Testimony to the Public Hearing for the South Suburban Communities July 23, 2015, Gloria Taylor Banquet Hall, 14820 Broadway, Harvey, IL Hosted by: Illlinois Commission to End Disparities of American Americans; Co-Chairs: State Representative Monique Davis and State Senator Emil Jones. Community Co sponsors: Illinois African American Family Commission; Harvey Area Chamber of Commerce
Poverty Alleviation: A Challenge for the Indian Governmentbeenishshowkat
I prepared this term paper project in my third semester of Masters in Political Science. Also, I referred to a number of other philosophers works in order to create a better project. I hope this will be of great help to anyone who views it. Thanks.
Causes of poverty in world A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agri Ext...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Causes of poverty in world A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agri Extension KPK/Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
This chapter examines one of the major tools used by the policy researcher, a systematic and structured framework for policy analysis. The authors also propose a model for policy analysis.
Poverty Alleviation: A Challenge for the Indian Governmentbeenishshowkat
I prepared this term paper project in my third semester of Masters in Political Science. Also, I referred to a number of other philosophers works in order to create a better project. I hope this will be of great help to anyone who views it. Thanks.
Causes of poverty in world A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agri Ext...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Causes of poverty in world A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agri Extension KPK/Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
This chapter examines one of the major tools used by the policy researcher, a systematic and structured framework for policy analysis. The authors also propose a model for policy analysis.
According to one United Nations estimate, 113 to 200 million women are “demographically missing” from the world today. That is to say, there should be 113 to 200 million more women walking the earth, who aren’t. By that same estimate, 1.5 to 3 million women and girls lose their lives every year because of gender-based neglect or gender-based violence and Sexual Violence in Conflict.
We can point a finger at poverty. But poverty alone does not result in these girls and women’s deaths and suffering; the blame also falls on the social system and attitudes of the societies.
India alone accounts for more than 50 million of the women who are “missing” due to female foeticide - the sex-selective abortion of girls, dowry death, gender-based neglect and all forms of violence against women.
The decline in the sex ratio and the millions of Missing Women are indicators of the feudal patriarchal resurgence. Violence against women has gone public – whether it is dowry murders, the practice of female genital mutilation, honour killings, sex selective abortions or death sentences awarded to young lovers from different communities by caste councils, rapes and killings in communal and caste violence, it is only women’s and human rights groups who are protesting – the public and institutional response to these trends is very minimal. Most of the values are insufficiently imagined and fundamentally flawed.
More than two-thirds of the women’s populations don’t have access to the financial system. Poor women are not considered credit worthy. Every human being should have the “right to credit” because if people have money, they can change their lives. It is true for women. Nearly half the world’s population live in poverty, 70% are women.
~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
Unite To End Violence Against Women!
Educate & Empowered Women for a Happy Future !!!!!!
~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
www.un.org/womenwatch/
www.un.org/women/endviolence/
www.saynotoviolence.org/
www.unaids.org
www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
Photo: Firoz Ahmad Firoz
How to Manage Poverty is one of challenges of this time. There are different thoughts on it. This article is basically defines the challenges and how the poverty can be reduced. Islamic Finance is the key to reducing global poverty.
What is poverty- Definition?
There are essentially two distinct concepts of poverty: the absolute and the relative poverty concepts. The former is normally associated with some income level required to sustain a minimum standard of living. That income level, defined as poverty line income is often used to determine whether an individual is poor or otherwise. The individual is considered poor if his income is below poverty line income. He is not poor otherwise. The poverty line income is therefore a very useful concept which defines the income required to sustain a minimum standard of living. One of the approaches adapted to measure the minimum standard of living is the basic needs approach. It looks at the economic, social, political and even cultural needs. One is said to attain a minimum standard of living if all his basic needs are satisfied.
Presented at the Midwest Summit Real Food Challenge Saturday February 19, 2011, with a viewing and discussion of Unnatural Causes: Is Inequality making us sick?
