, NVIDIA Jetson as the embedded computer triggering either LED or LASER lights to be projected on the cornea
Alternative download link:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/fh7r8szuc2pctfr/purkinje_imaging_inPractice.pdf?dl=0
Datasalon6 2011 - "Rise of the robo scientists": where is data coming from?Pieter Pauwels
Presentation given at Datasalon #6 in Brussels (2011). It presents a review on the article by R.D. King "Rise of the Robo Scientists" and some afterthoughts on the nature of data.
The article by R.D. King appeared in Scientific American: Vol. 304 (2011) pp. 72-77. DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican0111-72
The abstract of a research paper carries great significance. After the paper title, the paper abstract is the most attention-grabbing for the reader/reviewer.
The term biophotonics denotes a combination of biology and photonics, with photonics being the science and technology of generation, manipulation, and detection of photons, quantum units of light. Photonics is related to electronics and photons. Photons play a central role in information technologies such as fiber optics the way electrons do in electronics.
Biophotonics can also be described as the "development and application of optical techniques, particularly imaging, to the study of biological molecules, cells and tissue". One of the main benefits of using optical techniques which make up biophotonics is that they preserve the integrity of the biological cells being examined.
Developing an inexpensive optical measurement device to estimate ocular media density.
Selection of HDR camera, deep learning software stack for Purkinje image detection and segmentation, NVIDIA Jetson as the embedded computer triggering either LED or LASER lights to be projected on the cornea
Alternative download link:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/fh7r8szuc2pctfr/purkinje_imaging_inPractice.pdf?dl=0
Datasalon6 2011 - "Rise of the robo scientists": where is data coming from?Pieter Pauwels
Presentation given at Datasalon #6 in Brussels (2011). It presents a review on the article by R.D. King "Rise of the Robo Scientists" and some afterthoughts on the nature of data.
The article by R.D. King appeared in Scientific American: Vol. 304 (2011) pp. 72-77. DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican0111-72
The abstract of a research paper carries great significance. After the paper title, the paper abstract is the most attention-grabbing for the reader/reviewer.
The term biophotonics denotes a combination of biology and photonics, with photonics being the science and technology of generation, manipulation, and detection of photons, quantum units of light. Photonics is related to electronics and photons. Photons play a central role in information technologies such as fiber optics the way electrons do in electronics.
Biophotonics can also be described as the "development and application of optical techniques, particularly imaging, to the study of biological molecules, cells and tissue". One of the main benefits of using optical techniques which make up biophotonics is that they preserve the integrity of the biological cells being examined.
Using off-the-shelf ultrasound imagers, and transition to portable system-on-chip ultrasound imagers such as Butterfly IQ.
Embedded devices such as Butterfly IQ can be further improved by integrating deep learning / artificial intelligence at device level, and naturally at the post-processing and analysis levels
Alternative download link:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/rlwv7m29mh6y2w6/pupillometry_throughTheEyelids.pdf?dl=0
Wednesday presentation at MoM Matters of matter Summr School
Micro optics, chromadepht, portable microscopes from ROE (Refractive optics) to DOE(diffractive optics) invisibility cloak
Today, we are on the brink of another technological boom. This time, technologies like self-driving vehicles and robot assistants are under development.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
More Related Content
Similar to The Accomplishment of the Phenomenon of Perfect Optical Cloaking Using A Multi-Lens System
Using off-the-shelf ultrasound imagers, and transition to portable system-on-chip ultrasound imagers such as Butterfly IQ.
Embedded devices such as Butterfly IQ can be further improved by integrating deep learning / artificial intelligence at device level, and naturally at the post-processing and analysis levels
Alternative download link:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/rlwv7m29mh6y2w6/pupillometry_throughTheEyelids.pdf?dl=0
Wednesday presentation at MoM Matters of matter Summr School
Micro optics, chromadepht, portable microscopes from ROE (Refractive optics) to DOE(diffractive optics) invisibility cloak
Today, we are on the brink of another technological boom. This time, technologies like self-driving vehicles and robot assistants are under development.
Similar to The Accomplishment of the Phenomenon of Perfect Optical Cloaking Using A Multi-Lens System (16)
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
The ASGCT Annual Meeting was packed with exciting progress in the field advan...
The Accomplishment of the Phenomenon of Perfect Optical Cloaking Using A Multi-Lens System
1.
2. Accomplishment of the
Phenomenon of Perfect Optical
Cloaking Using A Multi-Lens System
Making Invisibility Possible
Muhammad Miqdad Khan
Dept. of Physics
NED UET
Rafey Iqbal Rahman
Dept. of Management
CloudSynergi, Karachi
3. Inspired perhaps by Harry Potter’s invisibility cloak, scientists have recently developed several ways—some simple
and some involving new technologies—to hide objects from view. The latest effort, developed at the University of
Rochester,
4. What is Cloaking?
• The term 'cloaking' is usually misunderstood in the sense that the phenomenon
involves a piece of cloth, usually known as the “invisibility cloak”, which tends to
hide the object placed under it as shown in the famous Harry Potter series.
