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TENSES
INTRODUCTION / DEFINITION
• The word Tense is derives from latin word “tempus” which means time.
• Tense of a verb indicates the time & state of an action or event by changing
its form
Based on Time Frame
• The verb tenses may be categorized according to the time frame:
Present Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense
PRESENT TENSE: It expresses an unchanging, repeated or re action or
situation that exists only now. It can also represent a widespread truth.
PAST TENSE: It expresses an action or situation that was started and finished
in the past.
FUTURE TENSE: It expresses an action or situation that will occur in the
future.
BASED ON ASPECT
Verb tenses may also be categorized according to aspect. Aspect refers to the
nature of the action described by the verb.
There are four aspects:
• Indefinite or Simple
• Continuous or Progressive
• Perfect or Complete
• Perfect Continuous
ASPECTS
1. INDEFINITE TENSE : The three indefinite tenses or simple tenses, describe an
action but do not state whether the action is finished.
2. CONTINOUS TENSE: The three continuous tenses, incomplete tenses, or
progressive tenses, describe an unfinished action.
3. PERFECT TENSE: The three complete tenses or perfect tenses, describe a
finished action
4. PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE: To combine the complete tenses and the
incomplete tenses, to describe an action which was in progress and then finished.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Do-I,We,You,They Does-He/She/It
If the subject is HE/SHE/IT and singular name-’s/es’ is added
Ex: 1.She drinks coffee everyday.
2.He tries very hard.
3.Sita plays in the park.
If the subject is I/WE/YOU/THEY and plural names-’the verb should be plural’.
Ex: 1.They watch television regularly.
2.We catch the bus every morning.
Form: Subject+verb(present/V1)+Object
PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
Form:Subject+am/is/are+verb(ing) +oBject
I  Am
He/She/It  Is
You/We/They  Are
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Form:Subject+have/has+past participle(v3)+object
Have  I/We/You/They
Has  He/She/It
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
Form:Subject+has/have been+verb(ing)+object
Have been  I/We/You/They
Has been  He/She/It
INDICATIONS OR SIGNAL WORDS:
3.PRESENT PERFECT:
just, just now, just before,
ever, ever before, several
times etc
2.PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
at present still, now, watch, See,
look, right now, right away etc
1.SIMPLE PRESENT:
Everyday/week/year/time etc
Rarely often, sometimes, occasionally,
usually etc
4.PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
for two weeks, Since Tuesday,
since June, for the last 30
minutes.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Form:Subject+verb(V2)+object
Did  all subjects
I/We/You/They/He/She/It
PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
Form:Subject+WAS/Were+verb(ing)+object
Was  He/She/It/I
Were  I/We/You/They
Ex:1. As we were playing, it started to rain.
2. While we were playing, it started to snow.
3.This time yesterday we were playing basket ball.
4.It was raining at noon yesterday.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Form:Subject+HAD+v3(PAST PARTICIPLE)+object
Had  all subjects
Ex: After Sofie had finished her work, she went to
lunch.
PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
Form:Subject+Had been + verb(ing)+object
Had been  all subjects
Ex: Martha had been walking three miles a day before
she broke her leg.
INDICATIONS OR SIGNAL WORDS:
3.PAST PERFECT:
before, after + simple past tense
Ex: After Sofie had finished her
work, she went to lunch.
2.PAST CONTINUOUS:
Time expressions commonly used
with the past continuous tense.
Ex: We were having dinner between seven and
eight yesterday evening.
1.SIMPLE PAST:
yesterday, last night, day before,
Yesterday, last week/Year/month, in
the morning, long ago
4.PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
When, for, since and before etc
Ex: Martha had been walking three
miles a day before she broke her leg.
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Form:Subject+will+verb(v1)+object
Will  all subjects
[The modal verb ‘shall’ is used with ‘I’ and ‘We’]
FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE
Form:Subject+will be+verb(ing)+object
Will be  all subjects
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Form:Subject+will HAVE+v3(PAST Participle)+object
Will have  all subjects
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
Form:Subject+will have
been+verb(ing)+object
INDICATIONS OR SIGNAL WORDS:
3.FUTURE PERFECT:
by 2027, by 4:30 today
evening etc
2.FUTURE CONTINUOUS:
by 6:30 tomorrow, by this
time tomorrow etc
1.SIMPLE FUTURE:
Tomorrow, next week/month
Sunday, coming year, day after
tomorrow, later etc
4.FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
From 2023 onwards, from
next Sunday onwards, for 5
years etc
TENSES.pptx

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TENSES.pptx

  • 2. INTRODUCTION / DEFINITION • The word Tense is derives from latin word “tempus” which means time. • Tense of a verb indicates the time & state of an action or event by changing its form
  • 3. Based on Time Frame • The verb tenses may be categorized according to the time frame: Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense
  • 4. PRESENT TENSE: It expresses an unchanging, repeated or re action or situation that exists only now. It can also represent a widespread truth. PAST TENSE: It expresses an action or situation that was started and finished in the past. FUTURE TENSE: It expresses an action or situation that will occur in the future.