According to one United Nations estimate, 113 to 200 million women are “demographically missing” from the world today. That is to say, there should be 113 to 200 million more women walking the earth, who aren’t. By that same estimate, 1.5 to 3 million women and girls lose their lives every year because of gender-based neglect or gender-based violence and Sexual Violence in Conflict.
We can point a finger at poverty. But poverty alone does not result in these girls and women’s deaths and suffering; the blame also falls on the social system and attitudes of the societies.
India alone accounts for more than 50 million of the women who are “missing” due to female foeticide - the sex-selective abortion of girls, dowry death, gender-based neglect and all forms of violence against women.
The decline in the sex ratio and the millions of Missing Women are indicators of the feudal patriarchal resurgence. Violence against women has gone public – whether it is dowry murders, the practice of female genital mutilation, honour killings, sex selective abortions or death sentences awarded to young lovers from different communities by caste councils, rapes and killings in communal and caste violence, it is only women’s and human rights groups who are protesting – the public and institutional response to these trends is very minimal. Most of the values are insufficiently imagined and fundamentally flawed.
More than two-thirds of the women’s populations don’t have access to the financial system. Poor women are not considered credit worthy. Every human being should have the “right to credit” because if people have money, they can change their lives. It is true for women. Nearly half the world’s population live in poverty, 70% are women.
~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
Unite To End Violence Against Women!
Educate & Empowered Women for a Happy Future !!!!!!
~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
www.un.org/womenwatch/
www.un.org/women/endviolence/
www.saynotoviolence.org/
www.unaids.org
www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
Photo: Firoz Ahmad Firoz
How to Manage Poverty is one of challenges of this time. There are different thoughts on it. This article is basically defines the challenges and how the poverty can be reduced. Islamic Finance is the key to reducing global poverty.
What is poverty- Definition?
There are essentially two distinct concepts of poverty: the absolute and the relative poverty concepts. The former is normally associated with some income level required to sustain a minimum standard of living. That income level, defined as poverty line income is often used to determine whether an individual is poor or otherwise. The individual is considered poor if his income is below poverty line income. He is not poor otherwise. The poverty line income is therefore a very useful concept which defines the income required to sustain a minimum standard of living. One of the approaches adapted to measure the minimum standard of living is the basic needs approach. It looks at the economic, social, political and even cultural needs. One is said to attain a minimum standard of living if all his basic needs are satisfied.
Presented at the Midwest Summit Real Food Challenge Saturday February 19, 2011, with a viewing and discussion of Unnatural Causes: Is Inequality making us sick?
Tackling health inequities by focusing on structural determinantsJim Bloyd
An invited presentation to a half-day learning opportunity about a toolkit both developed by the Social Determinants of Health Reducing Poverty Sub-Aim Team of the larger Infant Mortality Collaborative Improvement and Innovation Network CoIIN-Illinois, which is led by the Illinois Department of Public Health’s Office of Women's Health and Family Services Division of Maternal, Child and Family Health Services.
Thanks to the event’s sponsor the University of Illinois at Chicago Center of Excellence in Maternal and Child Health.
Target audiences: This education event is targeted specifically toward people who work on infant and maternal health and other public health professionals. Health advocates and all those interested in making progress on the social determinants of health are welcome to join us. http://hmprg.org/Events/AdvancingtheWork
The Raising of America Film Screening and Panel Discussion April 29, 2015 6PM...CookCountyPLACEMATTERS
Join Cook County PLACE MATTERS at South Suburban College, South Holland, Illinois at 6PM for a special screening of The Raising of America, a new film documentary about early child development in the US. Congresswoman Robin Kelly and Cook County Department of Public Health COO Terry Mason will welcome the audience. Free and open to the public.
Health Care Reform and the Root causes of Health Inequities-Chicago Forum for...CookCountyPLACEMATTERS
The World Health Organization defines health equity as “the absence of unfair and avoidable or remediable differences in health services and outcomes among groups of people.” In Healthy People 2020, one of the goals set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is to “Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.”
