Mo m present_wednesday_micro optics

www.mattersofmatter.eu Micro-optics
Micro optics: from ROE to DOE
Refractive Optical Elements VS Diffractive Opt.El.
Funded by EU under the Erasmus+ KA2 grant N° 2014-1-IT02-KA201-003604_1.
This project has received funding from the European Union's Erasmus + Programme for Education under
KA2 grant 2014-1-IT02-KA201-003604. The European Commission support for the production of these
didactical materials does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the
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All MoM materials, this document included, belong to MoM-Matters of Matter
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.

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GOT IT ? 
https://mindsetsonline.co.uk/shop/copycoder/

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Miniaturization of lenses
& Portable Microscopes
Metamaterials &
Invisibility Cloak
Plastic optics
& Chromadepht
DOE- Diffractive Optical Elements
Overview

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Miniaturization  BYOD microscopes
• Lens (1 euro) or recycled laser pointer lens
• + enlargement by cell phone
• + microscope or lens magnifier app
• TURN OFF autofocus!!!
• BLIPS -IIT Genova Italy
https://www.smartmicrooptics.com/it/blips/
• Smartphone lenses

Low cost DIY microscope
Magnification-How many X …?

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PAPER MICROSCOPES - Foldscope
An origami based 50 cents paper microscope
• TED TALKS (2013?) ideas worth sharing
microscopes for 3° and 4° World
• Pilot testing
• Crowfunding
• Now commercialized
• A Worldwide Community sharing images
http://microcosmos.foldscope.com/
THE DREAM: One in each student’s pocket

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Is everything ok?
The material has a negative
refractive index
• Negative refraction index
• Metamaterials bend light
AROUND an object
By Physicsch - Own work, CC BY 3.0
,https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31519521

Invisibility cloak- metamaterials
The only thing we ever see is light from a direct source or
bouncing off objects and reaching our eyes.
Invisible object =
•too small
•too far away
•Light bouncing off is from the non visible part of the
electromagnetic spectrum (UV, IR)
But actually “to make something visible invisible” means
• We do not want light from that object to reach our eyes
• We DO want light from what is around and directly behind the
object to reach our eyes.
Light has to be bent so that it selectively reaches our eyes
We manipulate materials (metamaterials) to drive such selection
In 2014, Joseph Choi developed the Rochester Cloak –
a simple 4 lens set up that does things no other invisibility technology
has been able to do. See www.laserclassroom.org
MoM_Invisibility_Cloak.MP4

Plastic optics

Lightweight
Optical
Elements
Micro optics

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Shine the torch through the
sample plastic sheet_1

Shine the torch through the
sample plastic sheet_2

From ROE to DOE
ROE Refractive Optical Elements
Operate by means of
INTERFERENCE & DIFFRACTION
DOE Diffractive Optical Elements
Diffractive elements are thin
phase elements that operate
by means of interference and
diffraction to produce random
distributions of light or to aid
in the design of customized
optical systems.
By Tamasflex (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)
or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)],
via Wikimedia Commons
DrBob at the English language Wikipedia [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or
CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons
See page for author [CC SA 1.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/sa/1.0/)],
via Wikimedia Commons
Operate by means of REFRACTION
Commons
wikimedia org
By Natural Philo (Own work) [CC BY-
SA 3.0
(https://creativecommons.org/licens
es/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia
Commons

Where
• Screens of smartphones,GPS, digital
cameras
• Sensor applications
• Safety Distance control (cars)
• Car window swipers activator sensors
• Diagnostics
• Food quality control
• Bar code readers
• Innovative medical and surgical devices
• Data recording and transmission
Optical components and devices of
tiny dimensions permitting light
• manipulation
• collection
• distribution
A Key Technology to enable
• Miniaturization
• Cost reduction
• Higher efficacy and
efficiency
Micro-Optics
The microscopic structures diffract
incident light (mainly a
monochromatic laser beam)
such that a desired light pattern is
generated at a distance from the
DOE
• more than one optical
functionality in a single
component.
• small and light can be
manifactured on flexible and thin
materials

It is flat on one side and ridged on the
other. Fresnel lenses we first used in the
1800s as the lens that focuses the beam in
lighthouse lamps. Plastic Fresnel lenses are
used as magnifiers when a thin, light lens
is needed.
A thin piece of plastic used as a magnifier
Fresnel Lens
By Pko [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
See also http://camera-wiki.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens
By Almazi (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

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Diffraction grating
(absorption grating)
Black lines-absorb
light
Rays arrive out of
phase
interferencec
Phase grating
Higher regions-
DO NOT absorb
light BUT
Rays arrive out
of phase
interference
The overall effect (black and
light spots) on the screen is
the same but more light goes
through with the phase
grating!
Diffraction grating
VS Phase grating

• Brightness of the spots increased.
• dark bands are replaced by elevations, the
thickness of which equals half a wavelength .
• waves number 1 and 3 give constructive
interference in point P because their path
difference, in point P, equals one wavelength.
This is also true for waves number 2 and 4
• because the "bump" is half a wavelength high,
wave number 2 travels the same distance
towards P as does wave number 1 and wave
number 4 travels the same distance as wave
number 3
 those waves will also amplify each other
in each point of constructive interference, we have
twice as many waves as compared to an absorption
grating(= more brightness)
Phase gratings

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Source: screen shot capture from the Web –
Did NEMO project have a follow up?
Downloaded article https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/
9289/1/NEMO-educational-kit-on-micro-optics-at-the-secondary-school/10.1117/12.2070758.full
NEMO project More examples

Diffraction Grating
Prism
Prism VS Diffraction grating
Revising a bit…
ByCmglee(Ownwork)[CCBY-SA3.0
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)orGFDL
(http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)],viaWikimedia
Commons
4. Shine red and green laser (or
white light) through: do you notice
any difference?
See also
http://slideplayer.com/slide/7596509/
BEST EXPLANATION of How
Chromadepht glasses work
http://www2.ece.ohio-
state.edu/~anderson/Outreachfiles/3D
OpticsPowerpoint.pdf

Mo m present_wednesday_micro optics

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