The document discusses test driven development (TDD) and how to apply it when building REST APIs with Node.js. It defines TDD as a process of writing unit tests before code, then writing minimal code to pass tests and refactoring code. Benefits include improved quality and reduced bugs, while limitations include an upfront time cost. Common pitfalls involve not running tests frequently, writing too many tests at once, or not maintaining the test suite. The document demonstrates building a REST API with Node.js using TDD with tools like Express, Mongoose, Mocha and Gulp.