While health equity is on the national agenda, do recent policies and health reforms move Illinois toward health equity? The forum brought together thought leaders to discuss health reform, to what degree it works toward health equity, and whether or not we are making progress on the social determinants of health.
The event provided an opportunity to:
Learn about Seattle & King County, Washington’s Health Equity ordinance, its positive impacts, and lessons from its implementation
Explore how health departments can be effective in helping to implement effective health reform and ensure progress toward health equity
Discuss both positive aspects and shortcomings of the Affordable Care Act vis-à-vis health equity
Consider the growing role of medical-legal partnerships and how they can help address social and legal issues that negatively impact the health of low-income people
McDonalds, a mega-world corporation, targets children in marketing schemes. Increasing rates of type 2 diabetes and obesity presses McDonalds to be held accountable for singling out children. RETIRE RONALD is an organization dedicated to putting an end to predatory advertising of McDonalds and protecting the health of the youth.
The Child Opportunity Index: Improving Collaboration Between Community Develo...CookCountyPLACEMATTERS
Improving neighborhood environments for children through
community development and other interventions may help improve
children
’
s health and reduce inequities in health. A first step is to
develop a population-level surveillance system of children
’
s neighborhood
environments. This article presents the newly developed Child
Opportunity Index for the 100 largest US metropolitan areas. The index
examines the extent of racial/ethnic inequity in the distribution of
children across levels of neighborhood opportunity. We found that high
concentrations of black and Hispanic children in the lowest-opportunity
neighborhoods are pervasive across US metropolitan areas. We also found
that 40 percent of black and 32 percent of Hispanic children live in very
low-opportunity neighborhoods within their metropolitan area,
compared to 9 percent of white children. This inequity is greater in some
metropolitan areas, especially those with high levels of residential
segregation. The Child Opportunity Index provides perspectives on child
opportunity at the neighborhood and regional levels and can inform
place-based community development interventions and non-place-based
interventions that address inequities across a region. The index can also
be used to meet new community data reporting requirements under the
Affordable Care Act.
Institute of Medicine Presentation September 30, 2014 by Cook County PLACE MA...CookCountyPLACEMATTERS
"Alliances with community and labor organizing: Building people power to address fundamental causes of obesity" was presented by Jim Bloyd, Felipe Tendick-Matesanz and Bonnie Rateree at a workshop of the Roundtable on Obesity Solutions at the Auditorium of the National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington DC on September 30, 2014. The presentation was webcast live, and will be available at http://www.iom.edu/Activities/Nutrition/ObesitySolutions/2014-SEP-30.aspx NOTE: Downloading the file may improve some graphics problems in slides 10-13.
FLYER Cook County PLACE MATTERS IOM Roundtable Presentation Sept 30, 2014CookCountyPLACEMATTERS
A flyer describes the September 30, 2014 presentation in Washington, DC by three representatives of Cook County PLACE MATTERS to the Roundtable on Obesity Solutions of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies. The public meeting will be webcast live.
Public Health Principles and Ethics: Quotes Handout Cook County Place Matters...CookCountyPLACEMATTERS
Six quotations with sources describe the social justice and human rights underpinnings of public health. Public health professionals have a duty to share their knowledge of occurrences of injustice when it comes to health. A society that fails to ensure the conditions necessary for health is unjust. Quotation references are the Public Health Leadership Society and "Social Justice: The moral foundations of public health and health policy" by Powers and Faden (2006), Oxford Press.
Newsletter Cook County PLACE MATTERS August 2014 ROC Chicago Organizes Restau...CookCountyPLACEMATTERS
Cook County PLACE MATTERS August 2014 Newsletter describes the work of ROC Chicago, the connection between income and life expectancy, and background on minimum wage for tipped workers. Resources are listed. Education and Health Equity Forum is advertised for August 14th.
