The document discusses various techniques for testing Android applications including: 1) Setting up the testing environment and using JUnit 3 to write and run basic tests. 2) Using Android-specific testing frameworks like AndroidTestCase, ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2, and ProviderTestCase2 that provide mocks of Android components and contexts. 3) Leveraging the Android monkey tool and monkeyrunner to simulate user interactions for testing. 4) Adopting external test automation frameworks like Robotium for black-box testing or Robolectric for test-driven development. 5) Developing an advanced automated testing framework involving XML test case files, a customized InstrumentationTestRunner, and a Robot and CommandRunner to drastically reduce testing time.