grammer

1. Tense
To express time of action and its degree of
completeness, TENSE is used .

2. TENSE
PRESENT PAST Future
• simple/indefinite
• Continuous
• Perfect
• Perfect continuous
• simple/indefinite
• Continuous
• Perfect
• Perfect continuous
• simple/indefinite
• Continuous
• Perfect
• Perfect continuous

3. 1. PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE / SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
a) Positive
Subject + V1(s,es) +Object (he, she, name, singular things)
Subject +V1 + Object (I, you , we , they , plural things )
Eg. She plays cricket.
They play cricket.

4. b) Negative
Sub.+ does not + v1 + Obj. (he, she, name, singular things)
Sub. +do not +v1 + Obj. (I, you , we , they , plural things )
Eg. He does not play cricket.
They do not play cricket.
c) Interrogative
Do/does + sub. + v1 + obj. ?
Eg. Does he go to school?
do they play cricket ?

5. 2) PAST INDEFINITE TENSE / SIMPLE PAST TENSE
a) Positive
Sub. + V2 + object Eg. He went to school .
b) Negative
Sub. + did not + V1 + object
Eg. He did not go to school .
c) Interrogative
Did + sub. +V1+ object?
Eg. Did she go to school ?
Did he not go to school ? Didn’t he go to school ?

6. 3) FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE/ SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
a) Positive
Sub.+ will/shall + V1+ obj.
Eg. He will go to school .
b) Negative
Sub. + will/shall +not + V1 + obj.
Eg. He will not go to school.
c) Interrogative
Shall/will + sub. + V1 +obj. ?
Eg. Will I go to school ?

7. 4) PRESENT CONITINUOUS TENSE
a) Positive
Sub. + is/ am /are + V1+ing + obj. IS –He, She, Name , singular things
AM – I
Eg. She is dancing. ARE – They , we, you , plural things
They are playing.
I am teaching.
b)Negative
Sub. + is/ am /are + not + V1+ing + obj.
Eg. She is not dancing.
They are not playing.
I am not teaching.
C) Interrogative
is/am/are + sub. +v1+ing +obj. ? Eg. Are they playing ?

8. 5) PAST CONITINOUS TENSE
a)Positive
Sub. + was/were + v1+ing + obj. was–He, She, Name , sing. Things , I
Eg. She was dancing. were – They , we, you , plural things
They were playing.
I was teaching.
b)Negative
Sub. + was/were + not + v1+ing + obj.
Eg. She was not dancing.
They were not playing.
I was not teaching.
C) Interrogative
Was/were + sub. +v1+ing +obj.?
Eg. Were they playing ?

9. 6) FUTURE CONITINOUS TENSE
a) Positive
Sub. + will/shall + be + V1+ing + obj.
Eg. She will be dancing.
They will be playing.
I shall be teaching.
b)Negative
Sub. + will/shall + not +be+ V1+ing + obj.
Eg. She will not be dancing.
They will not be playing.
I shall not be teaching.
C) Interrogative
Will/shall + sub. +be + V1+ing +obj. ?
Eg. Will they be playing cricket ?

10. 7) PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
a) Positive
Sub. + has/have + V3 + obj. Has- he, she, name, singular things
Eg. I have done this work. Have – I, we, you , they, plural .
b) Negative
Sub.+ Has/have + not + v3+ obj.
Eg. I have not done this work .
c) Interrogative
Has/have + sub. V3 + obj. ?
Eg. Have they gone to school ?

11. 8) PAST PERFECT TENSE
a) Positive
Sub. + had + V3 + obj.
Eg. I had done this work.
b) Negative
Sub.+ Had + not + v3+ obj.
Eg. I had not done this work .
c) Interrogative
Had + sub. V3 + obj.
Eg. Had they gone to school ?

12. 9) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
a) Positive
Sub. + will/shall + have + V3 + obj.
Eg. I will have done this work.
b) Negative
Sub.+ will/shall + not +have + v3+ obj.
Eg. I will not have done this work .
c) Interrogative
Will/shall + sub. +have + V3 + obj.
Eg. Will they have gone to school ?

13. 10) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
(H.V) (M.V)
a)Positive
Sub.+ has/have + been + V1+ing + obj. +since/for + Time.
Eg. It has been raining since yesterday.
b) Negative
Sub.+ has/have + not + been + V1+ing + obj. +since/for + Time
Eg. It has not been raining for 10 days .
c) Interrogative
Has/have + sub. + been + V1+ing + obj. +since/for + Time?
Eg. Has it been raining since morning?

14. 11) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
(H.V) (M.V)
a)Positive
Sub.+ had + been + V1+ing + obj. +since/for + Time.
Eg. It had been raining since yesterday.
b) Negative
Sub.+ had + not + been + V1+ing + obj. +since/for + Time
Eg. It had not been raining for 10 days .
c) Interrogative
Had + sub. + been + V1+ing + obj. +since/for + Time?
Eg. Had it been raining since morning?

15. 12) FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
(H.V) (M.V)
a) Positive
Sub. + will/shall +have + been + V1+ing+ obj. + for/ from.
Eg. It ill have been raining from Monday .
b) Negative
Sub. + will/shall + not +have + been + V1+ing+ obj. + for/ from.
Eg. It will not have been raining from Monday .
c) Interrogative
Will/shall +sub. + have + been + v1+ing+obj. +from/for ?
Eg. Will it have been raining from Monday?