Behind the kitchen door: the hidden costs of taking the low road in chicagol...CookCountyPLACEMATTERS
2010 Report by Restaurant Opportunities Centers Chicago documents low wages, unsafe working conditions, and segregation and discrimination in an industry employing 250,000 people in metropolitan Chicago. The 'Low Road" strategy for profit by the restaurant industry has resulted in 20% of restaurant workers receiving poverty wages. Workers of color experience worse incomes due to segregation in jobs and career opportunities. The High Road is possible. With recommendations
Jim Crow and Premature Mortality Among the US Black and White Poulation, 1960...CookCountyPLACEMATTERS
"...the study results offer compelling evidence of the enduring impact of both Jim Crow and its abolition on premature mortality among the US black population, althought insufficient to eliminate the persistent 2-fold black excess risk evident in both the Jim Crow and non-Jim Crow states from 1960 to 2009." Epidemiology Volume 25, Number 4, July 2014 Digital Object Identifier 10.1097/EDE.
Going Beyond What Movements are ‘Against’ to What They are ‘For’
Freedom Dreams Freedom Now asks the following questions: What language
do we have that reflects the kind of world we want to live in? Is there a rubric
under which “a” movement can rally today? What are the components of a
shared analysis of this moment, what is needed, what is possible and how?
What are new slogans, texts, terms that help us forge a collective analysis?
What are the freedom dreams of this generation of activists?
Freedom Dreams Freedom Now is an intergenerational gathering of scholars,
artists and activists commemorating the 50th Anniversary of Freedom Summer
1964 and mapping the landscape of contemporary social justice work.
We will engage in political and analytical quilting to connect different debates,
communities and movements.
Emerging Public Health Issues Health Equity (Page 3) Public Health Accreditat...CookCountyPLACEMATTERS
"This tip sheet is provided to accredited health departments to use as they prepare their annual reports." "Health equity is noted as an emerging public health issue because best and promising practices are moving the science and practice of public health beyond the traditional considerations of minority health and health disparities to more comprehensive concepts associated with ensuring deliberate consideration of the multiple determinants of health."
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Surgical Site Infections, pathophysiology, and prevention.pptx
Testimony from Bonnie Rateree, Cook County PLACE MATTERS, July 23, 2015 at the Public Hearing for the South Suburban Communities
1. Testimony: Bonnie Rateree, Cook County PLACE MATTERS July 23, 2015 Page 1
Public Hearing for the South Suburban Communities
Gloria Taylor Banquet Hall, 14820 Broadway, Harvey, Illinois
Testimony from Bonnie Rateree
Representing Cook County PLACE MATTERS
July 23, 2015 6:00 p.m. – 8:30 p.m.
1. [Introduction]
Good evening. My name is Bonnie Rateree, I am a life-long resident of Harvey, an
elected school-board member, and a master gardener promoting food and nutrition. This
evening I am giving testimony on health inequities in my role as Steering Committee
Member of Cook County PLACE MATTERS.
The two points of my testimony to you, elected officials in this public hearing tonight, is
that first, the roots of health inequities are to be found in the systemic, structural racism
of our County, State and country, which distributes the social determinants of health
unfairly and inequitably. And second, that we can only fulfil the human right to health—
and achieve health equity----by changing policy.
