The document outlines the 10-step test development process:
1. Identify instructional objectives and content outline.
2. Construct a table of specifications.
3. Select item types like multiple choice, true/false, matching, and essay.
4. Write test items considering cognitive level and objectives.
5. Sequence items by difficulty and write instructions.
6. Develop answer sheets, keys, and administration procedures.
7. Administer the test and revise it based on results.
This file presents the different objective types of tests, their advantages and disadvantages, and the guidelines on how to construct these tests properly.
This file presents the different objective types of tests, their advantages and disadvantages, and the guidelines on how to construct these tests properly.
Test Assembling (writing and constructing)Tasneem Ahmad
Test Assembling (writing and constructing)
Sentence completion
Short answer questions
True false, alternate choice and matching questions
Directions for the test
WWW.TASNEEMKHOKHAR1280@GMAIL.COM
Test Assembling (writing and constructing)Tasneem Ahmad
Test Assembling (writing and constructing)
Sentence completion
Short answer questions
True false, alternate choice and matching questions
Directions for the test
WWW.TASNEEMKHOKHAR1280@GMAIL.COM
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. Test Development Process
1. Identify instructional objectives
2. Content Outline
3. Table of Specifications
4. Item Selection
5. Item Construction
6.Sequencing of Items
7. Composition of Instructions
8. Development of Answer Sheets and
Construction of Answer Keys
9. Test Administration
10. Test Revision
3. 1. Identify instructional objectives
- Identification of instructional objectives and learning outcomes.
Test Development Process
8. 2. Content Outline
List all the topics covered
3. Table of Specifications
Construct a Table of Specification (TOS)
Test Development Process
9. Need to Consider and Decide:
• Length of Test
• Weight to be given to each objective
• Weight to be given to each level of taxonomy
• Estimate number of items in each cell
11. 4. Item Selection
- Select the appropriate type of test. The choice of test type depends on what shall be
measured
Conventional Assessment
A. Objective Test:
- Multiple Choice
- Matching Type
-True/False
- Identification
B. Subjective Test:
- Essay
- Diagram
- Concept Map
Test Development Process
12. MULTIPLE TYPE OF TEST
•One of the best type of testing
•The introductory part of an item is called the STEM.
•The suggested responses are called ALTERNATIVES.
•The main stem of the test item may be constructed
question form, completion form or direction form
13. RULES IN CONSTRUCTING
Multiple Type
• Statements borrowed from the books or other
references must be avoided
• Articles an/a must be avoided as last words in an
incomplete sentence.
• The main stem should be clear.
• In items testing definitions place the word/term in
the stem. Use definition or description as alternatives.
19. True/False Type
• Binomial-choice tests are tests that have only two (2) options
such as true or false, right or wrong, good or better and so on.
• A modified true-false test can offset the effect of guessing by
requiring students to explain their answer and to disregard a
correct answer if the explanation is incorrect.
20. Rules in Constructing True/False Test
1. Do not give a hint (inadvertently) in the body of the
question.
Example:
The Philippines gained its independence in 1898 and therefore
celebrated its centennial year in 2000.
21. Rules in Constructing True/False Test
2. Avoid using the words “always”, “never” “often” and
other adverbs that tend to be either always true or
always false.
Example:
Christmas always falls on a Sunday because it is a Sabbath day.
22. Rules in Constructing True/False Test
3. Avoid long sentences as these tend to be “true”. Keep
sentences short.
Example:
Tests need to be valid, reliable and useful, although, it would
require a great amount of time and effort to ensure that tests
possess these test characteristics.
23. Rules in Constructing True/False Test
4. Avoid trick statements with some minor misleading
word or spelling anomaly, misplaced phrases, etc. A
wise student who does not know the subject matter may
detect this strategy and thus get the answer correctly.
Example:
The Principle of our school is Mr. Albert P. Panadero.
24. Rules in Constructing True/False Test
5. Avoid quoting verbatim from reference materials or
textbooks. This practice sends the wrong signal to the
students that it is necessary to memorize the textbook
word for word and thus, acquisition of higher level
thinking skills is not given due importance.
25. Rules in Constructing True/False Test
6. Avoid specific determiners or give-away
qualifiers. Students quickly learn that strongly worded
statements are more likely to be false than true, for
example, statements with “never” “no” “all” or “always.”
Moderately worded statements are more likely to be
true than false. Statements with “many” “often”
“sometimes” “generally” ‘frequently” or “some” should
be avoided.
26. Rules in Constructing True/False Test
7. With true or false questions, avoid a grossly
disproportionate number of either true or false
statements or even patterns in the occurrence of true
and false statements.
27. Completion Type Test
• This test consists of a series of items which requires
the test to fill a word or phrase on the blanks. This is
also called filling the blank type of test.
28. Rules in Constructing Completion Type Test
1.State the item so that only a single, brief answer is possible.
2. Type:
-What is another name for cone-bearing trees? (coniferous trees)
-Cone-bearing trees are also called: (coniferous trees)
3. Leave only one blank. This should relate to the main point of the
statement.
4. Place the blanks at the end of the statement.
5. Word the items to avoid irrelevant clues or specific determiner.
29. MATCHING TYPE TEST (ANALOGY)
Suggestion on Construction
• The relationship of the first pair of words must be
equal to the relationship of the second.
