Tested and analyzed data for the fuel efficiency and thermal efficiency of a thermoelectric cook stove for developing countries. Adjusted various components to demonstrate the effects on the efficiency and to optimize the cook stove.
This document provides an overview of an internship project investigating the potential application of thermoelectric technology for waste heat recovery from gas turbine exhaust. The project involves studying state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials, calculating efficiency scenarios, designing thermoelectric modules, and evaluating costs to determine if thermoelectric generators could replace or supplement existing heat recovery steam generators. The internship was conducted at NEM Energy B.V. over six months with the aim of evaluating thermoelectric technology for waste heat recovery in industrial power generation systems.
This document discusses thermoelectric materials research and device aspects for waste heat energy harvesting. It provides an introduction to thermoelectric theory, including the Seebeck effect, electrical and thermal conductivity, and thermoelectric figure of merit. It then discusses thermoelectric module design concepts and working principles. The remainder of the document focuses on thermoelectric materials research, reviewing strategies for enhancing power factors and reducing thermal conductivity, as well as summarizing several families of thermoelectric materials, including silicon composites, chalcogenides, skutterudites, and cobaltites. Fabrication and processing techniques for bulk materials are also briefly overviewed.
Thermoelectric power generated from computer waste heatAlexander Decker
1) The study evaluated the thermoelectric voltage generated from waste heat of a Dell desktop computer using thermocouples under varying processor workloads.
2) Measurements showed that thermoelectric voltage increased with higher processor workloads and temperatures, ranging from 8.1-9.9 microvolts.
3) The maximum thermoelectric power produced by the thermocouples was estimated to be 0.052 microvolts per degree Celsius, harvested from the computer processor operating at 83.1 degrees Celsius without its heat sink.
Thermoelectric generation using waste heatAman Anand
The document discusses thermoelectric generators (TEG). TEGs directly convert temperature differences into electricity through the Seebeck effect. They have applications in power generation from waste heat and in powering small electronic devices like wearable medical sensors. TEGs offer advantages like having no moving parts and being able to extract energy from varied heat sources. However, their efficiency is still relatively low compared to other power generation methods. Research continues toward improving TEG materials and designs to increase their efficiency and potential applications.
This document discusses the design of a hybrid micro thermoelectric and Stirling engine system for power generation. The system aims to optimize output power by combining two power sources - thermoelectric and Stirling engine modules. Experimental results are presented on optimizing individual module performance by increasing temperature difference, changing module position, and using aluminum to better transfer heat. The design incorporates a DC-DC buck-boost converter to further optimize total output power of the hybrid system.
Electricity Generation using Thermoelectric System from Waste Heat of Flue Gasesijsrd.com
Energy related cost have become a significant fraction of cost in any industry. The three top operating expenses are often to be found in any industry like energy (both electrical and thermal), labour and materials. If we were found the manageability of the above equipment's the energy emerges a top ranker. So energy is best field in any industry for the reduction of cost and increasing the saving opportunity. Thermoelectric methods imposed on the application of the thermoelectric generators and the possibility application of Thermoelectrity can contribute as a "Green Technology" in particular in the industry for the recovery of waste heat. Finally the main attention is too focused on selecting the thermoelectric system and representing the analytical and theoretical calculation to represent the Thermoelectric System.
Development of a Thermoelectric Micro generation based on Seebeck EffectIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Thermoelectric and thermionic devices convert heat directly into electricity using solid-state phenomena.
Thermoelectric devices rely on the Seebeck effect where a temperature gradient across conductive materials produces an electric current. Common thermoelectric materials include bismuth telluride, lead telluride, and silicon-germanium alloys.
Thermionic converters boil electrons from a hot cathode across a vacuum gap to a cooler anode surface. Cesium gas filling can improve efficiency but introduces sealing and corrosion challenges.
Combining thermionic and thermoelectric principles could leverage the higher efficiency of thermionic devices with thermoelectric devices' ability to utilize lower temperature heat sources.
This document provides an overview of an internship project investigating the potential application of thermoelectric technology for waste heat recovery from gas turbine exhaust. The project involves studying state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials, calculating efficiency scenarios, designing thermoelectric modules, and evaluating costs to determine if thermoelectric generators could replace or supplement existing heat recovery steam generators. The internship was conducted at NEM Energy B.V. over six months with the aim of evaluating thermoelectric technology for waste heat recovery in industrial power generation systems.