The popular explanation of health and disease is that each individual person is
responsible for her or his health, and that hospitals and physicians are the source of
health. However, a large and growing body of evidencei
shows this explanation of health
is wrongii
. While access to medical care is very important, these dominant narratives are
not true. These explanations tend to blame the victim, and shift attention away from the
policies that create societal conditions that produce a disproportionate burden of illness
and premature death among the Black population living in the Southland. In the words of
US health expert Jonathan Fielding “the fundamental challenge is convincing the
2. Testimony: Bonnie Rateree, Cook County PLACE MATTERS July 23, 2015 Page 2
American people that their health, individually and collectively, is primarily determined
by the social, physical, and economic environments in which we live.”iii
It is not an
accident that the social, physical and economic environment confronting the children and
families of Harvey, where I live and work, is so toxic. The environments that threaten the
lives of African-Americans in the southern suburbs of Cook County did not come about
naturally, they didn’t ‘just happen.’ The daily living conditions that cut Black lives short
are the result of policy. Journalist and author Ta-Nehisi Coates refers to the importance of
policy in his book on growing up in Baltimore: He writes “To be black in the Baltimore
of my youth was to be naked before the elements of the world before all the guns, fists,
knives, crack, rape, and disease. The nakedness is not an error, nor a pathology- the
nakedness is the correct and intended result of policy...”iv
2. [Evidence of racial health inequities]
I will now briefly describe evidence of population health inequities. Life expectancy can
be predicted by where you live in Cook County:
People living in neighborhoods with a median income of over 53,000 per year
lived almost 14 years longer than people living in neighborhoods with a median
income of less than 25,000 dollarsv
;
Black babies born to women in the South suburbs of Cook County are three
times-- that is 300%-- more likely to die before their first birthday than are white
babies born to women in the North suburbsvi
;
African-Americans in the South Suburbs are more than twice as likely to die from
diabetes when compared to their white counterparts living in the northern suburbs,
according to 2010 data from the Cook County Department of Public Health.vii
3. Testimony: Bonnie Rateree, Cook County PLACE MATTERS July 23, 2015 Page 3
Let me emphasize again that these unjust and preventable racial health inequities are
caused by powerful forces that distribute education resources, money, and living
conditions unfairly base on race and geography. Research from the American Journal of
Public Health for example, found that in the year 2000, 245,000 deaths in the US were
attributable to having less than a high school education. That is 50,000 more than the
number of people who died from heart attack that year.viii
Research on police violence
from the Harvard School of Public Health found that there is a disproportionate rate of
deaths among US black and white men due to law enforcement action: Between 1960 and
2010, Black men aged 15-34 years died from law enforcement actions at least 2.6 times
(260% more) the rate of their white counterparts.ix
3. [Policy Recommendations]
Let me make four policy recommendations;
First, we need to put an end once and for all to the unfair and broken system of education
financing that relies on local property taxes to fund public education. Education finance
expert and state budget analyst Ralph Martire has referred to this as a “structurally racist
system of finance that selects African Americans and Latinos for very poor education.”x
Second: Raise the minimum wage and eliminate the tipped wage in Illinois so that
working adults will be able to have an income more able to sustain health for themselves
and their children. The US has the least supportive family policies, and the highest child
poverty rate, among 20 wealthy countries in the world.xi
Maps of the Chicago area have
been created showing the locations where the opportunity for children to reach their full
potential is low, high and in between. The pattern in our area is similar to that of the
nation as a whole: Black and Hispanic children are concentrated in the lowest opportunity
4. Testimony: Bonnie Rateree, Cook County PLACE MATTERS July 23, 2015 Page 4
neighborhoods.xii
Thousands of people in Cook County work in the exploding restaurant
industry, in which tipped-wage workers receive less than the minimum wage, and do not
have equal opportunity to work in higher paid positions held disproportionately by white
males.xiii
Raising incomes for working adults increases the opportunities for children and
adults to be healthy.
Third: Illinois and the US needs to fully fund child care for adults with children so that
they can work outside the home. Access to quality and affordable child care is an
important part of helping children be healthy and develop fully. In our recent panel and
film screening of The Raising of America, Cook County PLACE MATTERS heard loud
and clear from working parents about the high cost of child care. The audience told our
panel that elected officials need to watch the film to better understand the issue.
Finally, legislators should make it mandatory that health care providers report deaths and
injuries caused by police actions to health agencies in a timely manner. This would make
‘legal intervention’ when injury or death is involved a reportable condition. Policing is a
critical and unrecognized determinant of health inequities, yet the US does not maintain a
complete count of individuals killed by police. And according to research by Justin
Feldman, there is “widespread unwillingness on the part of police departments to share
data with the public. State and local health departments can serve as the independent
monitors of police violence”xiv
that we need.