  • 5. BASED ON ASPECT Verb tenses may also be categorized according to aspect. Aspect refers to the nature of the action described by the verb. There are four aspects: • Indefinite or Simple • Continuous or Progressive • Perfect or Complete • Perfect Continuous
  • 6. ASPECTS 1. INDEFINITE TENSE : The three indefinite tenses or simple tenses, describe an action but do not state whether the action is finished. 2. CONTINOUS TENSE: The three continuous tenses, incomplete tenses, or progressive tenses, describe an unfinished action. 3. PERFECT TENSE: The three complete tenses or perfect tenses, describe a finished action 4. PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE: To combine the complete tenses and the incomplete tenses, to describe an action which was in progress and then finished.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Do-I,We,You,They Does-He/She/It If the subject is HE/SHE/IT and singular name-’s/es’ is added Ex: 1.She drinks coffee everyday. 2.He tries very hard. 3.Sita plays in the park. If the subject is I/WE/YOU/THEY and plural names-’the verb should be plural’. Ex: 1.They watch television regularly. 2.We catch the bus every morning. Form: Subject+verb(present/V1)+Object
  • 10. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE Form:Subject+am/is/are+verb(ing) +oBject I  Am He/She/It  Is You/We/They  Are
  • 11. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Form:Subject+have/has+past participle(v3)+object Have  I/We/You/They Has  He/She/It
  • 12. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE Form:Subject+has/have been+verb(ing)+object Have been  I/We/You/They Has been  He/She/It
  • 13. INDICATIONS OR SIGNAL WORDS: 3.PRESENT PERFECT: just, just now, just before, ever, ever before, several times etc 2.PRESENT CONTINUOUS: at present still, now, watch, See, look, right now, right away etc 1.SIMPLE PRESENT: Everyday/week/year/time etc Rarely often, sometimes, occasionally, usually etc 4.PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: for two weeks, Since Tuesday, since June, for the last 30 minutes.
  • 14.
  • 15. SIMPLE PAST TENSE Form:Subject+verb(V2)+object Did  all subjects I/We/You/They/He/She/It
  • 16. PAST CONTINOUS TENSE Form:Subject+WAS/Were+verb(ing)+object Was  He/She/It/I Were  I/We/You/They Ex:1. As we were playing, it started to rain. 2. While we were playing, it started to snow. 3.This time yesterday we were playing basket ball. 4.It was raining at noon yesterday.
  • 17. PAST PERFECT TENSE Form:Subject+HAD+v3(PAST PARTICIPLE)+object Had  all subjects Ex: After Sofie had finished her work, she went to lunch.
  • 18. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE Form:Subject+Had been + verb(ing)+object Had been  all subjects Ex: Martha had been walking three miles a day before she broke her leg.
  • 19. INDICATIONS OR SIGNAL WORDS: 3.PAST PERFECT: before, after + simple past tense Ex: After Sofie had finished her work, she went to lunch. 2.PAST CONTINUOUS: Time expressions commonly used with the past continuous tense. Ex: We were having dinner between seven and eight yesterday evening. 1.SIMPLE PAST: yesterday, last night, day before, Yesterday, last week/Year/month, in the morning, long ago 4.PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS: When, for, since and before etc Ex: Martha had been walking three miles a day before she broke her leg.
  • 20.
  • 21. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE Form:Subject+will+verb(v1)+object Will  all subjects [The modal verb ‘shall’ is used with ‘I’ and ‘We’]
  • 22. FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE Form:Subject+will be+verb(ing)+object Will be  all subjects
  • 23. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE Form:Subject+will HAVE+v3(PAST Participle)+object Will have  all subjects
  • 24. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE Form:Subject+will have been+verb(ing)+object
  • 25. INDICATIONS OR SIGNAL WORDS: 3.FUTURE PERFECT: by 2027, by 4:30 today evening etc 2.FUTURE CONTINUOUS: by 6:30 tomorrow, by this time tomorrow etc 1.SIMPLE FUTURE: Tomorrow, next week/month Sunday, coming year, day after tomorrow, later etc 4.FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS: From 2023 onwards, from next Sunday onwards, for 5 years etc