This document discusses thermoelectric materials research and device aspects for waste heat energy harvesting. It provides an introduction to thermoelectric theory, including the Seebeck effect, electrical and thermal conductivity, and thermoelectric figure of merit. It then discusses thermoelectric module design concepts and working principles. The remainder of the document focuses on thermoelectric materials research, reviewing strategies for enhancing power factors and reducing thermal conductivity, as well as summarizing several families of thermoelectric materials, including silicon composites, chalcogenides, skutterudites, and cobaltites. Fabrication and processing techniques for bulk materials are also briefly overviewed.
Thermoelectric power generated from computer waste heatAlexander Decker
1) The study evaluated the thermoelectric voltage generated from waste heat of a Dell desktop computer using thermocouples under varying processor workloads.
2) Measurements showed that thermoelectric voltage increased with higher processor workloads and temperatures, ranging from 8.1-9.9 microvolts.
3) The maximum thermoelectric power produced by the thermocouples was estimated to be 0.052 microvolts per degree Celsius, harvested from the computer processor operating at 83.1 degrees Celsius without its heat sink.
Thermoelectric generation using waste heatAman Anand
The document discusses thermoelectric generators (TEG). TEGs directly convert temperature differences into electricity through the Seebeck effect. They have applications in power generation from waste heat and in powering small electronic devices like wearable medical sensors. TEGs offer advantages like having no moving parts and being able to extract energy from varied heat sources. However, their efficiency is still relatively low compared to other power generation methods. Research continues toward improving TEG materials and designs to increase their efficiency and potential applications.
This document discusses the design of a hybrid micro thermoelectric and Stirling engine system for power generation. The system aims to optimize output power by combining two power sources - thermoelectric and Stirling engine modules. Experimental results are presented on optimizing individual module performance by increasing temperature difference, changing module position, and using aluminum to better transfer heat. The design incorporates a DC-DC buck-boost converter to further optimize total output power of the hybrid system.
Electricity Generation using Thermoelectric System from Waste Heat of Flue Gasesijsrd.com
Energy related cost have become a significant fraction of cost in any industry. The three top operating expenses are often to be found in any industry like energy (both electrical and thermal), labour and materials. If we were found the manageability of the above equipment's the energy emerges a top ranker. So energy is best field in any industry for the reduction of cost and increasing the saving opportunity. Thermoelectric methods imposed on the application of the thermoelectric generators and the possibility application of Thermoelectrity can contribute as a "Green Technology" in particular in the industry for the recovery of waste heat. Finally the main attention is too focused on selecting the thermoelectric system and representing the analytical and theoretical calculation to represent the Thermoelectric System.
Development of a Thermoelectric Micro generation based on Seebeck EffectIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Thermoelectric and thermionic devices convert heat directly into electricity using solid-state phenomena.
Thermoelectric devices rely on the Seebeck effect where a temperature gradient across conductive materials produces an electric current. Common thermoelectric materials include bismuth telluride, lead telluride, and silicon-germanium alloys.
Thermionic converters boil electrons from a hot cathode across a vacuum gap to a cooler anode surface. Cesium gas filling can improve efficiency but introduces sealing and corrosion challenges.
Combining thermionic and thermoelectric principles could leverage the higher efficiency of thermionic devices with thermoelectric devices' ability to utilize lower temperature heat sources.
The document defines and categorizes different types of software. It discusses system software, including operating systems and utility software. It explains that operating systems control hardware, provide interfaces, manage memory and tasks. It also defines application software, including personal, workgroup, and enterprise-level applications. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the main categories and functions of different software types.
The document is the lyrics to the song "What a Wonderful World" by Louis Armstrong. It describes the singer thinking about how wonderful the world is, from seeing trees and flowers bloom for people, to observing the colors of the sky and faces of people walking by saying hello. The singer watches children grow and realizes how much they will learn compared to his own knowledge. He concludes by reiterating how wonderful the world is.
Economic Development Update - Garrett County, MD (09.24.2013)Kim Durst
Garrett County, Maryland has experienced steady economic growth despite a stagnant population. While the population has remained around 30,000 since 2000, total employment has risen 17.5% from 17,470 in 2000 to 20,681 in 2010. The county's unemployment rate, while showing seasonal fluctuations, has decreased and remains below state and national averages. Additionally, per capita income has increased, lagging the national level by only 8.7% in 2010. Overall economic indicators point to a diversifying economy with growth in sectors like manufacturing.