However, cloaking is much more than that.
• The mind-boggling phenomenon of cloaking allows us to induce invisibility in
objects, both in a partial manner as well as a whole. What actually happens is that
the light passes through an object as if it is not there at the moment. Since the
scientists and physicists are still unable to fully 'uncloak' the cloaking
phenomenon, only a handful of applications possessing social and of course,
technological impact have been discovered. Even the inclusion and incorporation
of the nanotechnology intended for the expansion and enhancement of the
cloaking phenomenon has not contributed much.
5. Some Applications
• The applications and usage in the defense sector are still not
deciphered in particular, however, on the other hand, the enablers of
the researches, both past and ongoing, in science and technology
have disclosed
• its applications in the health care and automotive sectors in the form
of the aspired advent of careful, precision-based, error-reduced
human surgeries (health care) and road accident prevention
technologies (automotive)
6. Previous Attempts
Natural resources formed inside the earth's crust are observing a significant
decline in their quantity on a daily basis. Owing to the trend towards the
plunge and lacking, the scientific laboratories undertook the task of the
creation of artificial or man-made resources in order to cope up with the
population growth and its requirements and the enhancement of the
lifestyle of the man-in-the-street and the people, alongside curbing the
adverse effect being generated by the act of exploitation of the natural
resources. Such an artificial resource was created by the name of
"Metamaterial". The metamaterial was created in order to surpass the
characteristics that the naturally-occurring materials possess and exhibit.
An application of metamaterial is found in the metamaterial cloaking
technique. However, the creation of a metamaterial is quite difficult and
cumbersome, although many advances have been made in science and
technology. Therefore, in comparison, another technique possessing the
name of "paraxial ray cloaking" is deemed to be quite convenient.
7. Theory
2.1.1 Two Lens System
𝑭𝟏 = 𝑭𝟐 = 𝑭 (1)
L1 L2
R1
R2
F
𝒅 = 𝒇𝟏 + 𝒇𝟐 (2)
Figure.1 Diagrammatic representation of a two-lens system
9. Cloaked Region
There exists a limitation that no matter how fine the lens is, the
phenomenon of spherical aberration is witnessed. The spherical
aberration refers to the phenomenon where the focus point is not
unique. The focal length somehow portrays a nature of
dependency on the wavelength of the light. So, on behalf of the
above-said statement, it can be confidently said that:
𝑽𝒄𝒚 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐𝒉 (3)
𝑽𝒄𝒚 = 𝟑𝑽𝒄 (5)
𝑽𝒄 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉 𝟑 (4)
2𝑹𝑪𝑳 = 𝑹𝑼𝑪𝑳 (6)
2𝑹𝑪𝑳 ≤ 𝑹𝑼𝑪𝑳 (7)
10. Four Lens System
The formula for calculating the total length of the cloaking apparatus, as described in prior research is as follows:
𝐿 = 2𝑡1 + 𝑡2 (𝑓1 + 𝑓2) / (𝑓1 − 𝑓2) (8)
As described in Eq. (1), the focal lengths of the lenses used in this experiment hold the same value, 40 cm. Therefore, as stated
previously, due to the inclusion of heavy mathematical equations, the phenomenon of optical cloaking did not prove to be practical
and feasible. The impracticality driven by the above-stated Eq. (8) can be observed as:
𝐿 = 2𝑡1 + 𝑡2 (40 + 40) / (40 − 40)
This results in the observation of an infinite cloaked region, however, for a cloaking phenomenon to be physically feasible, the
cloaked region must be of a finite or determined value.
Also, as described in prior research, the distance between the two pairs of lenses (t2) is as follows6,14:
t2 = 2f2 (f1+ f2) / (f1−f2) (9)
Again, with the similar approach, as it is known as f1 = f2 = f = 40 cm, therefore Eq. (9) becomes:
𝑡2 = 2𝑓2 (40 + 40) / (40 − 40)
From Fig. it is also proved that the distance between the two pairs of lenses does not matter.
11. Experimental Setup
Similar to the two-lens approach, we
will use two sets of a pair of lenses (L1),
(L2), (L3) and (L4). As we can see in the
Fig. that the rays between the two sets of
lenses are parallel. Since the distance
poses no threat in this case and could be
of any value greater than zero. The
reason that the distance could not be kept
equal to zero is that the problem of the
combination of the lens will occur. Then
the whole system would be wrongly
perceived as a three-lens system.
12.
13. Results Discussion
Perfect cloaking is achieved since the background formed is original and erect. The four-lens cloaking
technique is the perfect cloaking. If we scale up the diameters of the lenses, larger objects can be hidden
too. The experimental setup used allows perfect paraxial ray optical cloaking up to 15º.