Thank you for this opportunity to provide testimony. My remarks also have Appendices
and References which I hope are helpful to this Hearing.
5. Testimony: Bonnie Rateree, Cook County PLACE MATTERS July 23, 2015 Page 5
End Notes
i
Solar and Irwin (2010) A conceptual Framework for action on the social determinants of health. Geneva: World
Health Organization; Koh, et al. (2011) Healthy People: A 2020 Vision for the social determinants approach. Health
Education and Behavior, 38(6), 551-557; National Association of County and City Health Officials. (2014). Expanding
the Boundaries: Health equity and public health practice. Washington, DC: NACCHO.
ii
Raphael, D. (2002) Social justice is good for our hearts: Why societal factors---not lifestyles---are major causes of
heart disease in Canada and elsewhere. Toronto: CSJ Foundation for Research and Educaiton.
iii
Fielding, J. E. Public Health in Big Cities: Looking back, looking forward. Journal of Public Health Management and
Practice, 21, Supplment 1, S20-3. Page S22.
iv
Ta-Nehisi Coates quotation. cited by Muwakil, Salim, July 21, 2015. “Ta-Nehisi Coates’ “Between the World and
Me” Forever Changes the Meaning of ‘The American Dream’ In These Times-Views.
http://inthesetimes.com/article/18221/salim-muwakkil-reviews-between-the-world-and-me Full quotation: “The
nakedness is not an error, nor a pathology- the nakedness is the correct and intended result of policy, the
predictable upshot of people forced for centuries to live under fear.”
v
Cook County PLACE MATTERS & Virginia Commonwealth University (2012). Place Matters for Health In Cook
County
vi
Cook County Department of Public Health (2010) Community Health Status Report—Infant Mortality Figure 3,
page 2 http://www.cookcountypublichealth.org/files/data-and-reports/chsa/CHSA%20Section%204.pdf Accessed
July 22, 2015.
vii
Cook County Department of Public Health (2010) Community Health Status Report—Diabetes Figure 4, page 3.
http://www.cookcountypublichealth.org/files/data-and-reports/chsa/CHSA%20Section%203.pdf Accessed July 22,
2015.
viii
Galea, S. et al (2011). Estimated deaths attributable to social factors in the United States. American Journal of
Public Health, 101(8), 1456-1465.
ix
Krieger, N., et al. (2015). Trends in US deaths due to legal intervention among black and white men, age 15-34
years, by county income level: 1960-2010. Harvard Public Health Review, 3, 1-5.
x
Martire, Ralph February 11, 2014. “School Funding Reform, Closing the Opportunity Gap” Presentation, DePaul
University, Chicago. Cable Access Network TV accessed on Youtube Feb 20, 2014.
xi
Marmot, M. (2007) Achieving health equity: From root causes to fair outcomes. Lancet 370(9593), 1153-1163.
xii
Acevedo-Garcia, D. (2014). The child opportunity index: Improving collaboration between community
development and public health. Health Affairs, 33(11), 1948-1957.; See also maps available online at
DiversityDataKids.org
xiii
ROC Chicago
xiv
Feldman, Justin “Public Health and the Policing of Black Lives” Harvard Review of Public Health No. 6, July 2015.
http://harvardpublichealthreview.org/public-health-and-the-policing-of-black-lives/
6. Cook County Department of Public Health
Community Health Status Report 2010 Infant Mortality- Page 2
2000-2002 vs. 2005-2007
By Race
The infant mortality rate for the
Cook County Department of
Public Health’s (CCDPH)
jurisdiction decreased slightly
from 7.3/1,000 in 2000-2002 to
6.9/1,000 in 2005-2007.
From 2000-2002 to 2005-2007,
while the infant mortality rate
among Asians increased slightly
from 3.4 to 4.3/1,000, the rate was
below the Healthy People (HP)
2010 goal of 4.5/1,000. The infant
mortality rate among African
Americans (AA) in the same time
periods remained the same
(approximately 14.3/1,000).