Dokumen tersebut merupakan berita tentang Association of Library University Students (ALUS) yang mencakup sejarah, visi dan misi, divisi-divisi, kegiatan penerimaan anggota baru, ramah tamah anggota baru, makrab anggota, dan beberapa kegiatan ALUS seperti Jogja Membaca, pembinaan perpustakaan desa, dan pembinaan minat baca.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang perpustakaan sekolah dan peranannya dalam mendukung kesuksesan siswa dalam Ujian Nasional. Perpustakaan sekolah diharapkan dapat menyediakan sumber informasi yang relevan dengan kurikulum dan mata pelajaran ujian nasional agar siswa mendapat informasi pendukung untuk menghadapi ujian tersebut.
Global futurist and trends expert Anne Lise Kjaer, of London, shared her expertise with attendees in the closing session at ICF on Saturday afternoon, October 30.
Her specialty is bridging the creative and intellectual process-shaping the strategy and the core concepts that are driving businesses and brands of the future.
This document appears to be a review for a 6th grade social studies test covering topics like geographic locations, forms of government, economic systems, and cultural diversity. It consists of 11 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of the locations of the Rocky Mountains, Amazon River Basin, Andes Mountains, and Cuba. Other questions cover identifying a dictatorship form of government, characteristics of developing countries, examples of cultural borrowing, and aspects of the free market system. It concludes by listing the fastest response times and scores for two teams that took the review quiz.
El documento presenta una oferta de vehículos de otoño que incluye modelos Ford Escort de 1996, Ford Focus de 2000, Ford Galaxy de 2002, Mercedes CLK de 2000 y Seat Ibiza de 2003, con precios entre 6500 y 18350 euros, kilómetros entre 2500 y 80550, y extras como airbags, pintura metalizada o descapotable. Se incluye una tabla comparativa de precios.
The document outlines the costs for an online course that teaches front page design using WebEx. It includes variable costs like computers, internet connections, and staff. Fixed costs include WebEx licenses, frontpage software, speakers, and microphones. The total cost for production, delivery, and support is $7,501 with variable costs being $5,980 and fixed costs being $1,521.
"Новые герои индустрии социальных игр: приложения для iOS и Android", Richar...Julia Lebedeva
This document summarizes key trends in the mobile app market based on data from Flurry Analytics. It finds that the iOS and Android app markets have grown enormously, with over 530 million active devices, but still represent only 25% of their total addressable market. Mobile games are the most popular app category and have surpassed traditional game revenue. Free-to-play games with in-app purchases are the most common business model. User retention for apps is low, with most people only using 5-10 out of the 85 apps they download. The document identifies several successful game genres like endless pass times, social RPGs, and gamer's games. It concludes by promoting Flurry's analytics, advertising, and monetization
Oprah Winfrey was born in 1954 and spent her early years on her grandmother's farm, where she learned to read at a young age. She was molested from ages 9 to 13, which was emotionally devastating. After high school, she won a scholarship to the University of Tennessee, where she studied speech communication. She began her broadcasting career at a local radio station and TV station as a reporter and anchor. Her talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show, which she has hosted for over 25 years, made her the most popular talk show host on national television. On her show, she interviews people about personal problems and works to help organizations and people in need.
The document provides details of a 7-day group trip to Shanghai, China for 40 people. The trip includes visits to major landmarks, cultural experiences, and business lectures. It will stay at The Bund Hotel and visit sites like Yu Yuan Garden, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, and Tongli Ancient Water Town. Business activities include lectures from CP and the Thai Chamber of Commerce on conducting business in China and a visit to Li & Fung limited. The total price per person is USD 2,100.
This document summarizes a paper about the relationship between capital accumulation, the rate of economic growth, and employment. It makes the following key points:
1) For a capitalist economy to maintain full employment, national income must grow at a rate that matches the combined rate of growth of the labor force and productivity.
2) Investment increases both productive capacity and generates income, so examining growth from the investment perspective may help determine the equilibrium growth rate needed.
3) If investment proceeds at rate I per year, and each $1 invested increases productive capacity by amount s, then new projects will increase potential output by Is annually. However, the overall economy's capacity may increase by less if new projects require transferring labor from
This document provides information about a college in Pamplona, Spain. It summarizes that Pamplona is known for its San Fermines festivals featuring running bulls. It describes the town of Pamplona as cheerful with opportunities to play sports and go to the cinema. The document outlines the subject areas that can be studied at the Virgen del Camino college, including mechanics, welding, and others. It lists the required subjects in the first and second years, including English, graphic interpretation, and production programming.