CONCLUSIONS
The experiments performed regarding the perfect paraxial ray optical cloaking yielded satisfactory results
along with some limitations and future recommendations for further research on the subject and the area
of interest.
The conclusions drawn from this research can be reported as:
Perfect paraxial ray optical cloaking is achieved without providing any significant amount of
consideration to the distance between the lenses.
The research is limited to hiding or cloaking of an object smaller in size due to the small diameter of lens
used in the series of experiments and the prototyping.
14. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are highly indebted to Dr. Muhammad Imran Ahmed Siddiqui of
University of Karachi for his guidance and constant supervision as well
as for providing necessary information regarding this research and also
for his support in completing this endeavor.
15. REFERENCES
1. D. Barnstone. (2014, Sep. 25). "‘Cloaking’ device uses ordinary lenses to hide objects across range of angles". rochester.edu [Online]. Available:
https://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/watch-rochester-cloak-uses-ordinary-lenses-tohide-objects-across-continuous-range-of-angles-70592/. [Accessed: 2019, Apr. 19].
2. A. Healy. (2019, Mar. 22). "Harry Potter’s ‘invisibility cloak’ cracked: University of Rochester scientists create masking device." syracuse.com [Online]. Available:
https://www.syracuse.com/news/2014/09/university_of_rochester_scientists_create_cloaking_device_rivals_harry_potter s_i.html. [Accessed: 2019, Apr. 19].
3. NBC News. (2014, Sep. 25). "Scientists Show You How to Make an Invisibility Cloak (Sort Of)". nbcnews.com [Online]. Available: https://www.nbcnews.com/science/weird-
science/scientists-show-you-how-make-invisibility-cloaksort-n21096. [Accessed: 2019, Apr. 19].
4. NBC News. (2011, Jul. 14). "Invisibility gets a reality check". cosmiclog.nbcnew.com [Online]. Available: http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2011/07/14/7085017-invisibility-gets-a-
reality-check. [Accessed: 2019, Apr. 19].
5. R. Santus. (2014, Sep. 26). "Scientist Show How to Make an Invisibility Cloak". Mashable [Online]. Available: https://mashable.com/2014/09/26/how-to-make-invisibility-cloak/. [Accessed:
2019, Apr. 19].
6. J.S. Choi and J.C. Howell, "Paraxial ray optics cloaking," Optics Express, vol. 22, no. 24, pp. 29465-29478, 2014.
7. Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture Demonstrations. "Paraxial Ray Optics Cloaking". sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu/ [Online]. Available:
https://sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu/presentations/paraxial-ray-optics-cloaking. [Accessed: 2019, Apr. 19].
8. S. Frizell. (2014, Sep. 28). "This Discovery Brings Us One Step Closer to Harry Potter’s Invisibility Cloak". Time [Online]. Available: https://time.com/3441875/invisibility-cloak-harry-potter-
lens-rochester/. [Accessed: 2019, Apr. 19].
9. J. Fingas. (2014, Sep. 29). "Scientists make an invisibility cloak using off-the-shelf optical lenses". Engadget [Online]. Available: https://www.engadget.com/2014/09/29/optical-lens-
invisibility-cloak/. [Accessed: 2019, Apr. 19].
10. P. Carpena and A.V. Coronado, "On the focal point of a lens: beyond the paraxial approximation," European Journal of Physics, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 231-241, 2006.
11. J. Orwig. (2014, Oct. 01). "How To Make An ‘Invisibility Cloak’ At Home For Under $100". Business Insider [Online]. Available: https://www.businessinsider.in/How-To-Make-An-Invisibility-
Cloak-At-Home-For-Under100/articleshow/43921961.cms. [Accessed: 2019, Apr. 19].
12. W. Cai, U.K. Chettiar, A.V. Kildishev, and V.M. Shalaev, "Optical cloaking with metamaterials," Nature Photonics, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 224-226, Apr. 2007.
13. J. Valentine, et. al., "Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index," Nature, vol. 455, no. 7211, pp. 376-379, Sep. 2008.
14. J.S. Choi. (2016). "Practical Invisibility Cloaking". pas.rochester.edu [Online]. Available: http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~jhgroup/alumni_theses/choi_thesis.pdf. [Accessed: 2019, Apr. 19].
15. J. Brownlee. (2014, Jan. 10). "The First Practical Invisibility Cloak Is Here". Fast Company [Online]. Available: https://www.fastcompany.com/3036471/the-first-practical-invisibility-cloak-is-
here. [Accessed: 2019, Apr. 19].
16. T. Zhai, K. Ren, R. Zhao, J. Zhou, and D. Liu, "An effective broadband optical ‘cloak’ without metamaterials," IOP Science, vol. 10, no, 6, pp. 1-5, 2013.
17. D. Halliday, R. Resnick, and K. Krane, Physics. New Delhi: Wiley, 2018.
18. F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, Fundamentals of Optics. New York City: McGraw-Hill, 2001