Infant mortality rates decreased
slightly for Hispanics (from 6.3 to
5.5/1,000) and for Whites (from
5.5 to 5.0/1,000).
Figure 2
2005-2007
By Race/Ethnicity
During 2005-2007, the infant
mortality rate for SCC was 15.1
per 1,000, slightly higher than the
Illinois and U.S. rates (14.5 and
14.1/1,000 respectively).
The infant mortality rate in the
South district was 11.3/1,000
which was more than double that
of the North district, which was
4.4/1,000.
In all regions, the rates of infant
mortality for African Americans
was approximately double that of
Whites and Hispanics. The West
district had the highest rate of
infant mortality for African
Americans (17.8 per 1,000),
followed by the South district
(14.3 per 1,000).
Figure 3
7. Cook County Department of Public Health
Community Health Status Report 2010 Diabetes- Page 3
2005-2007
By Race/Ethnicity
The diabetes mortality rate in
SCC (62.5/100,000) was lower
than Illinois (69.7/100,000) and
the U.S. (75.5/100,000).
Diabetes mortality rates were
highest for AAs compared to
other racial/ethnic groups
across all regions. In SCC, the
AA diabetes mortality rate
(135.9/100,000) was higher than
the AA rate for Illinois
(101.2/100,000).
The overall diabetes mortality
rates among Asians in SCC, were
much higher than the U.S. and
Illinois rates, notably in the
North district, 113.8/100,000
which was double the U.S. rate
(56.3/100,000).
Figure 4
2005-2007
By Gender
Across all regions, diabetes
mortality rates for males were
higher than females. In SCC, the
diabetes mortality rate for males
was 81.0/100,000 compared to
females at 50.8/100,000.
Diabetes mortality rates for
males (108.3/100,000) and
females (68.0/100,000) were the
highest in the South district
Figure 5
8. Cook County Department of Public Health
Health Equity…
the attainment of the highest level of
health for all people (US DHHS 2011)
Source: Virginia
Commonwealth
U., Cook County
PLACE MATTERS
(2012)
9. T
o inform current national discussions about the deaths of black
menduetothepolice,1wepresentnoveldataonlong-termtrends
(1960-2010) in deaths due to legal intervention (i.e., deaths due
to law enforcement actions) among US black and white men, by county
income level. Among the three health studies investigating trends in this
outcome, one focused on the total US population for 1962-1993, 2 one
documented a marked excess for young adult black as compared to white
menfor1979-1997,3andthethirdreportedonsystematicunderreporting
of such deaths, overall and by race/ethnicity and age, for 1976-1998; 4
none included socioeconomic data.
Methods
We analyzed US national mortality data for 1960-2010, 5 6 using
individual-level mortality records and census denominator data
stratified by age, gender, and race/ethnicity, aggregated to the county
level, and to which we have appended the corresponding year-specific
US county median family income data, categorized into quintiles. 7 We
report trends (3-year moving average mortality rates) for the two main
groups at risk: US black and white men, age 15-34.
Trends in US deaths due to
legal intervention among
black and white men, age 15-
34 years, by county income
level: 1960-2010
Nancy Krieger, PhD, Mathew V. Kiang, MPH, Jarvis T. Chen, DSc, and
Pamela D. Waterman, MPH
VOLUME 3, JANUARY 2015
1
10. Results
Between 1960 and 2010, 15699 US deaths were classified as due
to legal intervention, of which 63.3% (n=9934) occurred among men
age 15-34. Among these men, 5489 were classified as white (55.3%) and
4204 as black (42.3%), a percentage 3 to 4 times that for the US black
population (e.g., 1960: 10.5% black, 88.6% white; 2010: 12.6% black,
72.4% white). Only rates for the black men exhibited a sharp rise and fall
(1960s-1970s) followed by a post 1980-plateau; rates for the white men
exhibited far less variation (Figure 1, Table 1). The rate ratio for black
vs. white men for death due to legal intervention always exceeded 2.5
(median: 4.5) and ranged from 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1, 3.1)
in 2001 to 10.1 (95% CI 8.7, 11.7) in 1969, with the relative and absolute
excess evident in all county income quintiles (Table 1).