"Tap the Frog 2: Все аспекты создания мобильного хита" Антон Вольных, основат...Julia Lebedeva
This document discusses the success of Tap the Frog 2, a mobile game sequel launched in February 2012 that achieved a perfect 5-star rating from over 25,000 players and reached the top 5 in 15 countries and number 1 across Europe. The developer discusses how they created the sequel's character and gameplay, implemented a ranking system, and built a strong community through engagement and ads, which led to the game being featured and helped make marketing the app more affordable.
This document provides information on an educational program called "The Money Savings Menu" that teaches restaurants about energy efficiency and conservation best practices. The program combines peer-to-peer knowledge sharing with training on topics like appliance certifications, operating procedures, purchasing considerations, and case studies. Restaurants are a major consumer of energy, so adopting efficiency practices can meaningfully reduce costs and greenhouse gas emissions. The program aims to integrate real-world lessons into actionable recommendations restaurants can implement.
The document defines and categorizes different types of software. It discusses system software, including operating systems and utility software. It explains that operating systems control hardware, provide interfaces, manage memory and tasks. It also defines application software, including personal, workgroup, and enterprise-level applications. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the main categories and functions of different software types.
The document is the lyrics to the song "What a Wonderful World" by Louis Armstrong. It describes the singer thinking about how wonderful the world is, from seeing trees and flowers bloom for people, to observing the colors of the sky and faces of people walking by saying hello. The singer watches children grow and realizes how much they will learn compared to his own knowledge. He concludes by reiterating how wonderful the world is.
Economic Development Update - Garrett County, MD (09.24.2013)Kim Durst
Garrett County, Maryland has experienced steady economic growth despite a stagnant population. While the population has remained around 30,000 since 2000, total employment has risen 17.5% from 17,470 in 2000 to 20,681 in 2010. The county's unemployment rate, while showing seasonal fluctuations, has decreased and remains below state and national averages. Additionally, per capita income has increased, lagging the national level by only 8.7% in 2010. Overall economic indicators point to a diversifying economy with growth in sectors like manufacturing.
Dokumen tersebut merupakan berita tentang Association of Library University Students (ALUS) yang mencakup sejarah, visi dan misi, divisi-divisi, kegiatan penerimaan anggota baru, ramah tamah anggota baru, makrab anggota, dan beberapa kegiatan ALUS seperti Jogja Membaca, pembinaan perpustakaan desa, dan pembinaan minat baca.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang perpustakaan sekolah dan peranannya dalam mendukung kesuksesan siswa dalam Ujian Nasional. Perpustakaan sekolah diharapkan dapat menyediakan sumber informasi yang relevan dengan kurikulum dan mata pelajaran ujian nasional agar siswa mendapat informasi pendukung untuk menghadapi ujian tersebut.
Global futurist and trends expert Anne Lise Kjaer, of London, shared her expertise with attendees in the closing session at ICF on Saturday afternoon, October 30.
Her specialty is bridging the creative and intellectual process-shaping the strategy and the core concepts that are driving businesses and brands of the future.
This document appears to be a review for a 6th grade social studies test covering topics like geographic locations, forms of government, economic systems, and cultural diversity. It consists of 11 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of the locations of the Rocky Mountains, Amazon River Basin, Andes Mountains, and Cuba. Other questions cover identifying a dictatorship form of government, characteristics of developing countries, examples of cultural borrowing, and aspects of the free market system. It concludes by listing the fastest response times and scores for two teams that took the review quiz.
El documento presenta una oferta de vehículos de otoño que incluye modelos Ford Escort de 1996, Ford Focus de 2000, Ford Galaxy de 2002, Mercedes CLK de 2000 y Seat Ibiza de 2003, con precios entre 6500 y 18350 euros, kilómetros entre 2500 y 80550, y extras como airbags, pintura metalizada o descapotable. Se incluye una tabla comparativa de precios.
The document outlines the costs for an online course that teaches front page design using WebEx. It includes variable costs like computers, internet connections, and staff. Fixed costs include WebEx licenses, frontpage software, speakers, and microphones. The total cost for production, delivery, and support is $7,501 with variable costs being $5,980 and fixed costs being $1,521.