• Destructors must be plausible.
• All options must be constructed in parallel language.
• Only homogenous relationship must be included in
each item.
• Maximum number of items 10 to 15.
• Column A must be longer (Premise) than Column B
(Options).
• Put destructors as much as 3.
• Remember do not make a pattern.
30. KINDS OF RELATIONSHIP
Analogy
• Purpose Relationship
• Cause and Effect Relationship
• Part-Whole Relationship
• Part- Part Relationship
• Action to Object Relationship
• Object to Action Relationship
• Synonym Relationship
• Antonym Relationship
• Place Relationship
• Degree Relationship
• Characteristic
Relationship
• Sequence Relationship
• Grammatical Relationship
• Numerical Relationship
• Association Relationship
31. TRUE OR FALSE
• Used to measure the ability to identify whether or not
the statements of facts are correct
32. PRINCIPLES
True Or False
•Avoid the use absolute modifiers. (e.g. all, non,
no, always, never, nothing, only, alone, more and
not)
•Avoid the use of determiners. (may, some,
seldom, sometimes, usually, often, frequently,
generally)
•The test items must be arranged in group of five.
33. PRINCIPLES
True Or False
•In indicating response it must be as simple as
possible where the single letter is enough to
facilitate scoring.
•The use of similar statements from the books
must be avoided to minimize memorizing.
•The items are carefully constructed so that the
language is within the level of the students.
Flowering words must be avoided.
•Statements is partly right and partly wrong must
be avoided.
34. PRINCIPLES
True Or False
• Ambiguous and double negative statement must
be avoided.
• True or False statement must be equally
numbered and length.
• Do not use statements that cannot be answered
by true or false, yes or no.
• Maximum number of items 10 to 15.
35. FILL IN THE BLANKS
•The easiest to construct where the items appear
as a direct question.
•The response requires the learners to recall
previously learned materials and the answers are
usually short, consisting of either a word or
phrase.
36. GUIDELINES
Fill in the Blanks
•Omit only significant words from the statement.
•Do not omit so many words from the statement
that the intended meaning is lost.
•Limit the required response to a single word or
phrase.
37. GUIDELINES
Fill in the Blanks
•Avoid lifting statements from the book.
•Omit key words.
•Avoid an/a before the blank.
•Do not the vary the length of the blank.
•Guard against the possibility that one item or part of
the test may suggest the correct response to the
another item.
•Avoid giving grammatical clues to the answer expected.
38. ESSAY EXAMINATION
•It must be planned and constructed carefully in
advance.
•It must show major aspects of the lesson.
•Time limit on each questions must be considered.
•Should measure higher order mental process.
•Make the language in the test question clear.
•Make sure that the directions are clear and
understandable.
39. TYPE
Essay Examination
•Selective Recall
•Evaluation Recall
•Comparison of Two Things (Specific)
•Comparison of Two Things (General)
•Explanation of the use of exact
meanings of some phrases or
statements in the passage.
•Summary of some unit of the test in
some article read
41. CONTINUATION…
• Analysis
• Statement of Relationship
• Illustrations and Example of Principles in Science
and Language Construction.
• Classification
• Application of the Rules or Principle in New
Situations.
• Discussion
• Statement Aim
42. ADVANTAGES
Essay Examination
• Easy to construct
• Economical
• Trains the core of organizing, expressing and reasoning
power.
• Minimizes guessing
• Develops critical thinking
• Minimizes cheating and memorizing
• Develops good study habits
43. DISADVANTAGES
Essay Examination
• Low validity
• Very low reliability due to subjectivity
• Low usability
• Encourages bluffing
• Difficult to correct
44. 5. Item Construction
- Write the items of the test considering the objective
Test Development Process
Cognitive Domain
Blooms Taxonomy Anderson (Revised Blooms
Taxonomy)
Knowledge
LOTS
Remembering
Comprehension Understanding
Application
HOTS
Applying
Analysis Analyzing
Synthesis Creating
Evaluation Evaluating
49. 6.Sequencing of Items
- The test items has to be arranged based on difficulty
7. Composition of Instructions
- The test directions should be clear and simple.
8. Development of Answer Sheets and Construction of Answer
Keys
- This is done to facilitate the checking of the students’
answers
Test Development Process
51. References:
• Balagtas, M., (2020). Assessment of Learning 1. Rex Bookstore, Manila
Philippines
• Burton, S. et al, (1991). How to Prepare Better Multiple-Choice Test
Items: Guidelines for University Faculty
• Del Socorro, F, Omas-as, R., Galela, R., (2011). Assessment of Student
Learning 1 & 2. Great Books Publishing, Quezon City
• Gabuyo, Y. & Dy, G., 2012. Assessment of Learning II. Rex Bookstore,
Manila, Philippines.
• McTighe, J. & Ferrara, S., (2021).Assessing Student Learning by
Design: Principles and Practices for Teachers and School Leaders
Editor's Notes
This will serve as a guide in writing test items.
This will serve as a guide in writing test items.
Weight to be given to each objective
Weight to be given to each level of taxonomy
Estimate number of items in each cell
This will serve as a guide in writing test items.
Example 1. the capital city of cebu is ___.
2. Miriam defensor Santiago was born in___
3. the___ is ___ etc…
