This document discusses various components of electrical circuits including: - The flow of electrons through conductors and the zig zag movement of electrons. - Digital sensors that convert and transmit data digitally. - Capacitors that are designed to store large amounts of electrical energy. - Resistors that electricity does not flow through easily and can change electrical energy into other forms like light or heat.

1. Flow of electrons
from one place to
another.

4. Advantages of circuit diagrams
 Quicker to make
 Connections between
the components are
easier to see.
 Symbols are
standerised.

11. Digital sensors
 A digital sensor is an electronic or
electrochemical sensor, where data conversion and
data transmission are done digitally.

12. capacitors
Although the ability to store some electrical energy
is common, devices called capacitors are
purposely designed to store large amounts of
electrical energy.

13. Symbols used in circuit diagrams

15. Justify the flow of electrons in
conductor
 There are many materials that
allow charges to move easily.
They are calledconductors.
Conductors have the quality
of conductivity
Conductivity is a quality
related to the conductor. A
material that is a good
conductor gives very little
resistance to the flow of
charge. This flow of charge is
called an electric current. A
good conductor has high
conductivity.

17. Zig zag movement of electrons

18. Resistance

19. Resistors
A resistor is anything that electricity can not travel
through easily. When electricity is forced through a
resistor, often the energy in the electricity is changed
into another form of energy, such as light or heat. The
reason a light bulb glows is that electricity is forced
through tungsten, which is a resistor. The energy is
released as light and heat.

20. Variable resistor

21. buzzers

22. Fuses and circuit breakers.
 The fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in an appliance
causes too much current flow. This protects the wiring
and the appliance if something goes wrong. The fuse
contains a piece of wire that melts easily. If the current
going through the fuse is too great, the wire heats up
until it melts and breaks the circuit.