"Новые герои индустрии социальных игр: приложения для iOS и Android", Richar...Julia Lebedeva
This document summarizes key trends in the mobile app market based on data from Flurry Analytics. It finds that the iOS and Android app markets have grown enormously, with over 530 million active devices, but still represent only 25% of their total addressable market. Mobile games are the most popular app category and have surpassed traditional game revenue. Free-to-play games with in-app purchases are the most common business model. User retention for apps is low, with most people only using 5-10 out of the 85 apps they download. The document identifies several successful game genres like endless pass times, social RPGs, and gamer's games. It concludes by promoting Flurry's analytics, advertising, and monetization
Oprah Winfrey was born in 1954 and spent her early years on her grandmother's farm, where she learned to read at a young age. She was molested from ages 9 to 13, which was emotionally devastating. After high school, she won a scholarship to the University of Tennessee, where she studied speech communication. She began her broadcasting career at a local radio station and TV station as a reporter and anchor. Her talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show, which she has hosted for over 25 years, made her the most popular talk show host on national television. On her show, she interviews people about personal problems and works to help organizations and people in need.
The document provides details of a 7-day group trip to Shanghai, China for 40 people. The trip includes visits to major landmarks, cultural experiences, and business lectures. It will stay at The Bund Hotel and visit sites like Yu Yuan Garden, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, and Tongli Ancient Water Town. Business activities include lectures from CP and the Thai Chamber of Commerce on conducting business in China and a visit to Li & Fung limited. The total price per person is USD 2,100.
This document summarizes a paper about the relationship between capital accumulation, the rate of economic growth, and employment. It makes the following key points:
1) For a capitalist economy to maintain full employment, national income must grow at a rate that matches the combined rate of growth of the labor force and productivity.
2) Investment increases both productive capacity and generates income, so examining growth from the investment perspective may help determine the equilibrium growth rate needed.
3) If investment proceeds at rate I per year, and each $1 invested increases productive capacity by amount s, then new projects will increase potential output by Is annually. However, the overall economy's capacity may increase by less if new projects require transferring labor from
This document provides information about a college in Pamplona, Spain. It summarizes that Pamplona is known for its San Fermines festivals featuring running bulls. It describes the town of Pamplona as cheerful with opportunities to play sports and go to the cinema. The document outlines the subject areas that can be studied at the Virgen del Camino college, including mechanics, welding, and others. It lists the required subjects in the first and second years, including English, graphic interpretation, and production programming.
"Tap the Frog 2: Все аспекты создания мобильного хита" Антон Вольных, основат...Julia Lebedeva
This document discusses the success of Tap the Frog 2, a mobile game sequel launched in February 2012 that achieved a perfect 5-star rating from over 25,000 players and reached the top 5 in 15 countries and number 1 across Europe. The developer discusses how they created the sequel's character and gameplay, implemented a ranking system, and built a strong community through engagement and ads, which led to the game being featured and helped make marketing the app more affordable.
This document provides information on an educational program called "The Money Savings Menu" that teaches restaurants about energy efficiency and conservation best practices. The program combines peer-to-peer knowledge sharing with training on topics like appliance certifications, operating procedures, purchasing considerations, and case studies. Restaurants are a major consumer of energy, so adopting efficiency practices can meaningfully reduce costs and greenhouse gas emissions. The program aims to integrate real-world lessons into actionable recommendations restaurants can implement.
The document discusses the Centre for Energy Studies (CES) in Nepal and its work related to cookstove testing and development. CES was established in 2003 by the Government of Nepal to conduct research, expert consultation, and testing in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and energy planning. It has laboratories for cookstove and fuel testing, and has been involved in various cookstove design projects through student theses and research. CES uses standard testing methods like water boiling tests and measures stove thermal efficiency. It aims to provide national standards for fuel calorific values and help harmonize cookstove testing data in Nepal.
This document summarizes an experiment where researchers measured velocities and temperatures inside an industrial rotary kiln incinerator. A bidirectional pressure probe and suction pyrometer were used to take measurements at multiple points across a quadrant of the kiln near its exit. Results showed strong vertical stratification of both velocity and temperature, with the highest values at the top of the kiln. Increasing ambient air flow into the front of the kiln reduced measured temperatures but did not significantly affect velocities. Comparisons to a numerical model indicated the experimental results were reasonable.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Cumulative Pressure Cooker SystemIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental analysis of a cumulative pressure cooker system for cooking idlis (South Indian steamed rice cakes). It describes the development and testing of a cumulative pressure cooker that connects two idli cooking pots with hoses to a pressure cooker, allowing multiple idlis to be cooked simultaneously. Tests were conducted comparing: 1) conventional idli cooking, 2) cumulative cooking without insulation, 3) cumulative cooking with insulation, and 4) cumulative cooking with insulation and heating plates. The cumulative method with insulation and plates was found to cook idlis in 49 minutes using 0.106kg of fuel, achieving 68.24% efficiency - representing reductions in cooking time and fuel consumption compared to conventional cooking.