Discussion
Our results indicate that the excess black vs. white mortality rate
among men age 15-34 due to legal intervention is both longstanding –
and modifiable. Given documented greater underreporting of black vs.
white homicides by police officers, the results also likely underestimate
the black vs. white excess. Moreover, the lack of sharp difference
by county income quintile, post-1980, stands in contrast to well-
documented inequities by county income level for both infant mortality
and premature mortality (death before age 65), suggesting that societal
determinants of deaths due to legal intervention are driven by additional
or different aspects of societal inequality. We cannot, based on the
limited data available, address debates over whether our findings reflect
racially biased use of excessive force. Nevertheless, the data presented
provide context for the 2014 emergence of police killings as a highly
visible topic. Repeated protests have taken place in most major US
cities, about both the deaths themselves and also – in the two very high
profile cases involving Michael Brown (Ferguson, Missouri) and Eric
Garner (Staten Island, New York) – the decision of grand juries to decline
recommendingthatcriminalchargesbefiledforthesedeaths.Journalists
report that these latest deaths and the responses of the criminal justice
system have reignited the concerns and distress triggered by the 2012
acquittal of George Zimmerman, a volunteer neighborhood watchman
who killed the teenager Trayvon Martin. In all three of these cases, the
victims were unarmed Black American teenage boys or men. The dearth
of health research on police killings and their impact on the families,
neighborhoods, and communities affected is stark. When it comes to
reckoning the toll of racial inequality, accountability requires counting.
We offer these descriptive analyses to stimulate further investigation
into the patterns, causes, and consequences of social inequalities in
deaths due to legal intervention.
2
TRENDS IN
U.S. DEATHS
DUE TO LEGAL
INTERVENTION
Nancy Krieger, PhD
Mathew V. Kiang, MPH
Jarvis T. Chen, DSc
PamelaD.Waterman,MPH
VOLUME 3 JANUARY 2015
11. Figure 1. Trends in US mortality rates (3-year moving average), 1960-2010, for black and white
men, ages 15-34, for deaths due to legal intervention, by county income quintile (lowest three
versus top two)
3
VOLUME 3 JANUARY 2015
TRENDS IN
U.S. DEATHS
DUE TO LEGAL
INTERVENTION
Nancy Krieger, PhD
Mathew V. Kiang, MPH
Jarvis T. Chen, DSc
PamelaD.Waterman,MPH
Table 1
US mortality rates (3-year moving average, per 100,000), and rate
ratio and rate difference (and 95% confidence interval (CI)), for black
and white men, ages 15-34, for deaths due to legal intervention, overall
and by county income quintile: 1965, 1975, 1985, 1995, and 2005
International
Classification of
Diseases (ICD):
version*
Death due to legal intervention
ICD-7 (1958-1967) (E984) “Injury by intervention ofpolice” (and not including: (E985)
“Execution”)
ICD-8 (1968-1978) (E970-E977) “Legal intervention” (and excluding (E978)”Legal
execution”)
ICD-9 (1979-1998) (E970-E977) “Legal intervention (and excluding (E978) “Legal
execution”)
ICD-10 (1999-20120) (Y35.0-Y35.4, Y35.6-Y35.7) “legal intervention” (and excluding
(Y35.5) “executions”)
* ICDcodes as listed at: http://www.wolfbane.com/icd/(http://www.wolfbane.com/icd/)
13. 5
TRENDS IN
U.S. DEATHS
DUE TO LEGAL
INTERVENTION
Nancy Krieger, PhD
Mathew V. Kiang, MPH
Jarvis T. Chen, DSc
PamelaD.Waterman,MPH
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VOLUME 3 JANUARY 2015