Thermodynamics and Qualitative Comparison of Electric and Liquefied Petroleum...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the thermodynamics and efficiency of electric and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cooking ranges. It finds that LPG stoves have a thermal efficiency of around 48%, while electric ranges have a higher efficiency between 74-77% due to better conversion of electrical energy into heat. The document proposes designing optimized electric cooking ranges that could provide even greater energy efficiency than current systems by utilizing electrical power already in homes rather than additional hydrocarbon fuels. Replacing LPG and other fuel-based cooking with optimized electric systems could reduce energy costs and dependency on hydrocarbon fuels for cooking.
This document is Vincent Carragher's 2006 master's thesis which examines ground source heat pumps in residential applications in Ireland. It analyzes the economic, environmental, sizing and performance considerations of GSHPs. It finds that current test standards do not provide accurate performance details for customers. Laboratory tests are more severe than real-world conditions. It also finds that sizing methods overestimate heating needs and lead to oversized, more expensive systems. The thesis proposes improvements to testing standards and sizing methods to provide better information and encourage market growth.
The document discusses conventional gas-fired water heaters. It notes that they typically include a tank to hold water, a combustion chamber below or within the tank, a burner within the combustion chamber, and thermal insulation. When the water temperature drops, gas flows to the burner where it is ignited to heat the water. The products of combustion are vented through a flue. However, these designs are not optimal for efficiency and manufacturing costs. The document seeks to describe an improved water heater design with a unified combustion chamber and burner construction that has lower manufacturing costs and better operating characteristics.
This document provides an overview of a study on designing a homemade water heater. It begins with an introduction describing the problem of high manufacturing costs for conventional water heaters. It then discusses the conceptual framework and significance of studying an alternative homemade design. The statement of the problem outlines the specific questions the study aims to answer regarding the internal/external design, functions, experimental activities, and prototype of the homemade water heater. The scope is described as examining the design and mechanisms through laboratory experiments at Surigao del Sur State University from January to March 2016. Key terms are also defined for clarity.
Energy performance assessment of boilersUtsav Jain
The document discusses performance testing of boilers. It describes various factors that affect boiler performance over time such as poor combustion, heat transfer fouling, and deteriorated fuel and water quality. Boiler efficiency testing is important to evaluate how efficiency changes from the design value and identify problems. The direct method and indirect method of testing are described. The indirect method involves calculating different heat losses in the boiler system to determine efficiency. Various measurements, instruments, test conditions and computational procedures for conducting boiler performance tests are outlined.
gaps in hybrid cookstove literature call for future research to develop sust...bhupendrakoshti
Hybrid cookstoves combine solar energy with fuels and electricity to achieve renewability. Total
system efficiency, which includes the efficiencies of energy production, transportation and end-use, is a better
indicator of the cooking life cycle. Electric cooking depicts low total system efficiency despite having the highest
end-use efficiency (about 80%) due to low efficiency of electricity production and transportation. In contrast, the
total system efficiency of solar cooking equals its end-use efficiency. Recent advancements in solar cookstoves
have shown efficiencies up to 35–40% with direct and 63–69% with indirect solar cookstoves. The present review
also identifies directions for future research. Specifically, the gaps in hybrid cookstove literature call for future
research to develop sustainable cooking technologies.
Coupling dairy manure anaerobic digesters with commercial greenhouses – an as...LPE Learning Center
The full proceedings paper is at: www.extension.org/72775
U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack declared a goal in 2011 of bringing one new manure-based anaerobic digestion (AD) system on-line per week; however, there are some real challenges that need to be overcome to make this goal a reality. To help achieve this goal, the economics of farm-based AD systems need to be improved. Making better use of AD surplus heat (mostly released to the ambient atmosphere), improving generator efficiency, and electricity use are real opportunity that needs to be flushed out. Greenhouses in the Northeast and similar climates are energy-intensive and therefore an excellent candidate to partner with AD systems to utilize their engine waste heat and electrical energy.
“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and ...Kyungeun Sung
“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and cooling applications” – Prof Amin Al-Habaibeh, Nottingham Trent University, presenting at the Net Zero Conference 2022, ‘Research Journeys in/to Net Zero: Current and Future Research Leaders in the Midlands, UK’ (on Friday 24th June 2022 at De Montfort University)
Heat recovery design for starbucks store retrofit_BSChris Anderson
The laboratory testing of the proposed Starbucks heat recovery system showed:
1) The total waste heat produced by the refrigeration units was approximately 22,000 BTU/hr, matching the model's assumptions.
2) Hot water preheat savings were slightly lower than expected at 9,100 kWh annually versus the model's 8,140 kWh.
3) Refrigeration efficiency gains were lower than expected, with savings of -3,400 kWh versus the original model of 2,700 kWh.
4) Taking into account updated values from testing, the overall annual energy savings of the system are estimated at $4,200, compared to the original model's estimate of $4,
Experimental Studies on Various Biomass using Fluidized Bed GasifierIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on gasification of various biomasses using a fluidized bed gasifier. The study tested rice husk, coir pith, sawdust, and groundnut shell in a continuous, self-circulating fluidized bed gasifier system. Hydrodynamic studies were conducted to calculate residence time and air-fuel ratio for different air flow rates, while maintaining a constant biomass feed rate. The highest hydrogen yield was obtained at 800°C temperature, 0.60 solid-to-bed ratio, and 0.20 equivalence ratio. The overall gasification process timing was extended up to 35 minutes.
Energy and Water: the Dynamic Duo for the Future of Efficient Science Infrast...AEI / Affiliated Engineers
Increasing energy costs and water scarcity together will play a greater role in building design in the future. There has been significant energy saving progress over the last decade. There are new opportunities for owners and their design teams to find greater savings in the future.
In rural India many women spending several hours a day cooking over an indoor open stove is a normal practice. What these women fail to realize is that there is an invisible killer in their kitchen of burning biomass fuels causes almost 500,000 deaths every year in India alone. A design initiative can use its design expertise to help these women continue with their traditional culture, while empowering them to select a way of cooking that does not endanger their lives. It describes the brief and the open-innovation process used in creating the ‘Chulha’ (Stove) – a low-smoke stove that prevents sickness and death from indoor air pollution due to cooking activities with biomass fuels in rural low-income communities. Evaluation included a certification of stove’s thermal performance, fuel consumption and carbon monoxide emissions. Stoves under testing used bio-organic waste. The firewood used as fuel was free from any potential pollutants. The design brief challenged team has to come up with a low-smoke solution for healthy and safe cooking able to fit the local socio-cultural and infrastructural conditions of rural and semi-urban areas. More specifically, objectives were to design, develop and test a solution, which able to reduce indoor pollution and therefore health-related diseases with respect to local culinary habits and cooking behaviors. With the advancement of the combustion technology and innovative approach towards applying the known principle of cook stove designing. The cook stove technology has gain the boost and now fourfold improvement in the overall thermal efficiency as compare to the traditional tri-stone cook stove. Apart from the type and quality of the fuel used, design of the cook stove chamber is the deciding factor for the associated emission causing by the fuel combustion. . TIDE has put up an effort to train more entrepreneurs. But finding the right candidate for training is a limiting factor to overcome.
This document summarizes current research on air pollutant emissions from bioenergy presented by Colin Murphy on May 21, 2013. It discusses the current status of bioenergy in California, advanced combustion technologies to reduce pollutants, integrating bioenergy facilities with other outputs like nutrient recovery, and modeling the potential effects of air pollution regulation on biofuel industry development. Key findings include that advanced technologies like SCR and partial oxidation can achieve low NOx and PM emissions, and multi-output facilities integrating energy with products or nutrients may improve economics. Modeling suggests air quality costs have limited effect on biofuel supply due to facilities siting, but more localized analysis is needed.
Performance Analysis of an economical portable housing solar cooker (EPHSC)IJCMESJOURNAL
This paper presents design development and extensive study of thermal and cooking performances and economic analysis of a highly economic solar cooker, that can be a boon to lower and middle-income group people. Costs of this cooker are less than one third that of commercially available models (CSC) whereas it’s thermal and cooking performance are slightly better than CSC. The average values of F1 & F2 are as per recommended values of Bureau of Indian Standards. This can be easily prepared and repaired by users.
This document provides an overview of improving steam boiler operating efficiency. It discusses boiler classification and types, including fire-tube boilers, water-tube boilers, and biomass fuel boilers. It covers combustion principles, boiler efficiency calculations, factors affecting efficiency like excess air and heat losses, and methods to reduce losses like improving excess air control and heat recovery. The document also discusses instrumentation and controls, water treatment, performance monitoring, and environmental pollution aspects of boiler operation.
Similar to Testing and Optimization of Improved Cookstoves for Developing Countries (20)
Testing and Optimization of Improved Cookstoves for Developing Countries
1. Testing and Optimization of an Improved Cook Stove for Developing Countries Brianna Stephenson-Vallot Dr. Robert Stevens Mechanical Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Undergraduate Research and Innovation Symposium August 13, 2010
2. Motivation Over 3 billion people use plant material or animal waste as fuel for cooking Biomass use requires families to spend a considerable amount of their income, energy, and time collecting and preparing the fuel 1.6 million people die each year from indoor air pollution Using biomass as fuel contributes to deforestation, which is a devastating problem in many developing countries.
3. Outline Motivation Research Objectives Overview of Stove Technologies Current Prototype Stove Testing Results Conclusions
4. RIT Stove Project Objectives The purpose of the stove project is to: Reduce fuel use by a factor of two or greater; Improve the affordability of cooking; Create microenterprises and develop local expertise; Implement a design that is intuitive, transportable, and enhances conventional cooking techniques for traditional foods; Provide an electrical power source; Improve the air quality for women and children; and Minimize the negative impact on the local and global environment by incorporating a life cycle analysis in the design process.
5. Summer 2010 Research Objectives Improve stove characterization technique Demonstrate testing repeatability Optimize concept stove Skirt design Primary and secondary air flow rates Insulation thickness and radiant barrier Compare concept stove to a Haitian stove
6. Classification of Cook Stoves Open Fire Rocket Stove http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/_D6z6UiS0hupX2pf1LIP5A http://wings.interfree.it/html/Elbow.html
7. Classification of Cook Stoves Charcoal Stove Liquid or Gas Fuel Stove http://www.bioenergylists.org/stovesdoc/Ezzati/New%20Folder/metal.jpg http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/VhARzq11pifTNUljR09z6g?feat=embedwebsite
8. Classification of Cook Stoves Gasifier Stove Forced Draft Fan Stove http://www.vrac.iastate.edu/ethos/files/ethos2009/Stove%20Developments/TLUD%20Gasifier.pdf http://www.treehugger.com/files/2006/03/philips_smokele.php
9.
10. Uses a forced draft (blower) in the structure of a gasifier cook stove.
21. Thermal Efficiency = Thermal Efficiency QSensible = The energy needed to raise the temperature of water QLatent= The energy required to evaporate water. QFuel = The amount of energy contained in the fuel. mFuel = The mass of the fuel consumed HHV = Higher Heating Value of fuel
23. Results Possible Sources of Errors: Weather Temperature Wind conditions Error in measurement Time in between tests The stove may not have cooled properly
24. Conclusions The test is repeatable for the simmer portion The test is not repeatable for the warm-up portion possibly due to testing technique The changes to stove design appear to have a relatively small impact and cannot be quantified due to the uncertainty in our measurements.
25. Recommendations Monitor surface temperature during stove cool down to improve warm-up repeatability. Quantify uncertainties and reduce where appropriate Test the stove with a varying primary and secondary air flow rates Explore spacing and geometry of skirt Explore thermal loss impact by adding insulation and improved radiant barrier Test with various pots Measure exhaust flow rate to properly quantify CO emissions
26. Acknowledgements Dr. Robert Stevens EPA’s P3 Program (People, Prosperity, and the Planet) McNair Scholars Program Essie Sierra-Torres Linda White Karen VanMeenen
Define biomass / Describe the open-burning fire used (ex: 3-stone fire) / Poor combustion = carbon monoxide, PM, and low efficiency / leads to the deforestation problem in Haiti (4% of forest left)
Capitizalize the first word in each one.Pick about 5 that important. Don’t go thru the whole list
Open Fire: No combustion chamber; common; poor combustion. Three-stone fire / Rocket Stove: fuel-feeding slot / air flow allows for better combustion / reduce heat loses, used the most
Downdraft and Updraft Gasifiers – flow of the gases / Downdraft produces charcoal, burns tar, best for cooking / Updraft produces tar, burns charcoal / TLUDs (Inverted Downdraft)
Mention the Senior Design Team, mention thermoelectric powering the fan, reduce explanation on thermoelectric
Describe the skirt. Focusing
Mention how a new batch of fuel is used for the Hot startMIGHT MENTION OTHER TYPES OF TESTS
Simplify explanation on this slide. Explain test stand
Most of CO is produced in startup
Start Simple: How much heat goes into water over how much energy we burn.
Explain what air flow is. More emphasis on the Simmer.